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Song Y, Gyarmati P. Potential role of short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis and management of acute lymphocytic leukemia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 12:74. [PMID: 39118956 PMCID: PMC11304434 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy of highly proliferative lymphoblasts. ALL is the most common cancer in children, and is typically treated with combination chemotherapy. The 5-year survival of ALL improved significantly in recent decades with this treatment approach. However, certain age groups (below 2 and over 10 years of age) have much worse prognosis, and over 50% of patients with ALL experience long-term side effects proportional to the dosage of anticancer drugs. Therefore, different treatment strategies are required to improve survival in ALL and to reduce side effects of chemotherapy. Since epigenetic modifications are dominantly reversible, "epidrugs" (drugs targeting epigenetic markers) are considered for feasibility in the treatment of ALL as epigenetic modifications, and acetylation of histones was demonstrated to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ALL. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to be differentially expressed in several hematological malignancies, including ALL. HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have been shown to express selective toxicity for ALL cells, but they showed limited efficacy and higher than expected toxicity in mouse models or clinical trials in ALL. The aim of this review is to examine the role of the microbiota and microbial metabolites in the mechanisms of HDAC functions, and explore the utilization of the microbiota and microbial metabolites in improving the efficacy of HDACi in ALL. HDAC regulators and natural HDACi are depleted in ALL due to microbiota change leading to a decrease in butyrate and propionate, and HDACi treatment is not effective in ALL due to their short half-life. We propose that HDACi released by the microbiota may be necessary in HDAC regulation and this process is impaired in ALL. Furthermore, the review will also consider the role of restoration of the microbiota or supplementation of natural HDACi in potentially restoring HDAC and HDACi functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Song
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Peter Gyarmati
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA
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2
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Amin SA, Khatun S, Gayen S, Das S, Jha T. Are inhibitors of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) effective in hematological cancers especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)? Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115594. [PMID: 37429084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) aberrantly deacetylates histone and non-histone proteins. These include structural maintenance of chromosome 3 (SMC3) cohesin protein, retinoic acid induced 1 (RAI1), p53, etc and thus, regulating diverse processes such as leukemic stem cell (LSC) transformation and maintenance. HDAC8, one of the crucial HDACs, affects the gene silencing process in solid and hematological cancer progressions especially on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A specific HDAC8 inhibitor PCI-34051 showed promising results against both T-cell lymphoma and AML. Here, we summarize the role of HDAC8 in hematological malignancies, especially in AML and ALL. This article also introduces the structure/function of HDAC8 and a special attention has been paid to address the HDAC8 enzyme selectivity issue in hematological cancer especially against AML and ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, 81, Nilgunj Road, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Samima Khatun
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shovanlal Gayen
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Sanjib Das
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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3
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Khateb A, Deshpande A, Feng Y, Finlay D, Lee JS, Lazar I, Fabre B, Li Y, Fujita Y, Zhang T, Yin J, Pass I, Livneh I, Jeremias I, Burian C, Mason JR, Almog R, Horesh N, Ofran Y, Brown K, Vuori K, Jackson M, Ruppin E, Deshpande AJ, Ronai ZA. The ubiquitin ligase RNF5 determines acute myeloid leukemia growth and susceptibility to histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5397. [PMID: 34518534 PMCID: PMC8437979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains incurable, largely due to its resistance to conventional treatments. Here, we find that increased abundance of the ubiquitin ligase RNF5 contributes to AML development and survival. High RNF5 expression in AML patient specimens correlates with poor prognosis. RNF5 inhibition decreases AML cell growth in culture, in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples and in vivo, and delays development of MLL-AF9-driven leukemogenesis in mice, prolonging their survival. RNF5 inhibition causes transcriptional changes that overlap with those seen upon histone deacetylase (HDAC)1 inhibition. RNF5 induces the formation of K29 ubiquitin chains on the histone-binding protein RBBP4, promoting its recruitment to and subsequent epigenetic regulation of genes involved in AML maintenance. Correspondingly, RNF5 or RBBP4 knockdown enhances AML cell sensitivity to HDAC inhibitors. Notably, low expression of both RNF5 and HDAC coincides with a favorable prognosis. Our studies identify an ERAD-independent role for RNF5, demonstrating that its control of RBBP4 constitutes an epigenetic pathway that drives AML, and highlight RNF5/RBBP4 as markers useful to stratify patients for treatment with HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khateb
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anagha Deshpande
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Feng
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Darren Finlay
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Cancer Data Science Lab (CDSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ikrame Lazar
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu Fujita
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ian Pass
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ido Livneh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Carol Burian
- Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James R Mason
- Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronit Almog
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Epidemiology Department and Biobank, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nurit Horesh
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Hematology and Bone marrow Transplantation Department, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yishai Ofran
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Hematology and Bone marrow Transplantation Department, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kevin Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Jackson
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab (CDSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aniruddha J Deshpande
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Wander P, Arentsen-Peters STCJM, Pinhanҫos SS, Koopmans B, Dolman MEM, Ariese R, Bos FL, Castro PG, Jones L, Schneider P, Navarro MG, Molenaar JJ, Rios AC, Zwaan CM, Stam RW. High-throughput drug screening reveals Pyrvinium pamoate as effective candidate against pediatric MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101048. [PMID: 33667892 PMCID: PMC7933809 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug library screening identified pyrvinium to be effective against MLL-rearranged AML. Pyrvinium targets the mitochondria of MLL-rearranged AML cells. Pyrvinium does not antagonize with standard chemotherapy in MLL-rearranged AML.
Pediatric MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a generally unfavorable outcome, primarily due to relapse and drug resistance. To overcome these difficulties, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Yet, implementing novel drugs for clinical use is a time-consuming, laborious, costly and high-risk process. Therefore, we applied a drug-repositioning strategy by screening drug libraries, comprised of >4000 compounds that are mostly FDA-approved, in a high-throughput format on primary MLL-rearranged AML cells. Here we identified pyrvinium pamoate (pyrvinium) as a novel candidate drug effective against MLL-rearranged AML, eliminating all cell viability at <1000 nM. Additional screening of identified drug hits on non-leukemic bone marrow samples, resulted in a decrease in cell viability of ∼50% at 1000 nM pyrvinium, suggesting a therapeutic window for targeting leukemic cells specifically. Validation of pyrvinium on an extensive panel of AML cell lines and primary AML samples showed comparable viabilities as the drug screen data, with pyrvinium achieving IC50 values of <80 nM in these samples. Remarkably, pyrvinium also induced cell toxicity in primary MLL-AF10+ AML cells, an MLL-rearrangement associated with a poor outcome. While pyrvinium is able to inhibit the Wnt pathway in other diseases, this unlikely explains the efficacy we observed as β-catenin was not expressed in the AML cells tested. Rather, we show that pyrvinium co-localized with the mitochondrial stain in cells, and hence may act by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Overall, this study shows that pyrvinium is highly effective against MLL-rearranged AML in vitro, and therefore represents a novel potential candidate for further studies in MLL-rearranged AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Wander
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra S Pinhanҫos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands; CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bianca Koopmans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Emmy M Dolman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rijndert Ariese
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank L Bos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Patricia Garrido Castro
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luke Jones
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pauline Schneider
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Guillen Navarro
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Michel Zwaan
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald W Stam
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
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5
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Agarwal M, Seth R, Chatterjee T. Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnosis and Prognosis of Childhood B Cell Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL). Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 37:10-20. [PMID: 33707831 PMCID: PMC7900311 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-020-01295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common leukemia occurring in children and young adults and is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. The 5 year overall survival outcome in children with B-ALL has improved significantly in the last few decades. In the past, the discovery of various genetic alterations and targeted therapy have played a major role in decreasing disease-related deaths. In addition, numerous advances in the pathogenesis of B-ALL have been found which have provided better understanding of the genes involved in disease biology with respect to diagnostic and prognostic implications. Present review will summarize current understanding of risk stratification, genetic factors including cytogenetics in diagnosis and prognosis of B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Molecular Medicine, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Seth
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tathagata Chatterjee
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Molecular Medicine, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
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6
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Zhao X, Liu HQ, Wang LN, Yang L, Liu XL. Current and emerging molecular and epigenetic disease entities in acute myeloid leukemia and a critical assessment of their therapeutic modalities. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:121-135. [PMID: 33242577 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most frequently diagnosed acute leukemia, and its incidence increases with age. Although the etiology of AML remains unknown, exposure to genotoxic agents or some prior hematologic disorders could lead to the development of this condition. The pathogenesis of AML involves the development of malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem cells that undergo successive genomic alterations, ultimately giving rise to a full-blown disease. From the disease biology perspective, AML is considered to be extremely complex with significant genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic variations. Molecular and cytogenetic alterations in AML include mutations in those subsets of genes that are involved in normal cell proliferation, maturation and survival, thus posing significant challenge to targeting these pathways without attendant toxicity. In addition, multiple malignant cells co-exist in the majority of AML patients. Individual subclones are characterized by unique genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, which contribute to the differences in their response to treatment. As a result, despite a dramatic progress in our understanding of the pathobiology of AML, not much has changed in therapeutic approaches to treat AML in the past four decades. Dose and regimen modifications with improved supportive care have contributed to improved outcomes by reducing toxicity-related side effects. Several drug candidates are currently being developed, including targeted small-molecule inhibitors, cytotoxic chemotherapies, monoclonal antibodies and epigenetic drugs. This review summarizes the current state of affairs in the pathobiological and therapeutic aspects of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiao-Liang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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7
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Thanh Nha Uyen L, Amano Y, Al-Kzayer LFY, Kubota N, Kobayashi J, Nakazawa Y, Koike K, Sakashita K. PCDH17 functions as a common tumor suppressor gene in acute leukemia and its transcriptional downregulation is mediated primarily by aberrant histone acetylation, not DNA methylation. Int J Hematol 2019; 111:451-462. [PMID: 31865541 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that methylation of PCDH17 gene is found in 30% of children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and is significantly correlated to event-free or overall survival. We here evaluated PCDH17 mRNA expression in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and ALL. PCDH17 mRNA expression levels in children with ALL/AML were lower than those in healthy counterparts. We next elucidated the mechanism underlying down-regulation of PCDH17 mRNA, using myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cell lines. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) resulted in restoration of PCDH17 mRNA expression and growth inhibition in K562, HL60, REH, and RCH-ACV cell lines. Upregulation of PCDH17 mRNA expression resulted from histone H3 acetylation. Knockdown of the PCDH17 gene, caused by transduction of PCDH17-targeted shRNA, significantly enhanced the proliferation of KU812 cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of PCDH17 via retroviral-particle transfection substantially inhibited the growth of Kasumi1 cells. The fold-increase in PCDH17 mRNA expression mediated by 5-azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, was fundamentally lower than that produced by TSA. In conclusion, our results suggest that PCDH17 gene functions as a common tumor suppressor gene in leukemic cells, and that histone deacetylase inhibitors re-express PCDH17 mRNA to a greater extent than demethylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thanh Nha Uyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam.,Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuji Amano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan.,Shinonoi General Hospital, Minami Nagano Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino, Nagano, Japan.
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8
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Rivera-Del Valle N, Cheng T, Irwin ME, Donnella H, Singh MM, Chandra J. Combinatorial effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), vorinostat and entinostat, and adaphostin are characterized by distinct redox alterations. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:483-495. [PMID: 29313067 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Amongst the epigenetically targeted therapies, targeting of the histone deacetylases (HDACs) has yielded numerous drugs for clinical use in hematological malignancies, but none as yet for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Single agent activity of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) has been elusive in ALL, and has prompted study of combinatorial strategies. Because several HDACi raise levels of intracellular oxidative stress, we evaluated combinations of two structurally distinct HDACi with the redox active compound adaphostin in ALL. METHODS The HDACi vorinostat and entinostat were tested in combination with adaphostin in human ALL cell lines. DNA fragmentation, caspase activation, mitochondrial disruption and levels of intracellular peroxides, superoxide and glutathione were measured in cells treated with the HDACi/adaphostin combinations. Antioxidant blockade of cell death induction and gene expression profiling of cells treated with vorinostat/adaphostin versus entinostat/adaphostin combinations were evaluated. RESULTS Both combinations synergistically induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation, which was preceded by an increase in superoxide levels, a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, and an increase in caspase-9 activation. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) blocked superoxide generation and prevented reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. NAC decreased DNA fragmentation and caspase activity in cells treated with adaphostin and vorinostat, but not in those treated with adaphostin and entinostat. Gene expression arrays revealed differential regulation of several redox genes prior to cell death induction. CONCLUSIONS A redox modulatory agent, adaphostin, enhances efficacy of two HDACi, vorinostat or entinostat, but via different mechanisms indicating a point of divergence in the mechanisms of synergy between the two distinct HDACi and adaphostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilsa Rivera-Del Valle
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tiewei Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Irwin
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hayley Donnella
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa M Singh
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas (UT) M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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9
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Hekmatimoghaddam S, Zare-Khormizi MR, Pourrajab F. Underlying mechanisms and chemical/biochemical therapeutic approaches to ameliorate protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases. Biofactors 2017; 43:737-759. [PMID: 26899445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and inclusion body formations are common events in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by deposition of misfolded proteins inside or outside of neurons, and are commonly referred to as "protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases" (PMNDs). These phenotypically diverse but biochemically similar aggregates suggest a highly conserved molecular mechanism of pathogenesis. These challenges are magnified by presence of mutations that render individual proteins subject to misfolding and/or aggregation. Cell proteostasis network and molecular chaperoning are maintaining cell proteome to preserve the protein folding, refolding, oligomerization, or disaggregation, and play formidable tasks to maintain the health of organism in the face of developmental changes, environmental insults, and rigors of aging. Maintenance of cell proteome requires the orchestration of major pathways of the cellular proteostasis network (heat shock response (HSR) in the cytosol and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum). Proteostasis responses culminate in transcriptional and post-transcriptional programs that up-regulate the homeostatic mechanisms. Proteostasis is strongly influenced by the general properties of individual proteins for folding, misfolding, and aggregation. We examine a growing body of evidence establishing that when cellular proteostasis goes awry, it can be reestablished by deliberate chemical and biological interventions. We first try to introduce some new chemical approaches to prevent the misfolding or aggregation of specific proteins via direct binding interactions. We then start with approaches that employ chemicals or biological agents to enhance the general capacity of the proteostasis network. We finish with evidence that synergy is achieved with the combination of mechanistically distinct approaches to reestablish organ proteostasis. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(6):737-759, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Zare-Khormizi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourrajab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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10
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Synergistic Cytotoxic Effect of L-Asparaginase Combined with Decitabine as a Demethylating Agent in Pediatric T-ALL, with Specific Epigenetic Signature. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1985750. [PMID: 28003999 PMCID: PMC5150123 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1985750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) remains a subgroup of pediatric ALL, with a lower response to standard chemotherapy. Some recent studies established the fundamental role of epigenetic aberrations such as DNA hypermethylation, to influence patients' outcome and response to chemotherapy. Moreover, L-asparaginase is an important chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of ALL and resistance to this drug has been linked to ASNS expression, which can be silenced through methylation. Therefore, we tested whether the sensitivity of T-ALL cell lines towards L-asparaginase is correlated to the epigenetic status of ASNS gene and whether the sensitivity can be modified by concurrent demethylating treatment. Hence we treated different T-ALL cell lines with L-asparaginase and correlated different responses to the treatment with ASNS expression. Then we demonstrated that the ASNS expression was dependent on the methylation status of the promoter. Finally we showed that, despite the demethylating effect on the ASNS gene expression, the combined treatment with the demethylating agent Decitabine could synergistically improve the L-asparaginase sensitivity in those T-ALL cell lines characterized by hypermethylation of the ASNS gene. In conclusion, this preclinical study identified an unexpected synergistic activity of L-asparaginase and Decitabine in the subgroup of T-ALL with low ASNS expression due to hypermethylation of the ASNS promoter, while it did not restore sensitivity in the resistant cell lines characterized by higher ASNS expression.
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de Andrade PV, Andrade AF, de Paula Queiroz RG, Scrideli CA, Tone LG, Valera ET. The histone deacetylase inhibitor PCI-24781 as a putative radiosensitizer in pediatric glioblastoma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:31. [PMID: 27095947 PMCID: PMC4835828 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered to be one of the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Even with the use of modern treatment protocols, the prognosis remains reserved, with children with GBM having a mean survival of 12-15 months. METHODS In the present study we investigated the potential radiosensitizing effect of PCI-24781, a potent pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), on the SF188 and KNS42 cell lines of pediatric GBM. Cell proliferation rates, clonogenicity and apoptosis were compared in the presence and absence of treatment with PCI-24781. We also compared the clonogenicity rates of the irradiated SF188 and KNS42 cell lines with or without previous treatment with PCI-24781 at the doses of 0.25-16 μM. In addition, we investigated the effects of PCI-24781 on the expression of some of the main proteins responsible for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks caused by irradiation. RESULTS The inhibitor blocked cell proliferation, induced death by apoptosis and reduced the colony forming capacity of the cell lines, both of them showing a significant decrease of colony formation at all irradiation doses. The expression of the Rad51 protein, important for the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway, and of the DNA-PKcs, Ku70 and Ku86 proteins, important for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway, was more reduced when the irradiated cell line was previously treated with PCI-24781 than when it was treated exclusively with radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that HDACi PCI-24781 has a radiosensitizing profile that compromises the repair of double-strand DNA breaks in cells of pediatric GBM treated with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Viani de Andrade
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP, University of São Paulo, 7º andar. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14048-900 Brazil
| | - Augusto Faria Andrade
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14048-900 Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomes de Paula Queiroz
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP, University of São Paulo, 7º andar. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14048-900 Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP, University of São Paulo, 7º andar. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14048-900 Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP, University of São Paulo, 7º andar. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14048-900 Brazil ; Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14048-900 Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-USP, University of São Paulo, 7º andar. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14048-900 Brazil
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Zhang C, Zhong JF, Stucky A, Chen XL, Press MF, Zhang X. Histone acetylation: novel target for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:117. [PMID: 26543507 PMCID: PMC4634719 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been generally considered a genetic disease (disorder) with an aggressive tumor entity of highly proliferative malignant lymphoid cells. However, in recent years, significant advances have been made in the elucidation of the ALL-associated processes. Thus, we understand that histone acetylation is involved in the permanent changes of gene expression controlling ALL developmental outcomes. In this article, we will focus on histone acetylation associated with ALL, their implications as biomarkers for prognostic, and their preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences & Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ; Department of Pediatric, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Andres Stucky
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences & Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ; Department of Pediatric, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Xue-Lian Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences & Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ; Department of Pediatric, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 People's Republic of China
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Hirsch S, Marshall LV, Carceller Lechon F, Pearson ADJ, Moreno L. Targeted approaches to childhood cancer: progress in drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:483-95. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1025745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mu Q, Ma Q, Lu S, Zhang T, Yu M, Huang X, Chen J, Jin J. 10058-F4, a c-Myc inhibitor, markedly increases valproic acid-induced cell death in Jurkat and CCRF-CEM T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1355-1359. [PMID: 25120723 PMCID: PMC4114592 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has a poor prognosis. Although it has been found that activation of Notch1 signaling occurs in >50% T-ALL patients, γ-secretase inhibitors that target Notch1 signaling are of limited efficacy. However, c-Myc is an important direct target of Notch1 and, thus, c-Myc is another potential therapeutic target for T-ALL. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been reported to treat various hematological malignancies. In the present study, we showed that c-Myc expression, at a transcriptional level, was dose-dependently downregulated in VPA-induced growth inhibition in T-ALL cell lines, Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells. 10058-F4, a small molecule c-Myc inhibitor, could increase the downregulation of c-Myc and markedly increase the growth inhibition and cell death induced by VPA in Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells, which was accompanied by obvious cleavage of capase-3. Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor, partially prevented the anti-leukemic effect. The results of the present study suggest that c-Myc inhibitors increase cell death induced by VPA in a caspase-dependent and -independent manner, and their combination could be a potent therapeutic strategy for adult T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitian Mu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Qiuling Ma
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Lu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Ueda K, Yoshimi A, Kagoya Y, Nishikawa S, Marquez VE, Nakagawa M, Kurokawa M. Inhibition of histone methyltransferase EZH2 depletes leukemia stem cell of mixed lineage leukemia fusion leukemia through upregulation of p16. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:512-9. [PMID: 24612037 PMCID: PMC4317832 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSC) are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and persistent LSC after chemotherapy are supposed to be a major cause of relapse. However, information on genetic or epigenetic regulation of stem cell properties is still limited and LSC-targeted drugs have scarcely been identified. Epigenetic regulators are associated with many cellular processes including maintenance of stem cells. Of note are polycomb group proteins, because they potentially control stemness, and can be pharmacologically targeted by a selective inhibitor (DZNep). Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic potential of EZH2 inhibition in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion leukemia. Intriguingly, EZH2 inhibition by DZNep or shRNA not only suppressed MLL fusion leukemia proliferation but also reduced leukemia initiating cells (LIC) frequency. Expression analysis suggested that p16 upregulation was responsible for LICs reduction. Knockdown of p16 canceled the survival advantage of mice treated with DZNep. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that EZH2 was highly enriched around the transcription-start-site of p16, together with H3K27 methylation marks in MLL/ENL and Hoxa9/Meis1 transduced cells but not in E2A/HLF transduced cells. Although high expression of Hoxa9 in MLL fusion leukemia is supposed to be responsible for the recruitment of EZH2, our data also suggest that there may be some other mechanisms independent of Hoxa9 activation to suppress p16 expression, because expression levels of Hoxa9 and p16 were not inversely related between MLL/ENL and Hoxa9/Meis1 transduced cells. In summary, our findings show that EZH2 is a potential therapeutic target of MLL fusion leukemia stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ueda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Gruhn B, Naumann T, Gruner D, Walther M, Wittig S, Becker S, Beck JF, Sonnemann J. The expression of histone deacetylase 4 is associated with prednisone poor-response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1200-7. [PMID: 23948281 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at the identification of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms relevant for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Expression of HDAC1-11 was determined in 93 primary ALL and eight healthy donor samples. HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC8 showed significantly higher expressions in ALL samples. Correlation analysis of HDAC expression with clinicopathological parameters revealed that high HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4 and HDAC11 levels were significantly associated with unfavorable prognostic factors. Particularly, high HDAC4 expression was associated with high initial leukocyte count, T cell ALL and prednisone poor-response. siRNA-mediated inhibition of HDAC4 sensitized a T-ALL cell line to etoposide-induced cell death. In conclusion, our data point to HDAC4 as drug target in childhood ALL, especially in prednisone poor-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Gruhn
- Jena University Hospital, Children's Clinic, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Jena, Germany
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17
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Hasan A, Mitchell A, Schneider A, Halene T, Akbarian S. Epigenetic dysregulation in schizophrenia: molecular and clinical aspects of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 263:273-84. [PMID: 23381549 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the considerable advances in the treatment options for schizophrenia, the cognitive symptoms in particular are not receptive to antipsychotic treatment and considered one of the main predictors for poor social and functional outcome of the disease. Recent findings in preclinical model systems indicate that epigenetic modulation might emerge as a promising target for the treatment of cognitive disorders. The aim of this review is to introduce some of the principles of chromatin biology to the reader and to discuss a possible role in the neurobiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We will discuss potential epigenetic targets for drug therapy, including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). In a second part, conceptual and practical challenges associated with clinical trials of chromatin-modifying drugs in psychiatric patient populations are discussed, including safety profiles, the potential for adverse effects and general issues revolving around pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Additional investigations are required in order to fully evaluate the potential of HDACi and similar "epigenetic therapies" as novel treatment options for schizophrenia and other psychotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkomiet Hasan
- Deparment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Ntziachristos P, Mullenders J, Trimarchi T, Aifantis I. Mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of leukemia onset and progression. Adv Immunol 2013; 117:1-38. [PMID: 23611284 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-410524-9.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, it has become clear that both genetics and epigenetics play pivotal roles in cancer onset and progression. The importance of epigenetic regulation in proper maintenance of cellular state is highlighted by the frequent mutation of chromatin modulating factors across cancer subtypes. Identification of these mutations has created an interest in designing drugs that target enzymes involved in DNA methylation and posttranslational modification of histones. In this review, we discuss recurrent genetic alterations to epigenetic modulators in both myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. Furthermore, we review how these perturbations contribute to leukemogenesis and impact disease outcome and treatment efficacy. Finally, we discuss how the recent advances in our understanding of chromatin biology may impact treatment of leukemia.
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Martin A, Morgan E, Hijiya N. Relapsed or refractory pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: current and emerging treatments. Paediatr Drugs 2012; 14:377-87. [PMID: 22880941 DOI: 10.2165/11598430-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics. With contemporary chemotherapy, >85% of patients with newly diagnosed ALL survive. Unfortunately, 20% of these patients will relapse and for these children, outcomes remain poor despite our best known chemotherapy protocols. Most of these children will achieve a second complete remission, but maintaining this remission remains difficult. Because relapsed ALL is such a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, it is the focus of much research interest. Efforts have been made and continue to focus on understanding the underlying biology that drives relapse. The role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsed ALL remains unclear, but many clinicians still favor this for high-risk patients given the poor prognosis with current chemotherapy alone. It is important to use new drugs with little cross-resistance in the treatment of relapsed ALL. New classes of agents are currently being studied. We also discuss prognostic factors and the biology of relapsed ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Martin
- Division of HematologyOncologyStem Cell Transplant, Ann Robert H. Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Harnessing of the nucleosome-remodeling-deacetylase complex controls lymphocyte development and prevents leukemogenesis. Nat Immunol 2011; 13:86-94. [PMID: 22080921 PMCID: PMC3868219 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate decisions depend on the interplay between chromatin regulators and transcription factors. Here we show that activity of the Mi-2β nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex was controlled by the Ikaros family of lymphoid-lineage determining proteins. Ikaros, an integral component of the NuRD complex in lymphocytes, tethered this complex to active lymphoid differentiation genes. Loss in Ikaros DNA binding activity caused a local increase in Mi-2β chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylation and suppression of lymphoid gene expression. The NuRD complex also redistributed to transcriptionally poised non-Ikaros gene targets, involved in proliferation and metabolism, inducing their reactivation. Thus, release of NuRD from Ikaros regulation blocks lymphocyte maturation and mediates progression to a leukemic state by engaging functionally opposing epigenetic and genetic networks.
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