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Bai Y, Qin X, Ao X, Ran T, Zhou C, Zou D. The role of EUS in the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis. Endosc Ultrasound 2024; 13:232-238. [PMID: 39318759 PMCID: PMC11419561 DOI: 10.1097/eus.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis (ECP) is challenging due to the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria. EUS has been considered a sensitive diagnostic modality for chronic pancreatitis (CP), with advancements in technique such as EUS-guided fine needle aspiration and biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) being developed. However, their role in the diagnosis of ECP remains unelucidated. This review thereby aimed to provide an overview of the clinical landscape of EUS in the field of ECP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzheng Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Taojing Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Vitali F, Zundler S, Jesper D, Strobel D, Wildner D, de Pretis N, Frulloni L, Crinó SF, Neurath MF. Endoscopic Ultrasound in Pancreatology: Focus on Inflammatory Diseases and Interventions. Visc Med 2023; 39:131-139. [PMID: 37899796 PMCID: PMC10601533 DOI: 10.1159/000533433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a main tool in pancreatology for both diagnosis and therapy. It allows minimally invasive differentiation of various diseases, with a minimal degree of inflammation or anatomic variations. EUS also enables interventional direct access to the pancreatic parenchyma and the retroperitoneal space, the pancreatic duct, the pancreatic masses, cysts, vascular structures for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Summary This review aimed to summarize the new developments of EUS in the field of pancreatology, with special interest on inflammation and interventions. EUS enables way to perform pseudocyst drainage, necrosectomy, transenteral drainage and transenteric access of the main pancreatic duct, or the direct visualization or therapy of vascular structures adjacent to the pancreas. Key Messages EUS has a deep impact on pancreatology, and the development of new diagnostic and interventional approaches to the retroperitoneal space and the pancreas has increased in the last years exponentially, allowing minimal invasive diagnostics and therapy and avoiding surgery and percutaneous therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vitali
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Jesper
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Deike Strobel
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dane Wildner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicoló de Pretis
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Francesco Crinó
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is a clinical entity that results from the progressive inflammation and irreversible fibrosis of the pancreas resulting from the cumulative injury sustained by the pancreas over time. It is an illness with variable presentations that can severely impact quality of life, while its long-term complications such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), diabetes mellitus, and risk of pancreatic cancer can become life threatening. The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging as despite the recent advancements in imaging technology, the radiographic findings do not become prominent until late stages of disease. Thus, the physicians' clinical acumen in obtaining thorough history taking focusing on risk factors, clinical symptoms, in addition to high-quality imaging, often guide to the accurate diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy also plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is believed to be the most sensitive modality for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis. Despite efforts, however, natural history studies have demonstrated that 61% of individuals with chronic pancreatitis will require at least one endoscopic intervention, while 31% will require a surgical procedure as part of their management strategy. Recent advancements in genomic studies have furthered our understanding of the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Genetic testing offers the potential to reveal treatable pancreatitis-related disorders, and can inform decision making with regard to radical therapies for persistent or severe disease such as total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT). The management of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, addressing pertinent symptoms as well as the sequelae of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Abdominal pain is the prevailing symptom and most common complication of chronic pancreatitis, and impairs quality of life. Although heavily dependent on a wide range of analgesia, endoscopic treatment such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and surgical intervention can offer long-lasting relief of symptoms. For EPI, treatment with pancreatic enzyme supplements offers marginal-to-moderate relief. The most feared complication of chronic pancreatitis-the development of pancreatic cancer-has no known prevention measure to date.
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Demirbaş F, Kaymazlı M, Çaltepe G, Abbasguliyev H, Kalaycı AG, Bektaş A. Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Pediatric Patients with Pancreatobiliary Disease: Single-Center Trial. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2021; 24:164-172. [PMID: 33833972 PMCID: PMC8007838 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2021.24.2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in pediatric patients is not as common as in adults. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of EUS in the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary disease in childhood. METHODS Between December 2016 and January 2018, the findings of patients who underwent EUS were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS Of the 41 patients included in the study 25 were girls (61.0%), mean age was 12.2±4.2 years. EUS was performed for biliary colic in 21 (51.2%), for recurrent pancreatitis in 12 (29.2%), for cholecystitis/cholangitis in 5 (12.2%), and for acute pancreatitis in 3 (7.4%) patients. EUS had a significant clinical effect in the decision of treatment and follow-up of 6/21 biliary colic cases, in diagnosis and follow-up of 6/12 recurrent pancreatitis cases, in decision-making and monitoring of invasive procedures (ERCP/surgery) of 3/5 acute cholecystitis/cholangitis and 2/3 of acute pancreatitis cases as well as in follow-up of the other cases. The effectiveness of EUS in determining direct treatment and invasive intervention was 43.9%. None of the patients had complications related to the EUS procedure. CONCLUSION Although current guidelines show that EUS can be used in pediatric patients, this is limited to a few published studies. In this study, it is shown that EUS is a safe method for the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of common pancreatobiliary pathologies in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Demirbaş
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kaymazlı
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gönül Çaltepe
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Ayhan Gazi Kalaycı
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bektaş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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Egorov V, Petrov R, Schegolev A, Dubova E, Vankovich A, Kondratyev E, Dobriakov A, Kalinin D, Schvetz N, Poputchikova E. Pancreas-preserving duodenal resections vs pancreatoduodenectomy for groove pancreatitis. Should we revisit treatment algorithm for groove pancreatitis? World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:30-49. [PMID: 33552393 PMCID: PMC7830077 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall (CDDW), or groove pancreatitis (GP), remains controversial. Although pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is considered the most suitable operation for CDDW, pancreas-preserving duodenal resection (PPDR) has also been suggested as an alternative for the pure form of GP (isolated CDDW). There are no studies comparing PD and PPDR for this disease.
AIM To compare the safety, efficacy, and short- and long-term results of PD and PPDR in patients with CDDW.
METHODS A retrospective analysis of the clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and intra- and postoperative data of 84 patients with CDDW (2004-2020) and a comparison of the safety and efficacy of PD and PPDR.
RESULTS Symptoms included abdominal pain (100%), weight loss (76%), vomiting (30%) and jaundice (18%) and data from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoUS led to the correct preoperative diagnosis in 98.8% of cases. Twelve patients were treated conservatively with pancreaticoenterostomy (n = 8), duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (n = 6), PD (n = 44) and PPDR (n = 15) without mortality. Weight gain was significantly higher after PD and PPDR and complete pain control was achieved significantly more often after PPDR (93%) and PD (84%) compared to the other treatment modalities (18%). New onset diabetes mellitus and severe exocrine insufficiency occurred after PD (31% and 14%), but not after PPDR.
CONCLUSION PPDR has similar safety and better efficacy than PD in patients with CDDW and may be the optimal procedure for the isolated form of CDDW. The pure form of GP is a duodenal disease and PD may be an overtreatment for this disease. Early detection of CDDW provides an opportunity for pancreas-preserving surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Egorov
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Moscow 143421, Russia
| | - Roman Petrov
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Moscow 143421, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Schegolev
- V. I. Kulakov Research Center for Obstetrics, Ministry Hlth Russian Federat, VI Kulakov Res Ctr Obstet Gynecol & Perinatol, Moscow 119526, Russia
| | - Elena Dubova
- Department of Pathology, Buranazian Federal Medical and Biological Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russian Federation, Moscow 143421, Russia
| | - Andrey Vankovich
- Department of HPB Surgery, Moscow Clinical Research Center, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Eugeny Kondratyev
- Department of Radiology, Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Moscow 143421, Russia
| | - Andrey Dobriakov
- Department of Pathology, Bakhrushin Brothers Moscow City Hospital, Moscow 107076, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kalinin
- Department of Pathology, Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Natalia Schvetz
- Department of Pathology, Bakhrushin Brothers Moscow City Hospital, Moscow 107076, Russia
| | - Elena Poputchikova
- Department of Pathology, Bakhrushin Brothers Moscow City Hospital, Moscow 107076, Russia
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Tepox-Padrón A, Bernal-Mendez RA, Duarte-Medrano G, Romano-Munive AF, Mairena-Valle M, Ramírez-Luna MÁ, Marroquin-Reyes JD, Uscanga L, Chan C, Domínguez-Rosado I, Hernandez-Calleros J, Pelaez-Luna M, Tellez-Avila F. Utility of endoscopic ultrasound in idiopathic acute recurrent pancreatitis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021; 8:bmjgast-2020-000538. [PMID: 33402380 PMCID: PMC7786795 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic acute recurrent pancreatitis (IARP) is defined as at least two episodes of acute pancreatitis with the complete or near-complete resolution of symptoms and signs of pancreatitis between episodes, without an identified cause. There is a paucity of information about the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in IARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tepox-Padrón
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rafael Ambrosio Bernal-Mendez
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Duarte-Medrano
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Adriana Fabiola Romano-Munive
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Milton Mairena-Valle
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramírez-Luna
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jose Daniel Marroquin-Reyes
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis Uscanga
- Gastroenterology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Carlos Chan
- Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ismael Domínguez-Rosado
- Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernandez-Calleros
- Gastroenterology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Mario Pelaez-Luna
- Gastroenterology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Felix Tellez-Avila
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico, Mexico
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Piester TL, Liu QY. EUS in Pediatrics: A Multicenter Experience and Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:709461. [PMID: 34513763 PMCID: PMC8424044 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.709461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a well-established tool used in the evaluation and treatment of a wide range of pathologies in adult medicine. EUS in pediatrics has been shown to be safe and technically effective, and its use continues to evolve. This article aims to describe the EUS experience at our tertiary-care centers with regard to safety, technical success, and its impact in clinical management. We also discuss the current and developing diagnostic and therapeutic uses for EUS in pediatrics such as in pancreaticobiliary disease, congenital anomalies, eosinophilic esophagitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver disease. Methods: This is a retrospective review of EUS performed by two pediatric gastroenterologists trained as endosonographers between April 2017 and November 2020. Patient demographics, procedure indication, procedure characteristics, technical success, and complications were collected. Literature review was performed to describe current and future uses of EUS in pediatrics. Results: Ninety-eight EUS were performed with 15 (15.3%) including fine needle aspiration/biopsy and 9 (9.2%) cases being therapeutic. Most common indications include choledocholithiasis (n = 31, 31.6%), pancreatic fluid collections (n = 18, 18.4%), chronic and acute recurrent pancreatitis (n = 14, 14.3%), and acute pancreatitis characterization (n = 13, 13.3%). Notable indications of pancreatic mass (n = 6, 6.1%) and luminal lesions/strictures (n = 6, 6.1%) were less common. Complications were limited with one instance of questionable GI bleeding after cystgastrostomy creation. Ninety-eight of 98 (100%) cases were technically successful. Conclusion/Discussion: EUS has been shown to be performed safely and successfully in the pediatric population by pediatric endosonographers. This study and review support its use in pediatric practice and demonstrate the wide variety of indications for EUS such as pancreatic cystgastrostomy, celiac plexus neurolysis, and evaluation of chronic pancreatitis. This literature review also demonstrates areas of potential development for EUS within the practice of pediatric gastroenterology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L Piester
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Quin Y Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Yamamiya A, Irisawa A, Kashima K, Kunogi Y, Nagashima K, Minaguchi T, Izawa N, Yamabe A, Hoshi K, Tominaga K, Iijima M, Goda K. Interobserver Reliability of Endoscopic Ultrasonography: Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E953. [PMID: 33203069 PMCID: PMC7696989 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has been applied to the diagnosis of various digestive disorders. Although it has been widely accepted and its diagnostic value is high, the dependence of EUS diagnosis on image interpretation done by the endosonographer has persisted as an important difficulty. Consequently, high interobserver reliability (IOR) in EUS diagnosis is important to demonstrate the reliability of EUS diagnosis. We reviewed the literature on the IOR of EUS diagnosis for various diseases such as chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic solid/cystic mass, lymphadenopathy, and gastrointestinal and subepithelial lesions. The IOR of EUS diagnosis differs depending on the disease; moreover, EUS findings with high IOR and those with IOR that was not necessarily high were used as diagnostic criteria. Therefore, to further increase the value of EUS diagnosis, EUS diagnostic criteria with high diagnostic characteristics based on EUS findings with high IOR must be established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Irisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.K.); (Y.K.); (K.N.); (T.M.); (N.I.); (A.Y.); (K.H.); (K.T.); (M.I.); (K.G.)
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The Roles of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Evaluation and Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis in Children: A Position Paper From the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Pancreas Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 70:681-693. [PMID: 32332479 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric chronic pancreatitis is increasingly diagnosed. Endoscopic methods [endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)] are useful tools to diagnose and manage chronic pancreatitis. Pediatric knowledge and use of these modalities is limited and warrants dissemination. METHODS Literature review of publications relating to use of ERCP and EUS for diagnosis and/or management of chronic pancreatitis with special attention to studies involving 0--18 years old subjects was conducted with summaries generated. Recommendations were developed and voted upon by authors. RESULTS Both EUS and ERCP can be used even in small children to assist in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis in cases where cross-sectional imaging is not sufficient to diagnose or characterize the disease. Children under 15 kg for EUS and 10 kg for ERCP can be technically challenging. These procedures should be done optimally by appropriately trained endoscopists and adult gastroenterology providers with appropriate experience treating children. EUS and ERCP-related risks both include perforation, bleeding and pancreatitis. EUS is the preferred diagnostic modality over ERCP because of lower complication rates overall. Both modalities can be used for management of chronic pancreatitis -related fluid collections. ERCP has successfully been used to manage pancreatic duct stones. CONCLUSION EUS and ERCP can be safely used to diagnose chronic pancreatitis in pediatric patients and assist in management of chronic pancreatitis-related complications. Procedure-related risks are similar to those seen in adults, with EUS having a safer risk profile overall. The recent increase in pediatric-trained specialists will improve access of these modalities for children.
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Accuracy of a novel noninvasive secretin-enhanced MRCP severity index scoring system for diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis: correlation with EUS-based Rosemont criteria. Radiol Med 2020; 125:816-826. [PMID: 32266691 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of a secretin-enhanced MRCP Chronic Pancreatitis Severity Index (CPSI) in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) Rosemont criteria. METHODS In this retrospective study, 31 patients (20 women; median age 48 years, range 18-77) with known/suspected CP evaluated with both EUS and secretin-enhanced MRCP were included. CP severity was graded using a ten-point-scale secretin-enhanced MRCP-based CPSI scoring system which considered ductal, parenchymal and secretin-based dynamic abnormalities. Cases were categorized as normal, mild, moderate or severe CP. Correlation between CPSI and the EUS Rosemont criteria was performed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Comparative evaluation of test performance was obtained using ROC analysis. RESULTS Using EUS Rosemont criteria, eight patients had features consistent/suggestive of CP, 20 patients were normal and three were indeterminate. On CPSI, five patients were normal, 12 had mild and 14 had moderate/severe CP. There was only fair agreement (k = 0.272) between CPSI and Rosemont criteria categories. CPSI showed 87.5% sensitivity, 69.6% specificity and 74.2% accuracy (cutoff value = 3.5 points; area under the curve = 0.804; p = 0.0026) for CP diagnosis based on EUS Rosemont criteria. CONCLUSION CPSI showed relatively high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of CP based on Rosemont criteria. The CPSI scoring system can be proposed as a noninvasive alternative to the EUS Rosemont criteria for CP diagnosis.
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12
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Salvador García J, Delgado Cordón F. Papel de la imagen en el diagnóstico de la pancreatitis crónica. RADIOLOGIA 2019; 61:247-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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New endoscopic ultrasonography criteria for malignant lymphadenopathy based on inter-rater agreement. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212427. [PMID: 30794598 PMCID: PMC6386303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Various studies have been previously conducted on the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy as benign or malignant, but the results vary. These studies did not describe the inter-rater agreement on the EUS features of lymphadenopathy. In this study, we evaluate the inter-rater agreement on EUS features and propose EUS diagnostic norms for lymphadenopathy based on inter-rater agreement. Method A total of 68 lymph nodes subjected to EUS-fine needle aspiration (FNA) were reviewed by five endoscopic experts. The EUS features evaluated lymph node size, shape, border, margin, echogenicity, homogeneity, and the hilum of the lymph node. Inter-rater agreement (multi-rater kappa statics) was performed. We established new criteria using results with a high degree of inter-rater agreement from EUS features and compared them with the former criteria. Result There was a moderate agreement on shape, kappa (K) = 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34–0.54), and fair agreement on echogenicity, homogeneity, border, and hilum of the lymph node, K (95% CI) = 0.33 (0.17–0.38), 0.34 (0.26–0.35), 0.22 (0.21–0.31), and 0.22 (0.11–0.26), respectively. This resulted in the establishment of new EUS diagnostic criteria using shape, long axis > 20 mm and short axis > 10 mm. New criteria were superior to old criteria (area under the curve 0.82 vs 0.52, P < 0.001). Conclusion EUS diagnostic criteria for lymphadenopathy based on inter-rater agreement were more accurate than old criteria. This result will be useful for the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy.
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Fecal Elastase Levels Predict Honeycombing in Pancreas Detected with Endoscopic Ultrasound. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:4625247. [PMID: 30631759 PMCID: PMC6304647 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4625247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS We aimed to demonstrate the association between fecal elastase levels and Rosemont categories in patients with chronic changes in pancreas detected with endoscopic ultrasound. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were selected consecutively from endosonography examinations performed for upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions and for pancreas evaluation. Pancreas imaging findings were categorized according to the Rosemont criteria using echoendoscope. Patients who were indeterminate of, suggestive of, and consistent with chronic pancreatitis were included in the study. Fecal elastase measurements were performed after the patients were qualified to participate in the study according to endosonography findings. RESULTS Seventy patients were included in the study. 54 of them were male. Mean age of the patients was 51.7 ± 10.2 year. There were 36 patients in the indetermine group for chronic pancreatitis. Mean fecal elastase level was 507.1 ± 14.6 μg/g in the indeterminate group. There were 24 patients in the suggestive group of chronic pancreatitis. Mean fecal elastase level was 400.4 ± 121.4 μg/g in the suggestive group of chronic pancreatitis. There were 10 patients, in the consistent group with chronic pancreatitis. Mean fecal elastase level was 134.8 ± 86.1. The difference between the three groups of fecal elastase values was statistically significant compared with Kruskal Wallis test. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant relation between endosonografic categories and fecal elastase values with Nagelkerke value of 0.704. CONCLUSIONS Fecal elastase levels of each of the endosonographic categories were significantly different from each other. Also, fecal elastase values can predict chronic changes in pancreas detected with endoscopic ultrasound.
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Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency and Malnutrition in Chronic Pancreatitis: Identification, Treatment, and Consequences. Pancreas 2018; 47:1015-1018. [PMID: 30074926 PMCID: PMC6462188 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) on chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients and to identify challenges with its diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Ninety-one patients with CP diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound were identified and assessed for symptoms of EPI, fat-soluble vitamin levels, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan T-scores, and treatment with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. All patients were also screened with the Malnutrition Universal Screening Test. RESULTS Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was diagnosed in 84.6% (77/91) of patients based on symptoms of bloating, steatorrhea, or weight loss. Of these patients, 35.2% (19/54) had vitamin A deficiency, 62.5% (55/88) had vitamin D deficiency, and 17.7% (9/51) had vitamin E deficiency. Either osteopenia or osteoporosis was found in 68.9% (31/45). A medium or higher risk for malnutrition based on Malnutrition Universal Screening Test score of 1 or higher was found in 31.5% (28/89). Malnutrition Universal Screening Test score of 1 or higher was associated with an increased risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis on Fisher's exact test (P = 0.0037). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, osteopathy, and malnutrition in CP patients, which is underestimated due to a lack of effective diagnosis and suboptimal therapies for EPI.
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Konings IC, Cahen DL, Harinck F, Fockens P, van Hooft JE, Poley JW, Bruno MJ. Evolution of features of chronic pancreatitis during endoscopic ultrasound-based surveillance of individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer. Endosc Int Open 2018; 6:E541-E548. [PMID: 29713680 PMCID: PMC5909773 DOI: 10.1055/a-0574-2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS During endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-based pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-surveillance in asymptomatic individuals, features of chronic pancreatitis (CP) are often detected. Little is known about the prevalence and progression of these features. The aim of this study was to quantify these features, assess the interobserver agreement, assess possible associated factors, and assess the natural course during 3 years of follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two experienced endosonographers reviewed anonymized sequential EUS videos of participants in PDAC surveillance that were obtained in 2012 and 2015 for features of CP. Descriptives, agreement analyses, univariate and multivariate analyses for possible risk factors, and repeated measures analyses to assess intra-individual changes over time were performed. RESULTS A total of 42 EUS videos of 21 participants were reviewed. Any feature of CP was present in 86 % (2012) and 81 % (2015) of participants, with a mean of 2.5 features per individual. The overall interobserver agreement was almost perfect at 83 %. No baseline factors were significantly associated with features of CP. Features did not change over time, except for hyperechoic foci without shadowing, which decreased intra-individually (β = - 1.6, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS This blinded study shows features of CP to be highly prevalent in individuals at high risk of developing pancreatic cancer. No baseline factors were associated with presence of these features. CP features did not increase intra-individually over a 3-year period. Longer follow-up and pathological examination of pancreatic resection specimens will be essential to learn whether EUS detection and follow-up of these CP features bear clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid C.A.W. Konings
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Corresponding author Ingrid C.A.W. Konings Erasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamP.O. Box 20403000 CA RotterdamThe Netherlands+31-10-70-30331
| | - Djuna L. Cahen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femme Harinck
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Fockens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanin E. van Hooft
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Werner Poley
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize key clinical advances in chronic pancreatitis reported in 2016. RECENT FINDINGS Early diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis remains elusive. Recent studies suggest that endoscopic ultrasound may be less accurate than previously thought and new MRI techniques may be helpful. Genetic predisposition may independently affect the clinical course of chronic pancreatitis and the risk for pancreatic cancer. Cigarette smoking may have a greater negative impact on chronic pancreatitis than previously thought and moderate alcohol consumption may be protective. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the treatment of type 3 diabetes and nutritional deficiencies in chronic pancreatitis. Although endoscopic therapy remains a reasonable first-line option in treating chronic pancreatitis and its complications, early surgical intervention may be indicated for pain in select patients. SUMMARY Newer endoscopic ultrasound and MRI techniques are being evaluated to help with the early diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Both genetic predisposition and cigarette smoking are increasingly recognized as having a major impact in the course of the disease and the risk for pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic therapy is well tolerated and effective for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and its complications although an early surgical approach for pain may be associated with improved clinical outcomes.
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Engjom T, Sangnes DA, Havre RF, Erchinger F, Pham KDC, Haldorsen IS, Gilja OH, Dimcevski G. Diagnostic Accuracy of Transabdominal Ultrasound in Chronic Pancreatitis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:735-743. [PMID: 28108042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of transabdominal ultrasound (US) in chronic pancreatitis (CP) following the advances in US technology made during recent decades has not been explored. Our aim in this prospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of modern abdominal US compared with the Mayo score in CP. One hundred thirty-four patients referred for suspected CP were included in the study. Fifty-four patients were assigned the diagnosis CP. After inclusion, transabdominal US was performed. Ductal features (calculi, dilations and caliber variations, side-branch dilations and hyper-echoic duct wall margins) and parenchymal features (calcifications, cysts, hyper-echoic foci, stranding, lobulation and honeycombing) were recorded. Features were counted and scored according to a weighting system defined at the international consensus meeting in Rosemont, Illinois (Rosemont score). Diagnostic performance indices (95% confidence interval) of US were calculated: The unweighted count of features had a sensitivity of 0.69 (0.54-0.80) and specificity of 0.97 (0.90-1). The Rosemont score had a sensitivity of 0.81 (0.69-0.91) and specificity of 0.97 (0.90-1). Exocrine pancreatic failure was most pronounced in Rosemont groups I and II (p < 0.001). We conclude that using both unweighted and weighted scores, the diagnostic accuracy of modern transabdominal US is good. The extent of pancreatic changes detected by the method is correlated with exocrine pancreatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Engjom
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Dag A Sangnes
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roald F Havre
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Friedemann Erchinger
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Voss Hospital, Voss, Norway
| | | | - Ingfrid S Haldorsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd H Gilja
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Georg Dimcevski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Sato A, Irisawa A, Bhutani MS, Shibukawa G, Yamabe A, Fujisawa M, Igarashi R, Arakawa N, Yoshida Y, Abe Y, Maki T, Hoshi K, Ohira H. Significance of normal appearance on endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis. Endosc Ultrasound 2017; 7:110-118. [PMID: 28685746 PMCID: PMC5914182 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.209870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Rosemont classification (RC) was developed as a consensus-based standard for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), however, it is more complicated than the conventional scoring system. We have noticed that in the early stages of CP, it is not unusual to observe pancreas with abnormal appearance coexisting with the areas of normal parenchyma. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of a “normal” pancreas appearance and to evaluate the usefulness of modified diagnostic criteria in comparison to the traditional EUS criteria and the RC. Patients and Methods: One hundred and seventy-seven patients who had undergone both EUS and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) within 2 months were enrolled in the study, and patients with pancreatic cancer were excluded from the study. ERP findings were used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of CP. The EUS images obtained were classified according to both the RC and our new modified criteria. The latter includes an additional criterion to the modified traditional criteria: fine-reticular pattern (F-RP) was defined as a normal pancreatic parenchyma. We compared the accuracy between the new modified EUS criteria and the RC. Results: (1) Normal or equivocal findings on ERP were obtained for 132 patients; 113 patients had F-RP on EUS. In contrast, F-RP was found in only 6 out of 45 CP cases on ERP (P < 0.0001). (2) We investigated the diagnostic capability of our new criteria for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography normal/equivocal pancreas compared to the traditional criteria. In cases where fewer than two points were defined as normal, the incidence of normal pancreas was significantly higher based on the new criteria than on the traditional criteria (P = 0.002). (3) No significant differences were found between the new criteria and the RC across all ERP grades. Conclusion: Our new proposed “normal-added EUS criteria” for diagnosing CP was equivalent to the RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Irisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Manoop S Bhutani
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Unit 1466, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Goro Shibukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Akane Yamabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Mariko Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryo Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Arakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoko Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Takumi Maki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Koki Hoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
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Whitcomb DC, Frulloni L, Garg P, Greer JB, Schneider A, Yadav D, Shimosegawa T. Chronic pancreatitis: An international draft consensus proposal for a new mechanistic definition. Pancreatology 2016; 16:218-24. [PMID: 26924663 PMCID: PMC6042966 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A definition of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is needed for diagnosis and distinguishing CP from other disorders. Previous definitions focused on morphology. Advances in epidemiology, genetics, molecular biology, modeling and other disciplines provide new insights into pathogenesis of CP, and allow CP to be better defined. METHODS Expert physician-scientists from the United States, India, Europe and Japan reviewed medical and scientific literature and clinical experiences. Competing views and approaches were debated until a new consensus definition was reached. RESULTS CP has been defined as 'a continuing inflammatory disease of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible morphological change, and typically causing pain and/or permanent loss of function'. Focusing on abnormal morphology makes early diagnosis challenging and excludes inflammation without fibrosis, atrophy, endocrine and exocrine dysfunction, pain syndromes and metaplasia. A new mechanistic definition is proposed--'Chronic pancreatitis is a pathologic fibro-inflammatory syndrome of the pancreas in individuals with genetic, environmental and/or other risk factors who develop persistent pathologic responses to parenchymal injury or stress.' In addition, "Common features of established and advanced CP include pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis, pain syndromes, duct distortion and strictures, calcifications, pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, pancreatic endocrine dysfunction and dysplasia." This definition recognizes the complex nature of CP, separates risk factors from disease activity markers and disease endpoints, and allows for a rational approach to early diagnosis, classification and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Initial agreement on a mechanistic definition of CP has been reached. This definition should be debated in rebuttals and endorsements, among experts and pancreatic societies until international consensus is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Pancreas Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pramod Garg
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Julia B Greer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Centre Manheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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21
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D'Souza SL, Anderson MA, Korsnes SJ, Elmunzer BJ, Piraka C, Menees S, Wamsteker EJ, Kwon RS, Scheiman JM, Elta GH. EUS Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Pancreatitis: A Comparison of Conventional Versus Rosemont Criteria. Dig Dis Sci 2015. [PMID: 26195310 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the Rosemont criteria, which are graded features chosen by experts in 2007, versus the conventional criteria, which require ≥ 3-5 of the 9 features that are "counted as equal," for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis by EUS. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. EUS examinations were scored using both criteria, and the following categories compared: 3-CC versus "consistent with" chronic pancreatitis by RC; 3-CC versus "consistent with" and "suggestive of" chronic pancreatitis by RC; 5-CC versus "consistent with" chronic pancreatitis by RC; and 5-CC versus "consistent with" and "suggestive of" chronic pancreatitis by RC. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between 3-CC and RC, either "consistent with" alone or both "consistent with" and "suggestive of" (p < 0.0001). Comparing 5-CC and "consistent with" showed a statistical difference (p = 0.0014), but no difference comparing 5-CC to "consistent with" and "suggestive of." CONCLUSION CC diagnose more cases of chronic pancreatitis than RC when using 3-CC or when comparing 5-CC to "consistent with" chronic pancreatitis by Rosemont, indicating that the Rosemont criteria are more stringent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene L D'Souza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Veterans Administration Healthcare System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., P3GI, Portland, OR, 97230, USA.
| | - Michelle A Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5362, USA.
| | - Sheryl J Korsnes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5362, USA.
| | - B Joseph Elmunzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5362, USA.
| | - Cyrus Piraka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, K7, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Stacy Menees
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5362, USA.
| | - Erik-Jan Wamsteker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5362, USA.
| | - Richard S Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5362, USA.
| | - James M Scheiman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5362, USA.
| | - Grace H Elta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5362, USA.
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22
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Săftoiu A, Vilmann P, Dietrich CF, Iglesias-Garcia J, Hocke M, Seicean A, Ignee A, Hassan H, Streba CT, Ioncică AM, Gheonea DI, Ciurea T. Quantitative contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS in differential diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82:59-69. [PMID: 25792386 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of EUS with contrast agents can be expanded through the use of time-intensity curve (TIC) analysis and computer-aided interpretation. OBJECTIVE To validate the use of parameters derived from TIC analysis in an artificial neural network (ANN) classification model designed to diagnose pancreatic carcinoma (PC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). SETTING Prospective, multicenter, observational trial-endoscopy units from Romania, Denmark, Germany, and Spain. PATIENTS A total of 167 consecutive patients with PC or CP. INTERVENTIONS Contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CEH-EUS) and EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA), TIC analysis, and ANN processing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) for EUS-FNA, CEH-EUS, and the ANN. RESULTS After excluding all of the recordings that did not meet the technical and procedural criteria, 112 cases of PC and 55 cases of CP were included. EUS-FNA was performed in 129 patients, and the diagnosis was confirmed by surgery (n = 15) or follow-up (n = 23) in the remaining cases. Its sensitivity and specificity were 84.82% and 100%, respectively, whereas the PPV and NPV were 100% and 76.63%, respectively. The sensitivity of real-time quantitative assessment of CEH-EUS was 87.5%, specificity 92.72%, PPV 96.07%, and NPV 78.46%. Peak enhancement, wash-in area under the curve, wash-in rate, and the wash-in perfusion index were significantly different between the groups. No significant differences were found between rise time, mean transit time, and time to peak. For the ANN, sensitivity was 94.64%, specificity 94.44%, PPV 97.24%, and NPV 89.47%. LIMITATIONS Only PC and CP lesions were included. CONCLUSION Parameters obtained through TIC analysis can differentiate between PC and CP cases and can be used in an automated computer-aided diagnostic system with good diagnostic results. ( CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01315548.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Săftoiu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania; Endoscopy Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Vilmann
- Endoscopy Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Sino-German Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Medical D 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad, Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Julio Iglesias-Garcia
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Santiago de Compostela, Coruña, Spain
| | - Michael Hocke
- Internal Medicine II, Hospital Meiningen, Meiningen, Germany
| | - Andrada Seicean
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu" Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andre Ignee
- Medical D 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad, Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Hazem Hassan
- Endoscopy Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Costin Teodor Streba
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Ioncică
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Dan Ionuţ Gheonea
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Tudorel Ciurea
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
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23
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Itoh Y, Itoh A, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Nakamura Y, Hiramatsu T, Sugimoto H, Sumi H, Hayashi D, Kuwahara T, Morishima T, Funasaka K, Nakamura M, Miyahara R, Ohmiya N, Katano Y, Ishigami M, Goto H, Hirooka Y. Quantitative analysis of diagnosing pancreatic fibrosis using EUS-elastography (comparison with surgical specimens). J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1183-92. [PMID: 24026103 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accurate diagnosis of pancreatic fibrosis is clinically important and may have potential for staging chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to diagnose the grade of pancreatic fibrosis through a quantitative analysis of endoscopic ultrasound elastography (EUS-EG). METHODS From September 2004 to October 2010, 58 consecutive patients examined by EUS-EG for both pancreatic tumors and their upstream pancreas before pancreatectomy were enrolled. Preoperative EUS-EG images in the upstream pancreas were statistically quantified, and the results were retrospectively compared with postoperative histological fibrosis in the same area. For the quantification of EUS-EG images, 4 parameters (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) were calculated using novel software. Histological fibrosis was graded into 4 categories (normal, mild fibrosis, marked fibrosis, and severe fibrosis) according to a previously reported scoring system. RESULTS The fibrosis grade in the upstream pancreas was normal in 24 patients, mild fibrosis in 19, marked fibrosis in 6, and severe fibrosis in 9. Fibrosis grade was significantly correlated with all 4 quantification parameters (mean r = -0.75, standard deviation r = -0.54, skewness r = 0.69, kurtosis r = 0.67). According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the mean was the most useful parameter for diagnosing pancreatic fibrosis. Using the mean, the area under the ROC curves for the diagnosis of mild or higher-grade fibrosis, marked or higher-grade fibrosis and severe fibrosis were 0.90, 0.90, and 0.90, respectively. CONCLUSIONS An accurate diagnosis of pancreatic fibrosis may be possible by analyzing EUS-EG images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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24
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Afghani E, Sinha A, Singh VK. An overview of the diagnosis and management of nutrition in chronic pancreatitis. Nutr Clin Pract 2014; 29:295-311. [PMID: 24743046 DOI: 10.1177/0884533614529996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by long-standing inflammation of the pancreas, which results in fibrosis and the gradual loss of pancreatic function. The loss of islets and acinar cells results in diabetes and exocrine insufficiency, respectively. Exocrine insufficiency can result in maldigestion of fat, protein, and carbohydrate as well as vitamins and minerals. Patients may present with variable severity of disease, from mild to severe. The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis can be challenging, especially in patients with early or mild disease who have few to no morphologic abnormalities on standard abdominal imaging studies. A number of imaging modalities and tests have evolved to aid in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis based on changes in structure or function. Clinicians typically focus on treating pain in chronic pancreatitis as opposed to exocrine insufficiency, despite the fact that maldigestion and malabsorption can result in nutrition deficiencies. The aims of this review are to describe the various modalities used to diagnose chronic pancreatitis, to illustrate the nutrition deficiencies associated with exocrine insufficiency, and to provide an overview of nutrition assessment and treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Afghani
- Pancreatitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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25
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Sze KCP, Pirola RC, Apte MV, Wilson JS. Current options for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:199-215. [PMID: 24512138 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.883277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic options for chronic pancreatitis have evolved over recent years. The previous gold standard references for structural imaging and exocrine pancreatic function testing have both been supplanted and redesigned. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography has now been overtaken by endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, whilst the old technique for Dreiling tube pancreatic function testing has now been replaced by the endoscopic pancreatic function test. New advances in endoscopic ultrasound elastography have also extended the options for evaluating pancreatic masses to differentiate mass-forming chronic pancreatitis from malignancy. Genetic contribution to chronic pancreatitis is also now more widely recognized than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Ching Pan Sze
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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Stevens T. Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2013; 23:735-47. [PMID: 24079787 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can be a useful tool for detecting underlying causes of acute pancreatitis and establishing the severity of fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. Ancillary techniques include fine needle aspiration and core biopsy, bile collection for crystal analysis, pancreatic function testing, and celiac plexus block. This review focuses on the role of EUS in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Stevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A31, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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MRI prediction of islet yield for autologous transplantation after total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:1116-24. [PMID: 23086123 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathology, and islet yield was examined for chronic pancreatitis patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and autologous islet cell transplant (TP-AIT) to determine if the yield can be predicted by pre-operative MRI. METHODS MRI sequences and histopathology were scored and compared for patients from whom ≤2,500 islet equivalents/kg were obtained with those from whom >2,500 islet equivalents/kg were obtained. RESULTS Twenty patients, 14 female, mean age 40.20 ± 12.5 years, (range 19-63) underwent MRI before TP-AIT; mean 3,724 ± 891 islet equivalents/kg body weight, median 2,970, (range 76-17,770) were procured. There was no correlation between islet cell numbers and pancreas weight, HgbA1c, or c-peptide. The most common MRI sequence abnormality was the delayed interstitial phase, 14/18 (78 %). The other common MRI sequence abnormalities were, precontrast T1W 3D GRE sequence, 13/19 (68 %), and the arterial perfusion phase, 11/18 (61 %). The pancreatic duct was dilated in 10/20 (50 %). Parenchymal atrophy was noted in 10/20 (50 %). Median scores for individual MRI sequences were greater in patients with an islet cell yield of ≤2,500 islet equivalents/kg; for the delayed interstitial phase the difference was significant (median 2.5, range 1-3 versus median 0.5, range 0-3, P = 0.034). Histologically the most common feature was fibrosis, (17/17, 100 %); the score for fibrosis was greater for patients with an islet cell yield of ≤2,500 islet equivalents/kg (median 6.0, range 5-7 versus median 4.0, range 3-7, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION A diminished islet yield may be predicted on the basis of the delayed interstitial phase MRI sequence.
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Del Pozo D, Poves E, Tabernero S, Beceiro I, Moral I, Villafruela M, Sanz C, Borrego G. Conventional versus Rosemont endoscopic ultrasound criteria for chronic pancreatitis: interobserver agreement in same day back-to-back procedures. Pancreatology 2012; 12:284-7. [PMID: 22687386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a commonly used and fairly sensitive method of assessing changes of chronic pancreatitis (CP) when routine noninvasive imaging has not shown overt features of CP. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interobserver agreement (IOA) for the classic (MSC) and the Rosemont (RC) criteria for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis on the basis of clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two experienced endosonographers evaluated on the same day patients referred for EUS in a blinded fashion. Data from the sonographic criteria of both MSC and RC were collected. Agreement was calculated using k statistics. RESULTS A total of 69 patients were evaluated. The study population included mainly patients without pancreatic diseases, resulting in a low number of sonographic findings. Agreement for the final diagnosis was moderate for both classification systems of chronic pancreatitis (k = 0.53 for conventional and k = 0.46 for Rosemont). CONCLUSIONS The IOA of EUS in the diagnosis of CP is moderate. The concordance values obtained in clinical practice are similar to those obtained in multicenter studies. The RC does not seem to improve the IOA of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Del Pozo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Ctra. Alcalá-Meco s/n, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Rana SS, Bhasin DK, Rao C, Singh K. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in idiopathic acute pancreatitis with negative ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Ann Gastroenterol 2012; 25:133-137. [PMID: 24714266 PMCID: PMC3959389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP) is a diagnostic challenge. Finding a treatable cause after appropriate investigation may help to prevent recurrent pancreatitis and further management. The aim of our study was to retrospectively report our experience with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in investigating patients with IAP. METHODS Forty patients (26 males; age range: 17-72 years) of IAP with no underlying cause identified on transabdominal ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were studied. In 23 patients (57.5%), it was the first attack of acute pancreatitis whereas in 17 patients (42.5%) there was at least one previous attack of documented acute pancreatitis. EUS examination was done using a radial echoendoscope. RESULTS Twenty (50%) of the patients had biliary tract disease (cholelithiasis in 3, gallbladder sludge in 13, choledocholithiasis in 1 and common bile duct sludge in 3 patients). One each had an 8 mm tumor in the head of pancreas and pancreas divisum. No underlying cause could be found in 18 (45%) patients. Nine patients had features of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and the remaining had a normal pancreas. CONCLUSIONS Occult biliary pathology is the predominant cause of IAP. Half of the cases without identified etiology already had an underlying CP. EUS is a very important tool in evaluating IAP especially after an initial negative diagnostic workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Singh Rana
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India,
Correspondence to: Dr Surinder S. Rana, MD, DM, FASGE, Ass. Prof., Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012 India, Tel: +91 172 2749123, Fax: +91 172 2744401, e-mail: ,
| | - Deepak Kumar Bhasin
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Chalapathi Rao
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kartar Singh
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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