Intramuscular hemangioma in lip treated with sclerotherapy and surgery

Pronator Quadratus Hemangioma (PQH): A Rare Case Report and Review

The intramuscular hemangioma is a rare clinical entity in the upper extremity. Pronator quadratus hemangioma poses a considerable morbidity in the functional quality of life of an individual. MRI remains the gold standard modality in diagnosing this rare entity. Additionally, histopathological examination of the lesion corroborates for the same. PQH follows an individualized protocol in the management of the tumour. A 35-year-old female presented with pain over her right wrist from past 1 year which was dull aching, non-radiating, localised to the palmar aspect of distal 1/3rd of the right forearm. There was no history of trauma or infection over the right wrist. Swelling was present over the palmar aspect of distal 1/3rd of right forearm, which was non-pulsatile, non-fluctuant, non-transilluminant, non-compressible, non-reducible and skin over the swelling was pinchable. The movements of the right wrist were painful and restricted. There was no distal neurovascular deficit. The MRI of her right wrist and hand suggested the presence of low flow vascular malformation within pronator quadratus muscle. The patient underwent excision biopsy of pronator quadratus in toto without any neurological complications. No recurrence was noted in the follow-up period for 12 months. The pronator quadratus hemangioma is a rare clinical entity where the natural course of disease and pathophysiology remains controversial. MRI serves as the gold standard in the diagnosis of intramuscular hemangioma. The management of such tumour has to be individualized based on the functional needs of the patient. The natural course of the disease has to be elicited to decrease the morbidity and enhance the functional quality of life of the patient.

Aggressive intramuscular hemangiomas in the upper extremity: A case report

INTRODUCTION

Intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) is a rare congenital soft tissue tumor. Here, we report a case of IMH patient who had undergone several surgeries and other treatments that were all ineffective before he visited us.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

This IMH patient was a 16-yearold male who was born with a tumor of unknown size in his right hand and forearm. On physical examination, the tumor and skin flap complex was seen with a size of 14 cm_12 cm in his right hand, and the multiple postoperative scars were shown on his right hand and forearm. The patient was not able to raise his right shoulder, and the ranges of motion of his right elbow, wrist, and finger were almost zero degrees.

INTERVENTIONS

Considering that the tumor had been surgically excised for several times and the multiple recurrences had affected adversely his daily life, an amputation of his right hand, forearm, and the part of his right arm was performed.

DIAGNOSES

The pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of IMH.

OUTCOMES

After the amputation surgery, the patient gained a functional recovery and the tumor did not recur during the 2 years after the surgery.

CONCLUSION

A treatment of choice should be personalized according to an IMH patient's overall situation. For an IMH patient like our case with a history of multiple tumor recurrences, we suggest that an amputation surgery should be performed as early as possible to avoid the repeated, but ineffective surgical excisions and the unnecessary sufferings.