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Janjua D, Thakur K, Aggarwal N, Chaudhary A, Yadav J, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Joshi U, Senrung A, Bharti AC. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104346. [PMID: 38608913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver. It is a target of many oncogenic viruses including HPV. How STAT3 influences HPV viral gene expression or gets affected by HPV is an area of active investigation. A better understanding of host-virus interaction will provide a prognostic and therapeutic window for CaCx control and management. In this comprehensive review, we delve into carcinogenic role of STAT3 in development of HPV-induced CaCx. With an emphasis on fascinating interplay between STAT3 and HPV genome, the review explores the diverse array of opportunities and challenges associated with this field to harness the prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3 in CaCx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.
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Wang J, Chang CY, Yang X, Zhou F, Liu J, Feng Z, Hu W. Leukemia inhibitory factor, a double-edged sword with therapeutic implications in human diseases. Mol Ther 2023; 31:331-343. [PMID: 36575793 PMCID: PMC9931620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily. LIF was initially discovered as a factor to induce the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells and thus inhibit their proliferation. Subsequent studies have highlighted the multi-functions of LIF under a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions in a highly cell-, tissue-, and context-dependent manner. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that LIF plays an essential role in the stem cell niche, where it maintains the homeostasis and regeneration of multiple somatic tissues, including intestine, neuron, and muscle. Further, LIF exerts a crucial regulatory role in immunity and functions as a protective factor against many immunopathological diseases, such as infection, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and graft-verse-host disease (GVHD). It is worth noting that while LIF displays a tumor-suppressive function in leukemia, recent studies have highlighted the oncogenic role of LIF in many types of solid tumors, further demonstrating the complexities and context-dependent effects of LIF. In this review, we summarize the recent insights into the roles and mechanisms of LIF in stem cell homeostasis and regeneration, immunity, and cancer, and discuss the potential therapeutic options for human diseases by modulating LIF levels and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Chun-Yuan Chang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Xue Yang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Fan Zhou
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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3
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Wang J, Wang K. New insights into Chlamydia pathogenesis: Role of leukemia inhibitory factor. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1029178. [PMID: 36329823 PMCID: PMC9623337 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Since the symptoms of Ct infection are often subtle or absent, most people are unaware of their infection until they are tested or develop severe complications such as infertility. It is believed that the primary culprit of Ct-associated tissue damage is unresolved chronic inflammation, resulting in aberrant production of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as dysregulated tissue influx of innate and adaptive immune cells. A member of the IL-6 cytokine family, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is one of the cytokines induced by Ct infection but its role in Ct pathogenesis is unclear. In this article, we review the biology of LIF and LIF receptor (LIFR)-mediated signaling pathways, summarize the physiological role of LIF in the reproductive system, and discuss the impact of LIF in chronic inflammatory conditions and its implication in Ct pathogenesis. Under normal circumstances, LIF is produced to maintain epithelial homeostasis and tissue repair, including the aftermath of Ct infection. However, LIF/LIFR-mediated signaling – particularly prolonged strong signaling – can gradually transform the microenvironment of the fallopian tube by altering the fate of epithelial cells and the cellular composition of epithelium. This harmful transformation of epithelium may be a key process that leads to an enhanced risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy and cancer following Ct infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jun Wang,
| | - Katherine Wang
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Halder S, Parte S, Kshirsagar P, Muniyan S, Nair HB, Batra SK, Seshacharyulu P. The Pleiotropic role, functions and targeted therapies of LIF/LIFR axis in cancer: Old spectacles with new insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188737. [PMID: 35680099 PMCID: PMC9793423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its cognate receptor (LIFR) has been associated with multiple cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. LIF plays a significant tumor-promoting role in cancer, while LIFR functions as a tumor promoter and suppressor. Epithelial and stromal cells secrete LIF via autocrine and paracrine signaling mechanism(s) that bind with LIFR and subsequently with co-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130) to activate JAK/STAT1/3, PI3K/AKT, mTORC1/p70s6K, Hippo/YAP, and MAPK signaling pathways. Clinically, activating the LIF/LIFR axis is associated with poor survival and anti-cancer therapy resistance. This review article provides an overview of the structure and ligands of LIFR, LIF/LIFR signaling in developmental biology, stem cells, cancer stem cells, genetics and epigenetics of LIFR, LIFR regulation by long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs, and LIF/LIFR signaling in cancers. Finally, neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors preferentially blocking LIF interaction with LIFR and antagonists against LIFR under pre-clinical and early-phase pre-clinical trials were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Halder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Prakash Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | | | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, USA,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Corresponding authors at: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA. (S.K. Batra), (P. Seshacharyulu)
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, USA,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Corresponding authors at: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA. (S.K. Batra), (P. Seshacharyulu)
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Jorgensen MM, de la Puente P. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor: An Important Cytokine in Pathologies and Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020217. [PMID: 35204717 PMCID: PMC8961628 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a member of the IL-6 cytokine family and is expressed in almost every tissue type within the body. Although LIF was named for its ability to induce differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, studies of LIF in additional diseases and solid tumor types have shown that it has the potential to contribute to many other pathologies. Exploring the roles of LIF in normal physiology and non-cancer pathologies can give important insights into how it may be dysregulated within cancers, and the possible effects of this dysregulation. Within various cancer types, LIF expression has been linked to hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance, as well as overall patient survival. The mechanisms behind these effects of LIF are not well understood and can differ between different tissue types. In fact, research has shown that while LIF may promote malignancy progression in some solid tumors, it can have anti-neoplastic effects in others. This review will summarize current knowledge of how LIF expression impacts cellular function and dysfunction to help reveal new adjuvant treatment options for cancer patients, while also revealing potential adverse effects of treatments targeting LIF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Jorgensen
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- MD/PhD Program, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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6
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Christianson J, Oxford JT, Jorcyk CL. Emerging Perspectives on Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and its Receptor in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:693724. [PMID: 34395259 PMCID: PMC8358831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.693724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis and metastasis have deep connections to inflammation and inflammatory cytokines, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are poorly understood. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) and its receptor (LIFR), part of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family, make up one such ill-defined piece of the puzzle connecting inflammation to cancer. Although other members of the IL-6 family have been shown to be involved in the metastasis of multiple types of cancer, the role of LIF and LIFR has been challenging to determine. Described by others in the past as enigmatic and paradoxical, LIF and LIFR are expressed in a diverse array of cells in the body, and the narrative surrounding them in cancer-related processes has been vague, and at times even contradictory. Despite this, recent insights into their functional roles in cancer have highlighted interesting patterns that may allude to a broader understanding of LIF and LIFR within tumor growth and metastasis. This review will discuss in depth the signaling pathways activated by LIF and LIFR specifically in the context of cancer–the purpose being to summarize recent literature concerning the downstream effects of LIF/LIFR signaling in a variety of cancer-related circumstances in an effort to begin teasing out the intricate web of contradictions that have made this pair so challenging to define.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Christianson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Cheryl L Jorcyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
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7
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The emerging role of leukemia inhibitory factor in cancer and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107754. [PMID: 33259884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multi-functional cytokine of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily. Initially identified as a factor that inhibits the proliferation of murine myeloid leukemia cells, LIF displays a wide variety of important functions in a cell-, tissue- and context-dependent manner in many physiological and pathological processes, including regulating cell proliferation, pluripotent stem cell self-renewal, tissue/organ development and regeneration, neurogenesis and neural regeneration, maternal reproduction, inflammation, infection, immune response, and metabolism. Emerging evidence has shown that LIF plays an important but complex role in human cancers; while LIF displays a tumor suppressive function in some types of cancers, including leukemia, LIF is overexpressed and exerts an oncogenic function in many more types of cancers. Further, targeting LIF has been actively investigated as a novel strategy for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the recent advances in the studies on LIF in human cancers and its potential application in cancer therapy. A better understanding of the role of LIF in different types of cancers and its underlying mechanisms will help to develop more effective strategies for cancer therapy.
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Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) Inhibits Cancer Stem Cells Tumorigenic Properties through Hippo Kinases Activation in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082011. [PMID: 32707998 PMCID: PMC7464447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) present chemo-resistance mechanisms contributing to tumour maintenance and recurrence, making their targeting of utmost importance in gastric cancer (GC) therapy. The Hippo pathway has been implicated in gastric CSC properties and was shown to be regulated by leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) and its ligand LIF in breast cancer. This study aimed to determine LIF’s effect on CSC properties in GC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells, which remains unexplored. LIF’s treatment effect on CSC markers expression and tumoursphere formation was evaluated. The Hippo kinase inhibitor XMU-MP-1 and/or the JAK1 inhibitor Ruxolitinib were used to determine Hippo and canonical JAK/STAT pathway involvement in gastric CSCs’ response to LIF. Results indicate that LIF decreased tumorigenic and chemo-resistant CSCs, in both GC cell lines and PDX cells. In addition, LIF increased activation of LATS1/2 Hippo kinases, thereby decreasing downstream YAP/TAZ nuclear accumulation and TEAD transcriptional activity. LIF’s anti-CSC effect was reversed by XMU-MP-1 but not by Ruxolitinib treatment, highlighting the opposite effects of these two pathways downstream LIFR. In conclusion, LIF displays anti-CSC properties in GC, through Hippo kinases activation, and could in fine constitute a new CSCs-targeting strategy to help decrease relapse cases and bad prognosis in GC.
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Liu SC, Hsu T, Chang YS, Chung AK, Jiang SS, OuYang CN, Yuh CH, Hsueh C, Liu YP, Tsang NM. Cytoplasmic LIF reprograms invasive mode to enhance NPC dissemination through modulating YAP1-FAK/PXN signaling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5105. [PMID: 30504771 PMCID: PMC6269507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains a clinically unsolved issue in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Here, we report that higher levels of cytoplasmic leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and LIF receptor are correlated with poorer metastasis/recurrence-free survival. Further, single nucleotide variations and signal peptide mutation of LIF are identified in NPC. Cytoplasmic LIF reprograms the invasive mode from collective to mesenchymal migration via acquisition of EMT and invadopodia-associated characteristics. Higher cytoplasmic LIF enhances cancer vascular dissemination and local invasion mechanistically through modulation of YAP1-FAK/PXN signaling. Immunohistochemical analyses of NPC biopsies reveal a positive correlation of cytoplasmic LIF expression with focal adhesion kinases. Pharmaceutical intervention with AZD0530 markedly reverses LIF-mediated cancer dissemination and local invasion through promotion of cytoplasmic accumulation of YAP1 and suppression of focal adhesion kinases. Given the significant role of LIF/YAP1-focal adhesion signaling in cancer dissemination, targeting of this pathway presents a promising opportunity to block metastasis. Molecular pathways regulating nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis are unclear. Here they report higher levels of cytoplasmic leukemia inhibitory factor (cLIF) and LIF receptor (LIFR) to correlate with higher metastasis in NPC patients, and show cLIF to promote NPC metastasis and vascular dissemination via the YAP1-FAK/PXN axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, 300, Zhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist., 32001, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Tien Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, 300, Zhongda Rd., Jhongli Dist., 32001, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., 33302, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - An-Ko Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., 33302, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan, 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan OuYang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., 33302, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan, 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou, 5 Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- Pathology Core of the Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University at Lin-Kou, 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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Xu G, Wang H, Li W, Xue Z, Luo Q. Leukemia inhibitory factor inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer by inducing G1‐phase arrest. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3613-3620. [PMID: 30565675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Xu
- Department of Endoscopy Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Zengfu Xue
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
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Leukaemia inhibitory factor is associated with treatment resistance in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33634-33647. [PMID: 30263091 PMCID: PMC6154751 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is an aggressive disease with a poor 5 year survival rate of <20% of diagnosed patients. Unfortunately, only 20-30% Oesophageal Adenocarinoma (OAC) patients show a beneficial response to neoadjuvant therapy (neoCT). Inflammation influences OAC given the increased risk of cancer development and poor outcome for obese patients where altered secretion of adipokines and cytokines from adipose tissue contributes a pro-tumourigenic environment. We carried out a large proteomics screen of 184 proteins to compare the inflammatory and oncogenic profiles of an isogenic radioresistant in-vitro model of OAC. We found that leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), an IL-6 type cytokine, was significantly elevated in radioresistant OAC cells (p=0.007). Furthermore, significantly higher circulating levels of LIF were present in the serum from treatment-naive OAC patients who had a subsequent poor pathological response to neo-adjuvant therapy, (p=0.037). Quantitative PCR analysis revealed expression of LIF receptor (LIFR) may function as a predictive indicator of response to neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy in OAC. LIF was demonstrated to be actively secreted from human OAC treatment-naïve biopsies and significantly correlated with the secretion of bFGF, VEGF-A and IL-8 (p<0.05, R=1), (p<0.05, R=0.9429), and (p<0.05, R=1) respectively. Importantly, LIF secretion negatively correlated with tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in pre-treatment OAC patient biopsies, (r=-0.8783, p=0.033). Elevated circulating LIF is a marker of poor response to neo-adjuvant treatment in OAC and secretion of this chemokine from the tumour is tightly linked with pro-tumourigenic mediators including bFGF, VEGF-A and IL-8. Targeting this pathway may be a novel mechanism enhance neoadjuvant treatment responses in OAC.
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Examination of pathways involved in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-induced cell growth arrest using label-free proteomics approach. J Proteomics 2017; 168:37-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu B, Lu Y, Li J, Liu Y, Liu J, Wang W. Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes tumor growth and metastasis in human osteosarcoma via activating STAT3. APMIS 2015; 123:837-46. [PMID: 26271643 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been demonstrated to be an oncogene and participated in multiple procedures during the initiation and progression of many human malignancies. However, the role of LIF in osteosarcoma is still largely unknown. Here, we performed a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the expression and biological functions of LIF in osteosarcoma. Compared to that in the non-cancerous tissues, LIF was significantly overexpressed in a panel of 68 osteosarcoma samples (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the overexpression of LIF was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage, larger tumor size, and shorter overall survival. In addition, knockdown of LIF notably suppressed the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma via blocking the STAT3 signal pathway; in contrast, treatment with the recombinant LIF protein significantly promoted the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma through enhancing the phosphorylation of STAT3, which can be partially neutralized by the STAT3 inhibitor, HO-3867. In conclusion, we demonstrated that LIF was frequently overexpressed in osteosarcoma, which could promote the growth and invasion through activating the STAT3 pathway. Our findings proposed that LIF might be a potent therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Linqing City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinzhi Li
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and Wuxi 4th People's Hospital, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li X, Yang Q, Yu H, Wu L, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Yue X, Liu Z, Wu H, Haffty BG, Feng Z, Hu W. LIF promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer through the AKT-mTOR pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:788-801. [PMID: 24553191 PMCID: PMC3996668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multi-functional cytokine protein. The role of LIF in tumorigenesis is not well-understood. Here, we found that LIF promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. LIF promotes cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells in vitro, and the growth of xenograft breast tumors in vivo. LIF also promotes invasion and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. We found that LIF activates the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. Inhibiting the AKT activity can largely block the activation of the mTOR pathway by LIF, suggesting that LIF activates the mTOR pathway through AKT. Inhibiting the AKT activity as well as inhibiting the mTOR activity largely block the promoting effect of LIF on tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, overexpression of LIF is significantly associated with a poorer relapse free survival in breast cancer patients. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that LIF plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer, and could be an important prognostic marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Taniguchi K, Karin M. IL-6 and related cytokines as the critical lynchpins between inflammation and cancer. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:54-74. [PMID: 24552665 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play pivotal roles in cancer development, including tumor initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Cytokines are now recognized as important mediators linking inflammation and cancer, and are therefore potential therapeutic and preventive targets as well as prognostic factors. The interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-11, is highly up-regulated in many cancers and considered as one of the most important cytokine families during tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review discusses molecular mechanisms linking the IL-6 cytokine family to solid malignancies and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Liu SC, Tsang NM, Chiang WC, Chang KP, Hsueh C, Liang Y, Juang JL, Chow KPN, Chang YS. Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and radioresistance. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5269-83. [PMID: 24270418 DOI: 10.1172/jci63428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with poor prognosis for patients with this form of cancer. Here, we found that NPC patients had increased serum levels of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and that higher LIF levels correlated with local tumor recurrence. Furthermore, in vitro studies with NPC cells and in vivo xenograft mouse studies demonstrated that LIF critically contributes to NPC tumor growth and radioresistance. Using these model systems, we found that LIF treatment activated the mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway, enhanced tumor growth, inhibited DNA damage responses, and enhanced radioresistance. Treatment with either soluble LIF receptor (sLIFR), a LIF antagonist, or the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reversed LIF-mediated effects, resulting in growth arrest and increased sensitivity to γ irradiation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of human NPC biopsies revealed that LIF and LIFR were overexpressed in tumor cells and that LIF expression correlated with the presence of the activated p-p70S6K. Finally, we found that the EBV-encoded protein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) enhances LIF production. Together, our findings indicate that LIF promotes NPC tumorigenesis and suggest that serum LIF levels may predict local recurrence and radiosensitivity in NPC patients.
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