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Dietary Antioxidants and Lung Cancer Risk in Smokers and Non-Smokers. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122501. [PMID: 36554027 PMCID: PMC9778085 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is considered a major risk factor in the development of lung diseases worldwide. Active smoking and secondhand (passive) smoke (SHS) are related to lung cancer (LC) risk. Oxidative stress (OS) and/or lipid peroxidation (LP) induced by cigarette smoke (CS) are found to be involved in the pathogenesis of LC. Meta-analyses and other case-control/prospective cohort studies are inconclusive and have yielded inconsistent results concerning the protective role of dietary vitamins C and E, retinol, and iron intake against LC risk in smokers and/or non-smokers. Furthermore, the role of vitamins and minerals as antioxidants with the potential in protecting LC cells against CS-induced OS in smokers and non-smokers has not been fully elucidated. Thus, this review aims to summarize the available evidence reporting the relationships between dietary antioxidant intake and LC risk in smokers and non-smokers that may be used to provide suggestions for future research.
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Okrit F, Chantranuwatana P, Werawatganon D, Chayanupatkul M, Sanguanrungsirikul S. Changes of vitamin D receptors (VDR) and MAPK activation in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions following exposure to cigarette smoke with or without filter in rats. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05927. [PMID: 33553726 PMCID: PMC7851787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major cause of obstructive lung disease which is associated with significant disability and mortality. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) together with, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs; ERK, JNK and p38) are the cellular transmission signals that mechanistically respond to CS and are recently found to have a role in lung pathogenesis. There are a few in vitro studies on subcellular VDR distribution involved MAPK but in vivo effects of cigarette smoke exposure with and without filter on this complex remain unclear. This study investigated subcellular VDR distribution and MAPK expression at early stages of both types of cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) in a rat model. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into no-filter, filter and control groups. After 7 and 14 days of CSE, lung tissues were obtained to determine histopathology and protein expression. Cytoplasmic and nuclear VDR distribution significantly decreased on both CSE groups and corresponded with immunohistochemistry detection. The ratio of phosphorylated ERK to total ERK significantly increased in cytoplasm of both CSE on day 7. In particular, nuclear ERK MAPK significantly escalated in the filter group on day 14. In consistent with changes in intracellular markers, histopathological examination in both CSE groups showed significant increases in tracheal and peribronchiolar epithelial proliferation, alveolar macrophages and an increased trend of parenchymal infiltration. In summary, the evidence of lung injuries along with VDR depletion and MAPK activation observed in both CSE types indicated that there was no benefit of using cigarette filter to prevent protein damage or protect cells against cigarette smoke exposure in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatist Okrit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Chayanupatkul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Agraval H, Yadav UCS. MMP-2 and MMP-9 mediate cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in airway epithelial cells via EGFR/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway: Amelioration by fisetin. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108846. [PMID: 31606474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in EMT but their role in the regulation of cigarette smoke-induced EMT in airway epithelium is not clear. We have therefore investigated the potential role of MMP-2 and -9 in cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced EMT using A549 lung epithelial cells and human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). The cells were treated with different concentration of CSE, and MTT and trypan blue assays, acridine orange-ethidium bromide assay, gelatin zymography, Western blotting, immunofluorescence studies, Boyden-chamber assay, wound healing assay and air-liquid interface (ALI) culture were used to assess different cellular and molecular changes associated with EMT. The results depict that CSE increased the cytotoxicity along with a concurrent increase in the expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9. CSE further altered EMT markers like E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and the molecular modulators of EMT such as β-catenin and pGSK-3β. Further, CSE also upregulated EGFR, AKT, and ERK1/2 in airway epithelial cells. SB-3CT, a known inhibitor of MMP-2 and -9, altered and reversed the expression of markers of EMT and kinases, validating the role of MMP-2 and -9 in CSE-induced EMT. Fisetin, a plant-derived bioflavonoid, also reversed the expression of EMT markers and molecular regulators in a similar fashion as SB-3CT. In summary, this study highlights the role of MMP-2 and -9 in CSE-induced EMT and curate its molecular cascade through EGFR/AKT/ERK/β-catenin axis, which could be restored by MMP-2 and -9 inhibitor and fisetin. Fisetin is hitherto unknown to modulate CSE-induced MMPs activity in airway epithelial cells, and our study suggests its potential role as a therapeutic approach in CSE-induced EMT in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Agraval
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector 30, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector 30, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Ganguly S, Chandra A, Chatterjee IB. Pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced invasive cancer of the renal pelvis and its prevention by vitamin C. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:1002-1010. [PMID: 30338226 PMCID: PMC6186955 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cancer of the renal pelvis (CRP) is predominantly associated with cigarette smoking. However, the molecular pathogenesis of initiation and progression of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced CRP is unknown. Majority of CRP is high grade and high stage at presentation and has a high recurrence rate even after surgery. Earlier we reported that prolonged treatment (24 weeks) of a guinea pig model with p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), a product of CS in vivo, produced carcinoma in situ in the renal pelvis, a noninvasive cancer. Since CS is known to induce invasive cancer, we investigated the effect of CS exposure to the guinea pigs. We observed that CS exposure for a short period (18 weeks) produced invasive tumor (pT1). pT1 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry showing increased immunoexpression of nuclear p53 indicating p53 mutation, aberrant CK20, increased Ki-67 and uniformly negative labeling of CD44. As observed earlier with p-BQ treatment, the initial events of CS exposure were oxidative damage and apoptosis that was followed by persistent signaling through EGFR and MAP kinase pathway. CS exposure also caused hyperphosphorylation of pRb, activation of cyclin E and cell cycle deregulation leading to infiltration of epithelial cells in lamina propria of the renal pelvis resulting in pT1 tumor. Oral supplementation of vitamin C (30 mg/kg guinea pig/day) inhibited oxidative damage and apoptosis and holistically prevented the tumor formation. We consider that our preclinical findings on the intake of adequate vitamin C, along with intense advice for cessation of smoking, will be helpful for the prevention of CS-induced CRP in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Ayan Chandra
- Department of Statistics, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 700016, India
| | - Indu B Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata, 700019, India
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Clark NM, Garcia Galindo CA, Patel VK, Parry ML, Stoll RJ, Yavorski JM, Pinkason EP, Johnson EM, Walker CM, Johnson J, Sexton WJ, Coppola D, Blanck G. The human, F-actin-based cytoskeleton as a mutagen sensor. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:121. [PMID: 29255378 PMCID: PMC5727871 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forty years ago the actin cytoskeleton was determined to be disrupted in fibroblasts from persons with DNA repair-defective, hereditary colon cancer, with no clear connection between the cytoskeleton and DNA repair defects at that time. Recently, the large number of sequenced genomes has indicated that mammalian mutagenesis has a large stochastic component. As a result, large coding regions are large mutagen targets. Cytoskeletal protein-related coding regions (CPCRs), including extra-cellular matrix proteins, are among the largest coding regions in the genome and are indeed very commonly mutated in cancer. Methods To determine whether mutagen sensitivity of the actin cytoskeleton could be assessed experimentally, we treated tissue culture cells with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and quantified overall cytoskeleton integrity with rhodamine-phalloidin stains for F-actin. Results The above approach indicated cytoskeletal degradation with increasing mutagen exposure, consistent with increased mutagenesis of CPCRs in TCGA, smoker samples, where overall mutation rates correlate with CPCR mutation rates (R2 = 0.8694; p < 0.00001). In addition, mutagen exposure correlated with a decreasing cell perimeter to area ratio, raising questions about potential decreasing, intracellular diffusion and concentrations of chemotherapy drugs, with increasing mutagenesis and decreasing cytoskeleton integrity. Conclusion Determination of cytoskeletal integrity may provide the opportunity to assess mutation burdens in nonclonal cell populations, such as in intact tissues, where DNA sequencing for heterogeneous mutation burdens can be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette M Clark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA
| | - Carlos A Garcia Galindo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA
| | - Vandan K Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA
| | - Michele L Parry
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA
| | - Rebecca J Stoll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA
| | - John M Yavorski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA
| | - Elizabeth P Pinkason
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA
| | - Edna M Johnson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA
| | - Chelsea M Walker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA
| | - Joseph Johnson
- Analytical Microscopy Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Wade J Sexton
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Bd., Tampa, FL 12901 USA.,Analytical Microscopy Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA.,Immunology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL USA
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Ganguly S, Chandra A, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chatterjee IB. p-Benzoquinone initiates non-invasive urothelial cancer through aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR, MAP kinase activation and cell cycle deregulation: Prevention by vitamin C. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:296-305. [PMID: 28959653 PMCID: PMC5615141 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Benzoquinone induces non-invasive urothelial carcinoma in a guinea pig model. The mechanisms involved are persistent growth signaling and cell cycle deregulation. Vitamin C prevents p-benzoquinone-induced non-invasive urothelial carcinoma.
According to WHO classification system, non-invasive urothelial carcinoma represents urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) and dysplasia. Dysplastic urothelium often progresses to CIS that further advances to urothelial carcinoma (UC). The strongest risk factor for UC is cigarette smoking. However, the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced UC is poorly understood. Earlier we had shown that p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), a major toxic quinone derived from p-benzosemiquinone of CS in vivo, is a causative factor for various CS-induced diseases. Here, using a guinea pig model we showed that prolonged treatment with p-BQ led to non-invasive UC, specifically carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the renal pelvis and dysplasia in the ureter and bladder. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis were p-BQ-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis that were later suppressed and followed by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor, aberrant phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues, activation of MAP kinase pathway and persistent growth signaling. This was accompanied by deregulation of cell cycle as shown by marked decrease in the expression of p21waf1/cip1 and cyclin D1 proteins as well as hyperphosphorylation of pRb. UC has been characterised by histopathology and immunohistochemistry showing aberrant CK20, increased Ki-67, and marked p53 nuclear immunopositivity with uniformly negative labelling of CD44. Oral supplementation of vitamin C (30 mg/kg body weight/day) prevented CIS of the renal pelvis and dysplasia in the ureter and bladder. Since majority of non-invasive UC progresses to invasive cancer with increased risk of mortality, our preclinical study might help to devise effective strategies for early intervention of the disease.
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Key Words
- Aberrant EGFR activation
- Bax, BCL2-associated X protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CIS, carcinoma in situ
- CS, cigarette smoke
- Carcinoma in situ
- Cell cycle deregulation
- DNPH, 2 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
- Dysplasia
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase
- PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDS PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
- UC, urothelial carcinoma
- Vitamin C
- WHO, World Health Organization
- p-BQ, p-benzoquinone
- p-BSQ, p-benzosemiquinone
- p-Benzoquinone
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Ayan Chandra
- Department of Statistics, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Dhruba J Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Indu B Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
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Liu X, Yang T, Sun T, Shao K. SIRT1‑mediated regulation of oxidative stress induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides in human alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:813-818. [PMID: 28000862 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+‑dependent deacetylase that exhibits multiple biological functions, including cell differentiation inhibition, transcription regulation, cell cycle regulation and anti‑apoptosis. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial virulence factors produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and serve an important role in adjusting the interactions between the host and the pathogen. However, the effect of SIRT1 in the regulation of LPS‑induced A459 human alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) oxidative stress remains unclear. The cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined in A549 cells that were supplemented with LPS. Relative cell signaling pathway proteins were further investigated by western blot analysis. It was identified that LPS downregulated SIRT1 expression, however, upregulated ROS generation, which was associated with the increase of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and acetyl‑NF‑κB. Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol significantly reversed the effects of LPS on A549 cells. By contrast, inhibition of SIRT1 by nicotinamide had the opposite effects that enhance cell ROS production. Thus, the results indicated that SIRT1 serves an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress induced by LPS in human AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Tieying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Kuiqing Shao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Mitra A, Muralidharan M, Roy B, Banerjee R, Mandal AK, Chatterjee IB. Interaction of p-benzoquinone with hemoglobin in smoker's blood causes alteration of structure and loss of oxygen binding capacity. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:295-305. [PMID: 28959550 PMCID: PMC5615826 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is an important source of morbidity and early mortality worldwide. Besides causing various life-threatening diseases, CS is also known to cause hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia would induce early aging and premature death. Continuation of smoking during pregnancy is a known risk for the unborn child. Although carbon monoxide (CO) is considered to be a cause of hypoxia, the effect of other component(s) of CS on hypoxia is not known. Here we show by immunoblots and mass spectra analyses that in smoker's blood p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) derived from CS forms covalent adducts with cysteine 93 residues in both the β chains of hemoglobin (Hb) producing Hb-p-BQ adducts. UV-vis spectra and CD spectra analyses show that upon complexation with p-BQ the structure of Hb is altered. Compared to nonsmoker's Hb, the content of α-helix decreased significantly in smoker's Hb (p = 0.0224). p-BQ also induces aggregation of smoker's Hb as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE, dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. Alteration of Hb structure in smoker's blood is accompanied by reduced oxygen binding capacity. Our results provide the first proof that p-BQ is a cause of hypoxia in smokers. We also show that although both p-BQ and CO are responsible for causing hypoxia in smokers, exposure to CO further affects the function over and above that produced by Hb-p-BQ adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Amrita Mitra
- Clinical Proteomics Unit, Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, 100 ft Road, Koramangala, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Monita Muralidharan
- Clinical Proteomics Unit, Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, 100 ft Road, Koramangala, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Bappaditya Roy
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Rajat Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Clinical Proteomics Unit, Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John’s Research Institute, 100 ft Road, Koramangala, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Indu B. Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
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Das A, Dey N, Ghosh A, Das S, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chatterjee IB. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cigarette smoke-induced myocardial injury: prevention by vitamin C. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44151. [PMID: 22970172 PMCID: PMC3435405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the major killers in modern society. One strong risk factor of CVD is cigarette smoking that causes myocardial injury and leads to the genesis of pathological cardiovascular events. However, the exact toxic component(s) of cigarette smoke (CS) and its molecular and cellular mechanisms for causing myocardial injury leading to heart damage and its prevention are largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using a guinea pig model, here we show that chronic exposure to CS produces myocardial injury that is prevented by vitamin C. Male guinea pigs were fed either vitamin C-deficient (0.5 mg/day) or vitamin C-sufficient (15 mg/day) diet and subjected to CS exposure from 5 Kentucky Research cigarettes (3R4F)/day (6 days/week) in a smoke chamber up to 8 weeks. Pair-fed sham controls were subjected to air exposure instead of CS exposure under similar conditions. Myocardial injury was produced in CS-exposed marginal vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs as evidenced by release of cardiac Troponin-T and I in the serum, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, thrombosis and collagen deposition in the myocardium. Treatment of rat cardiomyocyte cells (H9c2) in vitro and guinea pigs in vivo with p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) in amounts derived from CS revealed that p-BQ was a major factor responsible for CS-induced myocardial damage. A moderately large dose of vitamin C (15 mg/day) prevented CS/p-BQ-induced myocardial injury. Population based studies indicated that plasma vitamin C levels of smokers without disease were significantly lower (p = 0,0000) than that of non-smokers. Vitamin C levels of CS-related cardiovascular patients were further lower (p = 0.0000) than that of smokers without disease. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results indicate that dietary supplementation of vitamin C may be a novel and simple therapy for the prevention of pathological cardiovascular events in habitual smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Neekkan Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Dhruba J. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Indu B. Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata, India
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Xu GN, Yang K, Xu ZP, Zhu L, Hou LN, Qi H, Chen HZ, Cui YY. Protective effects of anisodamine on cigarette smoke extract-induced airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and tracheal contractility. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 262:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cigarette smoke induces p-benzoquinone–albumin adduct in blood serum: Implications on structure and ligand binding properties. Toxicology 2012; 292:78-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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