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Buchan JR. Stress granule and P-body clearance: Seeking coherence in acts of disappearance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 159-160:10-26. [PMID: 38278052 PMCID: PMC10939798 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Stress granules and P-bodies are conserved cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates whose assembly and composition are well documented, but whose clearance mechanisms remain controversial or poorly described. Such understanding could provide new insight into how cells regulate biomolecular condensate formation and function, and identify therapeutic strategies in disease states where aberrant persistence of stress granules in particular is implicated. Here, I review and compare the contributions of chaperones, the cytoskeleton, post-translational modifications, RNA helicases, granulophagy and the proteasome to stress granule and P-body clearance. Additionally, I highlight the potentially vital role of RNA regulation, cellular energy, and changes in the interaction networks of stress granules and P-bodies as means of eliciting clearance. Finally, I discuss evidence for interplay of distinct clearance mechanisms, suggest future experimental directions, and suggest a simple working model of stress granule clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ross Buchan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85716, United States.
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2
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Hu S, Zhang Y, Yi Q, Yang C, Liu Y, Bai Y. Time-resolved proteomic profiling reveals compositional and functional transitions across the stress granule life cycle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7782. [PMID: 38012130 PMCID: PMC10682001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic, membrane-less organelles. With their formation and disassembly processes characterized, it remains elusive how compositional transitions are coordinated during prolonged stress to meet changing functional needs. Here, using time-resolved proteomic profiling of the acute to prolonged heat-shock SG life cycle, we identify dynamic SG proteins, further segregated into early and late proteins. Comparison of different groups of SG proteins suggests that their biochemical properties help coordinate SG compositional and functional transitions. In particular, early proteins, with high phase-separation-propensity, drive the rapid formation of the initial SG platform, while late proteins are subsequently recruited as discrete modules to further functionalize SGs. This model, supported by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence imaging, provides a conceptual framework for the compositional transitions throughout the acute to prolonged SG life cycle. Additionally, an early SG constituent, non-muscle myosin II, is shown to promote SG formation by increasing SG fusion, underscoring the strength of this dataset in revealing the complexity of SG regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiwei Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Biomacromolecules and Its Roles in Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193023. [PMID: 36230986 PMCID: PMC9562192 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) compartmentalizes and concentrates biomacromolecules into liquid-like condensates, which underlies membraneless organelles (MLOs) formation in eukaryotic cells. With increasing evidence of the LLPS concept and methods, this phenomenon as a novel principle accounts for explaining the precise spatial and temporal regulation of cellular functions. Moreover, the phenomenon that LLPS tends to concentrate proteins is often accompanied by several abnormal signals for human diseases. It is reported that multiple metabolic diseases are strongly associated with the deposition of insoluble proteinaceous aggregating termed amyloids. At present, recent studies have observed the roles of LLPS in several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and metabolic bone diseases (MBDs). This review aims to expound on the current concept and methods of LLPS and summarize its vital roles in T2DM, AD, and MBDs, uncover novel mechanisms of these metabolic diseases, and thus provide powerful potential therapeutic strategies and targets for ameliorating these metabolic diseases.
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4
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Schwed-Gross A, Hamiel H, Faber GP, Angel M, Ben-Yishay R, Benichou JIC, Ishay-Ronen D, Shav-Tal Y. Glucocorticoids enhance chemotherapy-driven stress granule assembly and impair granule dynamics leading to cell death. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276097. [PMID: 35713120 PMCID: PMC9450892 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) can assemble in cancer cells upon chemotoxic stress. Glucocorticoids function during stress responses and are administered with chemotherapies. The roles of glucocorticoids in SG assembly and disassembly pathways are unknown. We examined whether combining glucocorticoids such as cortisone with chemotherapies from the vinca alkaloid family, which dismantle the microtubule network, affects SG assembly and disassembly pathways and influences cell viability in cancer cells and human-derived organoids. Cortisone augmented SG formation when combined with vinorelbine (VRB). Live-cell imaging showed that cortisone increased SG assembly rates but reduced SG clearance rates after stress, by increasing protein residence times within the SGs. Mechanistically, VRB and cortisone signaled through the integrated stress response mediated by eIF2α (also known as EIF2S1), yet induced different kinases, with cortisone activating the GCN2 kinase (also known as EIF2AK4). Cortisone increased VRB-induced cell death and reduced the population of cells trapped in mitotic catastrophe. These effects were mediated by the core SG proteins G3BP1 and G3BP2. In conclusion, glucocorticoids induce SG assembly and cell death when administered with chemotherapies, suggesting that combining glucocorticoids with chemotherapies can enhance cancer cell chemosensitivity. Summary: Combining cortisone with the chemotherapy vinorelbine enhances the assembly of stress granules that are less likely to be cleared from the cells, augmenting vinorelbine-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Schwed-Gross
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences & Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hila Hamiel
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences & Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Gabriel P Faber
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences & Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Mor Angel
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences & Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Rakefet Ben-Yishay
- Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jennifer I C Benichou
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences & Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dana Ishay-Ronen
- Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yaron Shav-Tal
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences & Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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5
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Hyperosmotic Stress Induces a Specific Pattern for Stress Granule Formation in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8274936. [PMID: 34697543 PMCID: PMC8538399 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8274936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are assemblies of selective messenger RNAs (mRNAs), translation factors, and RNA-binding proteins in small untranslated messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes in the cytoplasm. Evidence indicates that different types of cells have shown different mechanisms to respond to stress and the formation of SGs. In the present work, we investigated how human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs/IMR90-1) overcome hyperosmotic stress compared to a cell line that does not harbor pluripotent characteristics (SH-SY5Y cell line). Gradient concentrations of NaCl showed a different pattern of SG formation between hiPSCs/IMR90-1 and the nonpluripotent cell line SH-SY5Y. Other pluripotent stem cell lines (hiPSCs/CRTD5 and hESCs/H9 (human embryonic stem cell line)) as well as nonpluripotent cell lines (BHK-21 and MCF-7) were used to confirm this phenomenon. Moreover, the formation of hyperosmotic SGs in hiPSCs/IMR90-1 was independent of eIF2α phosphorylation and was associated with low apoptosis levels. In addition, a comprehensive proteomics analysis was performed to identify proteins involved in regulating this specific pattern of hyperosmotic SG formation in hiPSCs/IMR90-1. We found possible implications of microtubule organization on the response to hyperosmotic stress in hiPSCs/IMR90-1. We have also unveiled a reduced expression of tubulin that may protect cells against hyperosmolarity stress while inhibiting SG formation without affecting stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Our observations may provide a possible cellular mechanism to better understand SG dynamics in pluripotent stem cells.
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Chatterjee D, Chakrabarti O. Role of stress granules in modulating senescence and promoting cancer progression: Special emphasis on glioma. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:551-561. [PMID: 34460104 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) contain mRNAs and proteins stalled in translation during stress; these are increasingly being implicated in diseases, including neurological disorders and cancer. The dysregulated assembly, persistence, disassembly and clearance of SGs contribute to the process of senescence. Senescence has long been a mysterious player in cellular physiology and associated diseases. The systemic process of aging has been pivotal in the development of various neurological disorders like age-related neuropathy, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Glioma is a cancer of neurological origin with a very poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence, SGs have only recently been implicated in its pathogenesis. Senescence has long been established to play an antitumorigenic role, however, relatively less studied is its protumorigenic importance. Here, we have evaluated the existing literature to assess the crosstalk of the two biological phenomena of senescence and SG formation in the context of tumorigenesis. In this review, we have attempted to analyze the contribution of senescence in regulating diverse cellular processes, like, senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), microtubular reorganization, telomeric alteration, autophagic clearance and how intricately these phenomena are tied with the formation of SGs. Finally, we propose that interplay between senescence, its contributing factors and the genesis of SGs can drive tumorigenicity of gliomas, which can potentially be utilized for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmita Chatterjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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7
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Escalante LE, Gasch AP. The role of stress-activated RNA-protein granules in surviving adversity. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:rna.078738.121. [PMID: 33931500 PMCID: PMC8208049 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078738.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe environmental stress can trigger a plethora of physiological changes and, in the process, significant cytoplasmic reorganization. Stress-activated RNA-protein granules have been implicated in this cellular overhaul by sequestering pre-existing mRNAs and influencing their fates during and after stress acclimation. While the composition and dynamics of stress-activated granule formation has been well studied, their function and impact on RNA-cargo has remained murky. Several recent studies challenge the view that these granules degrade and silence mRNAs present at the onset of stress and instead suggest new roles for these structures in mRNA storage, transit, and inheritance. Here we discuss recent evidence for revised models of stress-activated granule functions and the role of these granules in stress survival and recovery.
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8
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Novel tankyrase inhibitors suppress TDP-43 aggregate formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 537:85-92. [PMID: 33387887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) abnormally forms aggregates in certain subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The pathological forms of TDP-43 have reported to be associated with poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), which regulates the properties of these aggregates. A recent study has indicated that tankyrase, a member of the PAR polymerase (PARP) family, regulates pathological TDP-43 formation under conditions of stress, and tankyrase inhibitors suppress TDP-43 aggregate formation and cytotoxicity. Since we reported the development of tankyrase inhibitors that are more specific than conventional inhibitors, in this study, we examined their effects on the formation of TDP-43 aggregates in cultured cells. Time-lapse imaging showed that TDP-43 aggregates appeared in the nucleus within 30 min of treatment with sodium arsenite. Several tankyrase inhibitors suppressed the formation of aggregates and decreased the levels of the tankyrase protein. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that tankyrase was localized to neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the spinal cords of patients with ALS. Moreover, the tankyrase protein levels were significantly higher in the brains of patients with FTLD than in the brains of control subjects. These findings suggest that the inhibition of tankyrase activity protects against TDP-43 toxicity. Tankyrase inhibitors may be a potential treatment to suppress the progression of TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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9
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Franchini DM, Lanvin O, Tosolini M, Patras de Campaigno E, Cammas A, Péricart S, Scarlata CM, Lebras M, Rossi C, Ligat L, Pont F, Arimondo PB, Laurent C, Ayyoub M, Despas F, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Millevoi S, Fournié JJ. Microtubule-Driven Stress Granule Dynamics Regulate Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Expression in T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 26:94-107.e7. [PMID: 30605689 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of blocking inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in cancer, the mechanisms controlling the expression of these receptors have not been fully elucidated. Here, we identify a post-transcriptional mechanism regulating PD-1 expression in T cells. Upon activation, the PDCD1 mRNA and ribonucleoprotein complexes coalesce into stress granules that require microtubules and the kinesin 1 molecular motor to proceed to translation. Hence, PD-1 expression is highly sensitive to microtubule or stress granule inhibitors targeting this pathway. Evidence from healthy donors and cancer patients reveals a common regulation for the translation of CTLA4, LAG3, TIM3, TIGIT, and BTLA but not of the stimulatory co-receptors OX40, GITR, and 4-1BB mRNAs. In patients, disproportionality analysis of immune-related adverse events for currently used microtubule drugs unveils a significantly higher risk of autoimmunity. Our findings reveal a fundamental mechanism of immunoregulation with great importance in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Marc Franchini
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; ERL 5294, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut Carnot Lymphome CALYM, 69495 Pierre-Benite, France.
| | - Olivia Lanvin
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; ERL 5294, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut Carnot Lymphome CALYM, 69495 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; ERL 5294, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut Carnot Lymphome CALYM, 69495 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Emilie Patras de Campaigno
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CHU Toulouse University Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France; Medical and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Unit, INSERM 1027, 31000 Toulouse, France; Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Cammas
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Péricart
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; ERL 5294, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut Carnot Lymphome CALYM, 69495 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Clara-Maria Scarlata
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Morgane Lebras
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Rossi
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; ERL 5294, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut Carnot Lymphome CALYM, 69495 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Fréderic Pont
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, 31059 Toulouse, France; Epigenetic Targeting of Cancer, FRE3600 CNRS, 31035 Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; ERL 5294, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut Carnot Lymphome CALYM, 69495 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Despas
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CHU Toulouse University Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France; Medical and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Unit, INSERM 1027, 31000 Toulouse, France; Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CHU Toulouse University Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France; Medical and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Unit, INSERM 1027, 31000 Toulouse, France; Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Stefania Millevoi
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31330 Toulouse, France; ERL 5294, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31100 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "TOUCAN," Toulouse, France; Programme Hospitalo-Universitaire en Cancérologie CAPTOR, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut Carnot Lymphome CALYM, 69495 Pierre-Benite, France.
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10
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Robles-Luna G, Furman N, Barbarich MF, Carlotto N, Attorresi A, García ML, Kobayashi K. Interplay between potato virus X and RNA granules in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus Res 2020; 276:197823. [PMID: 31765690 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic RNA granules consist of microscopic agglomerates of mRNAs and proteins and occur when the translation is reversibly and temporally halted (stress granules, SGs) or mRNAs are targeted for decapping (processing bodies, PBs). The induction of RNA granules formation by virus infection is a common feature of mammalian cells. However, plant-virus systems still remain poorly characterized. In this work, the SG marker AtUBP1b was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants to decipher how the virus infection of plant cells affects SG dynamics. We found that the hypoxia-induced SG assembly was substantially inhibited in Potato virus X (PVX)-infected cells. Furthermore, we determined that the expression of PVX movement protein TGBp1 by itself, mimics the inhibitory effect of PVX on SG formation under hypoxia. Importantly, overexpression of AtUBP1b showed inhibition of the PVX spreading, whereas the overexpression of the dominant negative AtUBP1brrm enhanced PVX spreding, indicating that AtUBP1b negatively affects PVX infection. Notably, PVX infection did not inhibit the formation of processing bodies (PBs), indicating PVX has distinct effects depending on the type of RNA granule. Our results suggest that SG inhibition could be part of the virus strategy to infect the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Robles-Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM)-CONICET-UNLP, Calle 115 y 49 s/n (1900), Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Furman
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Barbarich
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Carlotto
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra Attorresi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) -CONICET- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Argentina.
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM)-CONICET-UNLP, Calle 115 y 49 s/n (1900), Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Ken Kobayashi
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Herman AB, Silva Afonso M, Kelemen SE, Ray M, Vrakas CN, Burke AC, Scalia RG, Moore K, Autieri MV. Regulation of Stress Granule Formation by Inflammation, Vascular Injury, and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2014-2027. [PMID: 31462091 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic aggregates containing mRNA, RNA-binding proteins, and translation factors that form in response to cellular stress. SGs have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, but their role in vascular diseases is unknown. This study shows that SGs accumulate in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages during atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Immunohistochemical analysis of atherosclerotic plaques from LDLR-/- mice revealed an increase in the stress granule-specific markers Ras-G3BP1 (GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein) and PABP (poly-A-binding protein) in intimal macrophages and smooth muscle cells that correlated with disease progression. In vitro, PABP+ and G3BP1+ SGs were rapidly induced in VSMC and bone marrow-derived macrophages in response to atherosclerotic stimuli, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein and mediators of mitochondrial or oxidative stress. We observed an increase in eIF2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha) phosphorylation, a requisite for stress granule formation, in cells exposed to these stimuli. Interestingly, SG formation, PABP expression, and eIF2α phosphorylation in VSMCs is reversed by treatment with the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-19. Microtubule inhibitors reduced stress granule accumulation in VSMC, suggesting cytoskeletal regulation of stress granule formation. SG formation in VSMCs was also observed in other vascular disease pathologies, including vascular restenosis. Reduction of SG component G3BP1 by siRNA significantly altered expression profiles of inflammatory, apoptotic, and proliferative genes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SG formation is a common feature of the vascular response to injury and disease, and that modification of inflammation reduces stress granule formation in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Herman
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.B.H., S.E.K., M.R., C.N.V., R.G.S., M.V.A.)
| | - Milessa Silva Afonso
- New York University Langone Health, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York (M.S.A., A.C.B., K.M.)
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.B.H., S.E.K., M.R., C.N.V., R.G.S., M.V.A.)
| | - Mitali Ray
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.B.H., S.E.K., M.R., C.N.V., R.G.S., M.V.A.)
| | - Christine N Vrakas
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.B.H., S.E.K., M.R., C.N.V., R.G.S., M.V.A.)
| | - Amy C Burke
- New York University Langone Health, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York (M.S.A., A.C.B., K.M.)
| | - Rosario G Scalia
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.B.H., S.E.K., M.R., C.N.V., R.G.S., M.V.A.)
| | - Kathryn Moore
- New York University Langone Health, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York (M.S.A., A.C.B., K.M.)
| | - Michael V Autieri
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.B.H., S.E.K., M.R., C.N.V., R.G.S., M.V.A.)
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12
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El-Naggar AM, Sorensen PH. Translational control of aberrant stress responses as a hallmark of cancer. J Pathol 2018; 244:650-666. [PMID: 29293271 DOI: 10.1002/path.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered mRNA translational control is emerging as a critical factor in cancer development and progression. Targeting specific elements of the translational machinery, such as mTORC1 or eIF4E, is emerging as a new strategy for innovative cancer therapy. While translation of most mRNAs takes place through cap-dependent mechanisms, a sub-population of cellular mRNA species, particularly stress-inducible mRNAs with highly structured 5'-UTR regions, are primarily translated through cap-independent mechanisms. Intriguingly, many of these mRNAs encode proteins that are involved in tumour cell adaptation to microenvironmental stress, and thus linked to aggressive behaviour including tumour invasion and metastasis. This necessitates a rigorous search for links between microenvironmental stress and aggressive tumour phenotypes. Under stress, cells block global protein synthesis to preserve energy while maintaining selective synthesis of proteins that support cell survival. One highly conserved mechanism to regulate protein synthesis under cell stress is to sequester mRNAs into cytosolic aggregates called stress granules (SGs), where their translation is silenced. SGs confer survival advantages and chemotherapeutic resistance to tumour cells under stress. Recently, it has been shown that genetically blocking SG formation dramatically reduces tumour invasive and metastatic capacity in vivo. Therefore, targeting SG formation might represent a potential treatment strategy to block cancer metastasis. Here, we present the critical link between selective mRNA translation, stress adaptation, SGs, and tumour progression. Further, we also explain how deciphering mechanisms of selective mRNA translation occurs under cell stress holds great promise for the identification of new targets in the treatment of cancer. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
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13
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Shao J, Gao F, Zhang B, Zhao M, Zhou Y, He J, Ren L, Yao Z, Yang J, Su C, Gao X. Aggregation of SND1 in Stress Granules is Associated with the Microtubule Cytoskeleton During Heat Shock Stimulus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:2192-2199. [PMID: 28758359 PMCID: PMC5697672 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic dense structures in the cytoplasm that form in response to a variety of environmental stress stimuli. Staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) is a type of RNA‐binding protein and has been identified as a transcriptional co‐activator. Our previous studies have shown that SND1 is a component of the stress granule, which forms under stress conditions. Here, we observed that SND1 granules were often surrounded by ɑ‐tubulin‐microtubules in 45°C‐treated HeLa cells at 15 min or colocalized with microtubules at 30 or 45 min. Furthermore, Nocodazole‐mediated microtubule depolymerization could significantly affect the efficient recruitment of SND1 proteins to the SGs during heat shock stress. In addition, the 45°C heat shock mediated the enhancement of eIF2α phosphorylation, which was not affected by treatment with Nocodazole, an agent that disrupts the cytoskeleton. The intact microtubule cytoskeletal tracks are important for the efficient assembly of SND1 granules under heat shock stress and may facilitate SND1 shuttling between cytoplasmic RNA foci. Anat Rec, 300:2192–2199, 2017. © 2017 The Authors The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan He
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
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14
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Zika Virus Hijacks Stress Granule Proteins and Modulates the Host Stress Response. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00474-17. [PMID: 28592527 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00474-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, has recently emerged as an important human pathogen with increasing economic and health impact worldwide. Because of its teratogenic nature and association with the serious neurological condition Guillain-Barré syndrome, a tremendous amount of effort has focused on understanding ZIKV pathogenesis. To gain further insights into ZIKV interaction with host cells, we investigated how this pathogen affects stress response pathways. While ZIKV infection induces stress signaling that leads to phosphorylation of eIF2α and cellular translational arrest, stress granule (SG) formation was inhibited. Further analysis revealed that the viral proteins NS3 and NS4A are linked to translational repression, whereas expression of the capsid protein, NS3/NS2B-3, and NS4A interfered with SG formation. Some, but not all, flavivirus capsid proteins also blocked SG assembly, indicating differential interactions between flaviviruses and SG biogenesis pathways. Depletion of the SG components G3BP1, TIAR, and Caprin-1, but not TIA-1, reduced ZIKV replication. Both G3BP1 and Caprin-1 formed complexes with capsid, whereas viral genomic RNA stably interacted with G3BP1 during ZIKV infection. Taken together, these results are consistent with a scenario in which ZIKV uses multiple viral components to hijack key SG proteins to benefit viral replication.IMPORTANCE There is a pressing need to understand ZIKV pathogenesis in order to advance the development of vaccines and therapeutics. The cellular stress response constitutes one of the first lines of defense against viral infection; therefore, understanding how ZIKV evades this antiviral system will provide key insights into ZIKV biology and potentially pathogenesis. Here, we show that ZIKV induces the stress response through activation of the UPR (unfolded protein response) and PKR (protein kinase R), leading to host translational arrest, a process likely mediated by the viral proteins NS3 and NS4A. Despite the activation of translational shutoff, formation of SG is strongly inhibited by the virus. Specifically, ZIKV hijacks the core SG proteins G3BP1, TIAR, and Caprin-1 to facilitate viral replication, resulting in impaired SG assembly. This process is potentially facilitated by the interactions of the viral RNA with G3BP1 as well as the viral capsid protein with G3BP1 and Caprin-1. Interestingly, expression of capsid proteins from several other flaviviruses also inhibited SG formation. Taken together, the present study provides novel insights into how ZIKV modulates cellular stress response pathways during replication.
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15
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Gleason LU, Burton RS. Genomic evidence for ecological divergence against a background of population homogeneity in the marine snail Chlorostoma funebralis. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3557-73. [PMID: 27199218 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The balance between natural selection, gene flow and genetic drift is difficult to resolve in marine invertebrates with extensive dispersal and fluctuating population sizes. The intertidal snail Chlorostoma funebralis has planktonic larvae and previous work using mtDNA polymorphism reported no genetic population structure. Nevertheless, recent studies have documented differences in thermal tolerance and transcriptomic responses to heat stress between northern and southern California, USA, populations. To gain insight into the dynamics influencing adaptive divergence, we used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to identify 1861 genomewide, quality-filtered single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for C. funebralis collected from three northern and three southern California sites (15 individuals per population). Considering all SNPs, there was no evidence for genetic differentiation among populations or regions (average FST = 0.0042). However, outlier tests revealed 34 loci putatively under divergent selection between northern and southern populations, and structure and SNP tree analyses based on these outliers show clear genetic differentiation between geographic regions. Three of these outliers are known or hypothesized to be involved in stress granule formation, a response to environmental stress such as heat. Combined with previous work that found thermally tolerant southern populations show high baseline expression of stress response genes, these results further suggest that thermal stress is a strong selective pressure across C. funebralis populations. Overall, this study increases our understanding of the factors constraining local adaptation in marine organisms, while suggesting that ecologically driven, strong differentiation can occur at relevant loci in a species with planktonic larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lani U Gleason
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0202, USA.,Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Ronald S Burton
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0202, USA
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16
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Szaflarski W, Fay MM, Kedersha N, Zabel M, Anderson P, Ivanov P. Vinca alkaloid drugs promote stress-induced translational repression and stress granule formation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:30307-22. [PMID: 27083003 PMCID: PMC5058682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a serious therapeutic problem and its underlying molecular mechanisms are complex. Stress granules (SGs), cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes assembled in cells exposed to stress, are implicated in various aspects of cancer cell metabolism and survival. SGs promote the survival of stressed cells by reprogramming gene expression and inhibiting pro-apoptotic signaling cascades. We show that the vinca alkaloid (VA) class of anti-neoplastic agents potently activates a SG-mediated stress response program. VAs inhibit translation initiation by simultaneous activation of eIF4E-BP1 and phosphorylation of eIF2α, causing polysome disassembly and SG assembly. VA-induced SGs contain canonical SG components but lack specific signaling molecules. Blocking VA-induced SG assembly by inactivating eIF4EBP1 or inhibiting eIF2α phosphorylation decreases cancer cell viability and promotes apoptosis. Our data describe previously unappreciated effects of VAs on cellular RNA metabolism and illuminate the roles of SGs in cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Szaflarski
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta M Fay
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Kedersha
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paul Anderson
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Yasuda K, Mili S. Dysregulated axonal RNA translation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 7:589-603. [PMID: 27038103 PMCID: PMC5071740 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult‐onset motor neuron disease that has been associated with a diverse array of genetic changes. Prominent among these are mutations in RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) or repeat expansions that give rise to toxic RNA species. RBPs are additionally central components of pathologic aggregates that constitute a disease hallmark, suggesting that dysregulation of RNA metabolism underlies disease progression. In the context of neuronal physiology, transport of RNAs and localized RNA translation in axons are fundamental to neuronal survival and function. Several lines of evidence suggest that axonal RNA translation is a central process perturbed by various pathogenic events associated with ALS. Dysregulated translation of specific RNA groups could underlie feedback effects that connect and reinforce disease manifestations. Among such candidates are RNAs encoding proteins involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics. Further understanding of axonally dysregulated RNA targets and of the feedback mechanisms they induce could provide useful therapeutic insights. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:589–603. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1352 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Yasuda
- Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stavroula Mili
- Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Vonaesch P, Campbell-Valois FX, Dufour A, Sansonetti PJ, Schnupf P. Shigella flexneri modulates stress granule composition and inhibits stress granule aggregation. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:982-97. [PMID: 27282465 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasion and multiplication of the facultative, cytosolic, enteropathogen Shigella flexneri within the colonic epithelial lining leads to an acute inflammatory response, fever and diarrhea. During the inflammatory process, infected cells are subjected to numerous stresses including heat, oxidative stress and genotoxic stress. The evolutionarily conserved pathway of cellular stress management is the formation of stress granules that store translationally inactive cellular mRNAs and interfere with cellular signalling pathways by sequestering signalling components. In this study, we investigated the ability of S. flexneri-infected cells to form stress granules in response to exogenous stresses. We found that S. flexneri infection inhibits movement of the stress granule markers eIF3 and eIF4B into stress granules and prevents the aggregation of G3BP1 and eIF4G-containing stress granules. This inhibition occurred only with invasive, but not with non-invasive bacteria and occurred in response to stresses that induce translational arrest through the phosphorylation of eIF2α and by treating cells with pateamine A, a drug that induces stress granules by inhibiting the eIF4A helicase. The S. flexneri-mediated stress granule inhibition could be largely phenocopied by the microtubule-destabilizing drug nocodazole and while S. flexneri infection did not lead to microtubule depolymerization, infection greatly enhanced acetylation of alpha-tubulin. Our data suggest that qualitative differences in the microtubule network or subversion of the microtubule-transport machinery by S. flexneri may be involved in preventing the full execution of this cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Vonaesch
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire (INSERM U786), France
| | | | - Alexandre Dufour
- Unité d'Analyse d'Images Biologiques, CNRS UMR 3691, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire (INSERM U786), France.,Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pamela Schnupf
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire (INSERM U786), France
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19
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Aulas A, Vande Velde C. Alterations in stress granule dynamics driven by TDP-43 and FUS: a link to pathological inclusions in ALS? Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:423. [PMID: 26557057 PMCID: PMC4615823 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are RNA-containing cytoplasmic foci formed in response to stress exposure. Since their discovery in 1999, over 120 proteins have been described to be localized to these structures (in 154 publications). Most of these components are RNA binding proteins (RBPs) or are involved in RNA metabolism and translation. SGs have been linked to several pathologies including inflammatory diseases, cancer, viral infection, and neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In ALS and FTD, the majority of cases have no known etiology and exposure to external stress is frequently proposed as a contributor to either disease initiation or the rate of disease progression. Of note, both ALS and FTD are characterized by pathological inclusions, where some well-known SG markers localize with the ALS related proteins TDP-43 and FUS. We propose that TDP-43 and FUS serve as an interface between genetic susceptibility and environmental stress exposure in disease pathogenesis. Here, we will discuss the role of TDP-43 and FUS in SG dynamics and how disease-linked mutations affect this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Aulas
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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20
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Abstract
Protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the first step in protein transport through the secretory pathway, is mediated by coatomer protein II (COPII)-coated vesicles at ER exit sites. COPII coat assembly on the ER is well understood and the conserved large hydrophilic protein Sec16 clearly has a role to play in COPII coat dynamics. Sec16 localizes to ER exit sites, its loss of function impairs their functional organization in all species where it has been studied, and it interacts with COPII coat subunits. However, its exact function in COPII dynamics is debated, as Sec16 is proposed to act as a scaffold to recruit COPII components and as a device to regulate the Sar1 activity in uncoating, in such a way that the coat is released only when the vesicle is fully formed and loaded with cargo. Furthermore, Sec16 has been shown to respond to nutrient signalling, thus coupling environmental stimuli to secretory capacity.
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21
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Dalet A, Gatti E, Pierre P. Integration of PKR-dependent translation inhibition with innate immunity is required for a coordinated anti-viral response. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1539-45. [PMID: 25979169 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Viral triggering of the innate immune response in infected cells aims at delaying viral replication and prevents tissue spreading. Viral replication is delayed by host protein synthesis inhibition and infected cell apoptosis on one hand, while infection spreading is controlled by the synthesis of specific proteins like type-I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines on the other hand. How do these two apparent conflicting responses cooperate within the same infected cells to mount effective defenses against pathogens? What are the molecules or the complexes resolving this contradiction over time? Some recent studies reveal unanticipated connections between innate immunity and stress pathways, giving important clues on how the cellular responses are orchestrated to limit infection efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dalet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France; Institute for Research in Biomedicine - iBiMED and Aveiro Health Sciences Program, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France; Institute for Research in Biomedicine - iBiMED and Aveiro Health Sciences Program, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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22
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Aulas A, Caron G, Gkogkas CG, Mohamed NV, Destroismaisons L, Sonenberg N, Leclerc N, Parker JA, Vande Velde C. G3BP1 promotes stress-induced RNA granule interactions to preserve polyadenylated mRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:73-84. [PMID: 25847539 PMCID: PMC4395486 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201408092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The TDP-43 target G3BP1 is essential for a functional interaction between stress granules and processing bodies. G3BP1, a target of TDP-43, is required for normal stress granule (SG) assembly, but the functional consequences of failed SG assembly remain unknown. Here, using both transformed cell lines and primary neurons, we investigated the functional impact of this disruption in SG dynamics. While stress-induced translational repression and recruitment of key SG proteins was undisturbed, depletion of G3BP1 or its upstream regulator TDP-43 disturbed normal interactions between SGs and processing bodies (PBs). This was concomitant with decreased SG size, reduced SG–PB docking, and impaired preservation of polyadenylated mRNA. Reintroduction of G3BP1 alone was sufficient to rescue all of these phenotypes, indicating that G3BP1 is essential for normal SG–PB interactions and SG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Aulas
- Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Guillaume Caron
- Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Christos G Gkogkas
- Patrick Wild Centre and Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK Patrick Wild Centre and Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK
| | - Nguyen-Vi Mohamed
- Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Laurie Destroismaisons
- Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nicole Leclerc
- Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - J Alex Parker
- Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada Centre de recherché du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
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Schweidenback CTH, Emerman AB, Jambhekar A, Blower MD. Evidence for multiple, distinct ADAR-containing complexes in Xenopus laevis. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 21:279-295. [PMID: 25519486 PMCID: PMC4338354 DOI: 10.1261/rna.047787.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) is an RNA-editing enzyme present in most metazoans that converts adenosines in double-stranded RNA targets into inosines. Although the RNA targets of ADAR-mediated editing have been extensively cataloged, our understanding of the cellular function of such editing remains incomplete. We report that long, double-stranded RNA added to Xenopus laevis egg extract is incorporated into an ADAR-containing complex whose protein components resemble those of stress granules. This complex localizes to microtubules, as assayed by accumulation on meiotic spindles. We observe that the length of a double-stranded RNA influences its incorporation into the microtubule-localized complex. ADAR forms a similar complex with endogenous RNA, but the endogenous complex fails to localize to microtubules. In addition, we characterize the endogenous, ADAR-associated RNAs and discover that they are enriched for transcripts encoding transcriptional regulators, zinc-finger proteins, and components of the secretory pathway. Interestingly, association with ADAR correlates with previously reported translational repression in early embryonic development. This work demonstrates that ADAR is a component of two, distinct ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain different types of RNAs and exhibit diverse cellular localization patterns. Our findings offer new insight into the potential cellular functions of ADAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina T H Schweidenback
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amy B Emerman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ashwini Jambhekar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael D Blower
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Moujalled D, James JL, Parker SJ, Lidgerwood GE, Duncan C, Meyerowitz J, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Kanninen KM, Grubman A, Liddell JR, Crouch PJ, White AR. Kinase Inhibitor Screening Identifies Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 as Potential Modulators of TDP-43 Cytosolic Accumulation during Cell Stress. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67433. [PMID: 23840699 PMCID: PMC3694067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal processing of TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has been identified as a major factor in neuronal degeneration during amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). It is unclear how changes to TDP-43, including nuclear to cytosolic translocation and subsequent accumulation, are controlled in these diseases. TDP-43 is a member of the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) RNA binding protein family and is known to associate with cytosolic RNA stress granule proteins in ALS and FTLD. hnRNP trafficking and accumulation is controlled by the action of specific kinases including members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, little is known about how kinase pathways control TDP-43 movement and accumulation. In this study, we used an in vitro model of TDP-43-positve stress granule formation to screen for the effect of kinase inhibitors on TDP-43 accumulation. We found that while a number of kinase inhibitors, particularly of the MAPK pathways modulated both TDP-43 and the global stress granule marker, human antigen R (HuR), multiple inhibitors were more specific to TDP-43 accumulation, including inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Close correlation was observed between effects of these inhibitors on TDP-43, hnRNP K and TIAR, but often with different effects on HuR accumulation. This may indicate a potential interaction between TDP-43, hnRNP K and TIAR. CDK inhibitors were also found to reverse pre-formed TDP-43-positive stress granules and both CDK and GSK3 inhibitors abrogated the accumulation of C-terminal TDP-43 (219–414) in transfected cells. Further studies are required to confirm the specific kinases involved and whether their action is through phosphorylation of the TDP-43 binding partner hnRNP K. This knowledge provides a valuable insight into the mechanisms controlling abnormal cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation and may herald new opportunities for kinase modulation-based therapeutic intervention in ALS and FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Moujalled
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janine L. James
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Parker
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grace E. Lidgerwood
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jodi Meyerowitz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Neuropathology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Neuropathology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Brain Research, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R. Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony R. White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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Chudinova EM, Nadezhdina ES, Ivanov PA. Cellular acidosis inhibits assembly, disassembly, and motility of stress granules. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:1277-84. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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