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Fang XL, Cao XP, Xiao J, Hu Y, Chen M, Raza HK, Wang HY, He X, Gu JF, Zhang KJ. Overview of role of survivin in cancer: expression, regulation, functions, and its potential as a therapeutic target. J Drug Target 2024; 32:223-240. [PMID: 38252514 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2309563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Survivin holds significant importance as a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family due to its predominant expression in tumours rather than normal terminally differentiated adult tissues. The high expression level of survivin in tumours is closely linked to chemotherapy resistance, heightened tumour recurrence, and increased tumour aggressiveness and serves as a negative prognostic factor for cancer patients. Consequently, survivin has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we delve into the various biological characteristics of survivin in cancers and its pivotal role in maintaining immune system homeostasis. Additionally, we explore different therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Long Fang
- Academician Expert Workstation of Fengxian District, Shanghai Yuansong Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ping Cao
- Academician Expert Workstation of Fengxian District, Shanghai Yuansong Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Academician Expert Workstation of Fengxian District, Shanghai Yuansong Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Chen
- Academician Expert Workstation of Fengxian District, Shanghai Yuansong Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Hafiz Khuram Raza
- Academician Expert Workstation of Fengxian District, Shanghai Yuansong Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fa Gu
- Academician Expert Workstation of Fengxian District, Shanghai Yuansong Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Jian Zhang
- Academician Expert Workstation of Fengxian District, Shanghai Yuansong Biotechnology Limited Company, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Lee Y, Ju Y, Gee MS, Jeon SH, Kim N, Koo T, Lee JK. Survivin enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14509. [PMID: 37904343 PMCID: PMC11017468 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cognitive impairment is associated with reduced hippocampal neurogenesis; however, the causes of decreased hippocampal neurogenesis remain highly controversial. Here, we investigated the role of survivin in the modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in AD. METHODS To investigate the effect of survivin on neurogenesis in neural stem cells (NSCs), we treated mouse embryonic NSCs with a survivin inhibitor (YM155) and adeno-associated viral survivin (AAV-Survivin). To explore the potential role of survivin expression in AD, AAV9-Survivin or AAV9-GFP were injected into the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus of 7-month-old wild-type and 5XFAD mice. Cognitive function was measured by the Y maze and Morris water maze. Neurogenesis was investigated by BrdU staining, immature, and mature neuron markers. RESULTS Our results indicate that suppression of survivin expression resulted in decreased neurogenesis. Conversely, overexpression of survivin using AAV-Survivin restored neurogenesis in NSCs that had been suppressed by YM155 treatment. Furthermore, the expression level of survivin decreased in the 9-month-old 5XFAD compared with that in wild-type mice. AAV-Survivin-mediated overexpression of survivin in the DG in 5XFAD mice enhanced neurogenesis and cognitive function. CONCLUSION Hippocampal neurogenesis can be enhanced by survivin overexpression, suggesting that survivin could serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongae Lee
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yeon‐Joo Ju
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Min Sung Gee
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Namkwon Kim
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Taeyoung Koo
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- College of PharmacyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
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Zhou P, Chen X, Shi K, Qu H, Xia J. The characteristics, tumorigenicities and therapeutics of cancer stem cells based on circRNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Survivin is one of the rare proteins that is differentially expressed in normal and cancer cells and is directly or indirectly involved in numerous pathways required for tumor maintenance. It is expressed in almost all cancers and its expression has been detected at early stages of cancer. These traits make survivin an exceptionally attractive target for cancer therapeutics. Even with these promising features to be an oncotherapeutic target, there has been limited success in the clinical trials targeting survivin. Only recently it has emerged that survivin was not being specifically targeted which could have resulted in the negative clinical outcome. Also, focus of research has now shifted from survivin expression in the overall heterogeneous tumor cell populations to survivin expression in cancer stem cells as these cells have proved to be the major drivers of tumors. Therefore, in this review we have analyzed the expression of survivin in normal and cancer cells with a particular focus on its expression in cancer stem cell compartment. We have discussed the major signaling pathways involved in regulation of survivin. We have explored the current development status of various types of interventions for inhibition of survivin. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges involving the development of potent and specific survivin inhibitors for cancer therapeutics. Finally we have given insights for some of the promising future anticancer treatments.
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Singh P, Mohammad KS, Pelus LM. CXCR4 expression in the bone marrow microenvironment is required for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell maintenance and early hematopoietic regeneration after myeloablation. Stem Cells 2020; 38:849-859. [PMID: 32159901 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment/niche plays a key role in regulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) activities; however, mechanisms regulating niche cell function are not well understood. In this study, we show that niche intrinsic expression of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor critically regulates HSPC maintenance during steady state, and promotes early hematopoietic regeneration after myeloablative irradiation. At steady state, chimeric mice with wild-type (WT) HSPC and marrow stroma that lack CXCR4 show decreased HSPC quiescence, and their repopulation capacity was markedly reduced. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were significantly reduced in the BM of CXCR4 deficient mice, which was accompanied by decreased levels of the HSPC supporting factors stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and stem cell factor (SCF). CXCR4 also plays a crucial role in survival and restoration of BM stromal cells after myeloablative irradiation, where the loss of BM stromal cells was more severe in CXCR4-deficient mice compared to WT mice. In addition, transplantation of WT donor HSPC into CXCR4-deficient recipient mice demonstrated reduced HSPC homing and early hematopoietic reconstitution. We found that CXCR4 signaling attenuates irradiation-induced BM stromal cell loss by upregulating the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Survivin via the PI3K pathway. Our study suggests that SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling in the stromal microenvironment cells plays a crucial role in maintenance of HSPCs during homeostasis, and promotes niche regeneration and early hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation. Modulation of CXCR4 signaling in the HSPC microenvironment could be a means to enhance hematopoietic recovery after clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Louis M Pelus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Wang J, Liu Z, Zhang D, Liu R, Lin Q, Liu J, Yang Z, Ma Q, Sun D, Zhou X, Jiang G. FL118, a novel survivin inhibitor, wins the battle against drug-resistant and metastatic lung cancers through inhibition of cancer stem cell-like properties. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3676-3686. [PMID: 28861158 PMCID: PMC5575181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Failure of cancer treatment caused by drug resistance and metastasis is mainly due to existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therefore, targeting CSCs to overcome cancers is a challenging issue in clinic. In this report, in view of the important role of survivin in tumor growth and CSCs maintaining, we aimed to confirm that FL118, as a novel survivin inhibitor, may effectively inhibit lung cancer stem cells. We showed that lung cancer stem cells have the obviously higher expression of survivin than their parental cells. After treated with FL118, the survivin level in CSCs was suppressed. Consistently, lung cancer stem cells displayed significantly growth inhibition over time. Here, we compared the antitumor efficacy between FL118 and cisplatin. The data revealed that CSCs are more sensitive to FL118 than cisplatin. To further demonstrate the inhibitory effect of FL118 on CSCs, we found that FL118 down-regulated the expression of CSCs markers (ABCG2, ALDH1A1, Oct4) and drug resistant proteins (P-gp, ERCC1), suggesting that FL118 may change CSCs phenotype and improve drug-sensitivity of tumor cells. Moreover, FL118 effectively decreased the invasive ability of CSCs. These findings expand the uniqueness of FL118 as an attractive therapeutic option for cancers with drug-resistant or metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Qian Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Qingxia Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Dantong Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266021, China
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Abstract
Survivin is a protein functionally important for cell division, apoptosis, and possibly, for micro-RNA biogenesis. It is an established marker of malignant cell transformation. In non-malignant conditions, the unique properties of survivin make it indispensable for homeostasis of the immune system. Indeed, it is required for the innate and adaptive immune responses, controlling differentiation and maintenance of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cells, and in B cell maturation. Recently, survivin has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Under the conditions of unreserved inflammation, survivin enhances antigen presentation, maintains persistence of autoreactive cells, and supports production of autoantibodies. In this context, survivin takes its place as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, neuropathology and multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases and oral lichen planus. In this review, we summarise the knowledge about non-malignant properties of survivin and focus on its engagement in cellular and molecular pathology of autoimmune diseases. The review highlights utility of survivin measures for clinical applications. It provides rational for the survivin inhibiting strategies and presents results of recent reports on survivin inhibition in modern therapies of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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Etxabe A, Lara-Castillo MC, Cornet-Masana JM, Banús-Mulet A, Nomdedeu M, Torrente MA, Pratcorona M, Díaz-Beyá M, Esteve J, Risueño RM. Inhibition of serotonin receptor type 1 in acute myeloid leukemia impairs leukemia stem cell functionality: a promising novel therapeutic target. Leukemia 2017; 31:2288-2302. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhou J, Chng WJ. Aberrant RNA splicing and mutations in spliceosome complex in acute myeloid leukemia. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:6. [PMID: 28217708 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The spliceosome, the cellular splicing machinery, regulates RNA splicing of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) into maturation of protein coding RNAs. Recurrent mutations and copy number changes in genes encoding spliceosomal proteins and splicing regulatory factors have tumor promoting or suppressive functions in hematological malignancies, as well as some other cancers. Leukemia stem cell (LSC) populations, although rare, are essential contributors of treatment failure and relapse. Recent researches have provided the compelling evidence that link the erratic spicing activity to the LSC phenotype in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this article, we describe the diverse roles of aberrant splicing in hematological malignancies, particularly in AML and their contributions to the characteristics of LSC. We review these promising strategies to exploit the addiction of aberrant spliceosomal machinery for anti-leukemic therapy with aim to eradicate LSC. However, given the complexity and plasticity of spliceosome and not fully known functions of splicing in cancer, the challenges facing the development of the therapeutic strategies targeting RAN splicing are highlighted and future directions are discussed too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore;; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore;; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;; Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore 119228, Singapore
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Garg H, Suri P, Gupta JC, Talwar GP, Dubey S. Survivin: a unique target for tumor therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:49. [PMID: 27340370 PMCID: PMC4917988 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is the smallest member of the Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, involved in inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell cycle. These functional attributes make Survivin a unique protein exhibiting divergent functions i.e. regulating cell proliferation and cell death. Expression pattern of Survivin is also distinctive; it is prominently expressed during embryonal development, absent in most normal, terminally differentiated tissues but upregulated in a variety of human cancers. Expression of Survivin in tumours correlates with not only inhibition of apoptosis and a decreased rate of cell death, but also resistance to chemotherapy and aggressiveness of tumours. Therefore, Survivin is an important target for cancer vaccines and therapeutics. Survivin has also been found to be prominently expressed on both human and embryonic stem cells and many somatic stem cell types indicating its yet unexplored role in stem cell generation and maintenance. Overall, Survivin emerges as a molecule with much wider role in cellular homeostasis. This review will discuss various aspects of Survivin biology and its role in regulation of apoptosis, cell division, chemo-resistance and tumour progression. Various molecular and immunotherapeutic approaches targeting Survivin will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Garg
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, J-3 Block, Room No: LG21, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303 India
| | - Prerna Suri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Jagdish C Gupta
- Talwar Research Foundation, E-8 Neb Valley, Neb Sarai, New Delhi, 110 068 India
| | - G P Talwar
- Talwar Research Foundation, E-8 Neb Valley, Neb Sarai, New Delhi, 110 068 India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, J-3 Block, Room No: LG21, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303 India
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Zhang Y, Zhou H, Wu W, Shi C, Hu S, Yin T, Ma Q, Han T, Zhang Y, Tian F, Chen Y. Liraglutide protects cardiac microvascular endothelial cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through the suppression of the SR-Ca(2+)-XO-ROS axis via activation of the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt/survivin pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:278-92. [PMID: 27038735 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) oxidative damage resulting from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury is responsible for microcirculation perfusion disturbances and the progression of cardiac dysfunction. However, few strategies are available to reverse such pathologies. Here, we studied the effects and mechanisms of liraglutide on CEMCs oxidative damage, focusing in particular on calcium overload-triggered free radical injury signals and the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt/survivin survival pathways. The results indicate that H/R increased IP3R expression but reduced SERCA2a expression, which rapidly raised intracellular Ca(2+) levels, subsequently leading to Ca(2+)-dependent xanthine oxidase (XO) activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the cellular apoptosis of CMECs. However, liraglutide pretreatment abrogated Ca(2+)-mediated oxidative apoptosis. Furthermore, liraglutide regulated the rate of IP3R/SERCA2a gene transcription and conserved SERCA2a-ATPase activity via the maintenance of ATP production under H/R, which drove excessive Ca(2+) reflux to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and inhibited Ca(2+) release from the SR, ultimately restoring Ca(2+) homeostasis. Furthermore, the regulatory role of liraglutide on Ca(2+) balance in conjunction with its up-regulation of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase collectively scavenged the excess ROS under H/R. Moreover, we showed that liraglutide strengthened Akt phosphorylation and subsequently survivin expression. In addition, both the blockade of the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt pathways and the siRNA-mediated knockdown of survivin abolished the protective effects of liraglutide on SR-Ca(2+) function and CMECs oxidative apoptosis. In summary, this study confirmed that H/R induced CMECs oxidative damage through the SR-Ca(2+)-XO-ROS injury signals and that liraglutide pretreatment may suppress such CMECs damage through the PI3K/Akt/survivin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Burn surgery and Plastic surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tianwen Han
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yingqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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Curcumin Enhanced Busulfan-Induced Apoptosis through Downregulating the Expression of Survivin in Leukemia Stem-Like KG1a Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:630397. [PMID: 26557682 PMCID: PMC4628751 DOI: 10.1155/2015/630397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia relapse and nonrecurrence mortality (NRM) due to leukemia stem cells (LSCs) represent major problems following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To eliminate LSCs, the sensitivity of LSCs to chemotherapeutic agents used in conditioning regimens should be enhanced. Curcumin (CUR) has received considerable attention as a result of its anticancer activity in leukemia and solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms in leukemia stem-like KG1a cells exposed to busulfan (BUS) and CUR, either alone or in combination. KG1a cells exhibiting BUS-resistance demonstrated by MTT and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assays, compared with HL-60 cells. CUR induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in KG1a cells. Apoptosis of KG1a cells was significantly enhanced by treatment with CUR+BUS, compared with either agent alone. CUR synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of BUS. Seven apoptosis-related proteins were modulated in CUR- and CUR+BUS-treated cells analyzed by proteins array analysis. Importantly, the antiapoptosis protein survivin was significantly downregulated, especially in combination group. Suppression of survivin with specific inhibitor YM155 significantly increased the susceptibility of KG1a cells to BUS. These results demonstrated that CUR could increase the sensitivity of leukemia stem-like KG1a cells to BUS by downregulating the expression of survivin.
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Mull AN, Klar A, Navara CS. Differential localization and high expression of SURVIVIN splice variants in human embryonic stem cells but not in differentiated cells implicate a role for SURVIVIN in pluripotency. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:539-49. [PMID: 24487129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BIRC5 gene encodes the oncofetal protein SURVIVIN, as well as four additional splice variants (ΔEx3, 2B, 3B and 2α). SURVIVIN, an inhibitor of apoptosis, is also a chromosomal passenger protein (CPP). Previous results have demonstrated that SURVIVIN is expressed at high levels in embryonic stem cells and inhibition of SURVIVIN function results in apoptosis, however these studies have not investigated the other four splice variants. In this study, we demonstrate that all variants are expressed at significantly higher levels in human embryonic stem (hES) cells than in differentiated cells. We examined the subcellular localization of the three most highly expressed variants. SURVIVIN displayed canonical CPP localization in mitotic cells and cytoplasmic localization in interphase cells. In contrast, SURVIVIN-ΔEx3 and SURVIVIN-2B did not localize as a CPP; SURVIVIN-ΔEx3 was found constitutively in the nucleus while SURVIVIN-2B was distributed along the chromosomes during mitosis and also to the mitotic spindle poles. We used inducible shRNA against SURVIVIN to inhibit expression in a titratable fashion. Using this system, we reduced the mRNA levels of these three variants to approx. 40%, resulting in a concomitant reduction of OCT4 and NANOG mRNA, suggesting a role for the SURVIVIN variants in pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Mull
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Amanda Klar
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Christopher S Navara
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States.
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Kim HJ, Choi EJ, Sohn HJ, Park SH, Min WS, Kim TG. Combinatorial molecular marker assays of WT1, survivin, and TERT at initial diagnosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2013; 91:411-22. [PMID: 23826993 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High levels of expression of Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1), survivin, or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) genes are introduced as leukemia-associated targets predicting clinical outcome. We prospectively investigated the leukemia-associated gene transcripts by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction from 151 adult patients with AML associated with the patients' clinical characteristics. The maximum levels of each gene in bone marrow were 64.4-, 8.1-, and 3.9-fold higher than those in the normal control, respectively. In contrast to the WT1 and TERT levels, survivin showed comparatively higher expression in the unfavorable cytogenetic group of patients. We found a significant difference in survivin levels between the CR and non-CR groups (P = 0.0237). TERT expression levels were higher in patients who had a greater number of peripheral blood leukemic blasts at diagnosis (P = 0.0191). Non-MRC subtypes and patients without specific mutations were the most powerful predictive factors for a better CR rate, by multivariate analyses. The lower levels of both WT1 and survivin co-expression (P = 0.0129) and both survivin + TERT co-expression (P = 0.0115) were significant factors for better OS. Besides lower initial levels of serum ferritin (P = 0.0401), lower levels of WT1 (P = 0.0438) and survivin (P = 0.0401), lower levels of both WT1 and survivin co-expression (P = 0.0031), and the three-gene combination of lower WT1 + survivin + TERT (P = 0.0454) were powerful predictive factors for better EFS. As our findings were based on a single disease entity, that is, adult AML, they suggest that the expression of these genes may be critical for the immunobiology of AML to influence the clinical outcome in various ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Je Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Ling X, Cao S, Cheng Q, Keefe JT, Rustum YM, Li F. A novel small molecule FL118 that selectively inhibits survivin, Mcl-1, XIAP and cIAP2 in a p53-independent manner, shows superior antitumor activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45571. [PMID: 23029106 PMCID: PMC3446924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug/radiation resistance to treatment and tumor relapse are major obstacles in identifying a cure for cancer. Development of novel agents that address these challenges would therefore be of the upmost importance in the fight against cancer. In this regard, studies show that the antiapoptotic protein survivin is a central molecule involved in both hurdles. Using cancer cell-based survivin-reporter systems (US 7,569,221 B2) via high throughput screening (HTS) of compound libraries, followed by in vitro and in vivo analyses of HTS-derived hit-lead compounds, we identified a novel anticancer compound (designated FL118). FL118 shows structural similarity to irinotecan. However, while the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase 1 activity by FL118 was no better than the active form of irinotecan, SN-38 at 1 µM, FL118 effectively inhibited cancer cell growth at less than nM levels in a p53 status-independent manner. Moreover, FL118 selectively inhibited survivin promoter activity and gene expression also in a p53 status-independent manner. Although the survivin promoter-reporter system was used for the identification of FL118, our studies revealed that FL118 not only inhibits survivin expression but also selectively and independently inhibits three additional cancer-associated survival genes (Mcl-1, XIAP and cIAP2) in a p53 status-independent manner, while showing no inhibitory effects on control genes. Genetic silencing or overexpression of FL118 targets demonstrated a role for these targets in FL118's effects. Follow-up in vivo studies revealed that FL118 exhibits superior antitumor efficacy in human tumor xenograft models in comparison with irinotecan, topotecan, doxorubicin, 5-FU, gemcitabine, docetaxel, oxaliplatin, cytoxan and cisplatin, and a majority of mice treated with FL118 showed tumor regression with a weekly × 4 schedule. FL118 induced favorable body-weight-loss profiles (temporary and reversible) and was able to eliminate large tumors. Together, the molecular targeting features of FL118 plus its superior antitumor activity warrant its further development toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ling
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Shousong Cao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - James T. Keefe
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Youcef M. Rustum
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- NCI-supported Experimental Therapeutics Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- NCI-supported Experimental Therapeutics Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Genetic screen for regulators of lymph gland homeostasis and hemocyte maturation in Drosophila. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2012; 2:393-405. [PMID: 22413093 PMCID: PMC3291509 DOI: 10.1534/g3.111.001693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Blood cell development in the Drosophila lymph gland is controlled by multiple factors, most of them conserved from flies to mammals. The Drosophila homolog of vertebrate PDCD2, Zfrp8, is required in Drosophila hematopoietic stem cell development. Zfrp8 mutant larvae show a disruption of homeostasis in the lymph gland and vast lymph gland overgrowth. The loss of one copy of Zfrp8 also causes a lymph gland enlargement. This dominant phenotype can be modified by heterozygous mutations in cell-cycle genes and several genes functioning in blood development. To identify additional genes that function in hematopoiesis, we screened a collection of second and third chromosome deficiencies for modifiers of Zfrp8 heterozygous phenotype. Using deficiency mapping, available single gene mutations, and RNAi lines, we identified several novel factors required for lymph gland development and hemocyte differentiation. Distinct lymph gland phenotypes of nine of these genes are reported here for the first time. Importantly, the orthologs of four of them have a role in mammalian blood development and leukemogenesis. Our work has shown that the number of genes regulating normal blood cell development in Drosophila is much larger than expected, and that the complex molecular mechanisms regulating hemocyte differentiation are comparable to those in vertebrates.
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