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Wang Z, Yu Z, He L, Zhu J, Liu L, Song X. Establishment and preliminary study of electrophysiological techniques in a typical red tide species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156698. [PMID: 35710000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiology studies the electrical properties of cells and tissues including bioelectrical signals and membrane ion channel activities. As an important means to reveal ion channel related physiological functions and the underlying mechanisms, electrophysiological techniques have been widely used in studies of animals, higher plants and algae that are closely related to higher plants. However, few electrophysiological studies have been carried out in red tide organisms, especially in dinoflagellates, which is mainly due to the complex surface structure of dinoflagellate amphiesma. In this study, the surface amphiesma of Alexandrium pacificum, a typical red tide species, was removed by centrifugation, low-temperature treatment and enzymatic treatment. In all three treatments, low-temperature treatment with 4 °C for 2 h had high ecdysis rate and high fixation rate, and the treated cells were easy to puncture, so low-temperature treatment was used as a preprocessing treatment for subsequent current recording. Acquired protoplasts of A. pacificum were identified by calcofluor fluorescence and immobilized by poly-lysine. A modified "puncture" single-electrode voltage-clamp recording was first applied to dinoflagellates, and voltage-gated currents, which had the characteristics of outward K+ current and inward Cl- current, were recorded and confirmed by ion replacement, indicating the voltage-gated currents were mixed. This method can be used as a technical basis for the electrophysiological study of dinoflagellates and provides a new perspective for the study of stress tolerance, red tide succession, and the regulation of physiological function of dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Liyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lidong Liu
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brian Health and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Biochemical Mapping of Pyrodinium bahamense Unveils Molecular Underpinnings behind Organismal Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413332. [PMID: 34948131 PMCID: PMC8706660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates from the harmful algal bloom (HAB)-causing organism Pyrodinium bahamense were characterized to obtain insights into the biochemical processes in this environmentally relevant dinoflagellate. Shotgun proteomics using label-free quantitation followed by proteome mapping using the P. bahamense transcriptome and translated protein databases of Marinovum algicola, Alexandrium sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, and Symbiodinium kawagutii for annotation enabled the characterization of the proteins in P. bahamense. The highest number of annotated hits were obtained from M. algicola and highlighted the contribution of microorganisms associated with P. bahamense. Proteins involved in dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) degradation such as propionyl CoA synthethase and acryloyl-CoA reductase were identified, suggesting the DMSP cleavage pathway as the preferred route in this dinoflagellate. Most of the annotated proteins were involved in amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate degradation and metabolism, indicating the active roles of these molecules in the vegetative stage of P. bahamense. This characterization provides baseline information on the cellular machinery and the molecular basis of the ecophysiology of P. bahamense.
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Chan KKY, Kong HK, Tse SPK, Chan Z, Lo PY, Kwok KWH, Lo SCL. Finding Species-Specific Extracellular Surface-Facing Proteomes in Toxic Dinoflagellates. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:624. [PMID: 34564629 PMCID: PMC8473415 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a sequel to our previous report of the existence of species-specific protein/peptide expression profiles (PEPs) acquired by mass spectrometry in some dinoflagellates, we established, with the help of a plasma-membrane-impermeable labeling agent, a surface amphiesmal protein extraction method (SAPE) to label and capture species-specific surface proteins (SSSPs) as well as saxitoxins-producing-species-specific surface proteins (Stx-SSPs) that face the extracellular space (i.e., SSSPsEf and Stx-SSPsEf). Five selected toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium minutum, A. lusitanicum, A. tamarense, Gymnodinium catenatum, and Karenia mikimotoi, were used in this study. Transcriptomic databases of these five species were also constructed. With the aid of liquid chromatography linked-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the transcriptomic databases of these species, extracellularly facing membrane proteomes of the five different species were identified. Within these proteomes, 16 extracellular-facing and functionally significant transport proteins were found. Furthermore, 10 SSSPs and 6 Stx-SSPs were identified as amphiesmal proteins but not facing outward to the extracellular environment. We also found SSSPsEf and Stx-SSPsEf in the proteomes. The potential functional correlation of these proteins towards the production of saxitoxins in dinoflagellates and the degree of species specificity were discussed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenrick Kai-yuen Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (K.K.-y.C.); (H.-k.K.); (S.P.-k.T.); (Z.C.); (P.-y.L.); (K.W.H.K.)
| | - Hang-kin Kong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (K.K.-y.C.); (H.-k.K.); (S.P.-k.T.); (Z.C.); (P.-y.L.); (K.W.H.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Sirius Pui-kam Tse
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (K.K.-y.C.); (H.-k.K.); (S.P.-k.T.); (Z.C.); (P.-y.L.); (K.W.H.K.)
| | - Zoe Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (K.K.-y.C.); (H.-k.K.); (S.P.-k.T.); (Z.C.); (P.-y.L.); (K.W.H.K.)
| | - Pak-yeung Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (K.K.-y.C.); (H.-k.K.); (S.P.-k.T.); (Z.C.); (P.-y.L.); (K.W.H.K.)
| | - Kevin W. H. Kwok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (K.K.-y.C.); (H.-k.K.); (S.P.-k.T.); (Z.C.); (P.-y.L.); (K.W.H.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Chun-lap Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; (K.K.-y.C.); (H.-k.K.); (S.P.-k.T.); (Z.C.); (P.-y.L.); (K.W.H.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Tortorelli G, Oakley CA, Davy SK, van Oppen MJH, McFadden GI. Cell wall proteomic analysis of the cnidarian photosymbionts Breviolum minutum and Cladocopium goreaui. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 69:e12870. [PMID: 34448326 PMCID: PMC9293036 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The algal cell wall is an important cellular component that functions in defense, nutrient utilization, signaling, adhesion, and cell–cell recognition—processes important in the cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis. The cell wall of symbiodiniacean dinoflagellates is not well characterized. Here, we present a method to isolate cell walls of Symbiodiniaceae and prepare cell‐wall‐enriched samples for proteomic analysis. Label‐free liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to explore the surface proteome of two Symbiodiniaceae species from the Great Barrier Reef: Breviolum minutum and Cladocopium goreaui. Transporters, hydrolases, translocases, and proteins involved in cell‐adhesion and protein–protein interactions were identified, but the majority of cell wall proteins had no homologues in public databases. We propose roles for some of these proteins in the cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis. This work provides the first proteomics investigation of cell wall proteins in the Symbiodiniaceae and represents a basis for future explorations of the roles of cell wall proteins in Symbiodiniaceae and other dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Tortorelli
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Clinton A Oakley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, New Zealand
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, New Zealand
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Geoffrey I McFadden
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Chakdar H, Hasan M, Pabbi S, Nevalainen H, Shukla P. High-throughput proteomics and metabolomic studies guide re-engineering of metabolic pathways in eukaryotic microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124495. [PMID: 33307484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic microalgae are a rich source of commercially important metabolites including lipids, pigments, sugars, amino acids and enzymes. However, their inherent genetic potential is usually not enough to support high level production of metabolites of interest. In order to move on from the traditional approach of improving product yields by modification of the cultivation conditions, understanding the metabolic pathways leading to the synthesis of the bioproducts of interest is crucial. Identification of new targets for strain engineering has been greatly facilitated by the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and spectroscopic techniques discussed in this review. Despite the availability of high throughput analytical tools, examples of gathering and application of proteomic and metabolomic data for metabolic engineering of microalgae are few and mainly limited to lipid production. The present review highlights the application of contemporary proteomic and metabolomic techniques in eukaryotic microalgae for redesigning pathways for enhanced production of algal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh 275103, India
| | - Mafruha Hasan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
| | - Helena Nevalainen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India; School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Omics Analysis for Dinoflagellates Biology Research. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090288. [PMID: 31450827 PMCID: PMC6780300 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are important primary producers for marine ecosystems and are also responsible for certain essential components in human foods. However, they are also notorious for their ability to form harmful algal blooms, and cause shellfish poisoning. Although much work has been devoted to dinoflagellates in recent decades, our understanding of them at a molecular level is still limited owing to some of their challenging biological properties, such as large genome size, permanently condensed liquid-crystalline chromosomes, and the 10-fold lower ratio of protein to DNA than other eukaryotic species. In recent years, omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been applied to the study of marine dinoflagellates and have uncovered many new physiological and metabolic characteristics of dinoflagellates. In this article, we review recent application of omics technologies in revealing some of the unusual features of dinoflagellate genomes and molecular mechanisms relevant to their biology, including the mechanism of harmful algal bloom formations, toxin biosynthesis, symbiosis, lipid biosynthesis, as well as species identification and evolution. We also discuss the challenges and provide prospective further study directions and applications of dinoflagellates.
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Jing X, Lin S, Zhang H, Koerting C, Yu Z. Utilization of urea and expression profiles of related genes in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187837. [PMID: 29117255 PMCID: PMC5678928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea has been shown to contribute more than half of total nitrogen (N) required by phytoplankton in some estuaries and coastal waters and to provide a substantial portion of the N demand for many harmful algal blooms (HABs) of dinoflagellates. In this study, we investigated the physiological and transcriptional responses in Prorocentrum donghaiense to changes in nitrate and urea availability. We found that this species could efficiently utilize urea as sole N source and achieve comparable growth rate and photosynthesis capability as it did under nitrate. These physiological parameters were markedly lower in cultures grown under nitrate- or urea-limited conditions. P. donghaiense N content was similarly low under nitrate- or urea-limited culture condition, but was markedly higher under urea-replete condition than under nitrate-replete condition. Carbon (C) content was consistently elevated under N-limited condition. Consequently, the C:N ratio was as high as 21:1 under nitrate- or urea-limitation, but 7:1 under urea-replete condition and 9:1 to 10:1 under nitrate-replete condition. Using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, we investigated the expression pattern for four genes involved in N transport and assimilation. The results indicated that genes encoding nitrate transport, urea hydrolysis, and nickel transporter gene were sensitive to changes in general N nutrient availability whereas the urea transporter gene responded much more strongly to changes in urea concentration. Taken together, our study shows the high bioavailability of urea, its impact on C:N stoichiometry, and the sensitivity of urea transporter gene expression to urea availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jing
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, United States of America
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, United States of America
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, United States of America
| | - Claudia Koerting
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, United States of America
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
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Wang X, Hao TB, Balamurugan S, Yang WD, Liu JS, Dong HP, Li HY. A lipid droplet-associated protein involved in lipid droplet biogenesis and triacylglycerol accumulation in the oleaginous microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Wang DZ, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang SF. Marine dinoflagellate proteomics: current status and future perspectives. J Proteomics 2014; 105:121-32. [PMID: 24503187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dinoflagellates are not only the important primary producers and an essential component of the food chain in the marine ecosystem, but also the major causative species resulting in harmful algal blooms (HABs) and various shellfish poisonings. Although much work has been devoted to the dinoflagellates, our understanding of them is still extremely limited owing to their unusual features. Proteomics, a large-scale study of the structure and function of proteins in complex biological samples, has been introduced to the study of marine dinoflagellates and has shown its powerful potential with regard to revealing their physiological and metabolic characteristics. However, the application of proteomic approaches to unsequenced dinoflagellates is still in its infancy and faces considerable challenges. This review summarizes recent progress in marine dinoflagellate proteomics and discusses the limitations and prospects for this approach to their study. SCIENTIFIC QUESTION The dinoflagellates are the major causative agent responsible for harmful algal blooms and paralytic shellfish poisoning around the world. However, our understanding of them is still extremely limited owing to their unusual features, such as large genome size and permanently condensed chromosomes, which impedes the monitoring, mitigation and prevention of HABs. TECHNICAL SIGNIFICANCE Proteomics, a large-scale study of the structure and function of proteins in complex biological samples, has been introduced to the study of marine dinoflagellates and has shown its powerful potential with regard to revealing their physiological and metabolic characteristics. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This review summarizes recent progress in marine dinoflagellate proteomics with regard to methodology, cell growth, toxin biosynthesis, environmental stress, cell wall and surface, and symbiosis, and discusses the limitations and prospects for this approach to dinoflagellate study. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Dong HP, Williams E, Wang DZ, Xie ZX, Hsia RC, Jenck A, Halden R, Li J, Chen F, Place AR. Responses of Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 to Long-Term Nitrogen Starvation and Recovery. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:1110-26. [PMID: 23637339 PMCID: PMC3668043 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.214320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Nannochloropsis genus contains oleaginous microalgae that have served as model systems for developing renewable biodiesel. Recent genomic and transcriptomic studies on Nannochloropsis species have provided insights into the regulation of lipid production in response to nitrogen stress. Previous studies have focused on the responses of Nannochloropsis species to short-term nitrogen stress, but the effect of long-term nitrogen deprivation remains largely unknown. In this study, physiological and proteomic approaches were combined to understand the mechanisms by which Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 is able to endure long-term nitrate deprivation and its ability to recover homeostasis when nitrogen is amended. Changes of the proteome during chronic nitrogen starvation espoused the physiological changes observed, and there was a general trend toward recycling nitrogen and storage of lipids. This was evidenced by a global down-regulation of protein expression, a retained expression of proteins involved in glycolysis and the synthesis of fatty acids, as well as an up-regulation of enzymes used in nitrogen scavenging and protein turnover. Also, lipid accumulation and autophagy of plastids may play a key role in maintaining cell vitality. Following the addition of nitrogen, there were proteomic changes and metabolic changes observed within 24 h, which resulted in a return of the culture to steady state within 4 d. These results demonstrate the ability of N. oceanica IMET1 to recover from long periods of nitrate deprivation without apparent detriment to the culture and provide proteomic markers for genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Po Dong
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.-P.D.)
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (H.-P.D., E.W., F.C., A.R.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (D.-z.W., Z.-X.X.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (R.-c.H.)
- Center for Environmental Security Biodesign Institute/Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (A.J., R.H.); and
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China (J.L.)
| | - Ernest Williams
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.-P.D.)
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (H.-P.D., E.W., F.C., A.R.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (D.-z.W., Z.-X.X.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (R.-c.H.)
- Center for Environmental Security Biodesign Institute/Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (A.J., R.H.); and
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China (J.L.)
| | - Da-zhi Wang
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.-P.D.)
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (H.-P.D., E.W., F.C., A.R.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (D.-z.W., Z.-X.X.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (R.-c.H.)
- Center for Environmental Security Biodesign Institute/Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (A.J., R.H.); and
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China (J.L.)
| | - Zhang-Xian Xie
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.-P.D.)
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (H.-P.D., E.W., F.C., A.R.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (D.-z.W., Z.-X.X.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (R.-c.H.)
- Center for Environmental Security Biodesign Institute/Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (A.J., R.H.); and
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China (J.L.)
| | - Ru-ching Hsia
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.-P.D.)
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (H.-P.D., E.W., F.C., A.R.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (D.-z.W., Z.-X.X.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (R.-c.H.)
- Center for Environmental Security Biodesign Institute/Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (A.J., R.H.); and
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China (J.L.)
| | - Alizée Jenck
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.-P.D.)
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (H.-P.D., E.W., F.C., A.R.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (D.-z.W., Z.-X.X.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (R.-c.H.)
- Center for Environmental Security Biodesign Institute/Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (A.J., R.H.); and
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China (J.L.)
| | - Rolf Halden
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.-P.D.)
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (H.-P.D., E.W., F.C., A.R.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (D.-z.W., Z.-X.X.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (R.-c.H.)
- Center for Environmental Security Biodesign Institute/Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (A.J., R.H.); and
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China (J.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.-P.D.)
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (H.-P.D., E.W., F.C., A.R.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (D.-z.W., Z.-X.X.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (R.-c.H.)
- Center for Environmental Security Biodesign Institute/Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (A.J., R.H.); and
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China (J.L.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Research Center for Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.-P.D.)
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (H.-P.D., E.W., F.C., A.R.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China (D.-z.W., Z.-X.X.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21202 (R.-c.H.)
- Center for Environmental Security Biodesign Institute/Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (A.J., R.H.); and
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and BioEnergy Genome Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China (J.L.)
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Comparative proteomic analysis reveals proteins putatively involved in toxin biosynthesis in the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:213-32. [PMID: 23340676 PMCID: PMC3564168 DOI: 10.3390/md11010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alexandrium is a neurotoxin-producing dinoflagellate genus resulting in paralytic shellfish poisonings around the world. However, little is known about the toxin biosynthesis mechanism in Alexandrium. This study compared protein profiles of A. catenella collected at different toxin biosynthesis stages (non-toxin synthesis, initial toxin synthesis and toxin synthesizing) coupled with the cell cycle, and identified differentially expressed proteins using 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. The results showed that toxin biosynthesis of A. catenella occurred within a defined time frame in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Proteomic analysis indicated that 102 protein spots altered significantly in abundance (P < 0.05), and 53 proteins were identified using database searching. These proteins were involved in a variety of biological processes, i.e., protein modification and biosynthesis, metabolism, cell division, oxidative stress, transport, signal transduction, and translation. Among them, nine proteins with known functions in paralytic shellfish toxin-producing cyanobacteria, i.e., methionine S-adenosyltransferase, chloroplast ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, S-adenosylhomocysteinase, adenosylhomocysteinase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, sulfotransferase (similar to), alcohol dehydrogenase and arginine deiminase, varied significantly at different toxin biosynthesis stages and formed an interaction network, indicating that they might be involved in toxin biosynthesis in A. catenella. This study is the first step in the dissection of the behavior of the A. catenella proteome during different toxin biosynthesis stages and provides new insights into toxin biosynthesis in dinoflagellates.
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Wang DZ, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang YY, He ZP, Lin L, Hong HS. Quantitative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the toxicity-lost mutant of Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae) in the exponential phase. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5564-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang D, Lin L, Wang M, Li C, Hong H. Proteomic analysis of a toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella under different growth phases and conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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