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Huang X, Zhang T, Wang X, Wang S, Nie M, Luo X, Yang M, Zou X. A simplified D 3 -creatine dilution method for skeletal muscle mass determination with dynamic correction of creatinine and D 3 -creatinine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5724. [PMID: 37589257 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a simple method for muscle mass determination based on D3 -creatine dilution by removing the matrix effects of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis through mutual correction of creatinine and D3 -creatinine. Rats were administered an oral tracer dose of D3 -creatine at age 6 weeks. Creatinine and D3 -creatinine in urine were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after diluting 20 times to obtain D3 -creatinine enrichment factor (mole percent excess). The mole percent excess obtained from peak area could be used to calculate muscle mass using the improved formula. The limit of detection was 0.500 ng/mL for D3 -creatinine. Creatinine and D3 -creatinine could be mutually corrected because of the same matrix effect, and D3 -creatine spillage was negligible within 0.22%. Isotopic steady time was consistent with that obtained using conventional methods. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated the satisfying consistency between the proposed method and magnetic resonance imaging. This is a simple and rapid measuring method of muscle mass based on D3 -creatine dilution that requires no accurate quantification of creatinine and D3 -creatinine concentrations and no urine sample collection to obtain D3 -creatine spillage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianai Zhang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqiao Wang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manqing Nie
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics/Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Zou
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Science, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Vitamin C transporter SVCT1 serves a physiological role as a urate importer: functional analyses and in vivo investigations. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:489-504. [PMID: 36749388 PMCID: PMC10011331 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism in humans, is crucial because of its anti-oxidant activity and a causal relationship with hyperuricemia and gout. Several physiologically important urate transporters regulate this water-soluble metabolite in the human body; however, the existence of latent transporters has been suggested in the literature. We focused on the Escherichia coli urate transporter YgfU, a nucleobase-ascorbate transporter (NAT) family member, to address this issue. Only SLC23A proteins are members of the NAT family in humans. Based on the amino acid sequence similarity to YgfU, we hypothesized that SLC23A1, also known as sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1), might be a urate transporter. First, we identified human SVCT1 and mouse Svct1 as sodium-dependent low-affinity/high-capacity urate transporters using mammalian cell-based transport assays. Next, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system followed by the crossing of mice, we generated Svct1 knockout mice lacking both urate transporter 1 and uricase. In the hyperuricemic mice model, serum urate levels were lower than controls, suggesting that Svct1 disruption could reduce serum urate. Given that Svct1 physiologically functions as a renal vitamin C re-absorber, it could also be involved in urate re-uptake from urine, though additional studies are required to obtain deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms. Our findings regarding the dual-substrate specificity of SVCT1 expand the understanding of urate handling systems and functional evolutionary changes in NAT family proteins.
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Bello D, Chanetsa L, Christophi CA, Singh D, Setyawati MI, Christiani DC, Chotirmall SH, Ng KW, Demokritou P. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in urine and plasma of operators at six Singapore printing centers and their association with several metrics of printer-emitted nanoparticle exposures. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:913-934. [PMID: 36774544 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2175735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of nanoparticles emitted from toner-based printing equipment (TPE), such as laser printers and photocopiers, also known as PEPs, has been associated with systemic inflammation, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders, and genotoxicity. Global serum metabolomics analysis in 19 healthy TPE operators found 52 dysregulated biomolecules involved in upregulation of inflammation, immune, and antioxidant responses and downregulation of cellular energetics and cell proliferation. Here, we build on the metabolomics study by investigating the association of a panel of nine urinary OS biomarkers reflecting DNA/RNA damage (8OHdG, 8OHG, and 5OHMeU), protein/amino acid oxidation (o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine), and lipid oxidation (8-isoprostane, 4-hydroxy nonenal, and malondialdehyde [MDA]), as well as plasma total MDA and total protein carbonyl (TPC), with several nanoparticle exposure metrics in the same 19 healthy TPE operators. Plasma total MDA, urinary 5OHMeU, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine were positively, whereas o-tyrosine inversely and statistically significantly associated with PEPs exposure in multivariate models, after adjusting for age and urinary creatinine. Urinary 8OHdG, 8OHG, 5OHMeU, and total MDA in urine and plasma had group mean values higher than expected in healthy controls without PEPs exposure and comparable to those of workers experiencing low to moderate levels of oxidative stress (OS). The highest exposure group had OS biomarker values, most notably 8OHdG, 8OHG, and total MDA, that compared to workers exposed to welding fumes and titanium dioxide. Particle number concentration was the most sensitive and robust exposure metric. A combination of nanoparticle number concentration and OS potential of fresh aerosols is recommended for larger scale future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.,Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucia Chanetsa
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Costas A Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David C Christiani
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Gamma-ray Irradiation of Rodent Diets Alters the Urinary Metabolome in Rats with Chemically Induced Mammary Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100976. [PMID: 36295878 PMCID: PMC9608802 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a comparative, untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to compare urinary metabolite profiles of rats fed irradiated and non-irradiated diets. γ-Irradiated and non-irradiated NIH 7001 diet was given orally to animals beginning 5 days after exposure to the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and continued for 120 days. There was a 36% reduction in mammary tumor incidence in rats consuming the γ-irradiated diet, compared to rats receiving the non-irradiated form of the same diet. Urine samples from rats fed with γ-irradiated and non-irradiated diets were analyzed using nanoLC-MS/MS on a Q-TOF mass spectrometer, collecting positive and negative ion data. Data processing involved feature detection and alignment with MS-DIAL, normalization, mean-centering and Pareto scaling, and univariate and multivariate statistical analysis using MetaboAnalyst, and pathway analysis with Mummichog. Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis and supervised Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis of both negative and positive ions revealed separation of the two groups. The top 25 metabolites from variable importance in projection scores >1 showed their contributions in discriminating urines the γ-irradiated diet fed group from non-irradiated control diet group. Consumption of the γ-irradiated diet led to alteration of several gut microbial metabolites such as phenylacetylglycine, indoxyl sulfate, kynurenic acid, hippurate and betaine in the urine. This study provides insights into metabolic changes in rat urine in response to a γ-irradiated diet which may be associated with mammary cancer prevention.
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Masood MA, Khatoon R, Veenstra TD. Quantitative analysis of specific androgens in serum and urine samples from male, pre, and postmenopausal subjects using LC-MRM-MS. Steroids 2022; 185:109060. [PMID: 35690120 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are endogenous hormones that play a crucial role in the paracrine and intracrine hormone system to perform and maintain vital physiological functions. Altered levels of androgens are implicated in many diseases such as sexual dysregulation, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and heart diseases etc. In this manuscript we describe a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for quantitatively measuring specific androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, androsterone sulphate, androstenedione, and dihydrotestosterone in serum and urine samples. Serum acquired from nine different subjects (three pre-menopausal women, three postmenopausal women, and three healthy males) were used to evaluate the developed methods. In the sample preparation methods for serum either protein precipitation or liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was used while the analysis of urinary androgens used LLE. The extracted androgens were quantitatively measured using LC-MRM-MS to which known amounts of stable isotope labeled standards were added. This manuscript also presents a LC-MRM-MS method mode for the analysis of oxime derivatized androgens potentially to enhance the sensitivity of the assay if required, from urine and venous-drawn serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Athar Masood
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, NCI-Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Rafia Khatoon
- Novavax Inc, 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Timothy D Veenstra
- Present Address: School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, 251 N Main St, Cedarville, OH 45314, USA
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Assessment of creatinine concentration in whole blood spheroids using paper spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14308. [PMID: 35995992 PMCID: PMC9395369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification of blood creatinine is important to estimate the glomerular filtration rate. Existing techniques using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) have a high accuracy and eliminate most interferences encountered in routine enzymatic and Jaffé methods. However, they require laborious and time-consuming sample treatment and data acquisition. The aim of this study is to develop a fast and simple method to enable a direct analysis of whole blood creatinine with performance measures that are comparable to conventional LC–MS/MS. 5μL whole blood is formed as a three-dimensional spheroid on hydrophobic silanized paper substrates which then undergoes paper-spray ionization—tandem mass spectrometry (PSI–MS/MS). The method is validated using real human samples and compared with LC–MS/MS. PSI–MS/MS whole blood analysis exhibited a lower limit of quantification of 2.5 μg/mL, precision ≤ 6.3%, recovery in the range of 88–94% and excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99; 2.5—20 μg/mL) covering the normal range for creatinine levels. Creatinine levels were comparable to those measured by LC–MS/MS with small deviations of less than 0.3 μg/mL. This simple, fast and accurate microsampling technique for direct analysis of creatinine from whole blood shows promise for routine clinical screening and monitoring. This approach can be readily extended for other analytes of interest and, due to inherent advantages relating to cost, storability, speed, and simplicity, it can be especially advantageous for use in resource-limited settings.
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Comparison of three parallelism assessment methods of biomarker quantification by LC-MS/MS: a case study of the bioanalysis of creatinine in human urine samples. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:279-287. [PMID: 35188423 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently, no regulatory guidelines are available for parallelism assessment for LC-MS biomarker quantification. Spike recovery, standard addition and dilutional linearity are recommended with no mention of the implications of applying these approaches. Results: Here, using human urine creatinine, the authors compared spike recovery and standard addition in LC-MS biomarker quantification, and evaluated a new hybrid approach: parallelism QCs. The authors drew different conclusions based on which approach was used (<15% cutoff). Conclusion: Current recommended approaches may lead to different conclusions and are not equivalent and interchangeable. The authors recommend that standard addition should be the universal 'go-to' method for LC-MS biomarker parallelism assessment; parallelism QCs, which consider the total concentration as the theoretical value, can be used if the authentic matrix is limited.
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Zhang Y, Bello A, Ryan DK, Demokritou P, Bello D. Elevated Urinary Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage in Photocopier Operators following Acute and Chronic Exposures. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040715. [PMID: 35215044 PMCID: PMC8878876 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposures to nanoparticles (NPs) from printers and photocopiers have been associated with upper airway and systemic inflammation, increased blood pressure, and cases of autoimmune and respiratory disorders. In this study we investigate oxidative stress induced by exposures to copier-emitted nanoparticles using a panel of urinary oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers representing DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG; 8-hydroxyguanosine, 8-OHG; 5-hydroxymethyl uracil 5-OHMeU), lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane; 4-hydroxynonenal, HNE), and protein oxidation biomarkers (o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine) under conditions of acute (single 6 h exposure, 9 volunteers, 110 urine samples) and chronic exposures (6 workers, 11 controls, 81 urine samples). Urinary biomarkers were quantified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction sample cleanup. 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 8-isoprostane, and HNE were significantly elevated in both the acute and chronic exposure study participants relative to the controls. In the acute exposure study, the geometric mean ratios post-/pre-exposure were 1.42, 1.10, 2.0, and 2.25, respectively. Urinary 8-OHG and HNE increased with time to at least 36 h post-exposure (post-/pre-exposure GM ratios increased to 3.94 and 2.33, respectively), suggesting slower generation and/or urinary excretion kinetics for these biomarkers. In chronically exposed operators, the GM ratios of urinary biomarkers relative to controls ranged from 1.52 to 2.94, depending on the biomarker. O-Tyrosine and 5-OHMeU biomarkers were not significantly different from the controls. 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine were not detected in the urine samples. We conclude that NPs from photocopiers induce systemic oxidative stress by damaging DNA, RNA, and lipids. Urinary levels of 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, HNE, and 8-isoprostane were orders of magnitude higher than in nanocomposite processing workers, comparable to nano titanium dioxide and fiberglass manufacturing workers, but much lower than in shipyard welding and carbon nanotube synthesis workers. Biomarkers 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 8-isoprostane, and HNE appear to be more sensitive and robust urinary biomarkers for monitoring oxidative stress to NPs from photocopiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.K.R.)
| | - Anila Bello
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - David K. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.K.R.)
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Correspondence:
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Bello A, Xue Y, Bello D. Urinary biomonitoring of occupational exposures to Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE) - based epoxy resins among construction painters in metal structure coating. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106632. [PMID: 34020298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resin systems based on Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE) monomer and its higher oligomers are important commercial formulations used widely in construction for protective coating of steel structures, such as bridges. The literature on occupational exposures and biomonitoring of BADGE-based epoxies among construction painters is remarkably limited. In this first occupational biomonitoring study of epoxies, 44 construction painters performing mid- and top-coating were recruited from 12 metal structure coating sites in New England. Cross-shift changes in the urinary levels of total BADGE and its three major hydrolysis derivatives - BADGE·2H2O, BADGE·H2O, BADGE·HCl·H2O - were assessed. Results for 81 urine samples collected from coating workers were compared with 28 urine samples of a reference group of 14 spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation workers. The highest concentrations of all biomarkers were found in the urine samples of mid-coat applicators. The major urinary biomarker of BADGE in this cohort of workers, BADGE·2H2O, was detected in 100% of urine samples. The post-shift BADGE·2H2O (specific gravity normalized data) in mid-coat applicators had a geometric mean (GM) of 1.46 ng/mL and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 3.6 (range, 0.2-18.7 ng/mL). The second most abundant biomarker in urine, BADGE·HCl·H2O, was measured in 84% of samples, and had a post-shift GM(GSD) of 0.17 (2.3) ng/mL (range, <0.025-0.59 ng/mL). BADGE·2H2O was 8.6 times more abundant than BADGE·HCl·H2O. BADGE·H2O was quantified only in 10% of the samples (range, 0.11-0.41 ng/mL). Free BADGE in post-shift urine, corrected for background, had GM (GSD) of 0.04 (2.5) ng/mL (range, <0.025-0.16 ng/mL). Urinary BADGE·2H2O were significantly higher (p = 0.01) in mid-coat applicators compared to top-coat and SPF workers. Post-shift urinary BADGE·2H2O in mid-coat applicators increased by ~2.9× (p = 0.02) and 1.36× in top-coat applicators (p = 0.18) compared to pre-shift values, but not in SPF workers (0.95×; p = 0.40). In conclusion, we demonstrate that (i) significant BADGE uptake occurs via inhalation and skin exposures during application of epoxy-containing paintings (mid-coat), suggesting the need for improvements in hygiene practices and personal protective measures; (ii) BADGE·2H2O is a robust and sensitive biomarker for biomonitoring of exposures to BADGE-based epoxies in occupational settings; and (iii) widespread occurrence of BADGE and BADGE·2H2O in the urine of all workers, including SPF workers, suggest common exposures from non-occupational sources, such as ingestion or do-it-yourself consumer applications of epoxy resins. In light of this observation, establishing a reliable biological monitoring guidance value (BMGV) for BADGE·2H2O will require more background biomonitoring and health effect data. An initial reference value for BADGE·2H2O of 0.5 ng/mL (SG-normalized) or 180 nmol/mol creatinine is being proposed as the threshold to discriminate occupational from non-occupational exposures based on the maximum values observed in the reference SPF group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Bello
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, Lowell, MA 01854, United States
| | - Yalong Xue
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, Lowell, MA 01854, United States
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
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Masood MA, Veenstra TD. LC-MS-sMRM method development and validation of different classes of pain panel drugs and analysis of clinical urine samples. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:533-550. [PMID: 33135384 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Urine drug testing (UDT) is an important analytical/bio-analytical technique that has inevitably become an integral and vital part of a testing programme for diagnostic purposes. This manuscript presents a tailor-made LC-MS/MS quantitative assay method development and validation for a custom group of 33 pain panel drugs and their metabolites belonging to different classes (opiates, opioids, benzodiazepines, illicit, amphetamines, etc.) that are prescribed in pain management and depressant therapies. The LC-MS/MS method incorporates two experiments to enhance the sensitivity of the assay and has a run time of about 7 minutes with no prior purification of the samples required and a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The method also includes the second-stage metabolites for some drugs that belong to different classes but have first-stage similar metabolic pathways that will enable to correctly identify the right drug or to flag the drug that might be due to specimen tampering. Some real case examples and difficulties in peak picking were provided with some of the analytes in subject samples. Finally, the method was deliberated with some randomly selected de-identified clinical subject samples, and the data evaluated from "direct dilute and shoot analysis" and after "glucuronide hydrolysis" were compared. This method is now used to run routinely more than 100 clinical subject samples on a daily basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Athar Masood
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy D Veenstra
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Preparation of Isotopically Labelled Standards of Creatinine Via H/D Exchange and Their Application in Quantitative Analysis by LC-MS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071514. [PMID: 32225084 PMCID: PMC7180833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in a body. Serum creatinine concentration is a simple test used as an indicator of renal function. One of the known ways of quantifying creatinine concentration is the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method, using an isotopically labeled analog of creatinine as an internal standard. Unfortunately, such isotope-labeled analogs are expensive and their synthesis is complex. Here we demonstrate a facile preparation of deuterated analogues of creatinine, via the H/D exchange of hydrogens located at the α-carbon (α-C) of the N-methylated amino acid part, under basic conditions. The stability of retrieved isotopologues was analyzed under both neutral or acidic conditions, and the results revealed that the introduced deuterons do not undergo back-exchange. In addition, the coelution of deuterated and non-deuterated forms under acidic and neutral conditions was observed. The prepared isotopologues were successfully applied in the quantitative LC-MS analysis of urine samples, and the results demonstrated that the presented strategy is novel and inexpensive, and that the quantification correlates with the commonly used Jaffe test method.
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Zhang N, Lu M, Duan X, Liu CC, Wang H. In situ calibration of Direct Analysis in Real Time-mass spectrometry for direct quantification: Urine excretion rate index creatinine as an example. Talanta 2019; 201:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zahoor N, Danilenko U, Vesper HW. A fully automated high-throughput liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring creatinine in urine. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (DEL MAR, CALIF.) 2019; 11:1-7. [PMID: 34414261 PMCID: PMC8372835 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reliable creatinine measurements are important to evaluate kidney function and for creatinine correction to reduce biological variability of other urinary analytes. A high-throughput, accurate liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitation of human urinary creatinine has been developed and validated. Sample preparation was fully automated including cryovial decapping, sample ID scanning and two serial dilution steps. Quantitation was performed using a stable isotope-labeled internal standard. Multiplexed chromatographic separation of creatinine was achieved within a one-minute analysis and followed by tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. The precursor and product ions of creatinine and D3-creatinine were monitored in selected reaction monitoring mode. Method validation results showed reproducibility with within-run precision of 3.59, 3.49 and 2.84% and between-run precision of 4.01, 3.28 and 3.57% for low, medium and high quality control materials prepared from pooled donor urine, respectively. The method showed excellent accuracy with a bias of -1.94%, -0.78% and -1.07% for three levels of certified reference material. The calibration curve was linear throughout a 7.50-300 mg/dL (0.663-26.5 mmol/L) measurement range (R2 = 0.999), with the mean slope of 0.0115 (95%CI, 0.0108-0.0122) and intercept of 0.0027 (95%CI, 0.0003-0.0051). The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 3.17 mg/dL (0.280 mmol/L). Analytical specificity was achieved by chromatographically separating creatinine from potentially interfering creatine within a one-minute run and monitoring the Quantitation Ion/Confirmation Ion (QI/CI) ratios in samples. A simple, accurate, high-throughput method was successfully developed for measuring creatinine in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Zahoor
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Uliana Danilenko
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Hubert W. Vesper
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Dziadosz M. Adduct Formation-Supported Two-Way Electrospray Ionization Strategy for the Determination of Urinary Creatinine Concentration with LC–MS-MS in Abstinence Control. J Anal Toxicol 2018; 42:625-629. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Dziadosz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, Germany
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Jurdáková H, Górová R, Addová G, Šalingová A, Ostrovský I. FIA-MS/MS determination of creatinine in urine samples undergoing butylation. Anal Biochem 2018; 549:113-118. [PMID: 29567404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Flow injection analysis-tandem mass spectrometry has become widely used for analysis of many biomarkers in various biological matrices. To improve the sensitivity, the compounds are often determined as their butylesters. Since the concentration of urinary excreted compounds are generally reported after normalization to creatinine, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of creatinine determination in urine samples which underwent butylation. The impact of derivatization on urinary creatinine determination was investigated by measuring of underivatized and derivatized samples. The 10% creatine to creatinine conversion was observed during butylation, what above 700 μmol creatine/mmol creatinine caused significant creatinine overestimation. In that case, correction for creatine conversion rate was done. QC samples at six concentration levels were examined and precision and accuracy values fulfill the European Medicine Agency validation requirements. The elaborated method was applied for determination of creatinine in 41 real human urine samples. Determined creatinine concentrations were in the range of 0.27-22.3 mmol/L, linearity was confirmed within the concentration range of 0.27-31.7 mmol/L. Obtained results highly correlated with routinely used enzymatic assay for all tested samples and proposed method provide reliable determination of creatinine in butylated urine in a single run with butylesters of other analytes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Jurdáková
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Renáta Górová
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Addová
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Šalingová
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Comenius University Children's Hospital, Limbová 1, 83340 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Ostrovský
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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A validated LC–MS/MS method for the quantitative measurement of creatinine as an endogenous biomarker in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1997-2005. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Creatinine is an endogenous compound generated from creatine by normal muscular metabolism. It is an important indicator of renal function and the serum level is routinely monitored in clinical labs. Results & methodology: Surrogate analyte (d3-creatinine) was used for calibration standard and quality control preparation and the relative instrument response ratio between creatinine and d3-creatinine was used to calculate the endogenous creatinine concentrations. Conclusion: A fit-for-purpose strategy of using a surrogate analyte and authentic matrix was adopted for this validation. The assay was the first human plasma assay using such strategy and was successfully applied to a clinical study to confirm a transient elevation of creatinine observed using an existing clinical assay.
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Wu Y, Li L. Sample normalization methods in quantitative metabolomics. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1430:80-95. [PMID: 26763302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To reveal metabolomic changes caused by a biological event in quantitative metabolomics, it is critical to use an analytical tool that can perform accurate and precise quantification to examine the true concentration differences of individual metabolites found in different samples. A number of steps are involved in metabolomic analysis including pre-analytical work (e.g., sample collection and storage), analytical work (e.g., sample analysis) and data analysis (e.g., feature extraction and quantification). Each one of them can influence the quantitative results significantly and thus should be performed with great care. Among them, the total sample amount or concentration of metabolites can be significantly different from one sample to another. Thus, it is critical to reduce or eliminate the effect of total sample amount variation on quantification of individual metabolites. In this review, we describe the importance of sample normalization in the analytical workflow with a focus on mass spectrometry (MS)-based platforms, discuss a number of methods recently reported in the literature and comment on their applicability in real world metabolomics applications. Sample normalization has been sometimes ignored in metabolomics, partially due to the lack of a convenient means of performing sample normalization. We show that several methods are now available and sample normalization should be performed in quantitative metabolomics where the analyzed samples have significant variations in total sample amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G2, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G2, Canada.
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Zhang X, Hou H, Xiong W, Hu Q. Development of a method to detect three monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:514320. [PMID: 25973283 PMCID: PMC4418005 DOI: 10.1155/2015/514320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP), and 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene (3-OHBaA) in human urine has been developed. With the exception of 3-OHBaP at a low spiking level, the average recoveries were greater than 80%. The method has good accuracy (72.1-107.7%) and reproducibility (1.8-11.4%) and was successfully used to study the uptake of pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[a]anthracene from cigarette smoke. The results indicated that urinary 1-OHP concentration in the smoking group (66.58 ± 70.91 ng/g creatinine) was higher than that observed in the nonsmoking group (58.16 ± 49.48 ng/g creatinine). Urinary 3-OHBaA concentrations in nonsmokers and smokers with 8 mg and 10 mg tar cigarettes were 10.98 ± 4.39 ng/g creatinine, 11.01 ± 13.30 ng/g creatinine, and 9.17 ± 12.89 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Urinary 3-OHBaP concentrations in nonsmokers and smokers with 8 mg and 13 mg tar cigarettes were 1.30 ± 0.20 ng/g creatinine, 2.83 ± 1.78 ng/g creatinine, and 6.00 ± 4.44 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Urinary 1-OHP levels exhibited a significant correlation with BaP yield in cigarette smoke under the Canadian intense smoking condition (y = 3.5563x + 30.171, R (2) = 0.9916, n = 227).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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West CE, Rhodes BN. Determination of Urinary Creatinine in Washington State Residents via Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2014; 2014:247316. [PMID: 25614740 PMCID: PMC4295589 DOI: 10.1155/2014/247316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A viable, quick, and reliable method for determining urinary creatinine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed and used to evaluate spot urine samples collected for the Washington Environmental Biomonitoring Survey (WEBS): part of the Washington State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratories (PHL). 50 µL of urine was mixed with a 1 : 1 acetonitrile/water solution containing deuterated creatinine as the internal standard and then analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Utilizing electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode, the transition ions for creatinine and creatinine-d3 were determined to be 114.0 to 44.1 (quantifier), 114.0 to 86.1 (qualifier), and 117.0 to 47.1 (creatinine-d3). The retention time for creatinine was 0.85 minutes. The linear calibration range was 20-4000 mg/L, with a limit of detection at 1.77 mg/L and a limit of quantitation at 5.91 mg/L. LC/MS/MS and the colorimetric Jaffé reaction were associated significantly (Pearson r = 0.9898 and R (2) = 0.9797, ρ ≤ 0.0001). The LC/MS/MS method developed at the PHL to determine creatinine in the spot urine samples had shorter retention times, and was more sensitive, reliable, reproducible, and safer than other LC/MS/MS or commercial methods such as the Jaffé reaction or modified versions thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. West
- The Washington State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratories, 1610 NE 150th Street, Shoreline, WA 98155, USA
| | - Blaine N. Rhodes
- The Washington State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratories, 1610 NE 150th Street, Shoreline, WA 98155, USA
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