1
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Lanzi C, Cassinelli G. Combinatorial strategies to potentiate the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in fusion-positive sarcomas. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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2
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Fiore M, Sambri A, Spinnato P, Zucchini R, Giannini C, Caldari E, Pirini MG, De Paolis M. The Biology of Synovial Sarcoma: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:109. [PMID: 34687366 PMCID: PMC8541977 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New molecular insights are being achieved in synovial sarcoma (SS) that can provide new potential diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets. In particular, the advancement of research on epigenomics and gene regulation is promising. The concrete hypothesis that the pathogenesis of SS might mainly depend on the disruption of the balance of the complex interaction between epigenomic regulatory complexes and the consequences on gene expression opens interesting new perspectives. The standard of care for primary SS is wide surgical resection combined with radiation in selected cases. The role of chemotherapy is still under refinement and can be considered in patients at high risk of metastasis or in those with advanced disease. Cytotoxic chemotherapy (anthracyclines, ifosfamide, trabectedin, and pazopanib) is the treatment of choice, despite several possible side effects. Many possible drug-able targets have been identified. However, the impact of these strategies in improving SS outcome is still limited, thus making current and future research strongly needed to improve the survival of patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiore
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Sambri
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Emilia Caldari
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Pirini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Paolis
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Angione SDA, Akalu AY, Gartrell J, Fletcher EP, Burckart GJ, Reaman GH, Leong R, Stewart CF. Fusion Oncoproteins in Childhood Cancers: Potential Role in Targeted Therapy. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:541-555. [PMID: 34421403 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.6.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death from disease in children. Historically, in contrast to their adult counterparts, the causes of pediatric malignancies have remained largely unknown, with most pediatric cancers displaying low mutational burdens. Research related to molecular genetics in pediatric cancers is advancing our understanding of potential drivers of tumorigenesis and opening new opportunities for targeted therapies. One such area is fusion oncoproteins, which are a product of chromosomal rearrangements resulting in the fusion of different genes. They have been identified as oncogenic drivers in several sarcomas and leukemias. Continued advancement in the understanding of the biology of fusion oncoproteins will contribute to the discovery and development of new therapies for childhood cancers. Here we review the current scientific knowledge on fusion oncoproteins, focusing on pediatric sarcomas and hematologic cancers, and highlight the challenges and current efforts in developing drugs to target fusion oncoproteins.
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4
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Song Y, Liu X, Wang F, Wang X, Cheng G, Peng C. Identification of Metastasis-Associated Biomarkers in Synovial Sarcoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:530892. [PMID: 33061942 PMCID: PMC7518102 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.530892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a highly aggressive soft tissue tumor with high risk of local recurrence and metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying SS metastasis are still largely unclear. The purpose of this study is to screen metastasis-associated biomarkers in SS by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Two mRNA datasets (GSE40018 and GSE40021) were selected to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for DEGs. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. The module analysis of the PPI network and hub genes validation were performed using Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the hub genes were performed using WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit (WebGestalt). The expression levels and survival analysis of hub genes were further assessed through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. In total, 213 overlapping DEGs were identified, of which 109 were upregulated and 104 were downregulated. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were predominantly involved in mitosis and cell division. KEGG pathways analysis demonstrated that most DEGs were significantly enriched in cell cycle pathway. GSEA revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in oocyte meiosis, cell cycle and DNA replication pathways. A key module was identified and 10 hub genes (CENPF, KIF11, KIF23, TTK, MKI67, TOP2A, CDC45, MELK, AURKB, and BUB1) were screened out. The expression and survival analysis disclosed that the 10 hub genes were upregulated in SS patients and could result in significantly reduced survival. Our study identified a series of metastasis-associated biomarkers involved in the progression of SS, and may provide novel therapeutic targets for SS metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Di Mauro I, Mescam-Mancini L, Chetaille B, Lae M, Pierron G, Dadone-Montaudie B, Bazin A, Bouvier C, Michiels JF, Pedeutour F. MDM2 amplification and fusion gene ss18-ssx in a poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma: A rare but puzzling conjunction. Neoplasia 2020; 22:311-321. [PMID: 32559641 PMCID: PMC7303914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The detection of specific alterations by genetic analyses has been included in the diagnostic criterions of the World Health Organization's classification of soft tissues tumors since 2013. The presence of a SS18 rearrangement is pathognomonic of synovial sarcoma (SS). MDM2 amplification is strongly correlated to well-differentiated or dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) in the context of sarcoma. We identified one case of poorly differentiated sarcoma harboring both SS18-SSX2 fusion and MDM2 amplification. The review of the literature showed high discrepancies, concerning the incidence of MDM2 amplification in SS: from 1.4% up to 40%. Our goal was to precisely determine the specific clinico-pathological features of this case and to estimate the frequency and characteristics of the association of SS18-SSX fusion/MDM2 amplification in sarcomas. We performed a retrospective and prospective study in 96 sarcomas, (56 SS and 40 DDLPS), using FISH and/or array-CGH to detect MDM2 amplification and SS18 rearrangement. None of the 96 cases presented both genetic alterations. Among the SS, only the index case (1/57: 1.7 %) presented the double anomaly. We concluded that MDM2 amplification in SS is a very rare event. The final diagnosis of the index case was a SS with SS18-SSX2 and MDM2 amplification as a secondary alteration. If the detection of MDM2 amplification is performed first in a poorly differentiated sarcoma, that may lead to not search other anomalies such as SS18 rearrangement and therefore to an erroneous diagnosis. This observation emphasizes the strong complementarity between histomorphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular studies in sarcoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Di Mauro
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Nice, France
| | | | - Bruno Chetaille
- Department of Cancer Biology, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseille, France
| | - Marick Lae
- Department of Pathology, Curie Institute, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Henri Becquerel Center, INSERM U1245, UniRouen Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | | | - Bérengère Dadone-Montaudie
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Nice, France; Central Laboratory of Pathology, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Audrey Bazin
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Nice, France
| | - Corinne Bouvier
- Department of Pathology, Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- Central Laboratory of Pathology, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Nice, France.
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6
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Li X, Seebacher NA, Xiao T, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Targeting regulation of cyclin dependent kinase 9 as a novel therapeutic strategy in synovial sarcoma. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:510-521. [PMID: 30488489 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcomas hold a low genomic complexity, making it distinct from other types of soft-tissue sarcomas. Many studies focused on targeting the SS18-SSX fusion protein, which presents in over 90% of human synovial sarcomas. This protein acts as an oncogenic promoter in the tumorigenesis of synovial sarcomas, making it an ideal therapeutic target. However, to date there have been no effective strategies targeting SS18-SSX for the treatment of synovial sarcomas. Therefore, it is an urgent need to identify alternative therapeutic targets. More recently, CDK9, a protein involved in RNA transcription regulation, has been investigated for its role in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the expression and function of CDK9 in synovial sarcomas remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that CDK9 was to be largely localized to the cell nucleus, and highly expressed in all tested human synovial sarcoma cell lines and over 90% of human sarcoma tissue microarray samples. High-CDK9 expression was associated with a poorer patient prognosis of human sarcomas. Inhibition of CDK9, with either siRNA or a CDK9 inhibitor, prevented synovial sarcoma cell growth and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. This was also accompanied with a reduction in the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and an increase in the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, CDK9 inhibition decreased sarcoma cell spheroid formation and cell motility. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of CDK9 in human synovial sarcoma cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, CDK9 may represent a promising target for the treatment of synovial sarcomas. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:510-521, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, California, 90095.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicole A Seebacher
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S., Los Angeles, California, 90095
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7
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Peng C, Song Y, Chen W, Wang X, Liu X, Wang F, Wu D, Ma S, Wang X, Gao C. FLVCR1 promotes the proliferation and tumorigenicity of synovial sarcoma through inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy. Int J Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29532854 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor 1 (FLVCR1) has been reported to have a crucial role in variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell death, apoptosis, oxidative stress response, cellular differentiation and metabolism. However, little is known about its role in synovial sarcoma (SS). In the current study, FLVCR1 expression was analyzed in two SS cell lines (SW982 and HS-SY-II), and in eight SS tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNAs were used to knock down FLVCR1 expression in SW982 and HS-SY-II cells. The effects of FLVCR1 knockdown on the cell proliferation, clonogenicity, cell cycle and apoptosis in SS cells were evaluated by MTT, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, western blotting and in vivo tumorigenesis in nude mice. In the current study, gene expression of FLVCR1 was upregulated in SS cell lines (SW982 and HS-SY-II) and SS tissues from patients. The protein levels of FLVCR1 in SS tissues were also significantly higher than in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Furthermore, suppressing the expression of FLVCR1 in SS cells using short hairpin RNA effectively attenuated cell proliferation, colony formation and impaired the cell cycle, and also significantly induced apoptosis and autophagy. In accordance with this, an in vivo tumorigenicity assay in mice demonstrated that suppression of FLVCR1 expression inhibited the growth of SS tumors implanted subcutaneously. Collectively, these results demonstrated that FLVCR1 may act as an oncoprotein, and have key roles in promoting proliferation and tumorigenicity of SS, and this may shed new light on finding novel therapeutic strategies against SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Dongjin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Shengzhong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Chunzheng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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de Necochea-Campion R, Zuckerman LM, Mirshahidi HR, Khosrowpour S, Chen CS, Mirshahidi S. Metastatic biomarkers in synovial sarcoma. Biomark Res 2017; 5:4. [PMID: 28191313 PMCID: PMC5297148 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-017-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that typically occurs in the extremities near a joint. Metastatic disease is common and usually occurs in the lungs and lymph nodes. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment with chemotherapy and radiation typically used as adjuvant treatment. Although chemotherapy has a positive impact on survival, the prognosis is poor if metastatic disease occurs. The biology of sarcoma invasion and metastasis remain poorly understood. Chromosomal translocation with fusion of the SYT and SSX genes has been described and is currently used as a diagnostic marker, although the full impact of the fusion is unknown. Multiple biomarkers have been found to be associated with SS and are currently under investigation regarding their pathways and mechanisms of action. Further research is needed in order to develop better diagnostic screening tools and understanding of tumor behavior. Development of targeted therapies that reduce metastatic events in SS, would dramatically improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia de Necochea-Campion
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11017, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Lee M Zuckerman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11406 Loma Linda Drive, Suite 218, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Hamid R Mirshahidi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | | | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11017, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Chan Shun Pavilion 11017, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
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9
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Thway K, Fisher C. Synovial sarcoma: defining features and diagnostic evolution. Ann Diagn Pathol 2014; 18:369-80. [PMID: 25438927 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with variable epithelial differentiation, with a propensity to occur in young adults and which can arise at almost any site. It is generally viewed and treated as a high-grade sarcoma. As one of the first sarcomas to be defined by the presence of a specific chromosomal translocation leading to the production of the SS18-SSX fusion oncogene, it is perhaps the archetypal "translocation-associated sarcoma," and its translocation remains unique to this tumor type. Synovial sarcoma has a variety of morphologic patterns, but its chief forms are the classic biphasic pattern, of glandular or solid epithelial structures with monomorphic spindle cells and the monophasic pattern, of fascicles of spindle cells with only immunohistochemical or ultrastructural evidence of epithelial differentiation. However, there is significant morphologic heterogeneity and overlap with a variety of other neoplasms, which can cause diagnostic challenge, particularly as the immunoprofile is varied, SS18-SSX is not detected in 100% of SSs, and they may occur at unusual sites. Correct diagnosis is clinically important, due to the relative chemosensitivity of SS in relation to other sarcomas, for prognostication and because of the potential for treatment with specific targeted therapies in the near future. We review SS, with emphasis on the diagnostic spectrum, recent immunohistochemical and genetic findings, and the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London UK.
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10
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Metastatic potential is determined early in synovial sarcoma development and reflected by tumor molecular features. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:505-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Eid JE, Garcia CB. Reprogramming of mesenchymal stem cells by oncogenes. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 32:18-31. [PMID: 24938913 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originate from embryonic mesoderm and give rise to the multiple lineages of connective tissues. Transformed MSCs develop into aggressive sarcomas, some of which are initiated by specific chromosomal translocations that generate fusion proteins with potent oncogenic properties. The sarcoma oncogenes typically prime MSCs through aberrant reprogramming. They dictate commitment to a specific lineage but prevent mature differentiation, thus locking the cells in a state of proliferative precursors. Deregulated expression of lineage-specific transcription factors and controllers of chromatin structure play a central role in MSC reprogramming and sarcoma pathogenesis. This suggests that reversing the epigenetic aberrancies created by the sarcoma oncogenes with differentiation-related reagents holds great promise as a beneficial addition to sarcoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane E Eid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 771 Preston, Research Building, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Christina B Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, BCM320, Huston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Abate-Daga D, Speiser DE, Chinnasamy N, Zheng Z, Xu H, Feldman SA, Rosenberg SA, Morgan RA. Development of a T cell receptor targeting an HLA-A*0201 restricted epitope from the cancer-testis antigen SSX2 for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93321. [PMID: 24681846 PMCID: PMC3969312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer relies on the selection of target antigens that are highly expressed in tumor cells but absent in essential normal tissues. A group of genes that encode the cancer/testis or cancer germline antigens have been proposed as ideal targets for immunotherapy due to their high expression in multiple cancer types and their restricted expression in immunoprivileged normal tissues. In the present work we report the isolation and characterization of human T cell receptors (TCRs) with specificity for synovial sarcoma X breakpoint 2 (SSX2), a cancer/testis antigen expressed in melanoma, prostate cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and pancreatic cancer, among other tumors. We isolated seven HLA-A2 restricted T cell receptors from natural T cell clones derived from tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes of two SSX2-seropositive melanoma patients, and selected four TCRs for cloning into retroviral vectors. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) transduced with three of four SSX2 TCRs showed SSX241-49 (KASEKIFYV) peptide specific reactivity, tumor cell recognition and tetramer binding. One of these, TCR-5, exhibited tetramer binding in both CD4 and CD8 cells and was selected for further studies. Antigen-specific and HLA-A*0201-restricted interferon-γ release, cell lysis and lymphocyte proliferation was observed following culture of TCR engineered human PBL with relevant tumor cell lines. Codon optimization was found to increase TCR-5 expression in transduced T cells, and this construct has been selected for development of clinical grade viral vector producing cells. The tumor-specific pattern of expression of SSX2, along with the potent and selective activity of TCR-5, makes this TCR an attractive candidate for potential TCR gene therapy to treat multiple cancer histologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abate-Daga
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nachimuthu Chinnasamy
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hui Xu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Feldman
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Morgan
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Primary synovial sarcomas of the mediastinum: a systematic review and pooled analysis of the published literature. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2014; 2014:412527. [PMID: 24563786 PMCID: PMC3916017 DOI: 10.1155/2014/412527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background. The aim of this systematic review is to attempt to provide a descriptive analysis for cases of synovial sarcoma (SS) arising in the mediastinum and to analyze prognostic factors. Methods. We performed PubMed database search in July 2013. Twenty-two studies, which included 40 patients, form the basis of this review. Demographic and disease-related factors were analyzed for possible influence on survival. Findings were compared with extremity SS studies reported in literature. Results. Sixteen cases (40%) presented with locally advanced unresectable disease, 2 (5%) with metastatic disease, and 22 (55%) with localized resectable disease. Median tumor size was 11 cm (range: 5–20 cm). Thirty patients were assessable for survival and had a 5-year OS of 36%. Completeness of resection was the only factor associated with significant improvement in OS (5-year survival of 63% and 0% in favor of complete resection, P = 0.003). Conclusion. Mediastinal SS is associated with poor prognosis as more cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage and with larger tumor size compared to extremity SS. Complete surgical resection is the only identified factor associated with better prognosis and may result in survival outcomes that are comparable with those for localized SS of the extremity.
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Yoneda Y, Ito S, Kunisada T, Morimoto Y, Kanzaki H, Yoshida A, Shimizu K, Ozaki T, Ouchida M. Truncated SSX protein suppresses synovial sarcoma cell proliferation by inhibiting the localization of SS18-SSX fusion protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77564. [PMID: 24130893 PMCID: PMC3793959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a relatively rare high-grade soft tissue sarcoma that often develops in the limbs of young people and induces the lung and the lymph node metastasis resulting in poor prognosis. In patients with synovial sarcoma, specific chromosomal translocation of t(X; 18) (p11.2;q11.2) is observed, and SS18-SSX fusion protein expressed by this translocation is reported to be associated with pathogenesis. However, role of the fusion protein in the pathogenesis of synovial sarcoma has not yet been completely clarified. In this study, we focused on the localization patterns of SS18-SSX fusion protein. We constructed expression plasmids coding for the full length SS18-SSX, the truncated SS18 moiety (tSS18) and the truncated SSX moiety (tSSX) of SS18-SSX, tagged with fluorescent proteins. These plasmids were transfected in synovial sarcoma SYO-1 cells and we observed the expression of these proteins using a fluorescence microscope. The SS18-SSX fusion protein showed a characteristic speckle pattern in the nucleus. However, when SS18-SSX was co-expressed with tSSX, localization of SS18-SSX changed from speckle patterns to the diffused pattern similar to the localization pattern of tSSX and SSX. Furthermore, cell proliferation and colony formation of synovial sarcoma SYO-1 and YaFuSS cells were suppressed by exogenous tSSX expression. Our results suggest that the characteristic speckle localization pattern of SS18-SSX is strongly involved in the tumorigenesis through the SSX moiety of the SS18-SSX fusion protein. These findings could be applied to further understand the pathogenic mechanisms, and towards the development of molecular targeting approach for synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yoneda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sachio Ito
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanzaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Aki Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ouchida
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Salah S, Yaser S, Salem A, Al Mousa A, Abu Sheikha A, Sultan I. Factors influencing survival in metastatic synovial sarcoma: importance of patterns of metastases and the first-line chemotherapy regimen. Med Oncol 2013; 30:639. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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A Pilot Study of Anti-CTLA4 Antibody Ipilimumab in Patients with Synovial Sarcoma. Sarcoma 2013; 2013:168145. [PMID: 23554566 PMCID: PMC3608267 DOI: 10.1155/2013/168145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Patients with recurrent synovial sarcomas have few options for systemic therapy. Since they express large amounts of endogenous CT (cancer testis) antigens such as NY-ESO-1, we investigated the clinical activity of single agent anti-CTLA4 antibody ipilimumab in patients with advanced or metastatic synovial sarcoma. Methods. A Simon two-stage phase II design was used to determine if there was sufficient activity to pursue further. The primary endpoint was tumor response rate by RECIST 1.0. Patients were treated with ipilimumab 3 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks for three cycles and then restaged. Retreatment was possible for patients receiving an extra three-week break from therapy. Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected before and during therapy to assess NY-ESO-1-specific immunity. Results. Six patients were enrolled and received 1–3 cycles of ipilimumab. All patients showed clinical or radiological evidence of disease progression after no more than three cycles of therapy, for a RECIST response rate of 0%. The study was stopped for slow accrual, lack of activity, and lack of immune response. There was no evidence of clinically significant either serologic or delayed type hypersensitivity responses to NY-ESO-1 before or after therapy. Conclusion. Despite high expression of CT antigens by synovial sarcomas of patients treated in this study, there was neither clinical benefit nor evidence of anti-CT antigen serological responses. Assessment of the ability of synovial sarcoma cell lines to present cancer-germ cell antigens may be useful in determining the reason for the observed lack of immunological or clinical activity.
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