1
|
Sergio Iván MM, María Luisa ES, Hugo LM, Jazmín Ciciolil HM, Jesús SR, Uriel Yair AS, Luis SS. Diosgenyl glucosamine conjugates increase pro-apoptotic and selective activities in cancer cell lines. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e2300052. [PMID: 38408271 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Antiproliferative and apoptotic activities have been attributed to the phytosteroid diosgenin ((25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol; 1). It is known that combining glucose with two rhamnoses (the chacotrioside framework) linked to diosgenin increases its apoptotic activity. However, the effects of diosgenin glucosamine glycosides on different cancer cell types and cell death have not been entirely explored. RESULTS This study reports the antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and apoptotic activities of diosgenin and its glycosylated derivative ((25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-yl β-D-glucopyranoside; 2). It also explores the effects of two diosgenin glucosamine derivates, diosgenin 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and diosgenin 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside hydrochloride (4), on different cancer cell lines. We found that all the compounds affected proliferative activity with minimal toxicity. In addition, all cancer cell lines showed morphological and biochemical characteristics corresponding to an apoptotic process. Apoptotic cell death was higher in all cell lines treated with compounds 2, 3 and 4 than in those treated with diosgenin. Moreover, compounds 3 and 4 induced apoptosis better than compounds 1 and 2. These results suggest that combining glucosamine with modified glucosamine attached to diosgenin has a greater apoptotic effect than diosgenin or its glycosylated derivative (compound 2). Furthermore, diosgenin and the abovementioned glycosides had a selective effect on tumour cells since the proliferative capacity of human lymphocytes, keratinocytes (HaCaT) and epithelial cells (CCD841) was not significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results demonstrate that diosgenin glucosamine compounds exert an antiproliferative effect on cancer cell lines and induce apoptotic effects more efficiently than diosgenin alone without affecting non-tumour cells. SIGNIFICANCE This study evidences the pro-apoptotic and selective activities of diosgenyl glucosamine compounds in cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martínez Mata Sergio Iván
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Escobar Sánchez María Luisa
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - López Muñoz Hugo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Hilario Martínez Jazmín Ciciolil
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Sandoval Ramírez Jesús
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Aparicio Sánchez Uriel Yair
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Sánchez Sánchez Luis
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren QL, Wang Q, Zhang XQ, Wang M, Hu H, Tang JJ, Yang XT, Ran YH, Liu HH, Song ZX, Liu JG, Li XL. Anticancer Activity of Diosgenin and Its Molecular Mechanism. Chin J Integr Med 2023:10.1007/s11655-023-3693-1. [PMID: 36940072 PMCID: PMC10026233 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, obtained from Trigonella foenum-graecum, Dioscorea, and Rhizoma polgonati, has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, and leukemia. This article aims to provide an overview of the in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's anticancer effects. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects of diosgenin on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and growth, promoting apoptosis, inducing differentiation and autophagy, inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and invasion, blocking cell cycle, regulating immunity and improving gut microbiome. Clinical investigations have revealed clinical dosage and safety property of diosgenin. Furthermore, in order to improve the biological activity and bioavailability of diosgenin, this review focuses on the development of diosgenin nano drug carriers, combined drugs and the diosgenin derivatives. However, further designed trials are needed to unravel the diosgenin's deficiencies in clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Li Ren
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Xin-Qun Zhang
- Zheng'an County people's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Jun-Jie Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Xiong-Tong Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Ying-Hui Ran
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Gao WK, Wang XD, Zhang LH, Yu HY, Wu HH. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Solanum lyratum: a review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:39. [PMID: 36348127 PMCID: PMC9643311 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solanum lyratum is one of the temperate plants, broadly distributed in Korea, China, Japan, India, and South-East Asia and well-documented in those oriental ethnic medicine systems for curing cancers, jaundice, edema, gonorrhea, cholecystitis, phlogosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. This review systematically summarized the research progress on S. lyratum respecting the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology to increase people's in-depth understanding of this plant, by data retrieval in a series of online or off-line electronic databases as far as we can reach. Steroidal saponins and alkaloids, terpenoids, nitrogenous compounds, and flavonoid compounds are the main chemical constituents in S. lyratum. Among them, steroidal alkaloids and saponins are the major active ingredients ever found in S. lyratum, exerting activities of anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, anti-allergy, and anti-oxidation in vivo or in vitro. As a result, S. lyratum has been frequently prescribed for the abovementioned therapeutic purposes, and there are substantial traditional and modern shreds of evidence of its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
ox-LDL-Induced Endothelial Progenitor Cell Oxidative Stress via p38/Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5897194. [PMID: 35140793 PMCID: PMC8820940 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5897194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nrf2 which was recently reported to regulate the antioxidant genes and cellular redox regulators was highly expressed in EPCs. However, its role in ox-LDL-induced EPC oxidative stress and apoptosis has not been fully illustrated. Methods EPCs isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with different concentrations of ox-LDL, Keap1 siRNA, and a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and then used to assay the cytoplasmic Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and Bax/Bcl-2 levels with Western blot, NQO1 mRNA levels with RT-PCR, ROS levels with H2DCF-DA, loss/disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential with JC-1, apoptosis with Annexin V and PI, migration with transwell chambers, and tube formation with Matrigel. Results ox-LDL decreased the nuclear Nrf2/Histone H3 to cytoplasmic Nrf2/GAPDH ratio, NQO1 mRNA, and protein levels. ox-LDL enhanced ROS production, induced the loss of membrane potential, and increased the cell shrinkage, pyknotic nuclei, and apoptosis of EPCs. Keap1 siRNA increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, NQO1 mRNA transcription, and protein expression and prevented ROS generation and formation of JC-1 monomers. ox-LDL increased the activation of p38. SB203580 significantly eliminated ox-LDL induced inhibition of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, depression of NQO1 mRNA transcription, generation of ROS, and formation of JC-1 monomers in EPCs. Keap1 siRNA decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio which was increased by ox-LDL in EPCs. ox-LDL decreased EPC migration and tube formation. Keap1 siRNA preserved the migration and tube formation of EPCs. Conclusion ox-LDL activated EPCs p38/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and induced oxidative stress, dysfunction, and apoptosis of EPCs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ethanol Extracts of Solanum lyratum Thunb Regulate Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) via the ROS-Mediated p53 Pathway. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5569354. [PMID: 33869638 PMCID: PMC8035038 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5569354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a type of common gynecological tumors with high incidence and poor survival. The anticancer effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Solanum lyratum Thunb (SLT) have been intensively investigated in various cancers but in ovarian cancer is rare. The current study is aimed at investigating the effect of SLT on ovarian cancer cells. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MTT assays indicated that SLT concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL were not cytotoxic and had significant inhibitory effects on the cell viabilities of A2780 and SKOV3 cells, hence were used for subsequent experiments. Flow cytometric and western blot analysis revealed that SLT effectively suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest and increasing apoptosis. Cell cycle and apoptosis-related protein expressions were also regulated in SLT-treated cells. Moreover, DCFH-DA and western blot assays demonstrated that SLT enhanced ROS accumulation and subsequently activated the p53 signaling pathway. However, SLT-regulated ovarian cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and EMT were significantly reversed by an ROS inhibitor (NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine). Furthermore, A2780 and SKOV3 cells cocultured with M0 macrophages showed that SLT activated the polarization of M0 macrophages to M1 macrophages and inhibited the polarization to M2 macrophages, with the increased percentage of CD86+ cells and decreased percentage of CD206+ cells were detected. In summary, this study illustrated the anticancer effects of SLT on ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that SLT may have the potential to provide basic evidence for the discovery of antiovarian cancer agents.
Collapse
|
6
|
Islam MS, Rahi MS, Jahangir CA, Jerin I, Hasan MM, Hoque KMF, Reza MA. Deciphering the molecular pathways of apoptosis using purified fractions from leaf extract of Basella alba through studying the regulation of apoptosis related genes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:85-96. [PMID: 33454909 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the exclusion of abnormal cells without any ruin of surrounding healthy cells. Generally, it occurs through an orderly and autonomously process which is controlled by proper function of various genes. Therefore, the current experiments detect the expression level/pattern of those genes to confirm the involvement of extrinsic and intrinsic pathway using Basella alba leaf (BAL). Several fractions after gel filtration chromatography of BAL extract have been pooled to evaluates its apoptosis induction potentiality on Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells through conducting a number of bio-assays such as cell growth inhibition assay, fluorescence and optical microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay and gene expression analysis etc. The pooled fractions of BAL showed 12-56% inhibitory effect on EAC cell line at the concentration range of 25-400 μg/ml that was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. They also exhibited excellent cell growth inhibition at in vivo and in vitro condition when treated with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg day. After administration of six consequent days, significant morphological features of apoptosis were observed in EAC cells under both fluorescence and optical microscope which was further supported by DNA fragmentation assay. The polymerase chain reaction amplification of bax, bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), p53, tumor necrosis factor-α, Fas, NF-kβ (Nuclear factor-Kappa-B), PARP-1 (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), Cyt-c cas-8, cas-9 and cas-3 revealed that the experimental sample able to induce apoptosis in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways through altering the gene expression. The current findings suggest that sample from BAL occupy wonderful competence to induce cell apoptosis and become an ideal resource for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shihabul Islam
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Israt Jerin
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hoffman RD, Li CY, He K, Wu X, He BC, He TC, Gao JL. Chinese Herbal Medicine and Its Regulatory Effects on Tumor Related T Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 32372963 PMCID: PMC7186375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine is an accepted and integral part of clinical cancer management alongside Western medicine in China. However, historically TCM physicians were unaware of the chemical constituents of their formulations, and the specific biological targets in the body. Through HPLC, flow cytometry, and other processes, researchers now have a much clearer picture of how herbal medicine works in conjunction with the immune system in cancer therapy. Among them, the regulation of tumor-related T cells plays the most important role in modulating tumor immunity by traditional Chinese medicine. Encouraging results have been well-documented, including an increase in T cell production along with their associated cytokines, enhanced regulation of Tregs and important T cell ratios, the formation and function of Tregs in tumor microenvironments, and the promotion of the number and function of normal T Cells to reduce conventional cancer therapy side effects. Chinese herbal medicine represents a rich field of research from which to draw further inspiration for future studies. While promising agents have already been identified, the vast majority of Chinese herbal mechanisms remain undiscovered. In this review, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of specific Chinese herbs and herbal decoctions on tumor related T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hoffman
- International Education College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,DAOM Department, Five Branches University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Chang-Yu Li
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
An W, Lai H, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lin X, Cao S. Apoptotic Pathway as the Therapeutic Target for Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:758. [PMID: 31354479 PMCID: PMC6639427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death and it plays a vital role in human development and tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence indicates that apoptosis is closely related to the survival of cancer and it has emerged as a key target for the discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs. Various studies indicate that targeting the apoptotic signaling pathway by anticancer drugs is an important mechanism in cancer therapy. Therefore, numerous novel anticancer agents have been discovered and developed from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway of cancer cells and shown clinically beneficial effects in cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion for the role, pharmacology, related biology, and possible mechanism(s) of a number of important anticancer TCMs and their derivatives mainly targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway. It may have important clinical implications in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Honglin Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Anticancer Potential of Fruit Extracts from Vatica diospyroides Symington Type SS and Their Effect on Program Cell Death of Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:5491904. [PMID: 31118873 PMCID: PMC6500633 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5491904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vatica diospyroides Symington is locally known as Chan-Ka-Pho in Thailand. Ancient people have used it as therapeutic plant for cardiac and blood tonic cure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential cytotoxicity and selectivity of the extracts from V. diospyroides type SS fruit on cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines and to examine its underlying mechanism of action. MTT assay revealed that the extracts showed inhibition of cell survival in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited highly cytotoxic activity against both HeLa and SiHa cells with IC50 value less than 20 μg/mL along with less toxicity against L929 cells. Acetone cotyledon extract (ACE) showed the best selectivity index value of 4.47 (HeLa) and 3.51 (SiHa). Distinctive morphological changes were observed in ACE-treated cervical cancer cells contributing to apoptosis action. Flow cytometry analysis with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining precisely indicated that ACE induced apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of ACE with half IC50 caused DNA fragmentation and also activated increasing of bax and cleaved caspase-8 protein in HeLa cells after 48 h exposure. The results suggest that ACE has potent and selective cytotoxic effect against cervical cancer cells and the potential to induce bax and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. Hence, the ACE could be further exploited as a potential lead in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Wang H, Zhang R, Zhang G, Yang Y, Liu Z. Leukemia growth is inhibited by benzoxime without causing any harmful effect in rats bearing RBL-1 ×enotransplants. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:1934-1938. [PMID: 30675257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of benzoxime on leukemia RBL-1 cell proliferation and a leukemic Sprague-Dawley rat model. Proliferation of RBL-1 cells was determined using an MTT assay. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly into three groups of 10 animals each, where the positive control group was administered an intravenous injection of normal saline, the negative control group was administered 1×106 RBL-1 cells and the treatment group was administered with 1×106 RBL-1 cells and then benzoxime (50 mg/kg/day) for 1 week. Increased dosage of benzoxime reduced RBL-1 cell viability from 92 at 2 µM to ٢١٪ at ١٢ µM after ٢٤ h. Benzoxime treatment prevented the loss of body weight in the rats with leukemia. Compared with the negative control rats, the body weight was determined to be significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the positive control rats. The weight of the spleen and liver was determined to be significantly increased (P<0.02) in the positive control rats and the benzoxime-treated rats compared with that in the negative control group on day 35 of RBL-1 cell implantation. Analysis of leukocytes in rats on day 35 demonstrated a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the cluster of differentiation (CD)11b and CD45 level in the positive control group compared with that in the negative control group. The level of CD11b and CD45 was determined to be similar in the rats in the benzoxime treatment and negative control groups. Analysis of the level of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and blood urea nitrogen indicated that all three components exhibited no significant changes in the rats following treatment with benzoxime compared with the component levels in the negative control group. The levels of these three components were in the normal range in rats treated with benzoxime on day 35 of cell implantation. These data demonstrated that the liver and kidneys are not influenced by benzoxime in rats with leukemia. In summary, the present study demonstrated that benzoxime efficiently prevents leukemia growth without inducing any harmful effects in rat models through targeting CD11b and CD45 level; thus, benzoxime should be evaluated further regarding its use in the treatment of leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Li
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Role of the Death Receptor and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathways in Polyphyllin I-Regulated Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5241941. [PMID: 30671458 PMCID: PMC6323420 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5241941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyphyllin has been reported to exhibit anticancer effects against various types of cancer via the proapoptotic signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress and death receptor signaling pathways in PPI-induced apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Analysis demonstrated that PPI could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Investigation into the molecular mechanism of PPI indicated that PPI notably mediated ER stress activation via IRE-1 overexpression and activation of the caspase-12 to protect HepG2 cells against apoptosis. In addition, PPI markedly induced the expression of death receptors signaling pathways-associated factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1/TNF-α and FAS/FASL. Additionally, suppression of the death receptor signaling pathways with a caspase-8 inhibitor, Z-IETD-FMK, revealed an increase in the death rate and apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells. Collectively, the findings of the present study suggested that the ER stress and death receptor signaling pathways were associated with PPI-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis; however, endoplasmic reticulum stress may serve a protective role in this process. The combination of PPI and Z-IETD-FMK may activate necroptosis, which enhances apoptosis. Therefore, the results of the present study may improve understanding regarding the roles of signaling pathways in PPI regulated apoptosis and contribute to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Han L, Wang JN, Cao XQ, Sun CX, Du X. An-te-xiao capsule inhibits tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:941-951. [PMID: 30372906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An-te-xiao capsule consists of total alkaloids from the dried whole plantof Solanum lyratum, and showed antitumor effects in our previous study. However, its inhibitory effect on multiple non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated clearly. This study sought to investigate the inhibitory effects of An-te-xiao capsule on three main types of NSCLC cell lines (A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H520) in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms of action including its potential anti-angiogenesis effects. An-te-xiao capsule showed no acute oral toxicity in mice, and significantly prolonged survival time in a mouse model of Lewis tumor xenograft. The inhibition of A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H520 cells by An-te-xiao capsule was reflected in its effects on tumor growth, histopathological changes, tumor microvessel density (MVD), cell cycle regulatory proteins, and cell apoptosis. In vitro, An-te-xiao capsule repressed migration, invasion, and tube formation of tumor-derived vascular endothelial cells (Td-ECs), which were obtained using a co-culture system, in the presence or absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at safe concentrations selected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, An-te-xiao capsule inhibited the secretion of VEGF by A549 cells in the co-culture system and suppressed the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Taken together, An-te-xiao capsule has potential for treating NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Nong Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Sun
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Du
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi X, Qin T, Liu W, Zhang X, Li L, Huo J, Zhou K, Yang D, Zhang Y, Wang C. Selective anticancer activity of the novel steroidal dihydropyridine spirooxindoles against human esophageal EC109 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1186-1192. [PMID: 29196102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of small-molecule compounds built on steroidal dihydropyridine spirooxindoles has been reported previously. In this study, the compound 5l showed strong anti-cancer activity, especially in the esophageal cancer. Three esophageal squamous cell lines and paclitaxel-resistant cell line were investigated. The results demonstrated that compound 5l was most efficient in the EC109 cells, induced cell apoptosis through elevation of cellular ROS levels, caused G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial dysfunction. Further study confirmed that the mechanism of 5l in esophageal cancer treatment was related to the Bcl-2 family and caspase receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Tiantian Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Leilei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Kairui Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Dongxiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo ZH, Liu XF, Hu JS, Yang LQ, Chen ZP. Synthesis and Self-Assembled Behavior of pH-Responsive Chiral Liquid Crystal Amphiphilic Copolymers Based on Diosgenyl-Functionalized Aliphatic Polycarbonate. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7070169. [PMID: 28677626 PMCID: PMC5535235 DOI: 10.3390/nano7070169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The morphological control of polymer micellar aggregates is an important issue in applications such as nanomedicine and material science. Stimuli responsive soft materials have attracted significant attention for their well-controlled morphologies. However, despite extensive studies, it is still a challenge to prepare nanoscale assemblies with responsive behaviors. Herein, a new chiral liquid crystal (LC) aliphatic polycarbonate with side chain bearing diosgenyl mesogen, named mPEG43-PMCC25-P(MCC-DHO)15, was synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization and coupling reaction. The self-assembled behavior of the LC copolymer was explored. In aqueous solution, the functionalized copolymer could self-organize into different nanostructures with changing pH value, such as nanospheres and nanofibers. This would offer new possibilities in the design of nanostructured organic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Guo
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Liu
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jian-She Hu
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Li-Qun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shenyang 110031, China.
| | - Zhang-Pei Chen
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu H, Zhao X, Liu X, Xu P, Zhang K, Lin X. Antitumor effects of traditional Chinese medicine targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2735-44. [PMID: 26056434 PMCID: PMC4445699 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s80902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Defects in apoptosis are common phenomena in many types of cancer and are also a critical step in tumorigenesis. Targeting the apoptotic pathway has been considered an intriguing strategy for cancer therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in the People’s Republic of China for thousands of years, and many of the medicines have been confirmed to be effective in the treatment of a number of tumors. With increasing cancer rates worldwide, the antitumor effects of TCMs have attracted more and more attention globally. Many of the TCMs have been shown to have antitumor activity through multiple targets, and apoptosis pathway-related targets have been extensively studied and defined to be promising. This review focuses on several antitumor TCMs, especially those with clinical efficacy, based on their effects on the apoptotic signaling pathway. The problems with and prospects of development of TCMs as anticancer agents are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanli Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingxiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 302 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen YY, Lu HF, Hsu SC, Kuo CL, Chang SJ, Lin JJ, Wu PP, Liu JY, Lee CH, Chung JG, Chang JB. Bufalin inhibits migration and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep1 cells through the inhibitions of NF-kB and matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9-signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:74-82. [PMID: 23949904 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis plays an important role in mortality of cancer patients. Migration and invasion are the major characteristics of tumor metastasis. The induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-2 and -9 are particularly important for the invasiveness of various cancer cells. Bufalin, a class of toxic steroids, was purified from the skin glands of Bufo gargarizans or Bufo melanostictus; it is known to inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the antiinvasive mechanisms of bufalin in the human hepatocellular cancer cell line SK-Hep1. Bufalin significantly reduced serum-induced cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, bufalin markedly inhibited MMP-2 and -9 activity, mRNA expression and protein levels in SK-Hep1 cells. Bufalin attenuated phosphoinisitide-3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylation of AKT which was associated with reduced levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Bufalin also suppressed protein levels of FAK and Rho A, VEGF, MEKK3, MKK7, and uPA and it diminished NF-κB translocation. Based on these observations, we propose that bufalin is acts as an antiinvasive agent by inhibiting MMP-2 and -9 and involving PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways. Bufalin is a potential therapeutic agent that may have efficacy in preventing the invasion and metastasis of malignant liver tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yin Chen
- Department of Chinese-Western Medicine Integration, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma YS, Hsu SC, Weng SW, Yu CC, Yang JS, Lai KC, Lin JP, Lin JG, Chung JG. Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L induced cell death in LS1034 human colon cancer cells acts through the caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:969-980. [PMID: 23315830 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L (CERP) has been used to treat different diseases in the Chinese population for decades. In this study, we investigated the effects of CERP on LS1034 human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and also examined possible mechanisms of cell death. Flow cytometric assays were used to measure the percentage of viable cells, cell cycle distribution including the sub-G1 phase (apoptosis), the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). DNA damage, nuclei condensation, protein expression, and translocation were examined by Comet assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Western blotting, and confocal laser system microscope, respectively. CERP induced apoptosis as seen by DNA fragmentation and DAPI staining in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in cancer cells. CERP was associated with an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio and CERP promoted the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3. Both ROS and Ca(2+) levels were increased by CERP but the compound decreased levels of ΔΨm in LS1034 cells. Laser confocal microscope also confirmed that CERP promoted the expressions of AIF, Endo G, cytochrome c, and GADD153 to induce apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shih Ma
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhua Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Changhua 513, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liao CL, Hsu SC, Yu CC, Yang JS, Tang NY, Wood WG, Lin JG, Chung JG. The crude extract of Corni Fructus induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-modulated pathways in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1020-1031. [PMID: 23239598 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crude extract of Corni Fructus (CECF) has been used in Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of different diseases for hundreds of years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of CECF on U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. Flow cytometry was used for measuring the percentage of viable cells, cell-cycle distribution, apoptotic cells in sub-G1 phase, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca(2+) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ). Comet assay and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining were used for examining DNA damage and condensation. Western blotting was used to examine apoptosis-associated protein levels in U-2 OS cells after exposed to CECF. Immunostaining and confocal laser system microscope were used to examine protein translocation after CECF incubation. CECF decreased the percentage of viability, induced DNA damage and DNA condensation, G₀/G₁ arrest, and apoptosis in U-2 OS cells. CECF-stimulated activities of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, ROS, and Ca(2+) production, decreased ΔΨm levels of in U-2 OS cells. CECF increased protein levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, cytochrome c, GRP78, AIF, ATF-6α, Fas, TRAIL, p21, p27, and p16 which were associated with cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. These findings suggest that CECF triggers apoptosis in U-2 OS cells via ROS-modulated caspase-dependent and -independent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tanacetum polycephalum (L.) Schultz-Bip. induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion in MCF7 cells. Molecules 2014; 19:9478-501. [PMID: 24995928 PMCID: PMC6270824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanacetumpolycephalum (L.) Schultz-Bip (Mokhaleseh) has been traditionally used in the treatment of headaches, migraines, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate its anticancer properties and possible mechanism of action using MCF7 as an invitro model. T.polycephalum leaves were extracted using hexane, chloroform and methanol solvents and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Detection of the early apoptotic cells was investigated using acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. An Annexin-V-FITC assay was carried out to observe the phosphatidylserine externalization as a marker for apoptotic cells. High content screening was applied to analyze the cell membrane permeability, nuclear condensation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c release. Apoptosis was confirmed by using caspase-8, caspase-9 and DNA laddering assays. In addition, Bax/Bcl-2 expressions and cell cycle arrest also have been investigated. MTT assay revealed significant cytotoxicity of T.Polycephalum hexane extract (TPHE) on MCF7 cells with the IC50 value of 6.42 ± 0.35 µg/mL. Significant increase in chromatin condensation was also observed via fluorescence analysis. Treatment of MCF7 cells with TPHE encouraged apoptosis through reduction of MMP by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax, triggering the cytochrome c leakage from mitochondria to the cytosol. The treated MCF7 cells significantly arrested at G1 phase. The chromatographic analysis elicited that the major active compound in this extract is 8β-hydroxy-4β,15-dihydrozaluzanin C. Taken together, the results presented in this study demonstrated that the hexane extract of T.Polycephalum inhibits the proliferation of MCF7 cells, resulting in the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which was explained to be through the mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
|
20
|
Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer ssp. pruniflorum (Kurz) Gogel. (Hóng yá mù) extract induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells through caspase-dependent pathways. Chin Med 2014; 9:12. [PMID: 24708784 PMCID: PMC3985586 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-9-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer ssp. pruniflorum (Kurz) Gogel. (Hóng yá mù) (CF) has been used for treatment of fever, cough, and peptic ulcer. Previously, a 50% ethanol-water extract from twigs of CF was shown highly selective in cytotoxicity against cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the apoptosis-inducing effect of CF. METHODS The cytotoxicity of CF was evaluated in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cell line in comparison with a non-cancerous African green monkey kidney epithelial cell line (Vero) by a neutral red assay. The apoptosis induction mechanisms were investigated through nuclear morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential alterations, and caspase enzyme activities. RESULTS CF selectively induced HepG2 cell death compared with non-cancerous Vero cells. A 1.5-fold higher apoptotic effect compared with melphalan was induced by 120 μg/mL of the 50% ethanol-water extract of CF. The apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells occurred via extrinsic and intrinsic caspase-dependent pathways in dose- and time-dependent manners by significantly increasing the activities of caspase 3/7, 8, and 9, decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential, and causing apoptotic body formation and DNA fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS CF extract induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Peng SF, Lee CY, Hour MJ, Tsai SC, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Shieh PC, Yang JS. Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles enhance apoptotic cell death of U2OS human osteosarcoma cells through the Akt-Bad signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:238-46. [PMID: 24247158 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has potential anticancer activity and has been shown to be involved in several signaling pathways including differentiation and apoptosis. Our previous study showed that water-soluble PLGA curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) triggered apoptotic cell death through regulation of the function of MDR1 and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of Cur-NPs on human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. The morphology of Cur-NPs showed spherical shape by TEM analysis. The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin in Cur-NPs prepared by single emulsion was 90.5 ± 3.0%. Our results demonstrated that the curcumin fragments on the mass spectrum of Cur-NPs and the peaks of curcumin standard could be found on the Cur-NPs spectrum by 1H-NMR spectra analysis. Cur-NPs induced anti-proliferative effects and apoptosis in U2OS cells. Compared to the untreated U2OS cells, more detectable amount of Cur-NPs was found inside the treated U2OS cells. Cur-NPs induced DNA fragmentation and apoptotic bodies in U2OS cells. Both the activity and the expression levels of caspases-3/-7 and caspase-9 were elevated in the treated U2OS cells. Cur-NPs upregulated the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-9, cytochrome c, Apaf-1 and Bad and downregulated the protein expression level of p-Akt in U2OS cells. These results suggest Cur-NPs are effective in enhancing apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells and thus could provide potential for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen HJ, Lin CM, Lee CY, Shih NC, Amagaya S, Lin YC, Yang JS. Phenethyl isothiocyanate suppresses EGF-stimulated SAS human oral squamous carcinoma cell invasion by targeting EGF receptor signaling. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:629-37. [PMID: 23754208 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural compound that is involved in chemoprevention as well as inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in several types of cancer cells. Previous studies have revealed that PEITC suppresses the invasion of AGS gastric and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. However, the effects of PEITC on the metastasis of SAS oral cancer cells remain to be determined. Our results showed that PEITC treatment inhibited the invasion of EGF-stimulated SAS cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but appeared not to affect the cell viability. The expression and enzymatic activities of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) were suppressed by PEITC. Concomitantly, we observed an increase in the protein expression of both tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and -2 (TIMP-2) in treated cells. Furthermore, PEITC treatments decreased the protein phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signaling proteins including PDK1, PI3K (p85), AKT, phosphorylated IKK and IκB to inactivate NF-κB for the suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. In addition, PEITC can trigger the MAPK signaling pathway through the increase in phosphorylated p38, JNK and ERK in treated cells. Our data indicate that PEITC is able to inhibit the invasion of EGF-stimulated SAS oral cancer cells by targeting EGFR and its downstream signaling molecules and finally lead to the reduced expression and enzymatic activities of both MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results suggest that PEITC is promising for the therapy of oral cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen HJ, Jiang YL, Lin CM, Tsai SC, Peng SF, Fushiya S, Hour MJ, Yang JS. Dual inhibition of EGFR and c-Met kinase activation by MJ-56 reduces metastasis of HT29 human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:141-50. [PMID: 23677180 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinazolinone derivatives are known to possess anticancer activities on cell metastasis and cell death in different human cancer cell lines. Here, we studied the anti-metastasis activity and the underlying mechanisms of the novel quinazoline derivative MJ-56 (6-pyrrolidinyl-2-(3-bromostyryl)quinazolin-4-one). MJ-56 inhibited cell migration and invasion of HT29 human colorectal cancer cells by wound-healing and Matrigel-coated transwell assays in a concentration-dependent manner. MJ-56-treated cells resulted in the reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -7, -9 and -10 and the reduced enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In contrast, MJ-56-treated cells enhanced the expression of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Further analyses showed that MJ-56 attenuated the activities of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-Met and the downstream ERK-mediated MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, which led to decreased protein synthesis by dephosphorylating the translation initiation factors eIF-4B, eIF-4E, eIF-4G and S6 ribosomal protein. In addition, MJ-56 interfered with the NF-κB signaling via impairing PI3K/AKT activation and subsequently reduced the NF-κB-mediated transcription of MMPs. Taken together, the reduced expression of phosphor-EGFR and c-MET is chiefly responsible for all events of blocking metastasis. Our results suggest a potential role of MJ-56 on therapy of colorectal cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
LIN CHINGJU, YANG JAISING, TSAI SHIHCHANG, LIN CHINFEN, LEE MIAURONG. In vivo evaluation of the synthesized novel 2-benzyloxybenzaldehyde analog CCY-1a-E2 for the treatment of leukemia in the BALB/c mouse WEHI-3 allograft model. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:777-782. [PMID: 23426190 PMCID: PMC3576184 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the 2-benzyloxybenzaldehyde analog CCY-1a-E2 is a potent compound against HL-60 human leukemia cell lines. To investigate the potential therapeutic application of CCY-1a-E2 for leukemia, we analyzed the antileukemic effects and safety of CCY-1a-E2 in the BALB/c mouse WEHI-3 allograft model. Our results showed that CCY-1a-E2 decreased the percentage of viable cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC(50) of CCY-1a-E2 was 5 μM for the 24-h treatment of WEHI-3 cells. We examined the antileukemic activity of CCY-1a-E2 in the BALB/c mouse WEHI-3 allograft model. The CCY-1a-E2 (100 mg/kg) group was not found to have significantly decreased body weight compared with the control group, while the leukemia group was found to have significantly decreased body weight compared with the control mice. The CCY-1a-E2 (100 mg/kg) group showed no difference in spleen and liver weight, but significantly decreased levels of CD11b and CD45 compared with the leukemia group. In safety evaluation analysis, CCY-1a-E2 had no adverse effects on renal, hepatic and hematological parameters. Based on these observations, CCY-1a-E2 has efficacious antileukemic activity in the BALB/c mouse WEHI-3 allograft model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CHINGJU LIN
- Departments of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,
R.O.C.
| | - JAI-SING YANG
- Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,
R.O.C.
| | - SHIH-CHANG TSAI
- Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,
R.O.C.
| | - CHIN-FEN LIN
- Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,
R.O.C.
| | - MIAU-RONG LEE
- Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan,
R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|