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Ng XN, Tang CC, Wang CH, Tsai JP, Hsu BG. Positive Correlation of Serum Resistin Level with Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3 to 5. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312746. [PMID: 34886472 PMCID: PMC8657432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease-related ischemic events, which includes peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Resistin has been found to be involved in pathological processes leading to CVD. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether resistin level is correlated with PAD in patients with non-dialysis CKD stage 3 to 5. There were 240 CKD patients enrolled in this study. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) values were measured using the automated oscillometric method. An ABI value < 0.9 defined the low ABI group. Serum levels of human resistin were determined using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. Thirty CKD patients (12.5%) were included in the low ABI group. Patients in the low ABI group were older and had higher resistin levels as well as higher diabetes mellitus, hypertension and habit of smoking, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate than patients in the normal ABI group. After the adjustment for factors that were significantly associated with PAD by multivariate logistic regression analysis, age and serum resistin level were independent predictors of PAD. A high serum resistin level is an independent predictor of PAD in non-dialysis CKD stage 3 to 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ning Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chong Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (C.-H.W.)
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (C.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-P.T.); (B.-G.H.)
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (C.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-P.T.); (B.-G.H.)
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Formulas, Algorithms and Examples for Binomial Distributed Data Confidence Interval Calculation: Excess Risk, Relative Risk and Odds Ratio. MATHEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/math9192506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Medical studies often involve a comparison between two outcomes, each collected from a sample. The probability associated with, and confidence in the result of the study is of most importance, since one may argue that having been wrong with a percent could be what killed a patient. Sampling is usually done from a finite and discrete population and it follows a Bernoulli trial, leading to a contingency of two binomially distributed samples (better known as 2×2 contingency table). Current guidelines recommend reporting relative measures of association (such as the relative risk and odds ratio) in conjunction with absolute measures of association (which include risk difference or excess risk). Because the distribution is discrete, the evaluation of the exact confidence interval for either of those measures of association is a mathematical challenge. Some alternate scenarios were analyzed (continuous vs. discrete; hypergeometric vs. binomial), and in the main case—bivariate binomial experiment—a strategy for providing exact p-values and confidence intervals is proposed. Algorithms implementing the strategy are given.
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Wang B, Pan Y, Yang G, Cui Z, Yu W, Liu H, Bai B. Sfrp5/Wnt5a and leptin/adiponectin levels in the serum and the periarterial adipose tissue of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Clin Biochem 2020; 87:46-51. [PMID: 33188773 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, adiponectin, secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) and wingless-type family member 5a (Wnt5a) are novel adipokines that are involved in insulin sensitivity and atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum and periarterial adipose tissue leptin/adiponectin and Sfrp5/Wnt5a levels in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). METHODS A total of 75 patients with PAOD and 39 control subjects were recruited. The serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, Sfrp5 and Wnt5a were measured by ELISAs, and the leptin, adiponectin, Sfrp5 and Wnt5a levels in the periarterial adipose tissue were observed by western blotting. RESULTS The serum Sfrp5 levels were significantly lower in the patients with PAOD than in the control subjects (p < 0.001) and Wnt5a levels were higher in the patients with PAOD (p < 0.001). The serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the patients with PAOD than in the control subjects (p < 0.001), and adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the patients with PAOD (p < 0.001). The serum Sfrp5 levels were associated with ABI (rs = 0.274; p = 0.018), Wnt5a (rs = -0.409; p < 0.001), adiponectin (rs = 0.244; p = 0.035) and Leptin/Adiponetin ratio (rs = -0.244; p = 0.037). The adiponectin and Sfrp5 protein levels were decreased in the periarterial adipose tissue of patients with PAOD compared with control subjects. The leptin and Wnt5a protein levels were increased in the periarterial adipose tissue of patients with PAOD compared with control subjects. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the adiponectin and Sfrp5 levels in the serum and periarterial adipose tissue were significantly lower in the patients with PAOD than in the control subjects. The leptin and Wnt5a levels in the serum and periarterial adipose tissue were significantly higher in the patients with PAOD than in the control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Wang
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Pan
- The Department of Medical Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guang Yang
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zong'ao Cui
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenping Yu
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Bai
- The Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Spychalska-Zwolińska M, Anaszewicz M, Wiśniewska J, Mieczkowski A, Kowalczyk G, Banaś W, Czerniak B, Suppan K, Lis K, Żbikowska-Gotz M, Bartuzi Z, Budzyński J. Blood adipocytokine concentration in patients with peripheral artery disease. INT ANGIOL 2020; 39:500-508. [PMID: 33086778 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-9590.20.04479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses mediated by adipocytokines may affect both atherosclerosis development and progression, as well as the risk of in-stent restenosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between blood leptin, adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations and the 1-year outcome of superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenting. METHODS Blood concentrations of leptin, adiponectin and TNF-α were determined in 70 patients undergoing SFA stenting due to intermittent claudication and in 40 patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS). All subjects were followed up for at least 1 year in relation to the occurrence of clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) or a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). RESULTS Patients undergoing SFA stenting and CAS had similar blood adipocytokine concentrations. Patients with diabetes mellitus presented a higher leptin concentration, lower adiponectin-to-leptin ratio, and lower blood adiponectin concentration indexed to fat mass (FM) and to visceral adiposity score (VAS). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, blood concentration of TNF-α indexed to FM and to VAS was higher in patients who underwent TLR and MACE. However, in multifactorial analysis, the severity of atherosclerosis lesions in the femoropopliteal vascular region, estimated in relation to TASC-II classification, was the only predictor of TLR. CONCLUSIONS Circulating adipocytokines did not distinguish patients with different clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. Higher ratios of TNF-α -to-FM and to VAS before SFA stenting were related to TLR and MACE occurrence. Dysregulation in adipocytokine secretion may be a potential mediator of a proatherogenic action of diabetes mellitus in patients with peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Spychalska-Zwolińska
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marzena Anaszewicz
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Artur Mieczkowski
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Gabriel Kowalczyk
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wioletta Banaś
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Beata Czerniak
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Suppan
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kinga Lis
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żbikowska-Gotz
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek Budzyński
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland -
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Zahner GJ, Ramirez JL, Spaulding KA, Khetani SA, Gasper WJ, Grunfeld C, Hills NK, Schafer AL, Grenon SM. Leptinemia is Associated With Peripheral Artery Disease. J Surg Res 2019; 238:48-56. [PMID: 30738358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, adiponectin, and resistin are in a class of hormones called adipokines that are produced by adipocytes and have been implicated in the causal pathway of atherosclerosis. We examined the association between adipokine levels and peripheral artery disease (PAD), hypothesizing that after adjusting for fat mass, leptin and resistin would be higher, whereas adiponectin would be lower, in patients with PAD. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 179 predominately male (97%) vascular surgery outpatients was recruited from the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (SFVAMC). PAD was defined as either an ankle-brachial index < 0.9 plus symptoms of claudication or prior revascularization for symptomatic PAD (n = 141). Controls had an ankle-brachial index ≥0.9 and no history of atherosclerotic disease (n = 38). Adipokines were assayed using commercially available ELISA kits and values were log-transformed. Fat mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS In an analysis adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and atherosclerotic risk factors, higher serum leptin was associated with PAD (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.07-6.01, P = 0.03), whereas high molecular weight adiponectin was inversely associated, though not significantly (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.33-1.08, P = 0.09). Resistin was not associated with PAD. Sensitivity analyses using fat mass/height2 rather than BMI yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that after adjusting for BMI or fat mass, serum leptin levels are positively and independently associated with PAD, whereas high molecular weight adiponectin might be inversely associated. Using a more representative, nonveteran sample, further investigations should focus on the potential role of adipokines in the pathophysiology of PAD as well as determine whether leptin levels have clinical utility in predicting PAD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Zahner
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joel L Ramirez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kimberly A Spaulding
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Sukaynah A Khetani
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Warren J Gasper
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Carl Grunfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Metabolism Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Nancy K Hills
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne L Schafer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - S Marlene Grenon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Ramirez JL, Khetani SA, Zahner GJ, Spaulding KA, Schaller MS, Gasper WJ, Hills NK, Schafer AL, Grenon SM. Serum resistin is associated with impaired endothelial function and a higher rate of adverse cardiac events in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg 2018; 69:497-506. [PMID: 30292618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.05.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resistin is a hormone that has been associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The role of resistin in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) has not been fully explored. This study seeks to understand the relationship between serum resistin, vascular function, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with PAD. METHODS There were 106 patients with PAD who were recruited between 2011 and 2016. Patients attended a baseline visit during which a comprehensive vascular physiology assessment including medical and surgical history, radial artery tonometry, and flow mediated-vasodilation (FMD) was completed. A blood sample was drawn, and serum resistin was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Using the time of study enrollment as the time of origin, incident major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were identified by subsequent chart review and defined as a composite end point of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, transient ischemic attack, stroke, or death from a cardiac cause. RESULTS Patients had a mean age of 68 ± 8 years, were largely white (75%), and had comorbidities commonly associated with PAD including hypertension (92%), hyperlipidemia (87%), coronary artery disease (37%), and diabetes mellitus (38%). After stratification by resistin quartile, higher resistin quartiles were significantly associated with an older age, a greater number of pack-years smoked, and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Despite similar comorbidities and medication use, endothelial function, as measured by FMD, was significantly lower with increasing resistin quartile (I, 9.1% ± 3.3%; II, 7.1% ± 3.5%; III, 5.8% ± 4.0%; IV, 5.6% ± 3.5%; P = .002). In multivariable linear regression, higher resistin quartiles (III and IV) were associated with lower FMD relative to quartile I after adjusting for several patient characteristics, medications, and comorbidities (III, -2.26 [95% confidence interval (CI), -4.51 to -0.01; P = .05]; IV, -2.53 [95% CI, -4.87 to -0.20; P = .03]). During a median follow-up period of 36 months (interquartile range, 29-45 months), 21 patients experienced the primary end point. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for smoking status, coronary artery disease, and age, each 1 ng/mL increase in resistin was associated with a 10% increased risk of MACEs (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.20; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS In patients with PAD, higher levels of resistin were associated with impaired endothelial function and an increased rate of MACEs. These results suggest that resistin may be a marker or effector of impaired vascular physiology and adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with PAD. Further research is needed to determine the potential mechanisms by which resistin may impair endothelial function and increase MACEs in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Ramirez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Sukaynah A Khetani
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Greg J Zahner
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kimberly A Spaulding
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Melinda S Schaller
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Warren J Gasper
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Nancy K Hills
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Anne L Schafer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - S Marlene Grenon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif.
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1176-1188. [PMID: 29877321 PMCID: PMC6289384 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Leptin levels have been positively associated with the presence, severity, extent and lesion complexity of coronary atherosclerosis as well as with the presence, severity and poor clinical outcomes of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. But conflicting results also exist. Furthermore, leptin was reported to independently predict common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque instability. A link between hyperleptinemia and PAD has been reported, whereas limited data were available on the potential association between leptin and AAA. Elevated leptin concentrations have also been related to CKD incidence and progression as well as with insulin resistance, T2DM, micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Statins and antidiabetic drugs (including sitagliptin, metformin, pioglitazone, liraglutide and empagliflozin) may affect leptin levels. Further research is needed to establish the potential use (if any) of leptin as a therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Huang IC, Chang CC, Hsu BG, Lee CJ, Wang JH. Association of hyperleptinemia with peripheral arterial disease in hypertensive patients. Tzu Chi Med J 2017; 29:148-153. [PMID: 28974908 PMCID: PMC5615994 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_56_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hypertension is a risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Serum leptin plays an important role in promoting endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the leptin level is associated with PAD in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) values were measured using an automated oscillometric device. Patients with an ABI value <0.9 were considered the low ABI group. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured using standard enzymatic automated methods. Serum levels of human leptin were determined using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. Results: Eighteen (18.4%) hypertensive patients were included in the low ABI group. Hypertensive patients in the low ABI group had higher serum creatinine (P < 0.001), CRP (P = 0.003), and leptin (P < 0.001) levels, higher prevalence of diabetes (P = 0.036), and current smoking (P = 0.034) than patients in the normal ABI group. Univariate linear regression analyses revealed that body weight (P = 0.014), waist circumference (P = 0.010), body mass index (P = 0.002), and logarithmically transformed CRP (log-CRP, P = 0.001) were positively correlated with serum log-leptin levels in hypertensive patients. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that log-leptin (β = 0.439, adjusted R2 change = 0.224, P < 0.001) was also an associated factor of PAD in hypertensive patients. Conclusion: A higher log-leptin value is an independent predictor of PAD in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Huang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Basati G, Razavi AE, Abdi S, Sarrafzedegan N, Sarrafzedegan N. Association of plasma leptin, homocysteine and nitric oxide levels with the presence and unstability of coronary artery disease. Biomark Med 2014; 8:405-12. [PMID: 24712432 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Leptin and total homocysteine (tHcy) may participate in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) through nitric oxide (NO) depletion. We sought to investigate whether leptin, tHcy and NO are suitable predictors of CAD. PATIENTS & METHODS This study contained 50 control subjects and 50 stable and 50 unstable angina patients. Plasma leptin, tHcy and NO levels were determined using enzyme immunoassay, HPLC fluorescence and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. Other conventional risk factors were also determined. RESULTS Leptin and tHcy levels were highest in unstable angina patients, followed by stable angina patients and then controls (p < 0.001). Controls had significantly higher NO than patients (p <0.001). Leptin and tHcy had a positive and NO a negative association with the presence of CAD. CONCLUSIONS Some athrogenic effects of leptin may be mediated by affecting tHcy and NO levels. Plasma leptin, tHcy and NO levels showed significant contribution to CAD prediction and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Basati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Bonifacio HF, Maghirang RG, Trabue SL, McConnell LL, Prueger JH, Razote EB. Particulate emissions from a beef cattle feedlot using the flux-gradient technique. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:1341-1352. [PMID: 24216412 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.04.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Data on air emissions from open-lot beef cattle () feedlots are limited. This research was conducted to determine fluxes of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM) from a commercial beef cattle feedlot in Kansas using the flux-gradient technique, a widely used micrometeorological method for air emissions from open sources. Vertical PM concentration profiles and micrometeorological parameters were measured at the feedlot using tapered element oscillating microbalance PM samplers and eddy covariance instrumentations (i.e., sonic anemometer and infrared hygrometer), respectively, from May 2010 through September 2011, representing feedlot conditions with air temperatures ranging from -24 to 39°C. Calculated hourly PM fluxes varied diurnally and seasonally, ranging up to 272 mg m h, with an overall median of 36 mg m h. For warm conditions (air temperature of 21 ± 10°C), the highest hourly PM fluxes (range 116-146 mg m h) were observed during the early evening period, from 2000 to 2100 h. For cold conditions (air temperature of -2 ± 8°C), the highest PM fluxes (range 14-27 mg m h) were observed in the afternoon, from 1100 to 1500 h. Changes in the hourly trend of PM fluxes coincided with changes in friction velocity, air temperature, sensible heat flux, and surface roughness. The PM emission was also affected by the pen surface water content, where a water content of at least 20% (wet basis) would be sufficient to effectively reduce PM emissions from pens by as much as 60%.
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Association of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease with adiponectin genes SNP+45 and SNP+276: a case-control study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:501203. [PMID: 23819115 PMCID: PMC3686066 DOI: 10.1155/2013/501203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. We hypothesized that adiponectin gene SNP+45 (rs2241766) and SNP+276 (rs1501299) would be associated with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Furthermore, the association between circulating adiponectin levels, fetuin-A, and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease was investigated. Method. Several blood parameters (such as adiponectin, fetuin-A, and TNF-α) were measured in 346 patients, 226 with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and 120 without symptomatic PAD (non-PAD). Two common SNPs of the ADIPOQ gene represented by +45T/G 2 and +276G/T were also investigated. Results. Adiponectin concentrations showed lower circulating levels in the PAD patients compared to non-PAD patients (P < 0.001). Decreasing adiponectin concentration was associated with increasing serum levels of fetuin-A in the PAD patients. None of the investigated adiponectin SNPs proved to be associated with the subjects' susceptibility to PAD (P > 0.05). Conclusion. The results of our study demonstrated that neither adiponectin SNP+45 nor SNP+276 is associated with the risk of PAD.
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