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Pardridge WM. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Brain Delivery of Plasma Protein Bound Drugs. Pharm Res 2023; 40:661-674. [PMID: 36829100 PMCID: PMC10036418 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is developed that focuses on the kinetic parameters of drug association and dissociation with albumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), and brain tissue proteins, as well as drug permeability at the blood-brain barrier, drug metabolism, and brain blood flow. GOAL The model evaluates the extent to which plasma protein-mediated uptake (PMU) of drugs by brain influences the concentration of free drug both within the brain capillary compartment in vivo and the brain compartment. The model also studies the effect of drug binding to brain tissue proteins on the concentration of free drug in brain. METHODS The steady state and non-steady state PBPK models are comprised of 11-12 variables, and 18-23 parameters, respectively. Two model drugs are analyzed: propranolol, which undergoes modest PMU from the AGP-bound pool, and imipramine, which undergoes a high degree of PMU from both the albumin-bound and AGP-bound pools in plasma. RESULTS The free propranolol concentration in brain is under-estimated 2- to fourfold by in vitro measurements of free plasma propranolol, and the free imipramine concentration in brain is under-estimated by 18- to 31-fold by in vitro measurements of free imipramine in plasma. The free drug concentration in brain in vivo is independent of drug binding to brain tissue proteins. CONCLUSIONS In vitro measurement of free drug concentration in plasma under-estimates the free drug in brain in vivo if PMU in vivo from either the albumin and/or the AGP pools in plasma takes place at the BBB surface.
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Cao Z, Zhang Z, Liu R, Wu M, Li Z, Xu X, Liu Z. Serum Linkage-Specific Sialylation Changes Are Potential Biomarkers for Monitoring and Predicting the Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Following Thyroidectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:858325. [PMID: 35574008 PMCID: PMC9098836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.858325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) could remain indolent, the recurrence rates after thyroidectomy are approximately 20%. There are currently no accurate serum biomarkers that can monitor and predict recurrence of PTC after thyroidectomy. This study aimed to explore novel serum biomarkers that are relevant to the monitoring and prediction of recurrence in PTC using N-glycomics. METHODS A high-throughput quantitative strategy based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to obtain serum protein N-glycomes of well-differentiated PTC, postoperative surveillance (PS), postoperative recurrence (PR), and matched healthy controls (HC) including linkage-specific sialylation information. RESULTS Serum N-glycan traits were found to differ among PTC, PS, PR, and HC. The differentially expressed N-glycan traits consisting of sixteen directly detected glycan traits and seven derived glycan traits indicated the response to surgical resection therapy and the potential for monitoring the PTC. Two glycan traits representing the levels of linkage-specific sialylation (H4N3F1L1 and H4N6F1E1) which were down-regulated in PS and up-regulated in PR showed high potential as biomarkers for predicting the recurrence after thyroidectomy. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study provides comprehensive evaluations of the serum N-glycomic changes in patients with PS or PR for the first time. Several candidate serum N-glycan biomarkers including the linkage-specific sialylation have been determined, some of which have potential in the prediction of recurrence in PTC, and others of which can help to explore and monitor the response to initial surgical resection therapy. The findings enhanced the comprehension of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zejian Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zepeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiequn Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiequn Xu, ; Ziwen Liu,
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiequn Xu, ; Ziwen Liu,
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Gu J, Wu J, Cao Y, Xu Y, Li L, Guan K, Liu P, Yin J, Zhi Y, Zhang S. Validation of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for hereditary angioedema via plasma N-glycomics. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12090. [PMID: 34962719 PMCID: PMC8712629 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease with heterogeneous clinical symptoms. It is vitally important to predict whether an HAE patient will develop severe symptoms in clinical practice, but there are currently no predictive biomarkers for HAE stratification. Plasma N-glycomes are disease-specific and have great potential for the discovery of non-invasive biomarkers. In this study, we profiled the plasma N-glycome of HAE patients from two independent cohorts to identify candidate biomarkers. METHODS Linkage-specific sialylation derivatization combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection and automated data processing was employed to analyze the plasma N-glycome of two independent type-1 HAE cohorts. RESULTS HAE patients had abnormal glycan complexity, galactosylation, and α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialylation compared to healthy controls (HC). The classification models based on dysregulated glycan traits could successfully discriminate between HAE and HC with area under the curves (AUCs) being greater than 0.9. Some of the aberrant glycans showed response to therapy. Moreover, we identified a series of glycan traits with strong associations with the occurrence of laryngeal or gastrointestinal angioedema or disease severity score. Predictive models based on these traits could be used to predict disease severity (AUC > 0.9). These results were replicated in an independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS We reported the full plasma N-glycomic signature of HAE for the first time, and identified potential biomarkers. These findings may play a critical role in predicting disease severity and guide the treatment of HAE in clinical practice. Further protein-specific and prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Zhang
- Department of Medical Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianqing Gu
- Department of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Medical Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yingyang Xu
- Department of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lisha Li
- Department of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Kai Guan
- Department of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuxiang Zhi
- Department of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyNational Clinical Research Center for Immunologic DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of CardiologyState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Sadhasivam S, Aruldhas BW, Packiasabapathy S, Overholser BR, Zhang P, Zang Y, Renschler JS, Fitzgerald RE, Quinney SK. A Novel Perioperative Multidose Methadone-Based Multimodal Analgesic Strategy in Children Achieved Safe and Low Analgesic Blood Methadone Levels Enabling Opioid-Sparing Sustained Analgesia With Minimal Adverse Effects. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:327-337. [PMID: 33481403 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative methadone, a long-acting opioid, is increasingly used for postoperative analgesia, although the optimal methadone dosing strategy in children is still unknown. The use of a single large dose of intraoperative methadone is controversial due to inconsistent reductions in total opioid use in children and adverse effects. We recently demonstrated that small, repeated doses of methadone intraoperatively and postoperatively provided sustained analgesia and reduced opioid use without respiratory depression. The aim of this study was to characterize pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a multiple small-dose methadone strategy. METHODS Adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for idiopathic scoliosis or pectus excavatum (PE) repair received methadone intraoperatively (0.1 mg/kg, maximum 5 mg) and postoperatively every 12 hours for 3-5 doses in a multimodal analgesic protocol. Blood samples were collected up to 72 hours postoperatively and analyzed for R-methadone and S-methadone, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidene (EDDP) metabolites, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG), the primary methadone-binding protein. Peak and trough concentrations of enantiomers, total methadone, and AAG levels were correlated with clinical outcomes including pain scores, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), respiratory depression, and QT interval prolongation. RESULTS The study population included 38 children (10.8-17.9 years): 25 PSF and 13 PE patients. Median total methadone peak plasma concentration was 24.7 (interquartile range [IQR], 19.2-40.8) ng/mL and the median trough was 4.09 (IQR, 2.74-6.4) ng/mL. AAG concentration almost doubled at 48 hours after surgery (median = 193.9, IQR = 86.3-279.5 µg/mL) from intraoperative levels (median = 87.4, IQR = 70.6-115.8 µg/mL; P < .001), and change of AAG from intraoperative period to 48 hours postoperatively correlated with R-EDDP (P < .001) levels, S-EDDP (P < .001) levels, and pain scores (P = .008). Median opioid usage was minimal, 0.66 (IQR, 0.59-0.75) mg/kg morphine equivalents/d. No respiratory depression (95% Wilson binomial confidence, 0-0.09) or clinically significant QT prolongation (median = 9, IQR = -10 to 28 milliseconds) occurred. PONV occurred in 12 patients and was correlated with morphine equivalent dose (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Novel multiple small perioperative methadone doses resulted in safe and lower blood methadone levels, <100 ng/mL, a threshold previously associated with respiratory depression. This methadone dosing in a multimodal regimen resulted in lower blood methadone analgesia concentrations than the historically described minimum analgesic concentrations of methadone from an era before multimodal postoperative analgesia without postoperative respiratory depression and prolonged corrected QT (QTc). Larger studies are needed to further study the safety and efficacy of this methadone dosing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blessed W Aruldhas
- From the Department of Anesthesia.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Brian R Overholser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Ryan E Fitzgerald
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - Sara K Quinney
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Zhang Z, Reiding KR, Wu J, Li Z, Xu X. Distinguishing Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules and Identifying Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Plasma N-Glycomics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:692910. [PMID: 34248851 PMCID: PMC8267918 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.692910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers are needed for patient stratification between benign thyroid nodules (BTN) and thyroid cancer (TC) and identifying metastasis in TC. Though plasma N-glycome profiling has shown potential in the discovery of biomarkers and can provide new insight into the mechanisms involved, little is known about it in TC and BTN. Besides, several studies have indicated associations between abnormal glycosylation and TC. Here, we aimed to explore plasma protein N-glycome of a TC cohort with regard to their applicability to serve as biomarkers. METHODS Plasma protein N-glycomes of TC, BTN, and matched healthy controls (HC) were obtained using a robust quantitative strategy based on MALDI-TOF MS and included linkage-specific sialylation information. RESULTS Plasma N-glycans were found to differ between BTN, TC, and HC in main glycosylation features, namely complexity, galactosylation, fucosylation, and sialylation. Four altered glycan traits, which were consecutively decreased in BTN and TC, and classification models based on them showed high potential as biomarkers for discrimination between BTN and TC ("moderately accurate" to "accurate"). Additionally, strong associations were found between plasma N-glycans and lymph node metastasis in TC, which added the accuracy of predicting metastasis before surgery to the existing method. CONCLUSIONS We comprehensively evaluated the plasma N-glycomic changes in patients with TC or BTN for the first time. We determined several N-glycan biomarkers, some of them have potential in the differential diagnosis of TC, and the others can help to stratify TC patients to low or high risk of lymph node metastasis. The findings enhanced the understanding of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Karli R. Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zepeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiequn Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiequn Xu,
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Ceciliani F, Lecchi C. The Immune Functions of α 1 Acid Glycoprotein. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:505-524. [PMID: 30950347 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190405101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
α1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid, AGP) is an Acute Phase Protein produced by liver and peripheral tissues in response to systemic reaction to inflammation. AGP functions have been studied mostly in human, cattle and fish, although the protein has been also found in many mammalian species and birds. AGP fulfils at least two set of functions, which are apparently different from each other but in fact intimately linked. On one hand, AGP is an immunomodulatory protein. On the other hand, AGP is one of the most important binding proteins in plasma and, beside modulating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs, it is also able to bind and transport several endogen ligands related to inflammation. The focus of this review is the immunomodulatory activity of AGP. This protein regulates every single event related to inflammation, including binding of pathogens and modulating white blood cells activity throughout the entire leukocyte attacking sequence. The regulation of AGP activity is complex: the inflammation induces not only an increase in AGP serum concentration, but also a qualitative change in its carbohydrate moiety, generating a multitude of glycoforms, each of them with different, and sometimes opposite and contradictory, activities. We also present the most recent findings about the relationship between AGP and adipose tissue: AGP interacts with leptin receptor and, given its immunomodulatory function, it may be included among the potential players in the field of immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Smith SA, Waters NJ. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations for Drugs Binding to Alpha-1-Acid Glycoprotein. Pharm Res 2018; 36:30. [PMID: 30593605 PMCID: PMC7089466 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
According to the free drug hypothesis only the unbound drug is available to act at physiological sites of action, and as such the importance of plasma protein binding primarily resides in its impact on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Of the major plasma proteins, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) represents an intriguing one primarily due to the high affinity, low capacity properties of this protein. In addition, there are marked species and age differences in protein expression, homology and drug binding affinity. As such, a thorough understanding of drug binding to AAG can help aid and improve the translation of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships from preclinical species to human as well as adults to neonates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the biochemistry of AAG; endogenous function, impact of disease, utility as a biomarker, and impact on PK/PD. Experimental considerations are discussed as well as recommendations for understanding the potential impact of AAG on PK through drug discovery and early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri A Smith
- Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalytical, H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
| | - Nigel J Waters
- Nonclinical Development, Relay Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Dotz V, Lemmers RFH, Reiding KR, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Lieverse AG, Mulder MT, Sijbrands EJG, Wuhrer M, van Hoek M. Plasma protein N-glycan signatures of type 2 diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2613-2622. [PMID: 30251656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about enzymatic N-glycosylation in type 2 diabetes, a common posttranslational modification of proteins influencing their function and integrating genetic and environmental influences. We sought to gain insights into N-glycosylation to uncover yet unexplored pathophysiological mechanisms in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Using a high-throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method, we measured N-glycans in plasma samples of the DiaGene case-control study (1583 cases and 728 controls). Associations were investigated with logistic regression and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and smoking. Findings were replicated in a nested replication cohort of 232 cases and 108 controls. RESULTS Eighteen glycosylation features were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Fucosylation and bisection of diantennary glycans were decreased in diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, p = 1.26E-03, and OR = 0.87, p = 2.84E-02, respectively), whereas total and, specifically, alpha2,6-linked sialylation were increased (OR = 1.38, p = 9.92E-07, and OR = 1.40, p = 5.48E-07). Alpha2,3-linked sialylation of triantennary glycans was decreased (OR = 0.60, p = 6.38E-11). CONCLUSIONS While some glycosylation changes were reflective of inflammation, such as increased alpha2,6-linked sialylation, our finding of decreased alpha2,3-linked sialylation in type 2 diabetes patients is contradictory to reports on acute and chronic inflammation. Thus, it might have previously unreported immunological implications in type 2 diabetes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides new insights into N-glycosylation patterns in type 2 diabetes, which can fuel studies on causal mechanisms and consequences of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Roosmarijn F H Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Aloysius G Lieverse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Higel F, Seidl A, Demelbauer U, Viertlboeck-Schudy M, Koppenburg V, Kronthaler U, Sörgel F, Friess W. N-glycan PK Profiling Using a High Sensitivity nanoLCMS Work-Flow with Heavy Stable Isotope Labeled Internal Standard and Application to a Preclinical Study of an IgG1 Biopharmaceutical. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3649-59. [PMID: 26017302 PMCID: PMC4596906 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In this study an innovative, highly sensitive work-flow is presented that allows the analysis of a possible influence of individual glyco-variants on pharmacokinetics already during pre-clinical development. Possible effects on the pharmacokinetics caused by glyco-variants have been subject of several studies with in part contradictory results which can be related to differences in the set-up. Methods Using 96-well plate based affinity purification an IgG1 antibody was isolated from preclinical samples and glycans were analyzed individually by nanoLCMS. Prerequisite was a reference standard based on stable heavy isotope labeled glycans. The high sensitivity and low sample consumption enabled the integration into the preclinical development program. Results The data of an IgG1 biopharmaceutical from a preclinical rabbit study showed that some N-glycoforms have a different PK profile compared with the average of all molecule variants as determined by ELISA. IgG1 high mannose glycoforms M5 and M6 were removed from circulation at a higher rate. Conclusion The results of the preclinical study demonstrated the applicability of the developed innovative workflow. The PK profile of glyco-variants could be determined individually. It was concluded that M6 was converted by mannosidases in circulation to M5 which in turn was selectively cleared by mannose receptor binding which is in-line with previously published results. Therefore the developed technology delivers reliable results and can be applied for PK profiling of other mAbs and other types of biopharmaceuticals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11095-015-1724-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Higel
- Analytical Characterization, Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, HEXAL AG, Keltenring 1+3, 82041, Oberhaching, Germany.
| | - Andreas Seidl
- Analytical Characterization, Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, HEXAL AG, Keltenring 1+3, 82041, Oberhaching, Germany.
| | - Uwe Demelbauer
- Process Analytics, Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Schaftenau, Austria
| | | | - Vera Koppenburg
- Clinical Bioanalytics, Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, HEXAL AG, Oberhaching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kronthaler
- Clinical R&D, Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, HEXAL AG, Holzkirchen, Germany
| | - Fritz Sörgel
- IBMP - Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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