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Nesic A, De Bonis MV, Dal Poggetto G, Ruocco G, Santagata G. Microwave Assisted Extraction of Raw Alginate as a Sustainable and Cost-Effective Method to Treat Beach-Accumulated Sargassum Algae. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2979. [PMID: 37514369 PMCID: PMC10383502 DOI: 10.3390/polym15142979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper highlights the potential of Sargassum algae, recovered from raw beach seaweed wastes, as a valid source of valuable sodium alginate. Alginate is a biodegradable, highly attractive polysaccharide widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and biomedicine applications. The aim of this work is to employ a new eco-sustainable and cost-effective extractive method to obtain alginate as a raw material from pollutant organic Sargassum seaweeds. Algae were exposed to microwave pre-treatment under static and dynamic conditions, and three different extractive protocols were followed: (a) conventional, (b) hot water and (c) alkaline method. All samples were characterized by GPC, SEM, FTIR/ATR and TGA. It was found that alginate's best performances were obtained by the microwave dynamic pre-treatment method followed by alkaline extractive protocol. Nevertheless, the microwave pre-treatment of algae allowed the easiest breaking of their cell walls and the following fast releasing of sodium alginate. The authors demonstrated that microwave-enhanced extraction is an effective way to obtain sodium alginate from Sargassum-stranded seaweed waste materials in a cost-effective and eco-sustainable approach. They also assessed their applications as mulching films for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nesic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maria Valeria De Bonis
- College of Engineering, Campus Macchia Romana, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dal Poggetto
- National Council of Research, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Ruocco
- College of Engineering, Campus Macchia Romana, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santagata
- National Council of Research, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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Pulsed electric field combined with microwave-assisted extraction of pectin polysaccharide from jackfruit waste. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fruit Characteristics, Peel Nutritional Compositions, and Their Relationships with Mango Peel Pectin Quality. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061148. [PMID: 34200110 PMCID: PMC8226707 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mango peel, a byproduct from the mango processing industry, is a potential source of food-grade mango peel pectin (MPP). Nonetheless, the influence of fruit physical characteristics and phytochemicals of peels on their correspondent pectin level has never been examined, particularly when high-quality food additives are of commercial need. Subsequently, the ultimate aim of the present study was to comprehend their relationship using chemometric data analyses as part of raw material sourcing criteria. Principal component analysis (PCA) advised that mangoes of 'mahachanok' and 'nam dok mai' could be distinguished from 'chok anan' and 'kaew' on the basis of physiology, peel morphology, and phytochemical characteristics. Only pectin extracted from mango var. 'chok anan' was classified as low-methoxyl type (Mox value ~4%). Using the partial least-squares (PLS) regression, the multivariate correlation between the fruit and peel properties and the degree of esterification (DE) value was reported at R2 > 0.9 and Q2 > 0.8. The coefficient factors illustrated that yields of byproducts such as seed and total biomass negatively influenced DE values, while they were positively correlated with crude fiber and xylose contents of the peels. Overall, it is interesting to highlight that, regardless of the differences in fruit varieties, the amount of biomass and peel proximate properties can be proficiently applied to establish classification of desirable properties of the industrial MPP.
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Morais ES, Lopes AMDC, Freire MG, Freire CSR, Coutinho JAP, Silvestre AJD. Use of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polysaccharides Dissolution and Extraction Processes towards Sustainable Biomass Valorization. Molecules 2020; 25:E3652. [PMID: 32796649 PMCID: PMC7465760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A shift to a bioeconomy development model has been evolving, conducting the scientific community to investigate new ways of producing chemicals, materials and fuels from renewable resources, i.e., biomass. Specifically, technologies that provide high performance and maximal use of biomass feedstocks into commodities with reduced environmental impact have been highly pursued. A key example comprises the extraction and/or dissolution of polysaccharides, one of the most abundant fractions of biomass, which still need to be improved regarding these processes' efficiency and selectivity parameters. In this context, the use of alternative solvents and the application of less energy-intensive processes in the extraction of polysaccharides might play an important role to reach higher efficiency and sustainability in biomass valorization. This review debates the latest achievements in sustainable processes for the extraction of polysaccharides from a myriad of biomass resources, including lignocellulosic materials and food residues. Particularly, the ability of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to dissolve and extract the most abundant polysaccharides from natural sources, namely cellulose, chitin, starch, hemicelluloses and pectins, is scrutinized and the efficiencies between solvents are compared. The interaction mechanisms between solvent and polysaccharide are described, paving the way for the design of selective extraction processes. A detailed discussion of the work developed for each polysaccharide as well as the innovation degree and the development stage of dissolution and extraction technologies is presented. Their advantages and disadvantages are also identified, and possible synergies by integrating microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extraction (MAE and UAE) or a combination of both (UMAE) are briefly described. Overall, this review provides key information towards the design of more efficient, selective and sustainable extraction and dissolution processes of polysaccharides from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (E.S.M.); (A.M.d.C.L.); (M.G.F.); (C.S.R.F.); (J.A.P.C.)
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Pangestu R, Amanah S, Juanssilfero AB, Yopi, Perwitasari U. Response surface methodology for microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao) mediated by oxalic acid. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wongkaew M, Sommano SR, Tangpao T, Rachtanapun P, Jantanasakulwong K. Mango Peel Pectin by Microwave-Assisted Extraction and its Use as Fat Replacement in Dried Chinese Sausage. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040450. [PMID: 32272742 PMCID: PMC7231197 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, low-fat dried Chinese sausage was formulated with mango peel pectin (MPP; 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w)) extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The extractable yield of pectin attained from peel of Nam Dok Mai variety was achieved at 13.85% using 700-watt power. The extracted MPP were of high equivalent weight (1485.78 mg/mol), degree esterification (77.19%) and methoxyl content (19.33%) with a structure of greater porosity as compared to that of the conventional method. Spectrum scans by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) indicated that the extracted MPP gave similar wave number profiles as the commercial pectin. Quality attributes of the Chinese sausages were assessed and compared with the control formula (CTRL). At higher concentrations of MPP, the intensity of redness and yellowness in sausage increased. The texture profile of the sausage illustrated that only the hardness value was comparable with the CTRL, while springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were statistically lower (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the sensory evaluation by experienced panellists (n = 12) indicated that 5% MPP similarly represented overall acceptability with the CTRL. Consequently, MPP can be effectively incorporated in the formula at low level to replace fat in Chinese sausage, allowing colour improvement and production of a healthier option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaiporn Wongkaew
- Major of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Programme of Food Production and Innovation, Faculty of Integrated of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.R.); (K.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tibet Tangpao
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.R.); (K.J.)
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.R.); (K.J.)
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Shafie MH, Yusof R, Gan CY. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) mediated extraction of pectin from Averrhoa bilimbi: Optimization and characterization studies. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 216:303-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Neves CMSS, Figueiredo M, Reis PM, Sousa ACA, Cristóvão AC, Fiadeiro MB, Rebelo LPN, Coutinho JAP, Esperança JMSS, Freire MG. Simultaneous Separation of Antioxidants and Carbohydrates From Food Wastes Using Aqueous Biphasic Systems Formed by Cholinium-Derived Ionic Liquids. Front Chem 2019; 7:459. [PMID: 31316969 PMCID: PMC6610481 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The food industry produces significant amounts of waste, many of them rich in valuable compounds that could be recovered and reused in the framework of circular economy. The development of sustainable and cost-effective technologies to recover these value added compounds will contribute to a significant decrease of the environmental footprint and economic burden of this industry sector. Accordingly, in this work, aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of cholinium-derived bistriflimide ionic liquids (ILs) and carbohydrates were investigated as an alternative process to simultaneously separate and recover antioxidants and carbohydrates from food waste. Aiming at improving the biocompatible character of the studied ILs and proposed process, cholinium-derived bistriflimide ILs were chosen, which were properly designed by playing with the cation alkyl side chain and the number of functional groups attached to the cation to be able to create ABS with carbohydrates. These ILs were characterized by cytotoxicity assays toward human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 cell line), demonstrating to have a significantly lower toxicity than other well-known and commonly used fluorinated ILs. The capability of these ILs to form ABS with a series of carbohydrates, namely monosaccharides, disaccharides and polyols, was then appraised by the determination of the respective ternary liquid-liquid phase diagrams at 25°C. The studied ABS were finally used to separate carbohydrates and antioxidants from real food waste samples, using an expired vanilla pudding as an example. With the studied systems, the separation of the two products occurs in one-step, where carbohydrates are enriched in the carbohydrate-rich phase and antioxidants are mainly present in the IL-rich phase. Extraction efficiencies of carbohydrates ranging between 89 and 92% to the carbohydrate-rich phase, and antioxidant relative activities ranging between 65 and 75% in the IL-rich phase were obtained. Furthermore, antioxidants from the IL-rich phase were recovered by solid-phase extraction, and the IL was recycled for two more times with no losses on the ABS separation performance. Overall, the obtained results show that the investigated ABS are promising platforms to simultaneously separate carbohydrates and antioxidants from real food waste samples, and could be used in further related applications foreseeing industrial food waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M S S Neves
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marcos Figueiredo
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana C A Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana C Cristóvão
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mariana B Fiadeiro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - João A P Coutinho
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Mara G Freire
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Arya M, Singh P, Tripathi CB, Parashar P, Singh M, Kanoujia J, Guleria A, Kaithwas G, Gupta KP, Saraf SA. Pectin-encrusted gold nanocomposites containing phytic acid and jacalin: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats, PI3K/Akt, COX-2, and serum metabolomics as potential targets. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 9:53-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-00605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Liu X, Jing X, Li G. Optimization of Vacuum Microwave-Mediated Extraction of Syringoside and Oleuropein from Twigs of Syringa oblata. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:6179013. [PMID: 30254785 PMCID: PMC6145317 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6179013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A vacuum microwave-mediated method was used to extract syringoside and oleuropein from Syringa oblata twigs. The optimal extraction conditions were an ethanol volume fraction of 40%, a liquid-solid ratio of 17 mL/g, 1 h of soaking time, -0.08 MPa of vacuum, a microwave irradiation power of 524 W, and a microwave irradiation time of 8 min. Under optimal parameters, the maximum yields of syringoside (5.92 ± 0.24 mg/g) and oleuropein (4.02 ± 0.18 mg/g) were obtained. The proposed method is more efficient than conventional methods for extracting syringoside and oleuropein from Syringa oblata. Moreover, less energy and time were required. The results implied that vacuum microwave-mediated extraction is a suitable method for the extraction of thermosensitive glycosides such as syringoside and oleuropein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xuemin Jing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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Kebaili M, Djellali S, Radjai M, Drouiche N, Lounici H. Valorization of orange industry residues to form a natural coagulant and adsorbent. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Putnik P, Bursać Kovačević D, Režek Jambrak A, Barba FJ, Cravotto G, Binello A, Lorenzo JM, Shpigelman A. Innovative "Green" and Novel Strategies for the Extraction of Bioactive Added Value Compounds from Citrus Wastes-A Review. Molecules 2017; 22:E680. [PMID: 28448474 PMCID: PMC6154587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus is a major processed crop that results in large quantities of wastes and by-products rich in various bioactive compounds such as pectins, water soluble and insoluble antioxidants and essential oils. While some of those wastes are currently valorised by various technologies (yet most are discarded or used for feed), effective, non-toxic and profitable extraction strategies could further significantly promote the valorisation and provide both increased profits and high quality bioactives. The present review will describe and summarize the latest works concerning novel and greener methods for valorisation of citrus by-products. The outcomes and effectiveness of those technologies such as microwaves, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields and high pressure is compared both to conventional valorisation technologies and between the novel technologies themselves in order to highlight the advantages and potential scalability of these so-called "enabling technologies". In many cases the reported novel technologies can enable a valorisation extraction process that is "greener" compared to the conventional technique due to a lower energy consumption and reduced utilization of toxic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Putnik
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Danijela Bursać Kovačević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy.
| | - Arianna Binello
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy.
| | - Jose Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, c/Galicia, 4, San Ciprián de Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Avi Shpigelman
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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Bhan M, Satija S, Garg C, Dureja H, Garg M. Optimization of ionic liquid-based microwave assisted extraction of a diterpenoid lactone-andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata by response surface methodology. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Seyhan Bozkurt S, Işık G. Ionic Liquid Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Preconcentration of Zearalenone and Its Determination in Beer and Cereal Samples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1079721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serap Seyhan Bozkurt
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Kaynaklar Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gözde Işık
- The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Kaynaklar Campus, Izmir, Turkey
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Microwave-Assisted Ionic Liquid Extraction of n-Alkanes and Isoprenoid Hydrocarbons from Petroleum Source Rock. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Trivedi TJ, Kumar A. Efficient Extraction of Agarose from Red Algae Using Ionic Liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2014.44025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Das AK, Mandal V, Mandal SC. A brief understanding of process optimisation in microwave-assisted extraction of botanical materials: options and opportunities with chemometric tools. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:1-12. [PMID: 24105963 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extraction forms the very basic step in research on natural products for drug discovery. A poorly optimised and planned extraction methodology can jeopardise the entire mission. OBJECTIVE To provide a vivid picture of different chemometric tools and planning for process optimisation and method development in extraction of botanical material, with emphasis on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of botanical material. METHODS A review of studies involving the application of chemometric tools in combination with MAE of botanical materials was undertaken in order to discover what the significant extraction factors were. Optimising a response by fine-tuning those factors, experimental design or statistical design of experiment (DoE), which is a core area of study in chemometrics, was then used for statistical analysis and interpretations. RESULTS In this review a brief explanation of the different aspects and methodologies related to MAE of botanical materials that were subjected to experimental design, along with some general chemometric tools and the steps involved in the practice of MAE, are presented. A detailed study on various factors and responses involved in the optimisation is also presented. CONCLUSION This article will assist in obtaining a better insight into the chemometric strategies of process optimisation and method development, which will in turn improve the decision-making process in selecting influential extraction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Das
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_43-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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