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Matos FDS, Rocha LE, Lima MDC, Dantas MVDB, Jesuino RD, Ribeiro JMDC, Vieira WDA, Paranhos LR. Efficacy of preoperative and postoperative medications in reducing pain after non-surgical root canal treatment: an umbrella review. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:485. [PMID: 39141185 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzed, using an umbrella review, existing systematic reviews on medications to prevent and control postoperative endodontic pain to guide professionals in choosing the most effective drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search in the PubMed (MEDLINE), LILACS, SciELO, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Reviews, and Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) databases retrieved 17 systematic reviews. The study included only systematic reviews of clinical trials with or without meta-analyses evaluating effectiveness of medications in reducing pain after non-surgical endodontic treatment. RESULTS The evidence showed that steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids effectively controlled pain within six to 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone, prednisolone, paracetamol, and mainly ibuprofen provided higher postoperative pain relief. The quality of evidence of the reviews ranged from very low to high, and the risk of bias from low to high, suggesting the need for well-designed clinical trials to provide confirmatory evidence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This review emphasizes the efficacy of developing protocols for pain control after endodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Souza Matos
- Rural Technology and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Laura Elias Rocha
- Rural Technology and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Mateus da Costa Lima
- Rural Technology and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Dias Jesuino
- Faculty of Dentistry, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - João Marcos da Costa Ribeiro
- Faculty of Dentistry, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Department of Public Health and Legal Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, UMU2G, Sala 01 Av. Pará, 1720, Bairro Umuarama Uberlândia, Uberlândia, CEP 38405-320, MG, Brazil.
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Romeiro K, Gominho LF, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Postoperative pain in oncological patients subjected to nonsurgical root canal treatment: a prospective case-control study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:472. [PMID: 39110264 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain in oncological patients with infected teeth subjected to nonsurgical root canal treatment or retreatment. METHODS Teeth with apical periodontitis from healthy control patients and oncological patients (n = 70 per group) were root canal treated/retreated and evaluated for the development of postoperative pain. Patients from the two groups were matched for tooth type, gender, clinical manifestation of apical periodontitis, and intervention type. A visual analogue scale (VSA) was used to evaluate the incidence of postoperative pain at 24 h, 72 h, 7d, and 15d after chemomechanical procedures. Data were statistically analyzed for the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain in the two groups. RESULTS Preoperative pain occurred in 10% of the individuals and in all these cases pain showed a reduction in intensity or was absent after endodontic intervention at 24-h evaluation. The overall incidence of postoperative pain at 24 h was 14% in oncology patients and 30% in controls (p = 0.03). At 72 h, the respective corresponding figures were 4% and 8.5% (p > 0.05). At 7 and 15 days, all patients were asymptomatic, irrespective of the group. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in postoperative pain were found between control and oncological patients. The low incidence of postoperative pain observed in both groups supports the routine use of nonsurgical root canal treatment/retreatment as valid options in oncological patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oncological patients had no increased risk of postoperative pain in comparison with control patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaline Romeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Royal Portuguese Hospital of Charity in Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Luciana F Gominho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, PB, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
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Kataia MM, Kataia EM, Khalil HF, Seoud MAE. Post-operative pain after root canal preparation with different apical finishing sizes a triple blinded split mouth clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:800. [PMID: 39014316 PMCID: PMC11250953 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a triple-blinded, prospective split-mouth clinical trial. It is important to shed light on the effect of different apical preparation sizes regarding postoperative pain within the same patient with the same pulpal histological status. The aim is to compare and evaluate the severity of postoperative pain following apical enlargement with two different sizes after the IBF using the visual analogue scale. METHODS Fifty "teeth" in 25 patients were assigned into two equal groups (25 per group) using E3 Azure rotary files; Group A was prepared two sizes greater than the Initial binding file (IBF) (the largest K file to bind at the actual working length) mesial canals, which were enlarged to 35#/0.04 and 40#/0.04 for the distal canals. Group B was prepared in three sizes larger than the IBF: 40#/0.04 for mesial canals and 45#/0.04 for the distal canals. On a modified VAS form, patients were questioned to indicate the degree of their pain and assisted in narrating their pain intensity during the following periods: 12, 24, and 72 h, and after a week. VAS data were non-parametric and analyzed using the signed-rank test for intergroup comparisons, Freidman's test, and the Nemenyi post hoc test for intragroup comparisons. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS showed that regardless of measurement time, enlargement of apical preparation was significantly associated with higher pain scores (p < 0.001). Within both groups, there was a significant reduction of measured pain score with time, with values measured after 12 and 24 h being significantly higher than values measured at other intervals (p < 0.001) and with values measured after three days being significantly higher than 1-week value (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The size of apical preparation had a significant effect on postoperative pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER & DATE NCT05847738, 08/05/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Medhat Kataia
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy Medhat Kataia
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Fayek Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abou El Seoud
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
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Lalfakawmi S, Gupta A, Duraisamy AK, Abraham D, Mrinalini M, Mane AP. Impact of Cryotreated and Warm Sodium Hypochlorite on Postoperative Pain in Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00397-2. [PMID: 38987018 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of cryotreated and warm sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on postoperative pain in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. METHODS Sixty-six individuals with preoperative pain scores of ≥54 mm on the Heft Parker Visual Analogue Pain Scale (HP-VAS) diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis as per the American Association of Endodontists guidelines in mandibular molars were included. The preparation of the access and the root canals was instrumented and irrigated in accordance with a standard protocol. Based on the temperature of the final irrigant, the root canals were then randomly assigned to 3 groups and 3% NaOCl was irrigated: control (at 25°C), cold NaOCl (2°C), and warm NaOCl (60°C) (n = 22/group). Root canal treatment was completed at the same visit. Pre- and postoperative pain assessment at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours was conducted using the HP-VAS, and analgesic consumption was noted. Suitable statistical tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS In comparison with the other 2 groups, the cold NaOCl group had a lower HP-VAS score at all follow-up intervals. Between groups, there was a statistically significant difference in postoperative pain scores at 6 and 72 hours (P < .05). None of the subjects experienced any postoperative discomfort at 72 hours in the control and cold NaOCl groups. CONCLUSION Patients treated with cold NaOCl as the final irrigant experienced significantly less postoperative pain at 6 hours when compared with room temperature and warm NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lalfakawmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Alpa Gupta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Duraisamy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Dax Abraham
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Mrinalini Mrinalini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Arjun Prakash Mane
- Department of Mathematics, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Gastmann AH, Xavier SR, Pilownic KJ, Romano AR, Gomes FDA, Goettems ML, Morgental RD, Pappen FG. Pain, anxiety, and catastrophizing among pregnant women with dental pain, undergoing root canal treatment. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e054. [PMID: 38922214 PMCID: PMC11376644 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This prospective study aims to evaluate dental pain, anxiety, and catastrophizing levels in pregnant women undergoing root canal treatment. Sixty pregnant and non-pregnant women presenting dental pain and an indication for root canal treatment were included in the study. Dental anxiety and catastrophizing were investigated using validated questionnaires. The endodontic intervention was performed, and a numerical scale measured preoperative and postoperative dental pain. The results were analyzed using STATA software 12.0. Unadjusted analyses assessed the association between pregnancy and pain, anxiety, and catastrophizing levels. Multiple linear regression models using 'forward stepwise' entry procedures were used to assess the independent effects of variables on pain scores. The significance level was set at 0.05. Initially, most patients experienced intense dental pain. The levels of dental pain, dental anxiety, and catastrophizing did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Logistic regression showed that postoperative pain was associated with irreversible pulpitis diagnosis (OR = 4.78; 95%CI 1.55-13.55) and high catastrophizing levels (OR = 1.96; 95%CI 1.01-3.84). Preoperative and postoperative pain rates and anxiety and catastrophizing were similar between pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Postoperative pain was associated with irreversible pulpitis diagnosis and high catastrophizing levels. The similarity between pregnant and non-pregnant women regarding preoperative and postoperative dental pain and catastrophizing and anxiety levels supports the indication of root canal treatment during the gestational period whenever necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Heberle Gastmann
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Samantha Rodrigues Xavier
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Katerine Jahnecke Pilownic
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Romano
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Almeida Gomes
- Universidade de Fortaleza - Unifor, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marília Leão Goettems
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Dornelles Morgental
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Geraldo Pappen
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Nathani TI, Olivieri JG, Tomás J, Elmsmari F, Abella F, Durán-Sindreu F. Post-operative pain after single-visit root canal treatment using resin-based and bioceramic sealers in teeth with apical periodontitis: A randomised controlled-trial. AUST ENDOD J 2024. [PMID: 38887839 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare postoperative pain in teeth with symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AP) following a single-visit endodontic treatment using BioRoot™ RCS or AH Plus at 8 h, 24 h and 48 h postoperatively. Postgraduate students performed endodontic treatment on 101 teeth with AP, randomised into two obturation groups. A 100-mm Visual Analog Scale was used to document the intensity of pain at preoperative, 8-h, 24-h and 48-h intervals. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality, and the median and interquartile ranges were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Preoperative pain (1.90 ± 3.50) was more frequent in teeth with symptomatic AP (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in postoperative pain at the 8-h, 24-h and 48-h intervals. Pre and postoperative pain were directly associated (p < 0.05). Single-visit root canal treatment in teeth with AP using both sealers resulted in similar levels of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tousif Iqbal Nathani
- Department of Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Tomás
- Department of Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Firas Elmsmari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Center of Medical and bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Francesc Abella
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Center of Medical and bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Xiqian L, Ying Z, Mian M. The effect of apical patency on postoperative pain following endodontic therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12986. [PMID: 38632110 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether apical patency increases postoperative pain after endodontic therapy. This study explored the degree and incidence of postoperative pain during root canal therapy, as well as the number of required analgesic doses. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and gray literature from the date of database inception until May 2023. RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis. Twelve studies were considered eligible for meta-analysis. The mean pain scores on days 1 (mean difference [MD] = -1.69) and 2 (MD = -0.85) differed significantly between the apical patency and non-patency groups. The odds for pain after 24 h were significantly lower (OR 0.59) in the apical patency group than in the non-patency group. Furthermore, the mean number of required analgesic doses was not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, apical patency significantly alleviated postoperative pain (low-quality evidence) and reduced the incidence of pain (moderate evidence). However, high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xiqian
- Department of Stomatology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhai Ying
- Department of Stomatology, Yangquan Coal Industry Group General Hospital, Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Mao Mian
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chengdu, China
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McGillivray A, Dutta A. The influence of laser-activated irrigation on post-operative pain following root canal treatment: A systematic review. J Dent 2024; 144:104928. [PMID: 38484867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Synthesise evidence on post-endodontic pain (PEP) in adult teeth undergoing primary root canal treatment with the adjunctive use of laser-activated irrigation (LAI) as compared with conventional needle irrigation (CNI) during the first post-operative week. DATA An electronic search was performed; no language constraints or restriction on the year of publication were applied. SOURCES Medline, Scopus, Cochrane and PubMed on 04 June 2023 STUDY SELECTION: Randomised clinical trials (RaCTs) that evaluated PEP after LAI of endodontic irrgants were included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used. PEP was analysed at various time intervals until 1 week after treatment, related to the type of LAI used and the need for analgesia. REULTS Of the 793 articles identified through the electronic database search, 6 RaCTs were included. Qualitative review was favoured over meta-analysis due to substantial methodological heterogeneity between studies. Five studies were at high risk for bias determined by the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool. Diode LAI demonstrated superior efficacy to needle irrigation in reducing pain 6-48 h post-treatment. The impact of LAI by photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) was unclear and no difference was observed between PIPS and needle irrigation. However, PIPS mitigated PEP better than manual dynamic activation, sonic and ultrasonic activation. There was no difference in analgesia intake between LAI and needle irrigation groups. CONCLUSIONS LAI may help reduce PEP in the first 48 h. Methodological standardisation of future RaCTs on LAI would be beneficial in allowing a more accurate review with the possibility of quantitative synthesis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This unique synthesis used stringent criteria to reduce confounding factors and provided valuable evidence regarding PEP with different types of LAI. It helps clinicians choose an appropriate LAI technique as compared with CNI and predicts a time frame for reducing PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McGillivray
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Lifesciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, United Kingdom
| | - Arindam Dutta
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Lifesciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, United Kingdom.
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Nunes LP, Nunes GP, Ferrisse TM, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Dezan-Júnior E, Cintra LTA, Sivieri-Araujo G. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of phototherapy on postoperative pain in conventional endodontic reintervention. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:232. [PMID: 38556608 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laser phototherapy (LPT) on the reduction in postoperative pain (PP) of endodontic origin after conventional/non-surgical reintervention of root canals. METHODS This SRM was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021243500) and followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using R software with the "META" package, the mean difference (MD) measure of effect was calculated, and the fixed effect model was applied with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The Cochrane collaboration scale was used to assess the risk of bias and the GRADE tool to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS Initially, 1028 articles were found, and five articles were included. Most studies were classified as "low" risk of bias. Of the five clinical studies, four showed a significant decrease in PP after endodontic reintervention in the LPT groups compared to the control group, especially in the first four days after the intervention. In symptomatic teeth with multiple roots, LPT led to less PP at 24 h (MD -0.52 [-1.03; -0.02] p = .04). However, no significant difference between the groups was found at 48 and 72 h (p > .05). The certainty of the evidence was classified as low. CONCLUSION Despite the limitations of this SRM, LPT was shown to be a promising alternative for reducing and controlling PP in conventional endodontic reintervention. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of LPT in endodontic reintervention may be a safe and promising alternative to clinically efficacious agent for use in the management of PP in this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloi Dezan-Júnior
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Saini A, Dheeraj M, Johar S, Goyal S, Chahal S, Garg D. Evaluation of Different Root Canal Sealers on Post Operative Pain in Single Visit RCT - A Comparative Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1679-S1684. [PMID: 38882873 PMCID: PMC11174161 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_423_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate and compare three different root canal sealers (Endo-Sequence BC, Bio Root RCS and Zinc Oxide Eugenol) on post operative pain in single visit root canal therapies. Material and Methodology 60 subjects with age ranging from 18-60 years were randomly selected depending upon the inclusion criteria. The subjects were then divided into three groups with 20 patients in each. In all the patients' single visit root canal treatment was done followed by obturation using different sealers. In Group I Endo- Sequence sealer was used, in Group II Bio-Root RCS and in Group III Zinc Oxide Eugenol sealers were used respectively. Results statistically significant results were obtained on comparing the efficacy of three groups with Group I proving to be much effect among the three. Conclusion within the limitation of the study it can be concluded that though all the sealers were effective in reducing post-operative pain, patients with Endo Sequence BC sealers evaluated statistically significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Brs Dental College and General Hospital Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Munish Dheeraj
- Department of Dentistry, Andaman and Nicobar Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Suksham Johar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and General Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Shweta Goyal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Brs Dental College and General Hospital Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Simran Chahal
- Department of Periodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kerala, India
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Danaci Z, Yeter KY. Evaluation of Pain Following the Use of Different Single-file Glide Path Systems: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2024; 50:120-128. [PMID: 37924939 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate postoperative pain intensity following glide-path preparation using the ProGlider (PG) and WaveOne Gold Glider (WOGG) systems in asymptomatic teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05955742) maxillary and mandibular molars with asymptomatic apical periodontitis of 78 patients (age, 18-65 years) were included. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (n = 26), PG (n = 26), and WOGG (n = 26). All the systems were used according to the manufacturer's instructions, and all the root canal treatments were completed by a single operator within 2 sessions. Postoperative pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Analgesics administered and abscess formation were also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U, Bonferroni Dunn, Friedman, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS The postoperative pain at 12 and 18 hours was lower in the WOGG group than in the other groups (P < .05). The postoperative pain scores at 6 and 24 hours were higher among women than among men (P < .05). The highest postoperative pain scores were observed at 6 hours (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The WOGG glide-path file system was associated with less postoperative pain than the other systems. Abscess formation and analgesic use were higher in the PG group than in the other groups. Postoperative pain was greater in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Danaci
- Department of Endodontics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Kübra Yeşildal Yeter
- Department of Endodontics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir, Turkey.
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Goncu B, Yucesan E, Basoglu H, Gul B, Aysan E, Ersoy YE. Xenotransplantation of Microencapsulated Parathyroid Cells as a Potential Treatment for Autoimmune-Related Hypoparathyroidism. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2023; 21:901-912. [PMID: 34387152 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2020.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypoparathyroidism occurs as a part of a complex autoimmune syndrome or iatrogenically after neck surgery. The disease presents many challenges, such as hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and low/undetectable parathormone levels. Allotransplantation of parathyroid tissue or cells has been reported as a promising option to overcome these effects. Transplantation of microencapsulated parathyroid tissue or cells offers an immune escape, which particularly restores the parathyroid function for autoimmune-related hypoparathyroidism. So far, clinical and in vivo studies have demonstrated limited graft survival and instability for the available biocompatible materials. In addition, the transplant site, proper local isolation, and biocompatibility of materials are directly related to survival rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS A microencapsulated parathyroid xenotransplant model by using high guluronic acid-containing ultrapure alginate transplanted into rat omentum was tested in vivo for 1 year. RESULTS After stability of empty microcapsules was ensured, parathyroid cells were microencapsulated and transplanted in rats, with results compared versus rats with naked (nonencapsulated) parathyroid cells (both groups followed for 64 weeks). Rats remained normocalcemic, and preinflammatory cytokine levels showed dramatic changes. Despite a delay posttransplant, parathormone levels increased significantly. All retrieved microencapsules elicited pericapsular fibrotic overgrowth; however, the fibrosis area was shown to be well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The possible role of accumulation/cell infiltration of immune response remains to be elucidated. In conjunction with this, the use of nonencapsulated parathyroid cells was also positively correlated with survival rates. A similar evaluation using ultrapure alginate materials and omental transplantation may enable the future determination for the long-term effects of correction of parathormone insufficiency in patients with severe hypocalcemic responses and other endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Goncu
- From the Experimental Research Center, the Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul
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Teja KV, Ramesh S, Janani K, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Natoli V, Di Blasio M, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Clinical correlation of salivary alpha-amylase levels with pain intensity in patients undergoing emergency endodontic treatment. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:562. [PMID: 37573306 PMCID: PMC10423407 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is usually subjective and thus it is challenging to describe its characteristics such as nature, intensity, and origin. Non-invasive methods such as assessing salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) may aid the practitioner to evaluate the pain intensity. Hence, the current study aimed to correlate the levels of SAA with the pain intensity in patients presenting with varied endodontic pain levels. METHODS Sixty patients who presented with varied intensities of endodontic pain were selected for the present study out of which seven patients were excluded/dropped, leaving a total sample of fifty-five patients for assessment. Mandibular molar with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis without periapical pathology were included in the study. A 5ml of un-stimulated was obtained from the patients, following which the local anesthesia was administered. Root canal treatment was then performed and the pain scores at pre-operative and post-operative were recorded. Additionally, salivary samples were collected after emergency endodontic treatment and sent for sialochemical analysis. IBM.SPSS statistics software 23.0 was employed to assess the obtained data. RESULTS A statistically significant drop in the pain score (P < 0.001) and SAA levels (P < 0.001) were observed post-operatively in the contract to pre-operative state. A strong positive correlation was reported between SAA levels and pain scores in patients undergoing emergency endodontic treatment at both time intervals namely pre-operative (P < 0.001) and post-operative (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this preliminary showed a strong association between the pain score and SAA levels in patients undergoing an emergency endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hopitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hopitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnamachari Janani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72345, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, 602105, Chennai, India.
| | - Valentino Natoli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, 28670, Spain
- Private Dental Practice, Fasano, 72015, Italy
| | - Marco Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Catania, 95123, CT, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, 80138, Italy
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Zadsirjan S, Toghrolian A, Zargar N. Analgesic Efficacy of Ketoprofen Transdermal Patch versus Ibuprofen Oral Tablet on Postendodontic Pain in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pain Res Manag 2023; 2023:8549655. [PMID: 37324280 PMCID: PMC10266914 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8549655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Materials and Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 64 patients who had mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly divided into two groups (n = 32) by stratified permuted block randomization. The experimental group used 60 mg KTP every 6 hours, and the control group received 400 mg ibuprofen tablets every 6 hours for 1 day. The severity of pain experienced by patients was quantified before and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after endodontic treatment, using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Data were analyzed by using the t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) (alpha = 0.05). Results The pain score was not significantly different between the two groups at the baseline or any other postoperative time point (P > 0.05). The reduction in the pain score was significant in both groups from 2 to 10 hours and 10 to 48 hours, postoperatively (P < 0.001). The interaction effect of time and group was not significant on the postoperative pain score in the abovementioned time intervals, and the pattern of pain reduction was the same over time in both groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Both KTP and ibuprofen effectively decreased postendodontic pain. Considering the comparable pattern of pain reduction, KTP can be used as an alternative to ibuprofen tablets for effective pain control after endodontic treatment of mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Zadsirjan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nazanin Zargar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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The Effect of Trypsin-Chymotrypsin on Postoperative Pain after Single Visit Endodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Endod 2023; 49:240-247. [PMID: 36574828 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of trypsin-chymotrypsin in postoperative pain management following single-visit root canal treatment of teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis was evaluated. Additionally, synergistic effects with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reported side effects were also investigated. METHODS This prospective, parallel, triple-blinded phase IV randomized controlled trial included 60 patients with mandibular first molars exhibiting symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. The patients were randomly allocated using computer software to one of four treatment groups (n = 15 each), and either ibuprofen (600 mg), ambezim-G (trypsin 5mg-chymotrypsin 5 mg), a combination of both, or a placebo drug were administered postoperatively. The participants scored pain intensity at different time-intervals using a numerical scale, and passive surveillance of harm was used to detect clinical safety. Age was compared between groups using a one-way analysis of variance test. Pain scores were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's tests and, if significant, Dunn's test was used for pairwise comparisons. The chi-square test was used to compare qualitative data, and the significance level was set at P value ≤ .05. RESULTS All interventions were found to be effective in reducing postoperative pain, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the ibuprofen, trypsin-chymotrypsin, and combination groups. However, all 3 groups differed significantly from the placebo group. The safety profile of the interventions did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS Trypsin-chymotrypsin exhibits comparable efficacy to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. No synergistic effects occur when the 2 are used in combination. This is the first randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of proteolytic enzymes on postendodontic pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT05479747.
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Monteiro CMC, Martins ACR, Reis A, de Geus JL. Effect of endodontic sealer on postoperative pain: a network meta-analysis. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e5. [PMID: 36875812 PMCID: PMC9982236 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to answer the following focused research question: "Does the type of endodontic sealer affect the postoperative pain in patients who received endodontic treatment?" Different databases and grey literature were surveyed. Only one randomized controlled trial were included. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to compare the risk and intensity of postoperative pain. The quality of the body of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Out of 11,601 studies, 15 remained for qualitative analyses and 12 for meta-analysis. Seven studies were classified at high risk of bias, and 8 studies raised some concerns. No significant differences between the endodontic materials were observed in the direct comparisons, both in risk and in intensity of postoperative pain (pairwise comparisons with 2 studies: I2 = 0%; p > 0.05 and 8 studies: I2 = 23%; p > 0.05, respectively). The certainty of the evidence was graded as low or moderate. There was no difference in the risk and intensity of postoperative pain after filling with different endodontic sealers. Further systematic reviews should be conducted. Trial Registration PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020215314.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Larocca de Geus
- Department of Endodontics, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Kumar U, Parmar P, Vashisht R, Tandon N, Kaur CK. Incidence of postoperative pain after using single continuous, single reciprocating, and full sequence continuous rotary file system: a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2023; 23:91-99. [PMID: 37034837 PMCID: PMC10079766 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2023.23.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extrusion of debris is a major factor that results in postoperative pain during root canal treatment with various instruments and instrumentation techniques. Therefore, instrumentation techniques that extrude minimal debris into the periapical area while reducing pain are desirable. This study aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative pain and intake of analgesic medication (frequency and quantity) after endodontic treatment of mandibular posterior teeth using two single files and full-sequence continuous rotary systems with different kinematic motions. Methods Thirty-five of 105 patients were assigned equally to three groups according to the instrumentation system used: ProTaper Next (PN) X2, 25/06 (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), One Shape (OS), #0.25/06 (Micro Mega, Besancon, France), and Wave One Gold (WG), Red - #0.25, 0.07 (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Five specialists were included in this study design; each professional prepared 21 teeth, and randomly selected 7 per instrument system. The VAS sheet ranging from 0 to 10 was used to record the initial and postoperative pains at 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7th day after single visit endodontic treatment in mandibular premolars and molars with a diagnosis of asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis with or without apical periodontitis. Postoperatively, an analgesic, ibuprofen 400 mg was administered for intolerable pain at a dose of 1 tablet for 6 h. The patients were asked over the telephone regarding postoperative pain at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7th day using a visual analogue scale. Result There were no statistically significant differences among the PN, OS, and WG systems (P > 0.05) with regard to the incidence of postoperative pain at any of the four time points assessed. Conclusion The intensity of postoperative pain, frequency, and analgesic intake were similar across all three types of instrument systems; however, the reciprocating single file (WG) was associated with less postoperative pain than the full sequence continuous rotary file.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kumar
- Unit of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pragnesh Parmar
- Unit of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchi Vashisht
- Unit of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Namita Tandon
- Unit of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Charan Kamal Kaur
- Unit of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Severity of Post-Operative Pain after Instrumentation of Root Canals by XP-Endo and SAF Full Sequences Compared to Manual Instrumentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237251. [PMID: 36498825 PMCID: PMC9740715 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to examine the post-operative pain experienced following single-visit root canal treatment using the XP-endo shaper sequence (XPS), full-sequence self-adjusting file (SAF), and manual K-files (HKF). A randomized equivalence parallel design, double-blinded clinical study was conducted on 120 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, with or without clinical signs of apical periodontitis. Only teeth with fully formed roots and no periapical lesions were incorporated in the study. Patients were apportioned to one of three groups (n = 40) randomly: Group 1-XPS, Group 2-SAF, and Group 3-HKF. Pre- and post-instrumentation pain was rated utilizing Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with a spectrum of 0-100 mm. The descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis. The mean VAS scores before instrumentation were consistent in all three groups. At 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, patients with root canals instrumented by SAF had the lowest post-instrumentation mean VAS score, followed by XPS. For all time intervals, the patients in the HKF group had the highest VAS score. The full-sequence SAF instrumentation resulted in less post-operative pain than the XP-endo plus protocol, while manual instrumentation with K-files resulted in the highest post-operative pain.
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Magar SS, Alfayyadh AY, Alruwaili KK, Almunahi HFF, Alsharari AHL, Magar SP. The Determination of Flare-Up Incidence and Associated Risk Factors During Endodontic Treatment: An Observational Retrospective Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e31424. [PMID: 36523703 PMCID: PMC9747067 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endodontic flare-up signifies pain and/or swelling seen within a few days after an endodontic appointment by patients requiring an emergency. These are undesirable and unwanted as they cause great discomfort to the subjects and stress to the operator due to swelling and pain. AIMS This study aims to determine the flare-up incidence and associated risk factors during endodontic treatment. METHODS The present retrospective study assessed 1000 patients of both genders for endodontic flare-ups. Flare-up cases were patients having swelling or pain within 1-3 days after a root canal appointment and needing an emergency visit for relieving the symptoms. After data recording, it was subjected to statistical analysis to assess related factors, flare-up cause, and incidence rate using Fisher's exact test and chi-square test. RESULTS In the present study, the incidence rate of flare-ups is 9.4%. The majority of flare-ups were in the molar teeth followed by the anterior teeth and 6.7% (n=30) of the premolar teeth. For the number of canals, it was seen in 13.6% (n=24) of cases with multiple canals, 5.5% (n=12) of cases with two canals, and 9.6% (n=58) of cases with a single canal. In patients with no medical history, flare-ups were significantly less compared to patients with medical history (p<0.001). A significantly higher number of flare-ups were in the teeth having pulp necrosis with periapical lesions with 45.9% (n=34) (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Flare-ups are commonly seen in multiple canal teeth having pulp necrosis with periapical lesions with an associated medical history, with females being more prone to endodontic flare-up cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa S Magar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | - Afrah Yousef Alfayyadh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | - Khluod Khalifah Alruwaili
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | - Hessah Fahad F Almunahi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
| | | | - Shaliputra P Magar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, SAU
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Di Spirito F, Scelza G, Fornara R, Giordano F, Rosa D, Amato A. Post-Operative Endodontic Pain Management: An Overview of Systematic Reviews on Post-Operatively Administered Oral Medications and Integrated Evidence-Based Clinical Recommendations. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050760. [PMID: 35627897 PMCID: PMC9141195 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endodontic treatment comprises the overall management of pre-, intra- and post-operative symptoms, including post-operative endodontic pain, considered as a complication susceptible of chronicization. Post-operative pain is very common and highly unpreventable and has a multi-factorial etiology and a potential pathogenic link to the acute inflammation of the periapical area, secondary to localized chemical, mechanical, host and/or microbial damage occurring during endodontic treatment. Considering the multitude of heterogeneous technical and pharmacological approaches proposed to control post-operative endodontic pain, the present study primarily comprised an overview of systematic reviews of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials, summarizing findings on post-operatively administered oral medications for post-operative endodontic pain control, in order to note the most effective type and dosage of such drugs. Secondarily, a narrative review of the current evidence on technical solutions to be observed during endodontic treatment procedures, to control post-operative pain, was conducted to provide integrated evidence-based clinical recommendations for optimal post-operative endodontic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (G.S.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Giuseppe Scelza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (G.S.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Francesco Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (G.S.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Donato Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (G.S.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (G.S.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (A.A.)
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Bassam S, El-Ahmar R, Salloum S, Ayoub S. Endodontic postoperative flare-up: An update. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:386-394. [PMID: 34803278 PMCID: PMC8589595 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endodontic treatment corresponds to a combined chemical and mechanical approach, followed by a three dimensional hermetic obturation, that eliminate the pulpal and periradiculare disease and boost healing and repair of periradiculare tissue. Despite the advances in the endodontic field, the inter-appointment flare up remains a true nightmare that encounters every dentist. This complication commences a few hours or days after root canal procedures and it is characterized by the development of pain and/or swelling, requiring an unscheduled appointment for emergency treatment. Different studies showed that flare-ups represent a multifactorial phenomenon including mechanical, chemical and microbial factors. In addition, a correlation was found between flare-up and age, gender, tooth type, presence of preoperative pain, tooth condition before treatment, irrigation techniques, number of visits as well as intracanal medication. Moreover, some medicine intake was proved to be efficient in controlling this postoperative pain. However, a clear procedure to avoid its occurrence is yet to be established. In this review, we summarize knowledge about the etiology of flare-up and its related factors. This could be effective in helping dentists to adapt some strategies to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Bassam
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima El-Ahmar
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Salloum
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Ayoub
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Almohaimede A, Al-Madi E. Is Intracanal Cryotherapy Effective in Reducing Postoperative Endodontic Pain? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11750. [PMID: 34831517 PMCID: PMC8621421 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to assess the potency of intracanal cold therapy in diminishing postoperative endodontic pain. PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, the Web of Science, grey literature, and endodontic journals were used to identify randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating postoperative pain after a final irrigation with a cold irrigant (as an experimental group) and a room temperature irrigant (as a control group). The risk of bias was rated according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Grading Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to estimate the evidence quality. For the meta-analysis, a random effects model was utilized. The qualitative analysis contained 16 studies and the quantitative analysis contained 9 studies. The experimental groups showed a reduction in postoperative pain at 6 h (mean difference (MD) = -1.11; p = 0.0004; I2 = 72%; low quality evidence), 24 h (MD = -1.08; p = 0.003; I2 = 92%; low quality evidence), 48 h (MD = -0.38; p = 0.04; I2 = 81%; low quality evidence), and 72 h (MD = -0.69; p = 0.04; I2 = 90%; low quality evidence). A higher quality of evidence from more clinical trials is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Almohaimede
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontic Division, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Kumar G, Sangwan P, Tewari S. Effect of premedication on postoperative pain after root canal therapy in patients with irreversible pulpitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2021; 21:397-411. [PMID: 34703890 PMCID: PMC8520836 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.5.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of premedication on postoperative pain after root canal treatment in vital teeth. Five electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials, and two independent reviewers selected eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects model, and the pooled effect estimate of the standardized mean difference (SMD) between premedication and placebo was calculated. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the class and route of the drug. Studies with a high risk of bias were excluded from the sensitivity analysis. Ten trials satisfied the inclusion criteria, of which eight were included in the meta-analysis. Premedication was more effective in reducing postoperative pain than placebo at 6 hours (SMD = −1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.33 to −0.66), 12 hours (SMD = −0.80; 95% CI = −1.05 to −0.56), and 24 hours (SMD = −0.72; 95% CI = −1.02 to −0.43). The results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the findings of the primary analysis. Based on these results, it can be concluded that premedication is effective in reducing postoperative pain in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. However, additional quality studies are required for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pankaj Sangwan
- Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjay Tewari
- Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Shubham S, Nepal M, Mishra R, Dutta K. Influence of maintaining apical patency in post-endodontic pain. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:284. [PMID: 34078331 PMCID: PMC8173919 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of instrumentation beyond the apical foramen by small flexible file to prevent apical blockage is apical patency. However, this procedure might endow postoperative pain, thus to maintain apical patency or not is the matter of dilemma. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to compare postoperative pain between apical patency and non-patency groups and secondary objective was to evaluate the influence of number of visits, vitality of teeth, group of teeth and preoperative pain on post-operative pain. METHODS Preselected (n = 178) patients based on group of teeth and status of pulp were randomly divided into 2 groups, apical patency and non-patency which was further treated in either single or multiple visits. After exclusion, 160 patients were included. Each group (n = 80) was subdivided in single visit (n = 40) and multiple visits (n = 40), including vital (n = 20) and non-vital teeth (n = 20) and single-rooted (n = 10) and multiple-rooted teeth (n = 10). Apical patency was maintained with a size 10 K-file during conventional hand filing step-back shaping procedure. Intensity of pain was recorded before treatment and on days 1, 2, and 7 after treatment using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11). Statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation and Multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The primary outcome of this study showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in postoperative pain scores between patency and non-patency groups with higher pain scores in patency group on 1st, 2nd and 7th day follow up. The secondary outcome showed postoperative pain in patency-maintained group was influenced by status of the pulp and preoperative pain only. Vital teeth of patency-maintained group treated in multiple visits showed statistically significant (p = 0.02) post-operative pain in day 1 follow up. Pre-operative pain showed positive correlation with postoperative pain with statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that maintenance of apical patency increased postoperative pain. Evaluation of influence of number of visits, status of pulp, group of tooth and preoperative pain revealed status of pulp and preoperative pain as influencing factors for postoperative pain in patency group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Shubham
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Ranigaon, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - Manisha Nepal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Ranigaon, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - Ravish Mishra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Ranigaon, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - Kishor Dutta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Ranigaon, Bhairahawa, Nepal
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Steroid as an Intracanal Medicament: An Advanced Review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jrdms.6.3.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Fatima S, Kumar A, Andrabi SMUN, Mishra SK, Tewari RK. Effect of Apical Third Enlargement to Different Preparation Sizes and Tapers on Postoperative Pain and Outcome of Primary Endodontic Treatment: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2021; 47:1345-1351. [PMID: 34058250 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of apical preparation size and taper on postoperative pain and healing after primary endodontic treatment. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with asymptomatic mandibular first molars with radiographic evidence of periapical pathology and with a periapical index (PAI) score ≥3 were randomly assigned to 2 groups, group 1 and 2, based on apical enlargement to 2 and 3 sizes larger than the initial apical binding file (IABF), respectively. Each group was further divided into subgroups A and B depending on the apical enlargement taper of 4% and 6%, respectively. Endodontic treatment was performed, and the final apical enlargement in all the groups was performed as follows: group 1A, 2 sizes larger than the IABF with a 4% taper; group 1B, 2 sizes larger than the IABF with a 6% taper; group 2A, 3 sizes larger than the IABF with a 4% taper; and group 2B, 3 sizes larger than the IABF with a 6% taper. Postoperative pain was assessed at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Clinical evaluation and the change in the PAI score on radiographs were assessed at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS No significant difference in postoperative pain was found. The success rate was lowest (57.1%) in group 1 subgroup A as evidenced by the significant change in the PAI score between group 1 subgroup A and the rest of the groups at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS Apical preparation to 2 sizes larger than the IABF with a 4% taper is insufficient and results in significantly lower success rates compared with larger preparation sizes and tapers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazra Fatima
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Syed Mukhtar Un Nisar Andrabi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
| | - Surendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Tewari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Sponchiado Junior EC, Vieira WDA, Normando AGC, Pereira JV, Ferraz CCR, Almeida JFA, Marciano MA, Gomes BP, de-Jesus-Soares A. Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers Do Not Reduce the Risk and Intensity of Postoperative Pain after Root Canal Treatment when Compared with Epoxy Resin-Based Sealers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:347-359. [PMID: 33759149 PMCID: PMC8184314 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate whether root canal obturation with calcium silicate-based (CSB) sealers reduces the risk and intensity of endodontic postoperative pain when compared to epoxy resin-based (ERB) sealers. The review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020169255). Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic search in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and LILACS until November 2020 and included only randomized clinical trials with adult health participants undergoing root canal treatment. After selection, the JBI Critical Appraisal tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to summarize the results of pain risk and pain intensity at time intervals of 24 and 48 hours. Finally, the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. The search resulted in 1,206 records, of which five studies (n = 421 patients) met the eligibility criteria and presented moderate to low risk of bias. There was no significant difference between groups in the risk of pain in the first 24 hours (relative risk or RR = 0.83, 95% confidence interval or CI: 0.60, 1.16, I 2 =) or 48 hours (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.26, 1.21, I 2 =). Silicate-based sealers led to lower pain intensity only at 48 hours (mean and standard deviation = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.05). All analyses revealed low heterogeneity (I 2 < 25%). The evidence presented moderate level of certainty. Currently available evidence has shown that there is no difference between CSB and ERB sealers in the risk or intensity of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Junior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Endodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela Costa Normando
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Vianna Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Endodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Flávio A. Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Angélica Marciano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda P.F.A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana de-Jesus-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Glide path enlargement of curved molar canals using HyFlex EDM glide path file versus PathFile: a comparative study of preparation time and postoperative pain. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:150. [PMID: 33757499 PMCID: PMC7989036 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the preparation time and severity of postoperative pain between HyFlex Electric Discharge Machine (EDM) glide path file (GPF) and PathFile. Methods Eighty patients whose molar teeth had at least one severely curved canal were treated by the same specialist. After access cavity preparation, the patients were randomly assigned to receive glide path enlargement with either HyFlex EDM GPF or PathFile. ProTaper Next X1 and X2 files were used to prepare the canals. The time of preparation was assessed and the severity of postoperative pain over the next 7 days was recorded. The preparation time and the postoperative pain scores were compared using the Linear Mixed Models (P ≤ 0.05). Results Glide path enlargement time was significantly shorter with HyFlex EDM GPF (27.828 ± 2.345 s) than with PathFile (48.942 ± 2.864 s) (P < 0.001). The highest postoperative pain score was recorded on the first day and the pain decreased over time in both groups. HyFlex EDM GPF group patients reported significantly less postoperative pain than PathFile group patients overall (P < 0.001). Conclusions Postoperative pain and glide path preparation time could be reduced by using HyFlex EDM GPF system. Trial registration PKUSSNCT, PKUSSNCT-17B12, Registered 24 October 2017.
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Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment under Irrigation with 8.25% Sodium Hypochlorite and Other Solutions: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2021; 47:696-704. [PMID: 33607121 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative pain in patients after endodontic treatment using 8.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) compared with other concentrations and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). METHODS In this double-blind randomized trial, 180 patients were evaluated who underwent a single session of endodontic treatment under irrigation with 2.5%, 5.25%, or 8.25% NaOCl or 2% CHX solutions. The presence of postoperative pain was assessed 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment and recorded using the visual analog scale (VAS). A descriptive analysis, logistic regression, and Wald test were performed. RESULTS Altogether 169 patients participated, of whom 107 were women, and the mean age was 38.1 ± 14.4 years. No significant differences occurred between the irrigants and the pain outcomes, not even for the use of postoperative pain medication and responses to VAS (P > .05). In the multivariate model including irrigants, after 24 hours or at any time, a significant difference (P < .05) remained in preparation time ≥10 minutes and the presence of overfilling. Also, in relation to the VAS, the overfilling presented significantly different results (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the presence of postoperative pain between the 8.25% NaOCl and the other irrigation solutions. However, the extended preparation time and the overfilling material were responsible for the increase of postoperative pain.
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30
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Shabbir J, Khurshid Z, Qazi F, Sarwar H, Afaq H, Salman S, Adanir N. Effect of Different Host-Related Factors on Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Necrotic Teeth Dressed with Interappointment Intracanal Medicaments: A Multicomparison Study. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:152-157. [PMID: 33511602 PMCID: PMC7902120 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The current study aimed to assess the impact of factors such as age, gender, and the tooth type on postoperative endodontic pain in necrotic teeth with symptomatic periapical periodontitis and radiolucency dressed randomly with either calcium hydroxide or propolis paste.
Materials and Methods
The standard chemomechanical root canal preparation of 80 teeth was performed by the primary investigator. The intracanal medicaments were inserted by the secondary operator. Patients self-recorded their postoperative endodontic pain intensity with the help of visual analog scale at 4, 12, 24 (day 2), 48 (day 3), and 72 (day 4) hours. During analysis, patients (68/80) were grouped according to gender, age, and the tooth type.
Statistical Analysis
Mann–Whitney’s
U
test was applied for mean pain score comparison between genders and between tooth type. Kruskal–Wallis’ test was applied for mean pain score comparison between the age groups.
Results
No significant difference (
p
> 0.05) in pain scores was found between the age groups and between the tooth types. Males had significantly higher pain scores as compared with females at days 2 (
p
= 0.035), 3 (
p
= 0.023), and 4 (
p
= 0.020).
Conclusion
The results suggested that there was no impact of age and tooth types on postoperative endodontic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzer Shabbir
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Qazi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Sarwar
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Afaq
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Salman
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hamdard University Dental Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Necdet Adanir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Postoperative pain in endodontic retreatment of one visit versus multiple visits: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:455-468. [PMID: 33399930 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to assess the postoperative pain (PP) after non-surgical endodontic retreatment (NSER) in a one visit compared to multiple visits. The PICO question used was "Does NSER in patients with unsatisfactory endodontic treatment in a one-visit visit have a similar PP to that of NSER in multiple visits?" MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic review followed PRISMA and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019136700). Searches were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases for articles published until September 2020. The eligible criteria were randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The meta-analysis was based on the Mantel-Haenszel. The PP after the retreatment was analyzed using a dichotomous outcome, measured according to risk ratio (RR) when p < 0.05. The Cochrane scale was used to assess risk of bias, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS Four studies were included. In general analysis without considering intensity, one-visit NSER presented lower PP than the multiple visits only for 1 and 30 days [(RR = 0.67; CI: 0.48 to 0.93; p = 0.02), and (RR = 0.09; CI: 0.01 to 0.66; p = 0.02)], respectively. Regarding sub-analysis considering the intensity, one visit present lower mild PP when compared with multiple visits [(RR = 0.54; CI: 0.30, 0.96; p = 0.04); (RR = 0.33; CI: 0.12, 0.88; p = 0.03); and (RR = 0.12; CI: 0.02, 0.86; p = 0.03)], respectively. However, sub-analysis for moderate and severe PP showed no significant difference, independently of period evaluated (p > 0.05). Regarding the risk of bias analysis, a low risk was observed for most domains, except allocation that was considered unclear, while the certainty of evidence for each analysis was considered low. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of study, the one and multiple visit can be considered adequate, because both present a similar occurrence of PP, except for mild pain. However, due to the low number of studies, further well conducted and standardized RCTs are needed to reassess these results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both therapies of endodontic retreatment can be considered in clinical practice. Therefore, the endodontist must consider the patient's individual characteristics and experience to consider the best treatment approach.
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Shadmehr E, Hashemi S, Hashemi SS, Chung YJ, Goudarzi A, Khademi A. The Effect of Adding Clonidine to Articaine and Epinephrine on Post-treatment Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2021; 16:210-216. [PMID: 36704779 PMCID: PMC9735314 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v16i4.33555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Articaine is reported to have a fast onset and a short-acting pulpal anesthesia in inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Clonidine is an α 2-adrenoceptor agonist and is used as an adjunct to enhance the anesthetic efficacy and induce greater analgesia. In an attempt to search for more effective ways to achieve profound analgesia after root canal treatment, this randomized clinical trial assessed the efficacy of clonidine added to articaine/epinephrine solution on post-operative pain relief after root canal treatment in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods Our randomized clinical trial study enrolled one hundred patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars. They were divided into two groups, each group received either 0.2 mL 150 µg/mL clonidine or distilled water added to 1.8 mL of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine cartridge. The alveolar nerve block in the two groups was administered by the same clinician and the subject's pain scores were recorded at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post-operatively using a Heft-Parker visual analog scale. Data were analyzed using t, chi-square and repeated-measures ANOVA statistical tests. Results The mean pain scores for clonidine group were significantly lower than control at all the time intervals after treatment (P<0.05). We did not notice any clinical and there were no complaints from the patients either. Conclusion Based on this randomized clinical trial study the addition of clonidine to the articaine/epinephrine solution using an inferior alveolar nerve block during root canal treatment in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis may be effective in reducing post-operative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shadmehr
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA;,Corresponding author: Elham Shadmehr, UCSF Preventive & Restorative Dental Science, School of Dentistry, 707 Parnassus Avenue, D3214, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758, USA
| | - Sara Hashemi
- Dental Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;
| | | | - Yoo Jung Chung
- School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA;
| | | | - Abbasali Khademi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Isfahan University of MedicalSciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sadaf D, Ahmad MZ, Onakpoya IJ. Effectiveness of Intracanal Cryotherapy in Root Canal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Endod 2020; 46:1811-1823.e1. [PMID: 32916207 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effectiveness of intracanal cryotherapy for reducing postoperative pain is unclear. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of intracanal cryotherapy on postoperative pain after root canal therapy in patients with pulpal or periradicular pathosis. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library as well as the top 3 endodontic journals for relevant articles. We included randomized controlled trials that included adults. Our main outcome was postoperative pain intensity measured with a validated scale. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane criteria and the quality of the included studies using Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. We used a random-effects model for meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight studies involving 810 patients were included. The overall risk of bias was moderate. Seven of 8 studies used a visual analog scale to measure pain intensity. Compared with controls, intracanal cryotherapy significantly reduced postoperative pain at 6 (mean difference = -1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.61 to -2.14; P < .05; I2 = 76%; moderate-quality evidence) and 24 hours after the procedure (mean difference = -1.43; 95% confidence interval, -0.70 to -2.15; P < .05; I2 = 89%; moderate-quality evidence). There was no significant effect on pain at 48 and 72 hours and 7 days after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-quality evidence suggests that intracanal cryotherapy (ie, using cold saline irrigation as a final irrigant) significantly reduces the intensity of pain at 6 and 24 hours after root canal therapy. Future clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of intracanal cryotherapy are advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durre Sadaf
- Department of Conservative Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydha, Saudi Arabia; University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Muhammad Zubair Ahmad
- University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Igho J Onakpoya
- University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxfored, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Effect of Bioactive Glass-Based Root Canal Sealer on the Incidence of Postoperative Pain after Root Canal Obturation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238857. [PMID: 33260512 PMCID: PMC7730492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a bioactive glass-based root canal sealer, Nishika Canal Sealer BG (CS-BG), on the incidence of postoperative pain (PP) after root canal obturation (RCO). Eleven dentists performed pulpectomy or infected root canal treatments for 555 teeth. During RCO, CS-BG was used. After RCO, the rate of PP and the factors affecting PP (pain during RCO and pain immediately after RCO) were analyzed. PP was observed in eight teeth (1.5%), and within 7 days after RCO, there were no teeth with pain. In these teeth with PP, there was a significant difference in the occurrence of pain during RCO, but not in the occurrence of pain immediately after RCO, when compared with pulpectomy and infected root canal treatment. These clinical results show that CS-BG has an excellent biocompatibility, and can suppress the distress of patients during RCO.
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Expression of NaV-1.7, TNF-α and HSP-70 in experimental flare-up post-extirpated dental pulp tissue through a neuroimmunological approach. Saudi Dent J 2020; 32:206-212. [PMID: 32405224 PMCID: PMC7211902 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries continue to represent a major problem which, if left untreated, will cause irreversible pulpitis. Root canal treatment constitutes one potential treatment intended to preserve teeth afflicted with irreversible pulpitis. During root canal treatment, pain or swelling, referred to as flare-ups, can occur at any point in the process. Aim To analyze the molecular aspect of the phenomenon of flare-up in vital dental pulp tissue following mechanical and bacterial trauma (extirpation and lipopolysaccharide [LPS] induction respectively) through a neurological approach, based on the expression of NaV-1.7 in neuron cells, and HSP-70, TNF-α in macrophage cells. Method This laboratory experimental study was conducted using 15 Spraque Dawley rats as subjects which were divided into three groups of five subjects: a control group, a pulp tissue extirpation group and an LPS induction followed by extirpation of pulp tissue group. Test samples were collected from the apical field of the mandibular incisor and subsequently examined using immunohistochemical methods. Results There were significant differences in NaV1.7, HSP70 and TNFα expression between the treatment groups. While a marked increase in the expression of HSP70 occurred, both Nav1.7, and TNFα expression decreased significantly. Conclusion Extirpating the dental pulp tissue will induce a more pronounced flare-up response from the molecules of the pulp tissue in vital teeth than those in inflamed vital pulp tissue.
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Stamos A, Drum M, Reader A, Nusstein J, Fowler S, Beck M. An Evaluation of Ibuprofen Versus Ibuprofen/Acetaminophen for Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis and Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Anesth Prog 2020; 66:192-201. [PMID: 31891295 DOI: 10.2344/anpr-66-03-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to compare ibuprofen versus an ibuprofen/acetaminophen combination for postoperative pain control in a patient model specific to teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. One hundred and two patients presenting with moderate to severe pain from a maxillary or mandibular posterior tooth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis were included. Following local anesthetic administration, complete endodontic cleaning and shaping was performed. Patients were randomly assigned to receive identically appearing tablets of ibuprofen 200 mg or a combination of ibuprofen 200 mg/acetaminophen 216.7 mg with instructions to take 3 tablets every 6 hours as needed for pain. Patients were also given a prescription for an escape medication to take if the study medications did not adequately control their pain. A 4-day diary was used to record pain ratings and medication use. Moderate to severe pain was experienced by 59-61% of the patients on postoperative day 1 and 50-57% of the patients on day 2, with the pain ratings decreasing over the next 2 days. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in postoperative pain, percussion pain, or medication use. There was no difference between ibuprofen and the combination of ibuprofen/acetaminophen in the reduction of postoperative pain following endodontic debridement in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Stamos
- Former Graduate Student in Endodontics, The Ohio State University
| | - Melissa Drum
- Professor and Graduate Program Director, Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University
| | - Al Reader
- Emeritus Professor, Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University
| | - John Nusstein
- Professor and Chair, Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University
| | - Sara Fowler
- Assistant Professor and Predoctoral Director, Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University
| | - Mike Beck
- Emeritus Associate Professor, Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University
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Zanjir M, Azarpazhooh A. Limited Evidence Suggests Premedication With Corticosteroids May Help Relieve Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Patients With Symptomatic Pulpitis Undergoing Single-Visit Root Canal Treatment. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2020; 20:101343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2019.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bansal R, Jain A. An insight into patient's perceptions regarding root canal treatment: A questionnaire-based survey. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1020-1027. [PMID: 32318461 PMCID: PMC7114049 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_880_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A key setback of root canal treatment (RCT) is that most patients lack adequate knowledge about it. Understanding and identifying the factors that hinder or discourage patients from undergoing RCT is necessary to adequately address the issue. The review of literature shows that there is a paucity of data about the awareness and acceptance of RCT among patients in Indian population. Thus, the study was conducted with aim to assess patients’ awareness of RCT among patients reporting in Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh. By surveying the patients, a broad patient perspective on the issue was sought. Materials and Methods: This survey was conducted with the help of prestructured questionnaire consisting of 15 questions, distributed to random 450 patients coming to the outpatient department of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics in Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital. The completed questionnaires were then analyzed to assess patients’ experiences, concerns, and perceptions about RCT. Results: There is a lack of awareness among patients regarding RCT. Conclusion: It is important to create more awareness among the populace of our country about the significance of maintaining a healthy dentition and attendant sequel if not done so. More patients would consider having endodontic procedures if properly made aware of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramta Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh, District Fatehgarh Sahib, India
| | - Aditya Jain
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Lima Neto JC, Fernandes LM, Magno MB, Rocha Lima TF, de Almeida LDFD, Santiago BM, Cavalcanti YW. The Effect of Reciprocating and Rotary Systems on Postoperative Endodontic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2020; 15:198-210. [PMID: 36704110 PMCID: PMC9709834 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v15i4.23778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the instrumentation kinematics on endodontic postoperative pain. Methods and Materials PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cochrane Library and the System for Information on Gray Literature in Europe were searched electronically without time or language limitations up to June 2020. Subsequently, data extraction, quality assessment and meta-analysis were conducted. The meta-analysis was performed using random-effects inverse-variance methods, and heterogeneity was tested using the I 2 index (P<0.05). Results A total of 318 articles were successfully identified in the search. Sixteen studies were used in qualitative synthesis and fourteen used for quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that patients treated with reciprocating system had lower risk of pain 48 h after endodontic treatment (Risk ratio [RR]=1.04, 95% Confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.06, P=0.003) (I2=0%), but the mean postoperative pain for the reciprocating system was greater 24 h post endodontic treatment (Standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.25, 95% CI=0.06 to 0.44, P=0.01) (I2=43%). Other time points presented similar rates of postoperative pain (P>0.05). The certainty of evidence ranges from very low to high. Conclusions The rate of postoperative endodontic pain was low, and reciprocating systems evoked more pain within the 24 h interval. Overall, the incidence and level of postoperative pain did not vary between reciprocating and rotary systems. There is no consensus if there is a relationship between the kinematics (rotary and reciprocating) and the incidence of postoperative pain.
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Effects of Ibuprofen Compared to Other Premedication Drugs on the Risk and Intensity of Postendodontic Pain: A Systematic Review. Eur Endod J 2018; 3:123-133. [PMID: 32161868 PMCID: PMC7006579 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2018.83803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of ibuprofen compared to other drugs on the risk and intensity of postoperative pain resulting from endodontic treatment in adult patients. Methods A systematic search was carried out through Medline databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Lilacs, and BBO). There was no restriction on the publication year or idiom. The gray literature was explored. The Periodicos Capes Theses Databases and ProQuest Dissertations were also searched, as well as the unpublished and ongoing trials registry and the IADR abstracts (1990-2016). Solely randomized clinical trials that compared the risk or intensity of pain resulting from endodontic treatment in adult patients were included in this systematic review. The risk of bias of the articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted for ibuprofen versus placebo and ibuprofen versus other drugs at 6, 8, and 24 hours. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results A total of 1132 studies were identified, and only seven meet the eligibility criteria. No difference between the groups was detected in any of the meta-analysis. An exception was observed when one study was removed from the meta-analysis of pain intensity at 24 hours for ibuprofen versus placebo, favoring ibuprofen (SMD -0.67; 95% CI -1.05 to -0.17). The quality of evidence in all meta-analyses was graded as low or very low. Conclusion Results of the present systematic review indicate that there is no clear evidence supporting that preoperative ibuprofen is better than other drugs in reducing the risk and intensity of postendodontic pain.
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Suneelkumar C, Subha A, Gogala D. Effect of Preoperative Corticosteroids in Patients with Symptomatic Pulpitis on Postoperative Pain after Single-visit Root Canal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod 2018; 44:1347-1354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Effect of Resin-based and Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers on Postoperative Pain: A Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Trial. J Endod 2018; 44:689-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Veitz-Keenan A, Ferraiolo DM. Single dose oral prednisolone and post-operative endodontic pain. Evid Based Dent 2018; 19:10-11. [PMID: 29568015 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6401285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DesignA randomised, single centre, double blind placebo controlled clinical trial involving 400 patients.InterventionThe inclusion criteria comprised systemically healthy patients between the ages of 18 and 35 years having mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, radiographically normal periapical area and no pain on biting or percussion. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Ethics Committee at the School of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. Patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Endodontics.The independent Centre for Evidence Based Dentistry performed sequence generation and allocation concealment. For allocation concealment, two tablets of each medication were placed in sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed containers. Participants and operators were unaware of the assigned group for the duration of the study. Post-graduate students were calibrated to act as operators and supervisors from the department of endodontics evaluated their clinical performance.The participants received 40 mg of prednisolone or placebo tablets 30 minutes before single visit root canal treatment. Patients recorded the pain level 6, 12 and 24 hours after treatment on a 100mm visual analogue scale. All patients received a sham capsule to take if needed as a postoperative analgesic. If pain persisted an analgesic was prescribed.Outcome measureThe primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative pain at three points; 6, 12 and 24 hrs. The secondary outcomes were pain intensity and the incidence of analgesic consumption. The relative risk reduction (RRR) and the number needed-to-treat (NNT) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to represent the risk of pain incidence.ResultsOf the 670 patients assessed for eligibility, 400 were included in the study. Only two patients of the 400 were lost to follow-up with 398 patients (prednisolone group = 198; control group = 200) being included in the analysis; 259 were women and 141 men. The mean age was 29.45 -/+ 3.7 years in the prednisolone group and 28.97 -/+3.61 years in the control group. There was no significant difference for mean age (P = 0.164), gender distribution P = 0.123) or tooth type (P = 0.56) between the two groups. The relative risk reduction in pain incidence was 20.31% (95% CI: 12.03%, 27.82%) at six hours, 23.39% (95% CI: 14.75%, 31.16%) at 12 hours and 28.85% (95% CI: 18.08%, 38.20%) at 24 hours. Prednisolone had significantly less post-obturation pain intensity compared to placebo at 6, 12 and 24 hours (P < 0.001). The relative risk reduction in sham-capsule intake was 54% (95% CI: 38%, 66%) and in analgesic intake was 55% (95% CI: 3%, 79%). No adverse effects were recorded. The NNT (number needed to treat) was five (95% CI: 4, 9) at six hours, five (95% CI: 4, 8) at 12 hours and four at 24 hours (95% CI: 3, 7).ConclusionsPreoperative oral administration of a single dose of 40 mg prednisolone was beneficial for the control of postoperative pain up to 24hrs after single visit root canal treatment in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. The incidence of postoperative pain level and the need for postoperative analgesic intake decreased. The non-invasive route and minimal possible adverse events results in a favourable risk benefit-balance.
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Hou XM, Su Z, Hou BX. Post endodontic pain following single-visit root canal preparation with rotary vs reciprocating instruments: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:86. [PMID: 28545437 PMCID: PMC5445416 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In endodontic therapy, continuous rotary instrumentation reduced debris compared to reciprocal instrumentation, which might affect the incidence of post-endodontic pain (PP). The aim of our study was to assess whether PP incidence and levels were influenced by the choice of rotary or reciprocal instruments. Methods In this meta-analysis the Pubmed and EM databases were searched for prospective clinical randomized trials published before April 20, 2016, using combinations of the keywords: root canal preparation/instrumentation/treatment/therapy; post-operative/endodontic pain; reciprocal and rotary instruments. Results Three studies were included, involving a total of 1,317 patients, 659 treated with reciprocating instruments and 658 treated with rotary instruments. PP was reported in 139 patients in the reciprocating group and 172 in the rotary group. The PP incidence odds ratio was 1.27 with 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.25, 6.52) favoring rotary instruments. The mild, moderate and severe PP levels odds ratios were 0.31 (0.11, 0.84), 2.24 (0.66, 7.59) and 11.71 (0.63, 218.15), respectively. No evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusions Rotary instrument choice in endodontic therapy is associated with a lower incidence of PP than reciprocating instruments, while reciprocating instruments are associated with less mild PP incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Hou
- The Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Su
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dong Cheng, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ben-Xiang Hou
- Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dong Cheng, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Predictors, prevention, and management of postoperative pain associated with nonsurgical root canal treatment: A systematic review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:376-384. [PMID: 31435267 PMCID: PMC6695063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pain after root canal treatment can be reduced by applying recent advances in endodontic techniques and equipment. This systematic review includes current knowledge about pain after nonsurgical root canal treatment, including predictors, related factors, effects of recent advances, and management. A literature search was performed using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published between 1990 and 2016. Search keywords included postoperative pain, nonsurgical treatment, single visit, recent advances in endodontics, and management of postoperative pain with endodontic treatment. Only original research studies were included; editorials, reviews, brief notes, conference proceedings, and letters to the editor were excluded. The initial search yielded 4941 articles, which were assessed and filtered using the selection criteria. Sixty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings showed that pain after nonsurgical root canal treatment occurred in 3–69.3% of patients. Microorganisms were identified as the primary contributors to postoperative pain, and there was no significant difference in postoperative pain between single- and multiple-visit treatments. Postoperative pain after root canal treatment ranges from mild to moderate and occurs even after optimally performed procedures. Furthermore, adequate management of postoperative pain is often considered an indicator of clinical excellence. Application of recently developed endodontic techniques and devices will reduce postoperative pain. Furthermore, a flexible, severity-based drug administration plan can be used to control and manage pain after root canal treatment. Application of the current research findings will reduce pain following root canal treatment and improve patient outcomes.
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Elzaki WM, Abubakr NH, Ziada HM, Ibrahim YE. Double-blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Efficiency of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Control of Post-endodontic Pain. J Endod 2016; 42:835-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Influence of preoperative pain intensity on postoperative pain after root canal treatment: A prospective clinical study. J Dent 2016; 45:39-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Menakaya IN, Oderinu OH, Adegbulugbe IC, Shaba OP. Incidence of postoperative pain after use of calcium hydroxide mixed with normal saline or 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate as intracanal medicament in the treatment of apical periodontitis. Saudi Dent J 2015; 27:187-93. [PMID: 26644753 PMCID: PMC4642190 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of postoperative pain after the use of calcium hydroxide powder mixed with normal saline or 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate as intracanal medicament. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-five subjects aged 17-60 years with teeth diagnosed to have apical periodontitis. INTERVENTION Two-visit conventional root canal treatment of seventy teeth. The teeth were divided by randomization (balloting) into two groups: control group and experimental group, each with thirty-five teeth treated with calcium hydroxide mixed with normal saline or with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate as intracanal medicament respectively. Incidence of postoperative pain was assessed using the universal pain assessment tool and whether or not analgesic was taken. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURED Incidence of post-operative pain. RESULT Postoperative pain occurred only at 1-day and 1-week reviews. In the control group, the overall incidence of pain was the same at both review periods (5.7%), while the experimental group showed a slight decrease in incidence between 1-day (17.2%) and 1-week (11.4%) reviews. Incidence of flare-ups was more in the experimental group (11.4%) than in the control group (5.7%). No significant statistical differences between the two groups were observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The incidence of postoperative pain was lower in the normal saline treatment group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olabisi Hajarat Oderinu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Ilemobade Cyril Adegbulugbe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Peter Shaba
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
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Wong AWY, Zhang S, Li SKY, Zhu X, Zhang C, Chu CH. Incidence of post-obturation pain after single-visit versus multiple-visit non-surgical endodontic treatments. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:96. [PMID: 26272704 PMCID: PMC4536791 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-obturation pain is frustrating to both patients and dentists. Its incidence may change with the use of contemporary endodontic techniques. This randomised clinical trial aims to compare the incidence of post-obturation pain at one and seven days after single-visit and multiple-visit non-surgical endodontic treatments. METHODS Patients who required primary endodontic treatment in the two clinical trial centres in Hong Kong (HK) and in Beijing (PK) were recruited. Three HK dentists and three PK dentists performed endodontic treatments on 567 teeth using the same procedures and materials, either in a single visit or over multiple visits, using either core carrier or cold lateral condensation for obturation. RESULTS The attrition rate was 5.1%, and a total of 538 teeth were evaluated. Among these teeth, 232 (43%) were operated in HK, 275 (51%) were treated in a single visit, and 234 (43%) were treated using core carrier obturation. Logistic regression analysis showed that teeth with apical periodontitis (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.21-0.57, p < 0.01) and less pre-operative pain (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.03-1.18, p < 0.01) had lower incidences of post-obturation pain after one day. The incidences of post-obturation pain after one day for single-visit and multiple-visit treatments were 24.7% (68 of 275) and 33.5% (88 of 263), respectively (p = 0.50). The incidences of post-obturation pain after seven days for single-visit and multiple-visit treatments were 4.0% (11 of 275) and 5.3% (14 of 263), respectively (p = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the incidences of post-obturation pain after one day and seven days with single-visit or multiple-visit endodontic treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-IOR-15005989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wai-Yee Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shinan Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Xiaofei Zhu
- VIP Dental Service & Geriatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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