Coexistence of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B and Chilaiditi Sign: A Case Report

A Rare Presentation of Congenital Chilaiditi Syndrome: Symptomatic Hepatobowel Entrapment

The displacement and trapping of the colon between the liver and the right hemidiaphragm are known as the Chilaiditi sign or syndrome. The Chilaiditi sign presents in an asymptomatic patient, while Chilaiditi syndrome presents with symptoms such as abdominal pain, distension, and constipation, in addition to complications such as perforation, volvulus, and bowel obstruction. It is often misdiagnosed as pneumoperitoneum or free air under the diaphragm and liver, often seen on the abdomen and chest radiography. It more commonly presents in males than in females. Here, we present the case of a 37-year-old female who reported abdominal pain and persistent constipation. An abdominal CT scan showed entrapment of a bowel segment, which is referred to as the Chilaiditi sign. The patient's presentation with hepatobowel entrapment and persistent gastrointestinal symptoms was diagnosed as Chilaiditi syndrome. This presentation entails a conservative management approach. The aim of this report is to educate about the rare occurrence of Chilaiditi sign and Chilaiditi syndrome as a differential diagnosis to often misdiagnosed critical conditions such as pneumoperitoneum and intestinal perforation. Correctly identifying these patients will reduce overtreatment and help improve outcomes.

Genetic and Epigenetic of Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an infrequent, calcitonin producing neuroendocrine tumor and initiates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations are collaterally responsible for medullary thyroid carcinogenesis. In this review article, we shed light on all the genetic and epigenetic hallmarks of MTC. From the genetic perspective, RET, HRAS, and KRAS are the most important genes that are characterized in MTC. From the epigenetic perspective, Ras-association domain family member 1A, telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter methylations, overexpression of histone methyltransferases, EZH2 and SMYD3, and wide ranging increase and decrease in non-coding RNAs can be responsible for medullary thyroid carcinogenesis.

Chilaiditi Syndrome in Two Cases Presented with Respiratory Distress Symptoms

Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare syndrome known hepatodiaphramatic interposition of as colon or small intestine. As this pathology is usually asymptomatic, it is incidentally identified in adults and rarely reported in children. Herein, two children cases are presented with respiratory distress, who were diagnosed as Chilaiditi syndrome by chest radiography.

Coexistence of pneumothorax and Chilaiditi sign: a case report

We present a case of 50 year old male patient with coexistence of Pneumothorax and Chilaiditi sign. Chilaiditi sign is an incidental radiographic finding of a usually asymptomatic condition in which a part of intestine is located between the liver and diaphragm; however, the term "Chilaiditi syndrome" is used for symptomatic hepatodiaphragmatic interposition. The patient had no symptoms of abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, or emesis. Incidentally, Chilaiditi sign was diagnosed on chest radiography. Pneumothorax is defined as air in the pleural space. Pneumothoraces are classified as spontaneous or traumatic. Spontaneous pneumothorax is labelled as primary when no underlying lung disease is present, or secondary, when it is associated with pre-existing lung disease. Our case is the rare in the literature indicating the coexistence of Chilaiditi sign and pneumothorax.