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Huffman C, Olson J, Evans JK, Brady T, Huff S, Bishop B, Abbott E, Wishon K, Washburn K, Coeytaux R. Nurse initiated auricular acupressure for post-operative pain control in patients undergoing TKA or THA: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs 2024; 52:101035. [PMID: 37429783 PMCID: PMC10921186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2023.101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Huffman
- Center for Nursing Research, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Juli Olson
- Integrative Health Coordinating Center, Veterans Health Administration, Des Moines, IA, 50325, USA
| | - Joni K Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Teresa Brady
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sonia Huff
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Davie Medical Center, 329 NC Highway 801 North, Bermuda Run, NC, 27006, USA
| | - Brie Bishop
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Davie Medical Center, USA
| | - Ellen Abbott
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Davie Medical Center, USA
| | - Karen Wishon
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Davie Medical Center, USA
| | - Kyle Washburn
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Pain Center, 605 Cotton Street, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Remy Coeytaux
- Former Professor of Family Medicine and Former Director of Center for Integrative Medicine at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, USA
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Mousavi FS, Golmakani N, Valiani M, Taghanaki HRB, Rezaei F. Comparison of two methods of complementary medicine on postoperative pain and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 12:458. [PMID: 38464646 PMCID: PMC10920800 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1246_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative pain and anxiety are unpleasant situations that are often experienced by women undergoing cesarean section. Since the routine methods of pain relief after surgery is still inadequate, the need for complementary treatments is felt. Foot Reflexology (FR) and Auricular Acupressure (AA) are two of the most popular and safe procedures of complementary and alternative medicine therapies. So, this study aimed to determine and compare the effectiveness of reflexology and AA on postoperative pain and anxiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS This three-group randomized clinical trial study was performed on 101 pregnant women, admitted to Mashhad Omolbanin hospital, for a cesarean section, in 2015. In the intervention groups, 2-3 h after the operation, AA or FR was performed for 20 min. Routine care was provided for the control group. Pain and anxiety were evaluated by VAS and Spielberger anxiety questionnaire before and 1 and 2 h after the intervention. RESULTS The results showed that immediately after the intervention, pain intensity was significantly lower in both AA and FR groups (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. In addition, 2 h after the interventions, pain intensity was significantly lower in the AA group compared with the control group (P = 0.006). However, no significant differences were observed between the FR and the control groups (P = 0.095). In addition, 1 and 2 h after the intervention, anxiety was significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.033 and P = 0.018), respectively. The results of the Tukey test showed that this difference was only between FR and control groups (P = 0.025 and P = 0.017), respectively. CONCLUSION AA is more effective in reducing post-cesarean pain while FR effectively reduces post-cesarean anxiety. Therefore, these complementary medicine treatments as easy and noninvasive methods are recommended to be used during labor for improving maternal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh S. Mousavi
- Msc in Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University Of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Nahid Golmakani
- Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Valiani
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Bahrami Taghanaki
- Department of Chinese and Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Iranian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Msc in Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University Of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
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Cao M, Ye F, Xie W, Yan X, Ho MH, Cheung DST, Lee JJ. Effectiveness of auricular acupoint therapy targeting menstrual pain for primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2023; 20:621-633. [PMID: 36991541 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a global public health concern affecting women's health and quality of life, leading to productivity loss and increased medical expenses. As a non-pharmacological intervention, auricular acupoint therapy (AAT) has been increasingly applied to treat PD, but the overall effectiveness remains unclear. AIMS The aim of this review was to synthesize the effects of AAT targeting menstrual pain among females with PD. METHODS Eight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data) and three registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN Registry and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry) were searched to identify existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to 21 August 2022. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted the data, and appraised the methodological quality and the evidence strength using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and the GRADE approach. RESULTS A total of 793 participants from 11 RCTs were included. Despite substantial heterogeneity, AAT was more effective in reducing menstrual pain and related symptoms than placebo and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). No significant subgroup differences were found between study locations as well as invasiveness, duration, type, acupoints number, ear selection and provider of AAT. Only minor adverse effects of AAT were reported. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION AAT can help women with PD, particularly those who are refrained from pharmaceuticals. Primary healthcare professionals, including nurses, can be well-equipped to provide evidence-based and effective AAT for people with PD. AAT can be used in a broader global clinical community. To provide an optimal effect and have wider usability, a unified practice standard is required, which would necessitate further adaptation of clinical care of people with PD. AAT effectively decreased menstrual pain and other accompanying symptoms of PD. More research is needed to identify effective AAT features and explore optimal therapy regimes for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Cao
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fen Ye
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wenxuan Xie
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Xinyi Yan
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Mu-Hsing Ho
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Liu L, Hu J, Lu J, Yang J. Clinical Observation on Auricular Acupressure for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pain Res 2023; 16:3217-3225. [PMID: 37753489 PMCID: PMC10519210 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s414416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study is to evaluate the immediate and time-dependent effects of AA in treating PD and assess its safety. Methods/Design This study is a randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial that will enroll 92 patients in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Patients will be assigned to either the treatment group (n=46) or the control group (n=46). During the first menstrual period, the treatment group will receive AA treatment, while the control group will receive sham AA treatment for 7 days. The second menstrual period will serve as the follow-up period. The primary outcome measure is the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score 30 min after the first treatment. Secondary outcome measures include the VAS score immediately after the first treatment, onset time of analgesic effect, duration of pain, extra dosing rate of ibuprofen, and change of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) score. The outcomes will be assessed at baseline, during the intervention period, and during the follow-up period. Conclusion The study results will provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of AA in managing PD by analyzing its immediate effect, time-effect relationship, and reduction of painkiller use. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300069741).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junwei Hu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Lu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Xie W, Ye F, Yan X, Cao M, Ho MH, Kwok JYY, Lee JJ. Acupressure can reduce preoperative anxiety in adults with elective surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 145:104531. [PMID: 37321140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative anxiety is prevalent amongst adults with elective surgery and is associated with multiple detrimental perioperative physiological effects. Increasing studies support the effectiveness of acupressure in managing preoperative anxiety. However, the magnitude of acupressure's positive association with preoperative anxiety is still unclear due to a lack of rigorous evidence synthesis. OBJECTIVE To estimate the efficacy of acupressure on preoperative anxiety and physiological parameters amongst adults scheduled for elective surgery. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Search terms were combined for acupressure and preoperative anxiety in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform to search for eligible randomised controlled trials from the inception of each database through September 2022. METHODS Pairs of researchers independently screened and extracted data from included studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool Version 2.0. Meanwhile, random-effects meta-analysis of overall effects and prespecified subgroup (i.e., surgery types, intervention providers, and acupressure stimulation tools) was conducted using Review Manager Software 5.4.1. Meta-regression was performed to explore study-level variables that may contribute to heterogeneity using STATA 16. RESULTS Of 24 eligible randomised controlled trials, there were a total of 2537 participants from 5 countries contributed to this synthesis. When comparing acupressure with usual care or placebo, acupressure showed a large effect size for preoperative anxiety (SMD = -1.30; 95%CI = -1.54 to -1.06; p < 0.001; I2 = 86%). The significant mean reduction of heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was -4.58 BPM (95%CI = -6.70 to -2.46; I2 = 89%), -6.05 mmHg (95%CI = -8.73 to -3.37; p < 0.001; I2 = 88%), and -3.18 mmHg (95%CI = -5.09 to -1.27; p = 0.001; I2 = 78%), respectively. Exploratory subgroup analyses showed significant differences in surgery types and acupressure stimulation tools, whilst the intervention providers (i.e., healthcare professionals and self-administered) showed no statistically significant difference for acupressure therapy. None of the predefined participants and study-level characteristics moderated preoperative anxiety through meta-regression. CONCLUSION Acupressure appears efficacious as a therapy for improving preoperative anxiety and physiological parameters amongst adults with elective surgery. Self-administered acupressure, which is effective with a large effect, may be considered as an evidence-based approach to managing preoperative anxiety. Hence, this review aids in the development of acupressure in different types of elective surgeries and the improvement of the rigour of acupressure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Xie
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Fen Ye
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyi Yan
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Mu-Hsing Ho
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jojo Yan Yan Kwok
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China.
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Effect of Acupressure Applied After Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia Postpone the Duration of Taking Analgesics and on The Gastrointestinal System: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:58-64. [PMID: 35074319 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cesarean deliveries are one of the primary conditions associated with postoperative decreased motility of the gastrointestinal system and are characterized by acute pain and distention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the application of acupressure and the administration of analgesics for women who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia could be delayed and how spontaneous gastrointestinal system motility could be achieved in the postoperative period. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial SETTING: Private Medipol Nisa Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey INTERVENTION: This trial was conducted with 112 primipara pregnant women who delivered via cesarean section under spinal anesthesia and were randomly assigned into the acupressure (n=52) and control (n=60) groups. The participants in the acupressure group (n=52) were treated for 20 minutes. The participants in the control group (n=60) were treated per the hospital protocol (analgesics for pain, flatulation and defecation, no pharmacological or non-pharmacological application was performed). RESULTS The time that elapsed for the administration of analgesics was significantly later in the acupressure group than in the control group (p <.001). The first occurrence of flatulation and defecation were significantly earlier in the acupressure group (19 and 23 hours, respectively) than in the control group (34 and 27 hours, respectively) (p <.001). CONCLUSION Acupressure is an easy, non-invasive method that postpones the administration of analgesics in the postoperative period and prevents flatulence and constipation caused by the decreased motility of GIS.
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Duan D, He L, Chen H, Lei Y, Wu W, Li T. Efficacy of auricular plaster therapy for sleep disorders in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Neurol 2022; 13:973609. [PMID: 36262834 PMCID: PMC9574001 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.973609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) suffer from sleep disorders to a considerable degree; however, there is no safe and effective treatment available in clinical practice. The objective of the trial is to assess the clinical effectiveness of auricular plaster therapy (APT) in treating sleep disorders in children with ASD. Method This is a single-center, patient-assessor blind, randomized controlled trial. A total of 44 preschool children with sleep disorders with ASD will be included in this study. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the auricular plaster group or the sham auricular plaster group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the different groups will receive APT or sham APT, respectively, for a total of 30 sessions over 30 days. The primary outcome includes the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), while secondary outcomes include the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and polysomnography (PSG) for total sleep time, sleep latency, awakening duration, and sleep structures. The CSHQ and ABC will be assessed at baseline, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after randomization, whereas PSG will be assessed at baseline and 30 days after randomization. The follow-up period will be scheduled to be 60, 90, and 120 days after randomization. Discussion The results of this study may provide evidence of the efficacy of APT, as well as offer new alternatives for the treatment of sleep disorders in children with ASD. Trial registration CHiCTR.org.cn (ChiCTR2100048257). Registered on July 5, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoxi Duan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin He
- Foreign Language School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Li
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Zhang W, Zhang H, Wang SM, Guo J, Ma Y, Li Y, Su F, Chi Y. Perioperative Acupuncture Optimizes Surgical Outcomes: Theory, Clinical Practice and Future Perspectives. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:961-978. [PMID: 35729088 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the use of perioperative acupuncture as part of an enhanced postsurgical recovery protocol. Data from both clinical trials and animal studies has shown that the integration of acupuncture into perioperative patient care leads to a reduction of perioperative complications such as preoperative anxiety, intraoperative hemodynamic instability, postoperative pain, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and postoperative nausea and vomiting in surgical patients. Despite these favorable outcomes, perioperative acupuncture has yet to be widely adopted in current anesthesia practice. This review summarized data from clinical perioperative acupuncture studies and cites recent discoveries regarding the anatomical location and characteristics of acupoint(s), acupuncture stimulation techniques, and treatment practice protocols, as well as identified the areas of deficiency in perioperative acupuncture applications. To facilitate acupuncture integration in perioperative care practice, the authors propose to establish a perioperative acupuncture registry which can be used for data mining as well as a resource for studying the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture. Through this acupuncture registry, clinical guidelines and research protocols can be established, additional large/multi-center clinical and pragmatic trials can be easily performed to determine if the integration and expansion of perioperative acupuncture practice is cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Connecticut Medical School, 200 Academic Way Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Jingxuan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yucai Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Fan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yongliang Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P. R. China
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Shah S, Godhardt L, Spofford C. Acupuncture and Postoperative Pain Reduction. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2022; 26:453-458. [PMID: 35482244 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-022-01048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acupuncture is an analgesic technique that has long been utilized in Eastern medicine. In recent times, various acupuncture techniques have been used in integrated pain management approaches in Western medicine. It has even been adopted as an analgesic method in surgical patients. Currently, no review exists regarding various acupuncture techniques used in perioperative pain management and data describing the utility of these techniques. This paper synthesizes the latest literature regarding the role of acupuncture in perioperative pain management. The authors sought to describe various acupuncture modalities used to help manage surgical pain and synthesize the current body of literature to help readers make informed judgements on the topic. RECENT FINDINGS Patients undergoing abdominal, spine/neuro, and gynecologic pelvic surgery generally benefit from acupuncture. Out of the various acupuncture techniques, electroacupuncture, transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation, and traditional total body acupuncture seem to be most promising as adjuncts to multimodal perioperative analgesia. Benefits include improved analgesia and/or reduced narcotic requirements, decrease in PONV, and shorter time to return of bowel function. Acupuncture is a low-risk method that has the potential to enhance perioperative analgesia, decrease opioid requirement, and reduce unwanted side effects of anesthesia, surgery, and opioid administration such as nausea/vomiting. Given the variety of patient populations, various acupuncture techniques, and small patient populations for most current studies; it remains difficult to determine which acupuncture method would most benefit specific patients. Future studies with more robust sample sizes and prospective comparison on acupuncture technique would help better characterize acupuncture's role in perioperative pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave; P347, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Lisa Godhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave; P347, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Christina Spofford
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave; P347, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Harja KP, Roosheroe AG, Simadibrata CL, Helianthi DR. The Role of Acupuncture in Reducing Pain Scale Scoring in Geriatric Patients with Acute Pain: A Literature Review. Med Acupunct 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/acu.2021.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krisma Perdana Harja
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Arya Govinda Roosheroe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Christina L. Simadibrata
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Rachma Helianthi
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
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Reduced Pain by Mind-Body Intervention Correlates with Improvement of Shoulder Function in People with Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6149052. [PMID: 35368768 PMCID: PMC8970874 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6149052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Meditation and acupressure-like stimulations have been shown to relieve pain. The aim of this study was to determine whether a short bout of mind-body intervention combined with meditation and acupressure-like stimulation was able to alleviate shoulder pain and improve its function in a short time window. Sixty-five adults with shoulder pain were recruited and randomly classified into two groups. One group participated in an intervention which consisted of acupressure-like stimulation and meditation over a 5 min period. The other group was instructed to rest during this time. A visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and objective constant scores were measured before and after intervention to determine shoulder pain and range of motion (ROM), respectively. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and a regression analysis were performed. VAS pain, objective constant score, flexion, abduction, and external rotation score showed significant interactions between time and group. The pain intensity was significantly reduced, while flexion and abduction were significantly improved, in the experimental group compared to the control group, after the intervention. In addition, the change of flexion negatively correlated with the change of pain intensity in the experimental group, but not in the control group. These results show that a short-term application of mind-body intervention significantly alleviates shoulder pain and improves shoulder movement, suggesting its potential use as a therapy for people with shoulder pain.
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Hsu HC, Fang HY, Kuo CC, Su SF, Liang WM, Ma WF. The effectiveness of acupressure for managing postoperative pain in patients with thoracoscopic surgery: A randomized control trail. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 54:411-421. [PMID: 34854214 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE More than 86% patients experience moderate to severe pain after thoracoscopic surgery. A combination of diverse nonpharmacological pain relief methods is a developing trend for pain management. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of acupressure in reducing pain after thoracoscopic surgery. DESIGN A Randomized controlled study with purpose sampling was used for this study. Patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery at a medical center in central Taiwan were enrolled. Study data was collected from September 2020 to April 2021 after the approval of the institutional review board. A total of 100 participants were randomized into two groups (49 and 51 in the experimental and control groups, respectively). METHODS Participants in the experimental group received acupressure at the Neiguan (PC6) and Shenmen (HT7) acupoints thrice a day for 2 days, whereas those in the control group received routine treatment and did not receive acupressure. The measurement included questionnaires for the collection of general information, physiological information, and disease rating scale. The Visual Analogue Scale-Pain (VAS-P) was used to measure the severity of pain. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis. Independent sample t-test and chi-squared test were used for descriptive statistics, and paired t-test and linear mixed model were used to examine the effect of acupressure in alleviating pain. FINDINGS After acupressure intervention, the pain score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and this difference was significant β = 17.76, p < 0.001 on day 1 after intervention; β = 19.80, p < 0.001 on day 2 after intervention. The postoperative pain score in the experimental group on day 2 after intervention was significantly lower than that in the control group (t = 2.039, p = 0.044). After the subjects received acupressure, pain index significantly decreased after considering the interaction between time and group (p < 0.001). Regardless of the type of surgery, there were significant differences in pain index when the interaction between time and group was considered (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provided an experimental basis that acupressure can help in pain management in patients after thoracoscopic surgery, and the pain relief results become more significant as the duration of intervention increases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Acupressure is effective in relieving postoperative pain in any type of thoracoscopic surgery. Nurses can use acupressure to help control pain in patients after thoracoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chi Hsu
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Yuan Fang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Chung Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Su
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Fen Ma
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry and School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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James BL, Welch J, Williamson C. Self-Administration of Auricular Acupuncture in Rural Veterans with Chronic Pain: A Pilot Project. Med Acupunct 2021; 33:349-352. [DOI: 10.1089/acu.2021.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lee James
- Department of Pain Management, Pain Clinic, Chillicothe Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chillicothe, OH, USA, and the Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - John Welch
- Medical-Surgical Care Line, Pain Clinic, Chillicothe Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chillicothe, OH, USA, and the Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Chen CC, Chen SP, Lyu SY, Hsu CH. Application of Auriculotherapy for Post-Burn Scar Syndrome in Young Adults with Major Burns. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2021; 14:127-136. [DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2021.14.4.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cha-Chun Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Pei Chen
- Department of Sport and Health Management, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lyu
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Lindsey MH, Mortensen S, Xu H, McNichol M, Abdeen A. The Role of Acupuncture in Postoperative Pain Management of Patients Undergoing Knee Arthroplasty Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202108000-00006. [PMID: 34415872 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» Acupuncture after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may decrease the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). » Acupuncture did not decrease visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the 0 to 48-hour interval but did decrease VAS scores at >48 hours after TKA. » The heterogeneity of the studies prevented meta-analysis of opioid use with acupuncture after TKA; a systematic review demonstrated mixed results. » Additional studies are needed to investigate opioid reduction with acupuncture after TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Lindsey
- Harvard Combined Orthoapedic Residency Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharri Mortensen
- Nazarian Laboratory, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haijun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tonji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Megan McNichol
- Agoos Medical Library/Knowledge Services, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ayesha Abdeen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bigalke S, Maeßen TV, Schnabel K, Kaiser U, Segelcke D, Meyer-Frießem CH, Liedgens H, Macháček PA, Zahn PK, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Assessing outcome in postoperative pain trials: are we missing the point? A systematic review of pain-related outcome domains reported in studies early after total knee arthroplasty. Pain 2021; 162:1914-1934. [PMID: 33492036 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The management of acute postoperative pain remains suboptimal. Systematic reviews and Cochrane analysis can assist with collating evidence about treatment efficacy, but the results are limited in part by heterogeneity of endpoints in clinical trials. In addition, the chosen endpoints may not be entirely clinically relevant. To investigate the endpoints assessed in perioperative pain trials, we performed a systematic literature review on outcome domains assessing effectiveness of acute pain interventions in trials after total knee arthroplasty. We followed the Cochrane recommendations for systematic reviews, searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase, resulting in the screening of 1590 potentially eligible studies. After final inclusion of 295 studies, we identified 11 outcome domains and 45 subdomains/descriptors with the domain "pain"/"pain intensity" most commonly assessed (98.3%), followed by "analgesic consumption" (88.8%) and "side effects" (75.3%). By contrast, "physical function" (53.5%), "satisfaction" (28.8%), and "psychological function" (11.9%) were given much less consideration. The combinations of outcome domains were inhomogeneous throughout the studies, regardless of the type of pain management investigated. In conclusion, we found that there was high variability in outcome domains and inhomogeneous combinations, as well as inconsistent subdomain descriptions and utilization in trials comparing for effectiveness of pain interventions after total knee arthroplasty. This points towards the need for harmonizing outcome domains, eg, by consenting on a core outcome set of domains which are relevant for both stakeholders and patients. Such a core outcome set should include at least 3 domains from 3 different health core areas such as pain intensity, physical function, and one psychological domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bigalke
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive and Pain Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil gGmbH, Bochum, Germany
| | - Timo V Maeßen
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schnabel
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kaiser
- University Pain Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Segelcke
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine H Meyer-Frießem
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive and Pain Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil gGmbH, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Philipp A Macháček
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter K Zahn
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive and Pain Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil gGmbH, Bochum, Germany
| | - Esther M Pogatzki-Zahn
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Effects of Nurse-Led Pain Management Interventions for Patients with Total Knee/Hip Replacement. Pain Manag Nurs 2020; 22:111-120. [PMID: 33353818 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A literature review was conducted to assess nurse-led nonpharmacologic pain management interventions intended for total knee/hip replacement patients. DESIGN This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify relevant studies. REVIEW METHODS The systematic review was conducted based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and all Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and appraised their quality. Thereafter, the effects of all described nurse-led nonpharmacologic pain management interventions were estimated regarding pain, anxiety, and satisfaction through a meta-analysis. RESULTS In total, 219 relevant studies were found through a search. Finally, 23 studies were selected for review, with 17 included in the meta-analysis. Nurse-led nonpharmacologic pain management was effective for pain relief (effect size, -0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.42 to -0.02), and educational interventions were especially effective (effect size, -0.36; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.03). Although interventions reduced anxiety and improved satisfaction, these results were not statistically significant based on the analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings support that nurse-led nonpharmacologic pain management interventions could help reduce pain in patients with total knee/hip replacement by supplementing pharmacologic pain management. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurse-led nonpharmacologic pain interventions should be considered to reduce patient pain with total knee/hip replacement.
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18
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Hendawy HA, Abuelnaga ME. Postoperative analgesic efficacy of ear acupuncture in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 33167893 PMCID: PMC7650181 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have revealed that acupuncture can increase the somatic pain threshold. Electro-acupuncture (EA) can help pain-relieving with minimal physiologic disturbance. Various painful disorders, as well as pain following various surgeries, like cesarean section, gastrostomy, and enterectomy were managed properly with acupuncture. Therefore we studied the postoperative analgesic effect of EA in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS A randomized, prospective clinical trial study was carried out on 56 women undergoing hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia. Patients were allocated randomly to receive either spinal anesthesia and electric ear acupuncture (EEA group) or spinal anesthesia alone (control group). EEA was done by fine needles to anatomically defined 4 points of the ear: Shen Men Point, thalamus Point 26, Analgesia Point 3, and Uterus Point 58, and connected to EA therapeutic apparatus. After finishing surgery, the fine needles were substituted by permanent press needles to be removed after 24 hours. The primary outcome was the postoperative 24 h morphine consumption by patient-controlled analgesia, while secondary outcomes included Post-operative pain scores and postoperative 1st request of analgesia. RESULTS Total morphine consumption in the first 24 postoperative hours was obviously reduced in the EEA group versus the control group (mean ± SD:6.214± 2.1319 mg vs 15.714 ± 3.3428 mg, d = - 3.3886, 95% Confidence interval = - 4.2061,-2.5712, p-value =0.000). The postoperative pain scores were significantly reduced in the EEA group in comparison to the control group, with delayed 1st request of postoperative analgesia. CONCLUSIONS Electric ear acupuncture provides postoperative analgesia, reducing morphine requirement and consequently its side effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered before enrolment of the first patient at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry ( www.pactr.org ) database ( PACTR201903770607799 , Date of registration: 5th March 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed E Abuelnaga
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box: 41522, Ard Elgameiat, Ismailia City, Egypt.
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19
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Zhang Q, Yue JH, Sun ZR, Golianu B. Effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of postoperative pain: A protocol for a systematic review of randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17606. [PMID: 31804303 PMCID: PMC6919394 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of patients with postoperative pain (PPP). METHODS We will carry out a systematic review of the published literature and will comprehensively search Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to the present with no language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture with other interventions or sham acupuncture will be included. Two reviewers will independently conduct study selection, data collection, and study quality. A third reviewer will resolve any discrepancies. We will apply RevMan 5.3 software for statistical analysis. RESULTS The protocol of this study will systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for patients with PPP. The primary outcome is postoperative pain intensity. The secondary outcomes comprise of: analgesic consumption, postoperative recovery parameters, vital signs, quality of life, and treatment related adverse events. CONCLUSION This study will summarize the current evidence base for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for patients with PPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhong Zhang
- Department of acupuncture and moxibustion, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Neuro Acupuncture Health Center, Fremont
- University of Herbal Medicine, Hayward
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, CA
| | | | - Zhong-Ren Sun
- Department of acupuncture and moxibustion, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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20
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Taheri H, Naseri-Salahshour V, Abedi A, Sajadi M. Comparing the Effect of Foot and Hand Reflexology on Pain Severity after Appendectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2019; 24:451-456. [PMID: 31772920 PMCID: PMC6875882 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_85_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Appendicitis is one of the main causes of acute pain. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of foot and hand reflexology on pain severity following appendectomy. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 38 patients undergoing appendectomy in Alimoradian Hospital of Nahavand, Iran, in 2016. The samples were selected using convenience sampling, and then, randomly assigned to hand and foot reflexology groups via simple random sampling. In the foot reflexology group, the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the feet were lubricated using natural olive oil for five minutes. Next, reflexology was done by applying pressure to the appendix reflex area for 20 minutes. The same intervention was applied in the hand reflexology group. The severity of pain was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before the intervention and one, three, and 24 hours after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, One-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA), and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The results of one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in the mean pain severity between the two groups (p = 0.771), whereas pain severity in the foot reflexology group was significantly lower than that of the hand reflexology group after the intervention (t = 1.63, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that foot reflexology was more effective than hand reflexology in pain alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Taheri
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Vahid Naseri-Salahshour
- Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Abedi
- Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Sajadi
- Pediatric Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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22
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Monson E, Arney D, Benham B, Bird R, Elias E, Linden K, McCord K, Miller C, Miller T, Ritter L, Waggy D. Beyond Pills: Acupressure Impact on Self-Rated Pain and Anxiety Scores. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:517-521. [PMID: 30932686 PMCID: PMC6533784 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine impact of an acupressure protocol on self-rated pain and anxiety scores. Design: Retrospective database analysis of self-rated pain and anxiety scores before and immediately after administration of stress release acupressure protocol. Participants: Participants include hospitalized patients, nurses, and public. Intervention: Involves a 16-point stress release acupressure protocol. Outcome measures: Outcome measures involve pre- and post-treatment self-rated pain scores (0-10) with the Wong-Baker Faces Scale and pre- and post-treatment self-rated anxiety scores (0-10) on a visual analog scale. Results: Five hundred and nineteen acupressure treatments were retrospectively analyzed with pre- and post-treatment self-rated pain and anxiety scores, where 0 represented no pain or anxiety and 10 represented the worst pain and anxiety. Overall, participants demonstrated a two-point decrease in pain scores and a four-point decrease in anxiety scores post-treatment. Hospitalized patients demonstrated a four-point decrease in pain scores and a five-point decrease in anxiety scores post-treatment. Nurses demonstrated a three-point decrease in pain scores and four-point decrease in anxiety scores post-treatment. Public population demonstrated a one-point decrease in pain scores and two-point decrease in anxiety scores post-treatment. Seventy-five percent of participants were highly satisfied with acupressure treatments, and 96% of treatments were administered in less than 30 minutes. Conclusions: Acupressure is a highly satisfactory complementary therapy that can demonstrate a clinically significant decrease in self-rated pain and anxiety scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monson
- 1 Heart Failure/Transplant, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Beth Benham
- 3 Soul Lightening International, New Hampshire
| | - Rebekah Bird
- 4 Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Erika Elias
- 4 Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Kami Linden
- 4 Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | - Cathy Miller
- 5 Soul Lightening International, Goldsboro, Maryland
| | - Tammy Miller
- 4 Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Lori Ritter
- 4 Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Deanna Waggy
- 6 Soul Lightening International, South Bend, Indiana
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Effectiveness of Perioperative Auricular Therapy on Postoperative Pain after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2979780. [PMID: 30941191 PMCID: PMC6420993 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2979780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Auricular therapy (AT) is a conventional therapy in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the effectiveness of perioperative AT in pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is still controversial. Nine randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 605 patients who have undergone THA with or without AT from inception to March 2018 were collected and included in this study by searching more than 12 databases (e.g., PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, and Cochrane Library). A random-effects model that pooled seven articles showed that the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the AT group was lower than that of the control group at each postoperative time point in patients after THA, except at the time points of 6 and 36 h. The intraoperative body mass-adjusted fentanyl amount in the AT group was also lower than that of the control group in two trials. The other outcomes (time to first analgesic request and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, perioperative bradycardia, and transitory hypotension) showed insignificant difference. Then, subgroup analysis showed similar results to those of the total articles with the term “VAS”. Regression analysis found that the prolonged time after the operation decreased the difference in VAS between the two groups. Although all the outcomes were assessed as very low to low in the GRADE system, evidence on the effectiveness of perioperative AT in pain treatment after total hip replacement was positive.
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Zhong Q, Wang D, Bai YM, Du SZ, Song YL, Zhu J. Effectiveness of Auricular Acupressure for Acute Postoperative Pain after Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 25:225-232. [PMID: 30815805 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the effectiveness of auricular acupressure (AA) in patients with acute postoperative pain after surgery by systematic review. METHODS A search of randomized controlled trials was conducted in 5 English medical electronic databases and 4 Chinese databases. Two reviewers independently retrieved related studies, assessed the methodological quality, and extracted data with a standardized data form. Meta-analyses were performed using all time-points meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 26 studies with 1,682 participants were included. Results showed that compared with conventional therapy, AA significantly improved the total effective rate [risk ratio=1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13 to 1.37, Plt;0.0001; heterogeneity: Plt;0.0001, I2=85%]. In the subgroup analysis, the results changed in different follow-up time and surgery categories. The pain relief in the AA group might be the most significant at 72 h after surgery (mean difference=-0.85, 95% CI,-1.20 to-0.50, Plt;0.0001) and in abdominal surgery (mean difference=-1.15, 95% CI,-1.41 to-0.90, Plt;0.0001). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results of this meta-analysis were stable. No serious adverse effects were recorded. CONCLUSION It was recommended to provide AA to patients with acute postoperative pain. However, a more accurate estimate of the effect requires further rigorously designed large-scale and high-quality RCTs for improving acute postoperative pain after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhong
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Shi-Zheng Du
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yu-Lei Song
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
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Auricular Plaster Therapy for Comorbid Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7120169. [PMID: 30766613 PMCID: PMC6350581 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7120169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the effectiveness of auricular plaster therapy (APT) on primary insomnia has been systematically reviewed, no systematic review of studies has focused on the effect on comorbid insomnia. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of APT for comorbid insomnia. Methods Fifteen databases were searched from inception to July 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of APT as an exclusive intervention for comorbid insomnia against Western medications, sham APT or no treatment were identified. Results Fourteen studies involving 928 participants were identified. The pooled outcomes revealed that APT was superior to control conditions for the global score on PSQI (SMD = -1.13, and 95% CI = -1.48—-0.78) and the effective rate (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.13—1.36, NNT = 5, and 95% CI =4—7). Furthermore, the results of subgroup analyses were similar to the pooled results. Additionally, the pooled results were verified to be stable by sensitivity analyses. Regarding safety, no significant difference was identified between APT and Western medications. Conclusions APT appears to be an effective and safe treatment for comorbid insomnia. However, the benefits of APT for comorbid insomnia could not be ascertained due to the paucity of the quantity and quality of the included studies. Large-scale studies using proper methodology are needed to yield a firm conclusion.
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You E, Kim D, Harris R, D'Alonzo K. Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Pain Management: A Systematic Review. Pain Manag Nurs 2018; 20:17-24. [PMID: 30340870 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nearly half of hospitalized patients in the United States have reported experiencing pain even while undergoing treatment for pain. Analgesic use is the most common type of treatment for pain management. Many patients who experience pain seek nonpharmacologic interventions to manage their pain, including forms of complementary or alternative medicine such as auricular acupressure (AA). DESIGN This study conducted the first systematic review of the studies that have evaluated the effect of AA as an adjunct on pain management. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Google Scholar, and Wiley for randomized controlled trials on AA. REVIEW/ANALYSIS METHODS The pain outcomes were pain severity and analgesic consumption. Methodologic quality was also evaluated. Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included in this analysis. RESULTS Twelve studies reported statistically significant improvement in the pain outcomes of AA treatment compared with the sham or standard care groups. When methodologic quality was assessed, the selected studies had medium quality, but there was a lack of high quality. This supports that the use of AA for patients may enhance self-management for their pain. However, the small number of studies and the lack of consistent rigorous methodology across the studies preclude definitive statements regarding the effectiveness of AA. CONCLUSION The nursing implications based on this review is that education about AA and complementary or alternative medicine therapies for health care providers may assist them in providing pain control for their patients. In addition, we need to continue research to build on evidence on the effect of AA on pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Kim
- Rutgers University Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ryan Harris
- University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Mehta P, Dhapte V, Kadam S, Dhapte V. Contemporary acupressure therapy: Adroit cure for painless recovery of therapeutic ailments. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:251-263. [PMID: 28417094 PMCID: PMC5388088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since time immemorial, complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) have played a significant role in human health care. CAM is known to have a strong reputation and reliability within every culture to provide basic health care treatment for patients. CAM acts as a better therapeutic option in human being for treating various diseases and improving quality of life with apt consideration to the economic aspects. Acupressure, one of the known CAM, originated in ancient China is based on the principal of acupoints activation across the meridians which correct the imbalance between Qi. Activation of specific points on the meridians is known to facilitate reduction of pain at the local sites. It also reduces the pain from other body parts. This review outlines various types, devices and mechanisms involved in the acupressure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Mehta
- Department of Quality assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune 38, India
| | - Vishwas Dhapte
- Department of Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Yashwantrao Mohite College, Pune 38, India
| | - Shivajirao Kadam
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Bharati Vidyapeeth Bhavan, Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg, Pune 38, India
| | - Vividha Dhapte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
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Noll E, Shodhan S, Madariaga MC, Page CR, Santangelo D, Guo X, Al Bizri E, Pryor AD, Romeiser J, Bennett-Guerrero E. Randomized trial of acupressure to improve patient satisfaction and quality of recovery in hospitalized patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:110. [PMID: 28270180 PMCID: PMC5341349 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acupressure therapy may be potentially beneficial in improving postoperative symptoms like postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), pain and sleep disorder and improving postoperative quality of recovery. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of acupressure therapy on postoperative patient satisfaction and quality of recovery in hospitalized patients after surgical treatment. Methods/design This three-group, parallel, superiority, blinded, randomized controlled trial will test the hypothesis that a combination of PC6, LI4 and HT7 acupressure is superior to sham or no intervention for improving postoperative quality of recovery in hospitalized patients. A minimum of 150 patients will be randomly allocated to one of the three experimental groups: control (no visit), light touch (sham acupressure) or active acupressure therapy in a 1:1:1 ratio. Interventions will be performed three times a day for 2 days. Patient satisfaction, quality of recovery, PONV and pain will be measured during the 3 days following randomization. The study protocol was approved by the Stony Brook University Institutional Review Board on 21 March 2016. Written informed consent will be recorded from every consented patient. Discussion This study has the potential to improve the recovery of hospitalized patients by adding knowledge on the efficacy of acupressure therapy in this setting. A multipoint acupressure protocol will be compared to both a no intervention group and a light touch group, providing insight into different aspects of the placebo effect. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT02762435. Registered on 14 April 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1839-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Noll
- Department of Anesthesiology Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Institut de Chirurgie Guidee par l'Image, IHU Hopitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. .,Service d'Anesthesie Reanimation Hautepierre - CCOM - CMCO, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. .,C.C.O.M., 10 avenue Achille Baumann, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
| | - Shivam Shodhan
- Department of Anesthesiology Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Diane Santangelo
- Department of Anesthesiology Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ehab Al Bizri
- Department of Anesthesiology Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Aurora D Pryor
- Department of Surgery Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Romeiser
- Department of Anesthesiology Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Ferreira VTK, Guirro ECDO, Dibai-Filho AV, Ferreira SMDA, de Almeida AM. Characterization of chronic pain in breast cancer survivors using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2015; 19:651-5. [PMID: 26592223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize pain in breast cancer survivors using the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 women aged 30-80 years who had been submitted to treatment for breast cancer (surgery and complementary treatment) at least 12 months earlier with reports of pain related to the therapeutic procedures. Pain was characterized using the full-length version of the MPQ, which is made up of 78 descriptors divided into four categories: sensory (ten items), affective (five items), evaluative (one item) and miscellaneous (four items). Two indices were also used to measure pain through the use of the descriptors: the number of words chosen (NWC) and the pain rating index (PRI). The most frequent descriptive terms were "agonizing" (n = 16; 53.3%), "tugging" (n = 15; 50%), "sore" (n = 14; 46.7%), "wretched" (n = 14; 46.7%), "troublesome" (n = 13; 43.3%) and "spreading" (n = 11; 36.7%). The sensory category had the highest PRI value based on the descriptors chosen (mean: 0.41). Women with chronic pain following treatment for breast cancer employed the "agonizing", "tugging" and "sore" descriptors with greatest frequency and rated pain in the sensory category as having the greatest impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Tie Koga Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine, and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine, and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Almir Vieira Dibai-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine, and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Mara de Araújo Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing in Public Health, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing in Public Health, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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30
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Liu XL, Tan JY, Molassiotis A, Suen LKP, Shi Y. Acupuncture-Point Stimulation for Postoperative Pain Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:657809. [PMID: 26568767 PMCID: PMC4620376 DOI: 10.1155/2015/657809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Acupuncture-point stimulation (APS) in postoperative pain control compared with sham/placebo acupuncture or standard treatments (usual care or no treatment). Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that APS interventions improved VAS scores significantly and also reduced total morphine consumption. No serious APS-related adverse effects (AEs) were reported. There is Level I evidence for the effectiveness of body points plaster therapy and Level II evidence for body points electroacupuncture (EA), body points acupressure, body points APS for abdominal surgery patients, auricular points seed embedding, manual auricular acupuncture, and auricular EA. We obtained Level III evidence for body points APS in patients who underwent cardiac surgery and cesarean section and for auricular-point stimulation in patients who underwent abdominal surgery. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that APS is an effective postoperative pain therapy in surgical patients, although the evidence does support the conclusion that APS can reduce analgesic requirements without AEs. The best level of evidence was not adequate in most subgroups. Some limitations of this study may have affected the results, possibly leading to an overestimation of APS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Liang Liu
- 10th People's Hospital of Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Road, Banyo, Brisbane, QLD 4014, Australia
- School of Nursing, Jinggangshan University, 28 Xueyuan Road, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Jing-Yu Tan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alex Molassiotis
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lorna K. P. Suen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Shi
- 10th People's Hospital of Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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Estores IM, Frye J. Healing Environments: Integrative Medicine and Palliative Care in Acute Care Settings. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2015; 27:369-82. [PMID: 26333757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional medicine is excellent at saving lives; however, it has little to offer to address the physical, mental, and emotional distress associated with life-threatening or life-limiting disease. An integrative approach to palliative care in acute care settings can meet this need by creating healing environments that support patients, families, and health care professionals. Mindful use of language enhances the innate healing response, improves communication, and invites patients and families to participate in their care. Staff should be offered access to skills training to cultivate compassion and mindful practice to enhance both patient and self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Estores
- Integrative Medicine Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Joyce Frye
- Pharmacopeia Revision Committee, Homeopathic Pharmacopeia Convention of the United States, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhang CS, Yang AW, Zhang AL, May BH, Xue CC. Sham control methods used in ear-acupuncture/ear-acupressure randomized controlled trials: a systematic review. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 20:147-61. [PMID: 24138333 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ear-acupuncture/ear-acupressure (EAP) has been used for a range of health conditions with numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating its efficacy and safety. However, the design of sham interventions in these RCTs varied significantly. This study systematically reviewed RCTs on EAP for all clinical conditions involving a number of sham EAPs as a control intervention. The review is guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0 and investigated the types and differences of sham EAP interventions. Four electronic English databases (The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL®) and two Chinese databases (CQVIP, CNKI) were searched in December 2012 and 55 published RCTs comparing real and sham EAP for any clinical condition were included. Characteristics of participants, real and sham interventions, and outcomes were extracted. Four types of sham methods were identified. Among the 55 RCTs, 25 studies involved treatment on nonspecific ear acupoints as the sham method; seven studies used nonacupoints on the ear; nine studies selected placebo needles or placebo ear-acupressure on the same ear acupoints for the real treatment; 10 studies employed pseudo-intervention; and five studies combined two of the above methods to be the sham control. Other factors of treatment such as number of points, treatment duration, and frequency also varied greatly. Risk of bias assessment suggests that 32 RCTs were "high risk" in terms of participants blinding, and 45 RCTs were "high risk" in terms of personnel blinding. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to the high clinical heterogeneity across included studies. No relationship was found between the sham designs and efficacy outcomes, or between the sham types and dropout rate. No solid conclusion of which design is the most appropriate sham control of EAP could be drawn in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Shuiqing Zhang
- 1 Discipline of Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
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