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Divoux A, Erdos E, Whytock K, Osborne TF, Smith SR. Transcriptional and DNA Methylation Signatures of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in PCOS Women. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050848. [PMID: 35269469 PMCID: PMC8909136 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with metabolic syndrome features, including central obesity, suggesting that adipose tissue (AT) is a key organ in PCOS pathobiology. In this study, we compared both abdominal (ABD) and gluteofemoral (GF) subcutaneous AT in women with and without PCOS. ABD and GF subcutaneous ATs from PCOS and BMI/WHR-matched control women were analyzed by RT-qPCR, FACS and histology. ABD and GF adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) transcriptome and methylome were analyzed by RNA-seq and DNA methylation array. Similar to the control group with abdominal obesity, the GF AT of PCOS women showed lower expression of genes involved in lipid accumulation and angiogenesis compared to ABD depot. FACS analysis revealed an increase in preadipocytes number in both AT depots from PCOS. Further pathway analysis of RNA-seq comparisons demonstrated that the ASCs derived from PCOS are pro-inflammatory and exhibit a hypoxic signature in the ABD depot and have lower expression of adipogenic genes in GF depot. We also found a higher CpG methylation level in PCOS compared to control exclusively in GF-ASCs. Our data suggest that ASCs play an important role in the etiology of PCOS, potentially by limiting expansion of the healthy lower-body AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Divoux
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; (K.W.); (S.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(407)-303-7100 (ext. 1101628)
| | - Edina Erdos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; (E.E.); (T.F.O.)
| | - Katie Whytock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; (K.W.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Timothy F. Osborne
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; (E.E.); (T.F.O.)
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; (K.W.); (S.R.S.)
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2
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Tan Q, Li Y, Guo Y. Exercise Training Improves Functions of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:108-117. [PMID: 34320079 PMCID: PMC8294748 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento As células progenitoras endoteliais (CPEs) desempenham um papel importante na manutenção da função endotelial. A síndrome metabólica (SM) está associada à disfunção das CPEs. Embora o exercício físico tenha um impacto benéfico na atividade das CPEs, seu mecanismo ainda não está completamente esclarecido. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os efeitos do exercício físico nas funções das CPEs e os mecanismos subjacentes em pacientes com SM. Métodos Os voluntários com SM foram divididos em grupo exercício (n=15) e grupo controle (n=15). Antes e após 8 semanas de treinamento físico, as CPEs foram isoladas do sangue periférico. Foram feitos o ensaio de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC), o ensaio de formação de tubos, a expressão proteica do óxido nítrico sintase endotelial (eNOS), da fosfatidilinositol-3-quinase (PI3-K) e da proteína quinase B (AKT). Considerou-se um valor de probabilidade <0,05 para indicar significância estatística. Resultados Após 8 semanas, o número de UFCs aumentou significativamente no grupo exercício em comparação com o grupo controle (p<0,05). Além disso, observamos uma diminuição significativa do modelo de avaliação da homeostase da resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR), endotelina-1, proteína C reativa de alta sensibilidade e dos níveis de homocisteína no grupo exercício. A intervenção com exercícios também pode aumentar a capacidade de formação de tubos de CPEs e aumentar o nível de fosforilação de eNOS, PI3-K e AKT. Conclusão O exercício físico aprimorou as funções das CPEs. O mecanismo pode estar relacionado ao exercício, ativando a via PI3-K/AKT/eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tan
- Qinhuangdao First Hospital,Qinhuangdao - China
| | - Yang Li
- Qinhuangdao First Hospital,Qinhuangdao - China
| | - Yao Guo
- Qinhuangdao First Hospital,Qinhuangdao - China
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3
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Triantafyllidi H, Benas D. Endothelium: The Trivial Fence Became a Powerful Gatekeeper of Vascular Health. Angiology 2021; 72:601-603. [PMID: 33535810 DOI: 10.1177/0003319721992238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Triantafyllidi
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, 68989National and Kapodistrian University, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Benas
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, 68989National and Kapodistrian University, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Poh KK, Lee PSS, Djohan AH, Galupo MJ, Songco GG, Yeo TC, Tan HC, Richards AM, Ye L. Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Obese Diabetic Rats Following Myocardial Infarction: Role of Thymosin Beta-4. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040949. [PMID: 32290541 PMCID: PMC7226991 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone-marrow derived cells that are critical in the maintenance of endothelial wall integrity and protection of ischemic myocardium through the formation of new blood vessels (vasculogenesis) or proliferation of pre-existing vasculature (angiogenesis). Diabetes mellitus (DM) and the metabolic syndrome are commonly associated with ischemic heart disease through its pathological effects on the endothelium and consequent endothelial dysfunction. Thymosin-β4 (Tβ4) which expressed in the embryonic heart is critical in epicardial and coronary artery formation. In this study, we explored the effects of Tβ4 treatment on diabetic EPCs in vitro and intramyocardial injection of Tβ4-treated and non-Tβ4 treated EPCs following acute myocardial infarction (MI) of diabetic rats in vivo. It was found that 10 ng/mL Tβ4 increased migration, tubule formation, and angiogenic factor secretion of diabetic EPCs in vitro. In vivo, although implantation of Tβ4 treated diabetic EPCs significantly increased capillary density and attracted more c-Kit positive progenitor cells into the infarcted hearts as compared with implantation of non-Tβ4 treated diabetic EPCs, the significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction was only found in the rats which received non-Tβ4 treated EPCs. The data suggests that a low dose Tβ4 increases diabetic EPC migration, tubule formation, and angiogenic factor secretion. However, it did not improve the effects of EPCs on left ventricular pump function in diabetic rats with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (K.K.P.); (P.S.S.L.); (A.H.D.); (M.J.G.); (G.G.S.); (T.C.Y.); (H.C.T.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Poay Sian Sabrina Lee
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (K.K.P.); (P.S.S.L.); (A.H.D.); (M.J.G.); (G.G.S.); (T.C.Y.); (H.C.T.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Andie Hartanto Djohan
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (K.K.P.); (P.S.S.L.); (A.H.D.); (M.J.G.); (G.G.S.); (T.C.Y.); (H.C.T.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Mary Joyce Galupo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (K.K.P.); (P.S.S.L.); (A.H.D.); (M.J.G.); (G.G.S.); (T.C.Y.); (H.C.T.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Geronica Gorospe Songco
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (K.K.P.); (P.S.S.L.); (A.H.D.); (M.J.G.); (G.G.S.); (T.C.Y.); (H.C.T.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Tiong Cheng Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (K.K.P.); (P.S.S.L.); (A.H.D.); (M.J.G.); (G.G.S.); (T.C.Y.); (H.C.T.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Huay Cheem Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (K.K.P.); (P.S.S.L.); (A.H.D.); (M.J.G.); (G.G.S.); (T.C.Y.); (H.C.T.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (K.K.P.); (P.S.S.L.); (A.H.D.); (M.J.G.); (G.G.S.); (T.C.Y.); (H.C.T.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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5
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Jamaiyar A, Juguilon C, Dong F, Cumpston D, Enrick M, Chilian WM, Yin L. Cardioprotection during ischemia by coronary collateral growth. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H1-H9. [PMID: 30379567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00145.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) cause millions of deaths around the world annually. While surgical and pharmacological interventions are commonly used to treat patients with IHD, their efficacy varies from patient to patient and is limited by the severity of the disease. One promising, at least theoretically, approach for treating IHD is induction of coronary collateral growth (CCG). Coronary collaterals are arteriole-to-arteriole anastomoses that can undergo expansion and remodeling in the setting of coronary disease when the disease elicits myocardial ischemia and creates a pressure difference across the collateral vessel that creates unidirectional flow. Well-developed collaterals can restore blood flow in the ischemic area of the myocardium and protect the myocardium at risk. Moreover, such collaterals are correlated to reduced mortality and infarct size and better cardiac function during occlusion of coronary arteries. Therefore, understanding the process of CCG is highly important as a potentially viable treatment of IHD. While there are several excellent review articles on this topic, this review will provide a unified overview of the various aspects related to CCG as well as an update of the advancements in the field. We also call for more detailed studies with an interdisciplinary approach to advance our knowledge of CCG. In this review, we will describe growth of coronary collaterals, the various factors that contribute to CCG, animal models used to study CCG, and the cardioprotective effects of coronary collaterals during ischemia. We will also discuss the impairment of CCG in metabolic syndrome and the therapeutic potentials of CCG in IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Jamaiyar
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
| | - Cody Juguilon
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Devan Cumpston
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Molly Enrick
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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6
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Assessment of gut microbiota populations in lean and obese Zucker rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181451. [PMID: 28704522 PMCID: PMC5509373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been on the rise in the US and worldwide for the last several decades. Obesity has been associated with chronic disease development, such as certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and liver diseases. Previously, we reported that obesity promotes DMBA-induced mammary tumor development using the obese Zucker rat model. The intestinal microbiota is composed of a diverse population of obligate and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, and these organisms carry out a broad range of metabolic activities. Obesity has been linked to changes in the intestinal microbiota, but the composition of the bacterial populations in lean and obese Zucker rats has not been carefully studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of obesity on the gut microbiota in this model. Lean and obese female Zucker rats (n = 16) were fed an AIN-93G-like diet for 8 weeks. Rats were weighed twice weekly, and fecal samples were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to evaluate the composition of the fecal bacterial populations. At the outset of the study, the lean rats exhibited much lower ratios of the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla than the obese rats, but after 60 days, this ratio in the lean rats exceeded that of the obese. This shift was associated with reductions in the Bacteroidaceae, S24-7 and Paraprevotellaceae families in the lean rats. Obese rats also showed increased levels of the genus Akkermansia at day 60. PCoA plots of beta diversity showed clustering of the different test groups, indicating clear differences in intestinal microbiota populations associated with both the time point of the study and the lean or obese status in the Zucker rat model for obesity.
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7
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Jensen HA, Mehta JL. Endothelial cell dysfunction as a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:1021-33. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2016.1207527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna A. Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jawahar L. Mehta
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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8
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Lee PSS, Ye L, Khoo EYH, Yeo TC, Tan HC, Richards AM, Poh KK. Impairment in the number and function of CD34+/KDR+ circulating cells in diabetes and obesity with functional improvement after thymosin β4 treatment. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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9
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Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Vascular endothelium - Gatekeeper of vessel health. Atherosclerosis 2016; 248:97-109. [PMID: 26994427 PMCID: PMC6478391 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is an interface between the blood stream and the vessel wall. Changes in this single cell layer of the artery wall are believed of primary importance in the pathogenesis of vascular disease/atherosclerosis. The endothelium responds to humoral, neural and especially hemodynamic stimuli and regulates platelet function, inflammatory responses, vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration, in addition to modulating vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing vasoactive substances. Compromised endothelial function contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease; endothelial 'dysfunction' is associated with risk factors, correlates with disease progression, and predicts cardiovascular events. Therapies for atherosclerosis have been developed, therefore, that are directed towards improving endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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10
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Pedralli ML, Waclawovsky G, Camacho A, Markoski MM, Castro I, Lehnen AM. Study of endothelial function response to exercise training in hypertensive individuals (SEFRET): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:84. [PMID: 26873336 PMCID: PMC4752791 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and an early maker for atherosclerosis. Aerobic exercise training is known to enhance endothelial function, but little is understood about the effects of resistance or combined exercise training on endothelial function. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a 12-week aerobic (AT), resistance (RT), or combined (aerobic and resistance, CT) training program on endothelial function and assess associated effects on blood pressure in individuals with SAH. Methods/design Eighty-one subjects with SAH aged 18 to 70 years will be selected and randomly assigned to three types of exercise training: AT, RT or CT. The study will involve the following procedures and tests: anamnesis, anthropometric assessment, echocardiography, blood pressure measurements through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, flow-mediated dilation, ergospirometry, one repetition maximum test (1-RM), and blood collection (number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, number of circulating endothelial microparticles, lipid profile, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and creatinine). The AT intervention will consist of a 40-min exercise session with progressive intensities ranging from 50 to 75 % of heart rate reserve. The RT intervention will consist of a 40-minute session with four sets of six to 12 repetitions with a rest period of 60 to 90 seconds between each set and each type of exercise. Weight loads will be adjusted to 60 to 80 % of 1-RM for six types of exercise. The CT intervention will consist of a 20-min aerobic exercise session, followed by an additional 20-min resistance exercise session; each resistance exercise will have two sets less to match the total training volume. Discussion The study results are expected evidence of cardiovascular protective effects of different types of exercise training through the modulation of endothelial function in hypertensive individuals. Knowing the magnitude of improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation for the different types of exercise training can provide scientific evidence for the prescription of exercise programs for vascular protection targeting hypertensive individuals. Trial registration The Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/) under RBR-9ygmdn and dated 1 March 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinei Lopes Pedralli
- Laboratório de Investigação Clínica, Instituto de Cardiologia / Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia - ICFUC, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395. Bairro Santana, 90620 001, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Torres, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Laboratório de Investigação Clínica, Instituto de Cardiologia / Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia - ICFUC, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395. Bairro Santana, 90620 001, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Augusto Camacho
- Laboratório de Investigação Clínica, Instituto de Cardiologia / Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia - ICFUC, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395. Bairro Santana, 90620 001, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Melissa Medeiros Markoski
- Laboratório de Investigação Clínica, Instituto de Cardiologia / Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia - ICFUC, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395. Bairro Santana, 90620 001, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Iran Castro
- Laboratório de Investigação Clínica, Instituto de Cardiologia / Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia - ICFUC, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395. Bairro Santana, 90620 001, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Machado Lehnen
- Laboratório de Investigação Clínica, Instituto de Cardiologia / Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia - ICFUC, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395. Bairro Santana, 90620 001, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Faculdade Sogipa de Educação Física, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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11
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Kang WL, Xu GS. Atrasentan increased the expression of klotho by mediating miR-199b-5p and prevented renal tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19979. [PMID: 26813039 PMCID: PMC4728478 DOI: 10.1038/srep19979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrasentan is a promising therapy for treating diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here we evaluated whether atrasentan down-regulated the miR-199b-5p expression, thereby increasing klotho and preventing renal tubular injury in DN. One-hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 40 healthy subjects were included. A DN mice model was established by an injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Human renal proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were exposed to high glucose (20 mmol/L). Treated the mice and HK-2 cells with atrasentan, and we then investigated whether and how miR-199b-5p and Klotho were involved in preventing renal tubular injury in DN. In patients, the serum miR-199b-5p level increased and the klotho concentration decreased in accordance with elevated albuminuria. Atrasentan down-regulated miR-199b-5p and up-regulated klotho of the DN mice and HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose. High glucose promoted the binding of histone H3 to the miR-199b-5p promoter, and atrasentan canceled this effect. MiR-199b-5p targeted the 3′ UTR of klotho. Overexpression of miR-199b-5p canceled the effects of atrasentan on klotho expression and apoptosis of renal tubular cells in both in vivo and in vitro. The increased serum klotho, mediated by miR-199b-5p, is a possible mechanism by which atrasentan prevents renal tubular injury in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Kang
- Medical Center of the Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China.,Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Xinyu City, Xinyu 338000, China
| | - Gao-Si Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006 China
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12
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Liu HZ, Wang QY, Zhang Y, Qi DT, Li MW, Guo WQ, Ma YH, Wang LY, Chen Y, Gao CY. Pioglitazone up-regulates long non-coding RNA MEG3 to protect endothelial progenitor cells via increasing HDAC7 expression in metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:101-109. [PMID: 26898430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) is expressed in endothelial cells and involved in angiogenesis and vascular function. It was proposed that MEG3 participates in the process of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) functions in metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study, the circulating EPCs number and function were decreased in MetS subjects. The MEG3 expression was expressed at a lower level and microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) was expressed at a higher level in circulating EPCs of subjects with MetS. Pioglitazone reversed the alterations of EPCs function and the expression levels of MEG3 and miR-140-5p in EPCs. In bone marrow-derived EPCs exposed to palmitate, down-regulation of miR-140-5p canceled the increase of MEG3 expression level induced by Pioglitazone. Overexpression of MEG3 resulted in the down-regulation of miR-140-5p. The luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay showed that MEG3 targeted miR-140-5p. In addition, the HDAC7 expression levels were regulated by miR-140-5p and MEG3. These findings demonstrated that Pioglitazone up-regulated MEG3 expression to protect EPCs via decreasing miR-140-5p expression and increasing HDAC7 expression in MetS, which may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing and treating MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Q Y Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - D T Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - M W Li
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - W Q Guo
- Department of Echocardiography, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y H Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - C Y Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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13
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Sumerkina VA, Chulkov VS, Chulkov VS, Golovneva ES, Telesheva LF, Mezentseva EA, Nikushkina KV. Evaluation of the hemostatic state, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in young women with abdominal obesity and hypertension. OBESITY AND METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.14341/omet2015429-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the laboratory parameters of hemostasis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in women with metabolic syndrome, isolated abdominal obesity or with hypertension.Materials and methods. The study included 71 women aged 30 – 44 years and was conducted at laboratory study of hemostasis system, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.Results. In women with abdominal obesity and arterial hypertension we found an increased levels of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides and a decrease in a concentration of HDL-C compared to healthy women. The study of hemostasis revealed prothrombotic changes in the form of activation of coagulation hemostasis and fibrinolysis system activity.Conclusions. The disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are very prevalent in young women with abdominal obesity and hypertension with every second woman meeting the criteria for the metabolic syndrome. The most pronounced signs of activation of blood coagulation markes was seen in women with abdominal obesity and hypertension. In women with the individual components of the metabolic syndrome there were no significant changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, although we saw an early signs of activation of hemocoagulation.
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Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Bukowska-Strakova K, Zukowska M, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A. The real face of endothelial progenitor cells - Circulating angiogenic cells as endothelial prognostic marker? Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:793-802. [PMID: 26321283 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been extensively studied for almost 19 years now and were considered as a potential marker for endothelial regeneration ability. On the other hand, circulating endothelial cells (CEC) were studied as biomarker for endothelial injury. Yet, in the literature, there is also huge incoherency in regards to terminology and protocols used. This results in misleading conclusions on the role of so called "EPCs", especially in the clinical field. The discrepancies are mainly due to strong phenotypic overlap between EPCs and circulating angiogenic cells (CAC), therefore changes in "EPC" terminology have been suggested. Other factors leading to inconsistent results are varied definitions of the studied populations and the lack of universal data reporting, which could strongly affect data interpretation. The current review is focused on controversies concerning the use of "EPCs"/CAC and CEC as putative endothelial diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Bukowska-Strakova
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Zukowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Han Y, Tao J, Gomer A, Ramirez-Bergeron DL. Loss of endothelial-ARNT in adult mice contributes to dampened circulating proangiogenic cells and delayed wound healing. Vasc Med 2014; 19:429-41. [PMID: 25398385 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x14559588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment and homing of circulating bone marrow-derived cells include endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) that are critical to neovascularization and tissue regeneration of various vascular pathologies. We report here that conditional inactivation of hypoxia-inducible factor's (HIF) transcriptional activity in the endothelium of adult mice (Arnt(ΔiEC) mice) results in a disturbance of infiltrating cells, a hallmark of neoangiogenesis, during the early phases of wound healing. Cutaneous biopsy punches show distinct migration of CD31(+) cells into wounds of control mice by 36 hours. However, a significant decline in numbers of infiltrating cells with immature vascular markers, as well as decreased transcript levels of genes associated with their expression and recruitment, were identified in wounds of Arnt(ΔiEC) mice. Matrigel plug assays further confirmed neoangiogenic deficiencies alongside a reduction in numbers of proangiogenic progenitor cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood samples of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor-treated Arnt(ΔiEC) mice. In addition to HIF's autocrine requirements in endothelial cells, our data implicate that extrinsic microenvironmental cues provided by endothelial HIF are pivotal for early migration of proangiogenic cells, including those involved in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jiayi Tao
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alla Gomer
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Diana L Ramirez-Bergeron
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Verma I, Syngle A, Krishan P. Endothelial progenitor cell biology in ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 18:336-40. [PMID: 25351377 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are unique populations which have reparative potential in overcoming endothelial damage and reducing cardiovascular risk. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the endothelial progenitor cell population in AS patients and its potential relationships with disease variables. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells were measured in peripheral blood samples from 20 AS and 20 healthy controls by flow cytometry on the basis of CD34 and CD133 expression. Disease activity was evaluated by using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Functional ability was monitored by using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). RESULTS EPCs were depleted in AS patients as compared to healthy controls (CD34(+) /CD133(+) : 0.027 ± 0.010% vs. 0.044 ± 0.011%, P < 0.001). EPC depletions were significantly associated with disease duration (r = -0.52, P = 0.01), BASDAI (r = -0.45, P = 0.04) and C-reactive protein (r = -0.5, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate endothelial progenitor cell depletion in AS patients. EPC depletions inversely correlate with disease duration, disease activity and inflammation, suggesting the pivotal role of inflammation in depletion of EPCs. EPC would possibly also serve as a therapeutic target for preventing cardiovascular disease in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjeet Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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17
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Berezin AE, Kremzer AA. Relationship between circulating endothelial progenitor cells and insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with ischemic chronic heart failure. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2014; 8:138-144. [PMID: 25082501 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to assess a relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and counts of CD45(-)CD34(+), CD14(+)CD309(+), and CD14(+)CD309(+)Tie2(+) phenotyped circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS The study involved 300 CHF patients (186 males) aged 48-62 years with angiografically proven coronary artery disease and/or previously defined myocardial infarction. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). EPC populations were phenotyped by flow cytofluorimetry. RESULTS Circulating EPCs counts were statistically significantly lower in CHF patients with IR than in patients without IR. We found that the most valuable multivariable predictors of the depletion of the CD45(+)CD34(+) EPCs were NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (1.32; 95% CI=1.19-2.77; P=0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR=1.30; 95% CI=1.09-1.60; P=0.002), NYHA class (OR=1.12; 95% CI=1.02-1.19; P=0.001). NT-pro-BNP (OR=1.45; 95% CI=1.15-2.90; P=0.003), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR=1.32; 95% CI=1.11-1.65; P=0.001) were found as powerful predictors for depletion in CD45(-)CD34(+) EPCs. We also identified six independent variables with high predictive value for depletion of CD14(+)CD309(+) EPCs: NT-pro-BNP (OR=1.41; 95% CI=1.15-2.90; P=0.003), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR=1.18; 95% CI=1.10-1.76; P=0.036), NYHA class (OR=1.15; 95% CI=1.07-1.22; P=0.001), hs-C reactive protein (OR=1.02; 95% CI=1.01-1.05; P=0.012). As independent multivariable predictors for depletion in CD14(+)CD309(+)Tie2(+) EPCs were selected five variables: NT-pro-BNP (OR=1.65; 95% CI=1.44-4.70; P=0.006), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR=1.07; 95% CI=1.02-1.12; P=0.018), NYHA class (OR=1.13; 95% CI=1.06-1.21; P=0.001), hs-C-reactive protein (OR=1.08; 95% CI=1.03-1.16; P=0.002). CONCLUSION IR may be an additional factor contributing decreased circulating level of proangiogenic EPCs in non-diabetic CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- State Medical University, Internal Medicine Department, Zaporozhye, Ukraine.
| | - Alexander A Kremzer
- State Medical University, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
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18
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease of the lungs resulting in heart failure and premature death. Although, until recently, it was thought that PAH pathology is restricted to pulmonary arteries, several extrapulmonary organs are also affected. The realization that these tissues share a common metabolic abnormality (i.e., suppression of mitochondrial glucose oxidation and increased glycolysis) is important for our understanding of PAH, if not a paradigm shift. Here, we discuss an emerging metabolic theory, which proposes that PAH should be viewed as a syndrome involving many organs sharing a mitochondrial abnormality and explains many PAH features and provides novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Sutendra
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 2C2 Walter Mackenzie Centre, 8440 112 Street Northwest, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P4, Canada
| | - Evangelos D Michelakis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 2C2 Walter Mackenzie Centre, 8440 112 Street Northwest, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P4, Canada.
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Dhindsa S, Jialal I. Potential anti-atherosclerotic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 2014; 14:463. [PMID: 24390468 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Pharmacotherapy that can reduce hyperglycemia and also exhibit pleiotropic effects that can result in a reduction in cardiovascular disease will be a major advance. Recently, the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors were introduced as ant-hyperglycemic therapy. Studies from numerous groups have reported effects that could potentially result in a reduction in CVD. Some of the drugs in this class, especially vildagliptin and sitagliptin, have been shown to reduce postprandial hyperlipidemia following a fat load, improve endothelial function as evidenced by increased forearm blood flow, and also display anti-inflammatory effects. Their effects on platelet function, blood pressure, and oxidative stress are very preliminary and need to be confirmed. Finally, they have been shown to reduce subclinical atherosclerosis by reducing carotid intimal-medial thickness. However, the final arbiter with respect to a reduction in CVD will be the ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dhindsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Permian Basin Campus, Odessa, TX, 79763, USA
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20
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Reynolds JA, Robertson AC, Bruce IN, Alexander MY. Improving cardiovascular outcomes in rheumatic diseases: therapeutic potential of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:231-43. [PMID: 24333265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The reason for this is unclear but may be due, at least in part, to the failure of endothelial repair mechanisms. Over the last 15 years there has been much interest in the mechanisms of endothelial renewal and its potential as a therapy for CVD. In the circulation there are two distinct populations of cells; myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) which augment repair by the paracrine secretion of angiogenic factors, and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) which are true endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and promote vasculogenesis by differentiating into mature endothelium. There are marked abnormalities in the number and function of these cells in patients with RA and SLE. Inflammatory cytokines including interferon-alpha (IFNα) and tumour-necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) both impair MAC and OEC function ex vivo and may therefore contribute to the CVD risk in these patients. Whilst administration of mononuclear cells, MACs and other progenitors has improved cardiovascular outcomes in the acute setting, this is not a viable option in chronic disease. The pharmacological manipulation of MAC/OEC function in vivo however has the potential to significantly improve endothelial repair and thus reduce CVD in this high risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Abigail C Robertson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, and Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M Yvonne Alexander
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, UK; Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
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21
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Metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The role of endothelial progenitor cells♦. Ann Hepatol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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Devaraj S, Chien A, Rao B, Chen X, Jialal I. Modulation of endothelial progenitor cell number and function with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:94-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Jialal I, Bajaj M. DPP-4 inhibitors and atherosclerosis: the promise. Atherosclerosis 2013; 227:224-5. [PMID: 23395524 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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24
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Therapeutic approach in the improvement of endothelial dysfunction: the current state of the art. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:252158. [PMID: 23509696 PMCID: PMC3581156 DOI: 10.1155/2013/252158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium has a central role in the regulation of blood flow through continuous modulation of vascular tone. This is primarily accomplished by balanced release of endothelial relaxing and contractile factors. The healthy endothelial cells are essential for maintenance of vascular homeostasis involving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-fibrinolytic, anti-adhesive, or anticoagulant effects. Oppositely, endothelial dysfunction is primarily characterized by impaired regulation of vascular tone as a result of reduced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity, lack of cofactors for NO synthesis, attenuated NO release, or increased NO degradation. So far, the pharmacological approach in improving/reversal of endothelial dysfunction was shown to be beneficial in clinical trials that have investigated actions of different cardiovascular drugs. The aim of this paper was to summarize some of the latest clinical findings related to therapeutic possibilities for improving endothelial dysfunction in different pathological conditions. In the majority of presented clinical investigations, the assessment of improvement or reversal of endothelial dysfunction was performed through the flow-mediated dilatation measurement, and in some of those endothelial progenitor cells' count was used for the same purpose. Still, given the fast and continuous development of this field, the evidence acquisition included the MEDLINE data base screening and the selection of articles published between 2010 and 2012.
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Sato M, Shibata Y, Abe S, Inoue S, Igarashi A, Yamauchi K, Aida Y, Kishi H, Nunomiya K, Nakano H, Sato K, Watanabe T, Konta T, Ueno Y, Kato T, Kayama T, Kubota I. Retrospective analysis of the relationship between decline in FEV(1) and abdominal circumference in male smokers: the Takahata study. Int J Med Sci 2012; 10:1-7. [PMID: 23288999 PMCID: PMC3534871 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is reportedly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the relationship between abdominal circumference (AC) and decline in FEV(1) has not been elucidated. We aimed to investigate this relationship among male current smokers. METHODS Spirometry was performed on subjects (n = 3,257) ≥ 40 years of age, who participated in a community-based annual health check in Takahata, Japan, from 2004 through 2006 (visit 1). Spirometry was re-evaluated, and AC was assessed in 147 of the male current smokers in 2009 (visit 2). The diagnosis of Mets was based on the criteria used in the Hisayama Study. RESULTS No significant relationships were observed between AC and spirometric parameters such as % predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and FEV(1)/FVC. However, decline in FEV(1) was significantly correlated with AC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AC was a significant discriminating factor for decline in FEV(1), independently of age, Brinkman index and change in body mass index from visit 1 to visit 2. At visit 2, there was a greater prevalence of decline in FEV(1) among subjects with Mets (n=17) than among those without Mets. Although there were no differences in % predicted FVC, % predicted FEV(1) or FEV(1)/FVC between subjects with or without Mets, the rate of decline in FEV(1) was significantly greater in subjects with Mets than in those without. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective analysis suggested that measuring AC may be useful for discriminating male smokers who show a decline in FEV(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Sato
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Yoko Shibata
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Shuichi Abe
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Sumito Inoue
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Akira Igarashi
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Keiko Yamauchi
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Yasuko Aida
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Keiko Nunomiya
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Kento Sato
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Tetsu Watanabe
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Tsuneo Konta
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- 2. Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- 2. Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kayama
- 2. Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Isao Kubota
- 1. Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology
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Simvastatin increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and reduces the formation and progression of diabetic retinopathy in rats. Exp Eye Res 2012; 105:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Moderate-to-high-intensity training and a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet enhance endothelial progenitor cells and fitness in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123:361-73. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A reduction in EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) number could explain the development and progression of atherosclerosis in the MetS (metabolic syndrome). Although much research in recent years has focused on the Mediterranean dietary pattern and the MetS, the effect of this diet with/without moderate-to-high-intensity endurance training on EPCs levels and CrF (cardiorespiratory fitness) remains unclear. In the present study, the objective was to assess the effect of a Mediterranean diet hypocaloric model with and without moderate-to-high-intensity endurance training on EPC number and CrF of MetS patients. Thus 45 MetS patients (50–66 years) were randomized to a 12-week intervention with the hypocaloric MeD (Mediterranean diet) or the MeDE (MeD plus moderate-to-high-intensity endurance training). Training included two weekly supervised sessions [80% MaxHR (maximum heart rate); leg and arm pedalling] and one at-home session (65–75% MaxHR; walking controlled by heart rate monitors). Changes in: (i) EPC number [CD34+KDR+ (kinase insert domain-containing receptor)], (ii) CrF variables and (iii) MetS components and IRH (ischaemic reactive hyperaemia) were determined at the end of the study. A total of 40 subjects completed all 12 weeks of the study, with 20 in each group. The MeDE led to a greater increase in EPC numbers and CrF than did the MeD intervention (P≤0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the increase in EPCs and fitness in the MeDE group (r=0.72; r2=0.52; P≤0.001). Body weight loss, insulin sensitivity, TAGs (triacylglycerols) and blood pressure showed a greater decrease in the MeDE than MeD groups. Furthermore, IRH was only improved after the MeDE intervention. In conclusion, compliance with moderate-to-high-intensity endurance training enhances the positive effects of a model of MeD on the regenerative capacity of endothelium and on the fitness of MetS patients.
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Jialal I, Huet BA, Kaur H, Chien A, Devaraj S. Increased toll-like receptor activity in patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:900-4. [PMID: 22357188 PMCID: PMC3308307 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent and confers an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While MetS is a proinflammatory state, there is a paucity of data on cellular inflammation in MetS. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are classical pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune response. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The aim of this study was to examine monocyte TLR2 and TLR4 in MetS patients without diabetes or CVD and control subjects since both of the receptors have been implicated in atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Fasting blood was obtained for TLR expression and activity. RESULTS Circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) were significantly increased in MetS versus control subjects following adjustment for waist circumference. There was a significant increase in both TLR2 and TLR4 surface expression and mRNA on monocytes after adjustment for waist circumference. In addition to increased nuclear factor-κB nuclear binding, there was significantly increased release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in MetS versus control subjects following priming of the monocytes with lipopolysaccharides. While both plasma free fatty acids and endotoxin were increased in MetS, they correlated significantly with TLR4 only. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we make the novel observation that both TLR2 and TLR4 expression and activity are increased in the monocytes of patients with MetS and could contribute to increased risk for diabetes and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
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