1
|
Stanić M, Jevtović M, Kovačević S, Dimitrijević M, Danilović Luković J, McIntosh OA, Zechmann B, Lizzul AM, Spasojević I, Pittman JK. Low-dose ionizing radiation generates a hormetic response to modify lipid metabolism in Chlorella sorokiniana. Commun Biol 2024; 7:821. [PMID: 38969726 PMCID: PMC11226653 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Algal biomass is a viable source of chemicals and metabolites for various energy, nutritional, medicinal and agricultural uses. While stresses have commonly been used to induce metabolite accumulation in microalgae in attempts to enhance high-value product yields, this is often very detrimental to growth. Therefore, understanding how to modify metabolism without deleterious consequences is highly beneficial. We demonstrate that low-doses (1-5 Gy) of ionizing radiation in the X-ray range induces a non-toxic, hormetic response in microalgae to promote metabolic activation. We identify specific radiation exposure parameters that give reproducible metabolic responses in Chlorella sorokiniana caused by transcriptional changes. This includes up-regulation of >30 lipid metabolism genes, such as genes encoding an acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit, phosphatidic acid phosphatase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase. The outcome is an increased lipid yield in stationary phase cultures by 25% in just 24 hours, without any negative effects on cell viability or biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Stanić
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Life Sciences Department, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mima Jevtović
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Life Sciences Department, Belgrade, Serbia
- Innovative Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Kovačević
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Life Sciences Department, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Dimitrijević
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Life Sciences Department, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Danilović Luković
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Life Sciences Department, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy-INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Owen A McIntosh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Ivan Spasojević
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Life Sciences Department, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jon K Pittman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koch M, Katsen-Globa A, Zolotukhina E, Silina Y. Testing of yeast cells damage using hydrogen peroxide spiking and Pd-NPs-based electrodes and impact of oxidoreductase presence on electrochemical read-out. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
3
|
The Impact of Spermidine on C2C12 Myoblasts Proliferation, Redox Status and Polyamines Metabolism under H2O2 Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231910986. [PMID: 36232289 PMCID: PMC9569770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231910986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A central feature of the skeletal muscle is its ability to regenerate through the activation, by environmental signals, of satellite cells. Once activated, these cells proliferate as myoblasts, and defects in this process profoundly affect the subsequent process of regeneration. High levels of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with the consequent formation of oxidized macromolecules increase myoblasts’ cell death and strongly contribute to the loss of myoblast function. Recently, particular interest has turned towards the beneficial effects on muscle of the naturally occurring polyamine spermidine (Spd). In this work, we tested the hypothesis that Spd, upon oxidative challenge, would restore the compromised myoblasts’ viability and redox status. The effects of Spd in combination with aminoguanidine (Spd-AG), an inhibitor of bovine serum amine oxidase, on murine C2C12 myoblasts treated with a mild dose of H2O2 were evaluated by analyzing: (i) myoblast viability and recovery from wound scratch; (ii) redox status and (iii) polyamine (PAs) metabolism. The treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with Spd-AG increased cell number and accelerated scratch wound closure, while H2O2 exposure caused redox status imbalance and cell death. The combined treatment with Spd-AG showed an antioxidant effect on C2C12 myoblasts, partially restoring cellular total antioxidant capacity, reducing the oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and increasing cell viability through a reduction in cell death. Moreover, Spd-AG administration counteracted the induction of polyamine catabolic genes and PA content decreased due to H2O2 challenges. In conclusion, our data suggest that Spd treatment has a protective role in skeletal muscle cells by restoring redox balance and promoting recovery from wound scratches, thus making myoblasts able to better cope with an oxidative insult.
Collapse
|
4
|
Antinozzi C, Duranti G, Ceci R, Lista M, Sabatini S, Caporossi D, Di Luigi L, Sgrò P, Dimauro I. Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulates Dihydrotestosterone Release in C2C12 Myotubes: A New Perspective for Exercise-Related Muscle Steroidogenesis? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126566. [PMID: 35743011 PMCID: PMC9223901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue that has recently been recognized for its ability to produce androgens under physiological conditions. The steroidogenesis process is known to be negatively influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in reproductive Leydig and ovary cells, while their effect on muscle steroidogenesis is still an unexplored field. Muscle cells are continuously exposed to ROS, resulting from both their metabolic activity and the surrounding environment. Interestingly, the regulation of signaling pathways, induced by mild ROS levels, plays an important role in muscle fiber adaptation to exercise, in a process that also elicits a significant modulation in the hormonal response. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ROS could influence steroidogenesis in skeletal muscle cells by evaluating the release of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), as well as the evaluation of the relative expression of the key steroidogenic enzymes 5α-reductase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17β-HSD, and aromatase. C2C12 mouse myotubes were exposed to a non-cytotoxic concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a condition intended to reproduce, in vitro, one of the main stimuli linked to the process of homeostasis and adaptation induced by exercise in skeletal muscle. Moreover, the influence of tadalafil (TAD), a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) originally used to treat erectile dysfunction but often misused among athletes as a "performance-enhancing" drug, was evaluated in a single treatment or in combination with H2O2. Our data showed that a mild hydrogen peroxide exposure induced the release of DHT, but not T, and modulated the expression of the enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, while TAD treatment significantly reduced the H2O2-induced DHT release. This study adds a new piece of information about the adaptive skeletal muscle cell response to an oxidative environment, revealing that hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in activating muscle steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antinozzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.A.); (M.L.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Marco Lista
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.A.); (M.L.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Laboratory of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.A.); (M.L.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.A.); (M.L.); (L.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Laboratory of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cytotoxic activity of cholesterol oxidase produced by Streptomyces sp. AKHSS against cancerous cell lines: mechanism of action in HeLa cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:141. [PMID: 34287712 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Re-occurrence of cancer is the major drawback for the currently available anticancer therapies. Therefore, study of an efficient enzyme, cholesterol oxidase produced by various kinds of microbes especially obtained from unexplored marine actinobacterial species against human cancer cell lines and understanding its mechanism of action helps to identify an irreversible and potent anticancer agent. The cytotoxic potential of cholesterol oxidase produced by a marine Streptomyces sp. AKHSS against four different human cancer cell lines was demonstrated through MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Fluorescent confocal microscopy and flow cytometry based experiments were performed to understand the efficiency of the enzymatic action on HeLa cells. Further, the apoptotic related proteins were detected through western blotting. Interestingly, the enzyme exhibited potent cytotoxicity at very low concentrations (0.093-0.327 µM) against all the cells tested. Fluorescent confocal microscopy revealed the morphological variations induced by the enzyme on cancer cell lines such as the formation of lipid droplets and condensation of nuclei. The enzyme treated cell-free extracts of HeLa cells analyzed through gas chromatography mass spectrometry showed the depletion of membrane cholesterol and the presence of substituted enzyme oxidized product, cholest-4-ene-3-one. The enzyme had induced significant inhibitory effects on the cell viability such as cell cycle arrest (G1 phase), apoptosis and rise of reactive oxygen species as evident through flow cytometry. Besides, hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane, reduced rates of phosphorylation of pAkt and the expression of apoptotic death markers like Fas, Fas L, caspases (8 and 3) and PARP-1 were recorded in the enzyme treated HeLa cells. Thus, cholesterol oxidase purified from a marine Streptomyces sp. AKHSS exhibits potent cytotoxicity at very low concentrations against human cancer cell lines. All the ex vivo experiments portrayed the substantial inhibitory effect of the enzyme on HeLa cells suggesting that cholesterol oxidase of Streptomyces sp. AKHSS could be a prominent cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ristić AJ, Savić D, Sokić D, Bogdanović Pristov J, Nestorov J, Baščarević V, Raičević S, Savić S, Spasojević I. Hippocampal antioxidative system in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2015; 56:789-99. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar J. Ristić
- Center for Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders; Neurology Clinic; Clinical Center of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Danijela Savić
- Department of Neurobiology; Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Dragoslav Sokić
- Center for Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders; Neurology Clinic; Clinical Center of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jelena Bogdanović Pristov
- Life Sciences Department; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jelena Nestorov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | | | - Savo Raičević
- Institute for Neurosurgery; Clinical Center of Serbia; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Slobodan Savić
- Institute of Forensic Medicine; Medical School; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- Life Sciences Department; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bogosavljević V, Bajčetić M, Spasojević I. Comparative analysis of antioxidative systems in malignant and benign brain tumours. Redox Rep 2014; 20:69-74. [PMID: 25247681 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comparison of redox conditions in malignant and benign tumours is essential for understanding the role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of aggressive cancer profiles. Here we compare antioxidative systems in highly malignant brain tumour - glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and in meningioma, a benign brain tumour. METHODS Tumour tissues and blood of 67 GBM patients (mean age: 52.9 ± 11.5 years) and 67 meningioma patients (59.2 ± 10.2 years), and blood of 30 control subjects (50.8 ± 12.8 years) were analysed via biochemical assays. RESULTS Components of glutathione system, which is responsible for H2O2 removal, showed lower activity/level in GBM: glutathione peroxidase (GBM: 9.90 ± 0.22; meningioma: 11.78 ± 0.23 U/mg of proteins; P < 0.001), glutathione reductase (GBM: 3.83 ± 0.13; meningioma: 4.67 ± 0.11 U/mg of proteins; P < 0.001), and glutathione (GBM: 6.70 ± 0.12; meningioma: 7.58 ± 0.14 μmol/g of tissue; P < 0.001). In contrast, the rank order of glutathione reductase activity and glutathione level in erythrocytes was: GBM > meningioma > control. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were lower in the blood of cancer patients compared to controls. DISCUSSION Cells of malignant brain tumour show down-regulated antioxidative system which might result in increased levels of H2O2 compared to benign tumour tissue.
Collapse
|
8
|
Extracellular iron diminishes anticancer effects of vitamin C: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5955. [PMID: 25092529 PMCID: PMC4121606 DOI: 10.1038/srep05955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by high-concentration ascorbate and cell culture medium iron efficiently kills cancer cells. This provided the rationale for clinical trials of high-dose intravenous ascorbate-based treatment for cancer. A drawback in all the in vitro studies was their failure to take into account the in vivo concentration of iron to supplement cell culture media which are characterized by low iron content. Here we showed, using two prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3) and primary astrocytes, that the anticancer/cytotoxic effects of ascorbate are completely abolished by iron at physiological concentrations in cell culture medium and human plasma. A detailed examination of mechanisms showed that iron at physiological concentrations promotes both production and decomposition of H2O2. The latter is mediated by Fenton reaction and prevents H2O2 accumulation. The hydroxyl radical, which is produced in the Fenton reaction, is buffered by extracellular proteins, and could not affect intracellular targets like H2O2. These findings show that anticancer effects of ascorbate have been significantly overestimated in previous in vitro studies, and that common cell culture media might be unsuitable for redox research.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jakubovics NS, Yassin SA, Rickard AH. Community interactions of oral streptococci. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 87:43-110. [PMID: 24581389 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800261-2.00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is now clear that the most common oral diseases, dental caries and periodontitis, are caused by mixed-species communities rather than by individual pathogens working in isolation. Oral streptococci are central to these disease processes since they are frequently the first microorganisms to colonize oral surfaces and they are numerically the dominant microorganisms in the human mouth. Numerous interactions between oral streptococci and other bacteria have been documented. These are thought to be critical for the development of mixed-species oral microbial communities and for the transition from oral health to disease. Recent metagenomic studies are beginning to shed light on the co-occurrence patterns of streptococci with other oral bacteria. Refinements in microscopy techniques and biofilm models are providing detailed insights into the spatial distribution of streptococci in oral biofilms. Targeted genetic manipulation is increasingly being applied for the analysis of specific genes and networks that modulate interspecies interactions. From this work, it is clear that streptococci produce a range of extracellular factors that promote their integration into mixed-species communities and enable them to form social networks with neighboring taxa. These "community integration factors" include coaggregation-mediating adhesins and receptors, small signaling molecules such as peptides or autoinducer-2, bacteriocins, by-products of metabolism including hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid, and a range of extracellular enzymes. Here, we provide an overview of various types of community interactions between oral streptococci and other microorganisms, and we consider the possibilities for the development of new technologies to interfere with these interactions to help control oral biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Jakubovics
- Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Sufian A Yassin
- Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander H Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bajić A, Spasić M, Andjus PR, Savić D, Parabucki A, Nikolić-Kokić A, Spasojević I. Fluctuating vs. continuous exposure to H₂O₂: the effects on mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular calcium, and NF-κB in astroglia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76383. [PMID: 24124554 PMCID: PMC3790680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of H2O2 are widely studied in cell cultures and other in vitro systems. However, such investigations are performed with the assumption that H2O2 concentration is constant, which may not properly reflect in vivo settings, particularly in redox-turbulent microenvironments such as mitochondria. Here we introduced and tested a novel concept of fluctuating oxidative stress. We treated C6 astroglial cells and primary astrocytes with H2O2, using three regimes of exposure - continuous, as well as fluctuating at low or high rate, and evaluated mitochondrial membrane potential and other parameters of mitochondrial activity - respiration, reducing capacity, and superoxide production, as well as intracellular ATP, intracellular calcium, and NF-κB activation. When compared to continuous exposure, fluctuating H2O2 induced a pronounced hyperpolarization in mitochondria, whereas the activity of electron transport chain appears not to be significantly affected. H2O2 provoked a decrease of ATP level and an increase of intracellular calcium concentration, independently of the regime of treatment. However, fluctuating H2O2 induced a specific pattern of large-amplitude fluctuations of calcium concentration. An impact on NF-κB activation was observed for high rate fluctuations, whereas continuous and low rate fluctuating oxidative stress did not provoke significant effects. Presented results outline the (patho)physiological relevance of redox fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Bajić
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Spasić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle R. Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Savić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Parabucki
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fructation in vivo: detrimental and protective effects of fructose. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:343914. [PMID: 23984346 PMCID: PMC3741926 DOI: 10.1155/2013/343914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that long-term intake of excessive fructose can have deleterious side effects in different experimental models. However, the role of fructose in vivo remains controversial, since acute temporary application of fructose is found to protect yeast as well as animal tissues against exogenous oxidative stress. This review suggests the involvement of reactive carbonyl and oxygen species in both the cytotoxic and defensive effects of fructose. Potential mechanisms of the generation of reactive species by fructose in the nonenzymatic reactions, their implication in the detrimental and protective effects of fructose are discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pristov JB, Spasić M, Spasojević I. Converting low dose radiation to redox signaling. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23151. [PMID: 23299433 PMCID: PMC3657013 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the damaging effects of high doses, low dose radiation (UV, gamma) has been reported to provoke constructive changes in plants. However, the mechanisms by which plants recognize and respond to low dose radiation are not understood. We have shown recently that polygalacturonic acid, cell wall polysaccharide, converts the highly reactive product of radiation - hydroxyl radical into superoxide which may be further dismutated to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide has been proposed to act as a signaling molecule, while hydrogen peroxide is known to be the key species in redox signaling cascades which are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes. Hence we propose that polygalacturonic acid may operate as radiation-signaling convertor. The outlined principles of radiation-sensing could also be valid for mammalian cells, with some other molecules mediating the conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bogdanović Pristov
- Life Sciences Department; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research; University of Belgrade; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Spasić
- Department of Physiology; Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- Life Sciences Department; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research; University of Belgrade; Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|