1
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Yamaguchi A, Hirano I, Narusawa S, Shimizu K, Ariyama H, Yamawaki K, Nagao K, Yamamoto M, Shimizu R. Blockade of the interaction between BMP9 and endoglin on erythroid progenitors promotes erythropoiesis in mice. Genes Cells 2021; 26:782-797. [PMID: 34333851 PMCID: PMC9290798 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein‐9 (BMP9), a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, plays important roles in the development and maintenance of various cell lineages via complexes of type I and type II TGFβ receptors. Endoglin is a coreceptor for several TGFβ family members, including BMP9, which is highly expressed in a particular stage of differentiation in erythroid cells as well as in endothelial cells. Although the importance of the interaction between BMP9 and endoglin for endothelial development has been reported, the contribution of BMP9 to endoglin‐expressing erythroid cells remains to be clarified. To address this point, we prepared an anti‐BMP9 antibody that blocks the BMP9‐endoglin interaction. Of note, challenge with the antibody promotes erythropoiesis in wild‐type mice but not in a mouse model of renal anemia in which erythropoietin (EPO) production in the kidneys is genetically ablated. While endoglin‐positive erythroid progenitors are mainly maintained as progenitors when bone marrow‐derived lineage‐negative and cKit‐positive cells are cultured in the presence of EPO and stem cell factor, the erythroid‐biased accumulation of progenitors is impeded by the presence of BMP9. Our findings uncover an unrecognized role for BMP9 in attenuating erythroid differentiation via its interaction with endoglin on erythroid progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Yamaguchi
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirano
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shiho Narusawa
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shimizu
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ariyama
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamawaki
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagao
- Nephrology Research Labs., Nephrology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Mega-Bank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Mega-Bank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Gao X, Sun X, Amra S, Cui Y, Deng Z, Cheng H, Zhang GW, Huard CA, Wang B, Huard J. Impaired bone defect and fracture healing in dystrophin/utrophin double-knockout mice and the mechanism. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5269-5282. [PMID: 33042418 PMCID: PMC7540103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of muscle damage in bone defect healing using skull and tibial double-defect and tibial fracture models in dystrophin-/-/Utrophin-/- double-knockout (dKO-Hom) mice. The skull and tibia bone defect and fracture healing was monitored using micro-CT, histology, immuohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. We found the skull defect healing is not impaired while the tibial defect healing was delayed at day 7 in the dKO-Hom group compared to wild-type (WT) group as revealed by micro-CT. Mechanistically, the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts significantly decreased in the defect area in dKO-Hom group compared to WT group on day 21. DKO-Hom mice showed higher mortality after fracture (6/12) and significantly impaired fracture healing compared to the other groups as revealed by the micro-CT parameters of the calluses. Histology showed higher osteoclast number in the calluses of dKO-Hom mice than other groups. Furthermore, dKO-Hom mice showed down-regulation of 15-Pgdh, Il-4, Bmp7, and Bmp9 at 10 days after tibia fracture and BMP6 and 7 in the muscle. In conclusion, the long bone defect and fracture healing are impaired in dKO-Hom mice which demonstrated significantly muscle sarcopenia and related with disturbance of osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. The impaired tibial fracture healing was associated with down-regulation of several genes in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, The Steadman Philippon Research InstituteVail, CO, USA
| | - Xuying Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Amra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA
| | - Greg W Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA
| | - Charles A Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, The Steadman Philippon Research InstituteVail, CO, USA
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3
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Zhou C, Ye C, Zhao C, Liao J, Li Y, Chen H, Huang W. A Composite Tissue Engineered Bone Material Consisting of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 (BMP9) Gene Lentiviral Vector, and P3HB4HB Thermogel (BMSCs-LV-BMP9-P3HB4HB) Repairs Calvarial Skull Defects in Rats by Expression of Osteogenic Factors. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924666. [PMID: 32894745 PMCID: PMC7496453 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone tissue engineering has been proven to be an appropriate approach for treating bone defects. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of a composite tissue engineered bone material consisting of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP9) gene lentiviral vector, and P3HB4HB thermogel (BMSCs-LV-BMP9-P3HB4HB) on calvarial skull defects in rats. Material/Methods LV-BMP9 viral vector was structured and infected to BMSCs-P3HB4HB composite scaffold, which was named as BMSCs-P3HB4HB composite bone repair material. Adipogenic differentiation was determined by oil-red O (ORO) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Osteogenic differentiation was measured using Alizarin red staining. Cell viability was examined using Cell-Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Protein expression of osteogenic factors, including BMP9, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and osterix (OSX), was detected with Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. mRNA of these osteogenic factors was examined by RT-PCR. Histological changes were examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining. Bone repair was measured using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Results BMSCs and LV-BMP9-infected BMSCs demonstrated adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. BMSCs-P3HB4HB scaffold demonstrated good cell-tissue compatibility. BMSCs-LV-BMP9-P3HB4HB exhibited significantly higher osteogenic ability and cell viability of BMSCs compared to BMSCs-LV-P3HB4HB (p<0.05). BMSCs-LV-BMP9-P3HB4HB significantly promoted osteogenic factors (RUNX2, OCN, OPN, and OSX) expression compared to the BMSCs-LV-P3HB4HB group (p<0.05) in both BMSCs and in calvarial defect rats. BMSCs-LV-BMP9-P3HB4HB demonstrated stronger repair ability. BMSCs-LV-BMP9-P3HB4HB significantly alleviated pathological injury and increased collagen fiber production compared to the BMSCs-LV-P3HB4HB group (p<0.05). Conclusions BMSCs-LV-BMP9-P3HB4HB composite bone repair material can effectively repair injured skull tissues of calvarial defect rats through triggering osteogenic factors expression. The present generated bone repair material may have applications in tissue engineering in regeneration of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Junyi Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yuwan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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4
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Cao Y, Tan Q, Li J, Wang J. Bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 6, and 9 differentially regulate the osteogenic differentiation of immortalized preodontoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9750. [PMID: 32756815 PMCID: PMC7413614 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our study attempted to compare the efficacies of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2, 6, and 9 in inducing osteogenic differentiation of preodontoblasts (PDBs). We immortalized PDBs by introducing a reversible SV40 T antigen-based immortalization system. Cell proliferation capability was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of BMP2, 6, and 9 on the osteogenic differentiation of immortalized preodontoblasts (iPDBs) were measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays and alizarin red S staining. The expression of osteogenic markers was evaluated by semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. To assess ectopic bone formation, rat-derived iPDBs were transfected in culture with adenoviral vectors designated Ad-BMP2, 6, and 9 and subcutaneously or intramuscularly injected into mice. Several BMPs retained endogenous expression in PDBs and regulated the mRNA expression of mineralized tissue-associated proteins. ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation were significantly increased in the Ad-BMP9-transfected group relative to the control group. In addition, the most significant hard tissue formation was in this group. The results indicated that BMP signaling was involved in the osteogenic differentiation of iPDBs. BMP9 could be an efficacious accelerant of the osteogenic differentiation of iPDBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Cao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tan
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Durham EL, Kishinchand R, Grey ZJ, Cray JJ. rhBMP2 alone does not induce macrophage polarization towards an increased inflammatory response. Mol Immunol 2019; 117:94-100. [PMID: 31759326 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Once thought to have revolutionized therapeutic intervention in surgery, Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (rhBMP2) is now in its second decade of sustained controversy over the side effects associated with its use. Side effects associated with clinical use of rhBMP2 (Infuse, Medtronic Inc) include a marked inflammatory response, pain, therapeutic failures, ectopic bone, tissue degradation, and death. What is missing, despite the depth of literature on the subject, is a direct interrogation of rhBMP2, specifically for inflammation. Here we set out to determine if rhBMP2 alters traditional macrophage markers associated with pro-inflammatory responses, and pro-reparative responses to injury. Based on our previous work, we hypothesized there would be no direct effect of the peptide on macrophage polarization. Here we utilized commercially available murine macrophages, RAW 264.7, and treated these cells with rhBMP2 in standard growth media or macrophage polarizing media (M1 and M2) at several doses of the peptide. Our readouts were cell viability, apoptosis, gene expression of M1 and M2 markers, and ELISA for M1 marker iNOS, and M2 marker Arg1. Our data give very little evidence to support an alteration in macrophage phenotype by rhBMP2 alone, or alteration of the phenotype when cultured in enriched M1 or M2 media. These results further suggest that other factors associated with the clinical use of Infuse, likely supraphysiological rhBMP2 doses and off label usage, are more likely the culprit for poor outcomes. This further reinforces the utility of rhBMP2 and other peptides in tissue engineering therapies when conditions are tightly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rajiv Kishinchand
- Division of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 279 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zachary J Grey
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - James J Cray
- Division of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 279 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, USA.
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6
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Bone mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ovariectomized osteoporotic rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:556. [PMID: 31747888 PMCID: PMC6868739 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have found that bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were capable of self-replication, multi-differentiation, and regeneration. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of BMSC therapy for ovariectomized rats. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Chinese Sinomed databases were searched systematically from their initiation date to October 5, 2018. Two researchers independently screened the literatures, which used the bone mineral density (BMD), total bone volume by total tissue volume (BV/TV) (%), and trabecular thickness/spacing (Tb/Sp) as the outcome measures. Results Five eligible studies were selected. In the BMSC treatment groups, the BMD values and normalized BV/TV values remarkably increased. In addition, in the BMSCs plus other treatment groups, the BMD and Tb/Sp values significantly increased. Conclusion This study showed that BMSCs could accelerate callus maturity, ossification and restore mechanical properties of bones in osteoporotic fractures.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in gene therapy as a treatment for bone regeneration. While most fractures heal spontaneously, patients who present with fracture nonunion suffer from prolonged pain, disability, and often require additional operations to regain musculoskeletal function. RECENT FINDINGS In the last few years, BMP gene delivery by means of electroporation and sonoporation resulted in repair of nonunion bone defects in mice, rats, and minipigs. Ex vivo transfection of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) resulted in bone regeneration following implantation in vertebral defects of minipigs. Sustained release of VEGF gene from a collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold to the mandible of a human patient was shown to be safe and osteoinductive. In conclusion, gene therapy methods for bone regeneration are systematically becoming more efficient and show proof-of-concept in clinically relevant animal models. Yet, on the pathway to clinical use, more investigation is needed to determine the safety aspects of the various techniques in terms of biodistribution, toxicity, and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Shapiro
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphael Lieber
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP-8304, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., AHSP-8304, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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8
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Souza AT, Bezerra BL, Oliveira FS, Freitas GP, Bighetti Trevisan RL, Oliveira PT, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. Effect of bone morphogenetic protein 9 on osteoblast differentiation of cells grown on titanium with nanotopography. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8441-8449. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alann T.P. Souza
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Barbara L.S. Bezerra
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Fabiola S. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gileade P. Freitas
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Rayana L. Bighetti Trevisan
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Paulo T. Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Adalberto L. Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marcio M. Beloti
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
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Alexander SP, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Marrion NV, Peters JA, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Davies JA. THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Catalytic receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174 Suppl 1:S225-S271. [PMID: 29055036 PMCID: PMC5650661 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13876/full. Catalytic receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2017, and supersedes data presented in the 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature Committee of the Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ph Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Neil V Marrion
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Christopher Southan
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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10
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Alexander SP, Kelly E, Marrion NV, Peters JA, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Davies JA. THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Transporters. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174 Suppl 1:S360-S446. [PMID: 29055035 PMCID: PMC5650669 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13883/full. Transporters are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2017, and supersedes data presented in the 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature Committee of the Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ph Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Neil V Marrion
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Christopher Southan
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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11
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Nie L, Yang X, Duan L, Huang E, Pengfei Z, Luo W, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Qiu Y, Cai T, Li C. The healing of alveolar bone defects with novel bio-implants composed of Ad-BMP9-transfected rDFCs and CHA scaffolds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6373. [PMID: 28743897 PMCID: PMC5527078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells, scaffolds, and growth factors play important roles in bone regeneration. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a member of BMP family, could facilitate osteogenesis by regulating growth factors and promoting angiogenesis. Similar to other stem cells, rat dental follicle stem cells (rDFCs), the precursor cells of cementoblasts, osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells, can self-renew and exhibit multipotential capacity. Coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) has good biocompatibility and conductivity required for bone tissue engineering. Here, we reported that BMP9 could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of rDFCs in cell culture. Moreover, our results suggested that BMP9 acted through the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. We also produced a novel scaffold that encompasses bio-degradable CHA seeded with recombinant adenoviruses expressing BMP9-transfected rDFCs (Ad-BMP9-transfected rDFCs). With this implant, we achieved more alveolar bone regeneration in the alveolar bone defect compared to blank group, CHA group and rDFCs group. Our results provided a novel bio-implants composed of Ad-BMP9-transfected rDFCs and CHA scaffolds and its mechanism is regarding the activation of Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway in BMP9-induced rDFCs osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Nie
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Enyi Huang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Zhou Pengfei
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xingqi Zeng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Conghua Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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12
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Shahi M, Peymani A, Sahmani M. Regulation of Bone Metabolism. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 5:73-82. [PMID: 28367467 PMCID: PMC5346273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is formed through the processes of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. In endochondral ossification primary mesenchymal cells differentiate to chondrocytes and then are progressively substituted by bone, while in intramembranous ossification mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate directly into osteoblasts to form bone. The steps of osteogenic proliferation, differentiation, and bone homeostasis are controlled by various markers and signaling pathways. Bone needs to be remodeled to maintain integrity with osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, and osteoclasts, which are bone-degrading cells.In this review we considered the major factors and signaling pathways in bone formation; these include fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), wingless-type (Wnt) genes, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteoblast-specific transcription factor (osterix or OSX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Amir Peymani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Sahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of
Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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13
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Discussion: Regeneration of Vascularized Corticocancellous Bone and Diploic Space Using Muscle-Derived Stem Cells: A Translational Biologic Alternative for Healing Critical Bone Defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:908-909. [PMID: 28350670 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Wu N, Li R, Meng Z, Nie M, Chen Q, He B, Deng Z, Yin L. All-trans retinoic acid restored the osteogenic ability of BMP9 in osteosarcoma through the p38 MAPK pathway. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1363-1371. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9 Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via the JNK Pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169123. [PMID: 28052093 PMCID: PMC5214565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) shows great osteoinductive potential in bone regeneration. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) with multi-differentiation capability and low immunogenicity are increasingly used as seed cells for periodontal regenerative therapies. In the present study, we investigated the potent osteogenic activity of BMP9 on human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs), in which the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is possibly involved. Our results showed that JNK inhibition by the specific inhibitor SP600125 or adenovirus expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting JNK (AdR-si-JNK) significantly decreased BMP9-induced gene and protein expression of early and late osteogenic markers, such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN), in hPDLSCs. We also confirmed the in-vivo positive effect of JNKs on ectopic bone formation induced by hPDLSCs injected into the musculature of athymic nude mice and BMP9 ex vivo gene delivery. For the cellular mechanism, we found that BMP9 activated the phosphorylation of JNKs and Smad2/3, and that JNKs may engage in cross-talk with the Smad2/3 pathway in BMP9-mediated osteogenesis.
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16
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Emadedin M, Labibzadeh N, Fazeli R, Mohseni F, Hosseini SE, Moghadasali R, Mardpour S, Azimian V, Goodarzi A, Ghorbani Liastani M, Mirazimi Bafghi A, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Aghdami N. Percutaneous Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Implantation Is Safe for Reconstruction of Human Lower Limb Long Bone Atrophic Nonunion. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 19:159-165. [PMID: 28367426 PMCID: PMC5241512 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective Nonunion is defined as a minimum of a 9-month period of time since an injury
with no visibly progressive signs of healing for 3 months. Recent studies show that application
of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the laboratory setting is effective for bone
regeneration. Animal studies have shown that MSCs can be used to treat nonunions. For
the first time in an Iranian population, the present study investigated the safety of MSC
implantation to treat human lower limb long bone nonunion.
Materials and Methods It is a prospective clinical trial for evaluating the safety of using
autologus bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells for treating nonunion. Orthopedic
surgeons evaluated 12 patients with lower limb long bone nonunion for participation in this
study. From these, 5 complied with the eligibility criteria and received MSCs. Under fluoroscopic
guidance, patients received a one-time implantation of 20-50×106 MSCs into the nonunion site.
All patients were followed by anterior-posterior and lateral X-rays from the affected limb, in addition
to hematological, biochemical, and serological laboratory tests obtained before and 1, 3, 6,
and 12 months after the implantation. Possible adverse effects that included local or systemic,
serious or non-serious, and related or unrelated effects were recorded during this time period.
Results From a safety perspective, all patients tolerated the MSCs implantation during
the 12 months of the trial. Three patients had evidence of bony union based on the after
implantation Xrays.
Conclusion The results have suggested that implantation of bone marrow-derived MSCs
is a safe treatment for nonunion. A double-blind, controlled clinical trial is required to assess
the efficacy of this treatment (Registration Number: NCT01206179).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Emadedin
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Labibzadeh
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Fazeli
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohseni
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Esmat Hosseini
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soura Mardpour
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Azimian
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Goodarzi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maede Ghorbani Liastani
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mirazimi Bafghi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Wang T, Wang P, Cao Z, Wang X, Wang D, Shen Y, Jing D, Luo E, Tang W. Effects of BMP9 and pulsed electromagnetic fields on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 38:63-77. [PMID: 27859405 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Stomatology; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Stomatology; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Zhizhong Cao
- Department of Stomatology; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Department of Stomatology; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Dalin Wang
- Department of Stomatology; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Yaxian Shen
- Department of Stomatology; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Weizhong Tang
- Department of Stomatology; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
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18
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Labibzadeh N, Emadedin M, Fazeli R, Mohseni F, Hosseini SE, Moghadasali R, Mardpour S, Azimian V, Ghorbani Liastani M, Mirazimi Bafghi A, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Aghdami N. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Implantation in Combination with Platelet Lysate Product Is Safe for Reconstruction of Human Long Bone Nonunion. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:302-309. [PMID: 27602311 PMCID: PMC5011317 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Nonunion is defined as a minimum of 9 months since injury without any visible progressive signs of healing for 3 months. Recent literature has shown that the application of mesenchymal stromal cells is safe, in vitro and in vivo,
for treating long bone nonunion. The present
study was performed to investigate the safety of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) implantation
in combination with platelet lysate (PL) product for treating human long bone nonunion.
Materials and Methods In this case series clinical trial, orthopedic surgeons visited
eighteen patients with long bone nonunion, of whom 7 complied with the eligibility criteria. These patients received mesenchymal stromal cells (20 million cells implanted once
into the nonunion site using a fluoroscopic guide) in combination with PL product. For
evaluation of the effects of this intervention all the patients were followed up by taking
anterior-posterior and lateral X-rays of the affected limb before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months
after the implantation. All side effects (local or systemic, serious or non-serious, related or
unrelated) were observed during this time period.
Results From a safety perspective the MSC implantation in combination with PL was
very well tolerated during the 12 months of the trial. Four patients were healed; based on
the control Xray evidence, bony union had occurred.
Conclusion Results from the present study suggest that the implantation of bone marrow-derived MSCs in combination with PL is safe for the treatment of nonunion. A double
blind, controlled clinical trial is required to assess the efficacy of this treatment (Registration Number: NCT01206179).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nasser Aghdami
- P.O.Box: 16635-148Department of Regenerative BiomedicineCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyACECRTehranIran
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19
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Chen TY, Tai JH, Ko CY, Hsieh CH, Chen CC, Jiao N, Liu HB, Shiah FK. Nutrient pulses driven by internal solitary waves enhance heterotrophic bacterial growth in the South China Sea. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4312-4323. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Yueh Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hua Tai
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Ko
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih-hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Chen
- Department of Life Science; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Division of Life Sciences; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong, China
| | - Fuh-Kwo Shiah
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelong Taiwan
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20
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Ye G, Li C, Xiang X, Chen C, Zhang R, Yang X, Yu X, Wang J, Wang L, Shi Q, Weng Y. Bone morphogenetic protein-9 induces PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation through the ERK and p38 signal pathways. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1065-72. [PMID: 25136261 PMCID: PMC4135228 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) with bone morphogenic ability are used to treat diseases such as periodontitis. Their treatment potential is increased when used in combination with proteins that induce osteogenic differentiation. For example, bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) has been found to have potent osteogenic activity. In the present study, PDLSCs were isolated from human periodontal membrane and infected with recombinant adenoviruses expressing BMP9 (Ad-BMP9). Levels of osteogenic markers such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) as well as mineralization ability were measured. The results showed that BMP9 promoted bone formation of PDLSCs. In other experiments, SB203580 and PD98059, which are inhibitors of p38 and ERK1/2, respectively, were used to determine if these kinases are involved in the osteogenic differentiation process. The resulting protein expression profiles and osteogenic markers of PDLSCs revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway might play an important role in the process of BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ye
- 1. Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China ; 2. The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Conghua Li
- 1. Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China ; 2. The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xuerong Xiang
- 1. Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China ; 2. The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Chu Chen
- 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Diagnostics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Diagnostics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xia Yang
- 1. Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China ; 2. The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xuesong Yu
- 1. Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China ; 2. The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- 1. Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China ; 2. The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Lan Wang
- 1. Chongqing key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China ; 2. The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Diagnostics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Diagnostics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Zhang X, Guo J, Zhou Y, Wu G. The roles of bone morphogenetic proteins and their signaling in the osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:84-92. [PMID: 23758605 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Large-size bone defects can severely compromise both aesthetics and musculoskeletal functions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)-based bone tissue engineering has recently become a promising treatment strategy for the above situation. As robust osteoinductive cytokines, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are commonly used to promote the osteogenesis of ASCs. In this process, BMP signaling plays a pivotal role. However, it remains ambiguous how the pleiotrophic BMPs are involved in the commitment of ASCs along osteogenesis instead of other lineages, such as adipogenesis. BMP receptor type-IB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Wnt5a appear to be the main switches controlling the in vitro osteogenic commitment of ASCs. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, an acute inflammatory cytokine, is reported to play an important role in mediating osteogenic commitment of ASCs in vivo. In addition, various active agents and methods have been used to enhance and accelerate the osteogenesis of ASCs through promoting BMP signaling. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of BMPs and their signaling in the osteogenesis of ASCs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , Beijing, P.R. China
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22
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Hakki SS, Bozkurt B, Hakki EE, Kayis SA, Turac G, Yilmaz I, Karaoz E. Bone morphogenetic protein-2, -6, and -7 differently regulate osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:119-30. [PMID: 23853066 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The utility of adult stem cells for bone regeneration may be an attractive alternative in the treatment of extensive injury, congenital malformations, or diseases causing large bone defects. To create an environment that is supportive of bone formation, signals from molecules such as the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are required to engineer fully viable and functional bone. We therefore determined whether BMP-2, -6, and -7 differentially regulate the (1) proliferation, (2) mineralization, and (3) mRNA expression of bone/mineralized tissue associated genes of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), which were obtained from periodontal ligament tissue of human impacted third molars. hPDLSCs from six participants were isolated and characterized using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. A real-time cell analyzer was used to evaluate the effects of BMP-2, -6, and -7 on the proliferation of hPDLSCs. hPDLSCs were treated with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing different concentrations of BMP-2, -6, and -7 (10, 25, 50, 100 ng/mL) and monitored for 264 hours. After dose-response experiments, 50 and 100 ng/mL concentrations of BMPs were used to measure bone/mineralized tissue-associated gene expression. Type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteoblastic transcription factor Runx2 mRNA expression of hPDLSCs treated with BMP-2, -6, and -7, were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. Biomineralization of hPDLSCs was assessed using von Kossa staining. This study demonstrated that BMPs at various concentrations differently regulate the proliferation, mineralization, and mRNA expression of bone/mineralized tissue associated genes in hPDLSCs. BMPs regulate hPDLSC proliferation in a time and dose-dependent manner when compared to an untreated control group. BMPs induced bone/mineralized tissue-associated gene mRNA expression and biomineralization of hPDLSCs. The most pronounced induction occurred in the BMP-6 group in the biomineralization of the hPDLSCs. Our data suggest that BMP-2, -6, and -7 are potent regulators of hPDLSC gene expression and biomineralization. Employing BMPs with hPDLSCs isolated from periodontal ligament tissues provides a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema S Hakki
- Department of Periodontology, Selcuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey
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van Baardewijk LJ, van der Ende J, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Romijn LM, Hawinkels LJAC, Sier CFM, Schipper IB. Circulating bone morphogenetic protein levels and delayed fracture healing. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2012; 37:523-7. [PMID: 23271691 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-012-1750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite adequate treatment 5-30% of bone fracture patients experience delayed union. During normal fracture union, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce healing through a sequential cascade of events. Improved fracture healing after BMP-2 or -7 supplementation in patients with impaired fracture union suggests a deficiency of one or more of these factors. We postulated that low levels of circulating BMPs may result in delayed bone healing. The aim of this study was to quantify differences in levels of circulating BMP-2, -4, -6, -7, and -9 in patients that have demonstrated normal or delayed fracture healing. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from an unselected cohort of 65 patients that had been treated for a diaphyseal tibia or femur fracture. Patients were divided into a group with fracture healing within nine months after injury and a group with delayed fracture union. BMP plasma concentrations were quantified using ELISAs and compared between these two groups. RESULTS Circulating plasma levels of BMP-2, -4, -6, and -7 did not differ between 34 patients with normal fracture healing and 31 patients with delayed fracture healing. Also the median BMP-9 plasma levels were not statistically different between the two groups of patients. However, the distribution in the patients with normal union showed a wider range (72-2496 pg/ml) compared with the delayed union group (120-816 pg/ml). CONCLUSION In general, circulating BMP concentrations are not statistically different between patients who demonstrated normal or delayed fracture healing. High circulating BMP-9 levels seem to be associated with faster fracture healing, but are apparently not decisive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens J van Baardewijk
- Department of Surgery-Traumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300, Leiden, The Netherlands
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