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Kim Y, Park WH, Suh DH, Kim K, No JH, Kim YB. Anticancer Effects of BRD4 Inhibitor in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:959. [PMID: 38473320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Efforts have been made to develop bromodomain inhibitors as cancer treatments. Sub-pathways, particularly in ovarian cancer, affected by bromodomain-containing protein (BRD) remain unclear. This study verified the antitumor effects of a new drug that can overcome OPT-0139-chemoresistance to treat ovarian cancer. A mouse xenograft model of human ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3 and OVCAR3, was used in this study. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using MTT and ATP assays. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry. BRD4 and c-Myc expression and apoptosis-related molecules were detected using RT-PCR and real-time PCR and Western blot. We confirmed the OPT-0139 effect and mechanism of action in epithelial ovarian cancer. OPT-0139 significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In the mouse xenograft model, significant changes in tumor growth, volume, weight, and BRD4-related gene expression were observed, suggesting the antitumor effects of BRD4 inhibitors. Combination therapy with cisplatin promoted apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest OPT-0139, a BRD4 inhibitor, as a promising anticancer drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation, decreasing cell viability, arresting cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeorae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Ha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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2
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Bou Malhab LJ, Alsafar H, Ibrahim S, Rahmani M. PROTACs: Walking through hematological malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1086946. [PMID: 36909156 PMCID: PMC9994433 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1086946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional small molecules that uses the proteasome ubiquitin system to target proteins of interest and promote their degradation with remarkable selectivity. Importantly, unlike conventional small molecule inhibitors, PROTACs have proven highly effective in targeting undruggable proteins and those bearing mutations. Because of these considerations, PROTACs have increasingly become an emerging technology for the development of novel targeted anticancer therapeutics. Interestingly, many PROTACs have demonstrated a great potency and specificity in degrading several oncogenic drivers. Many of these, following extensive preclinical evaluation, have reached advanced stages of clinical testing in various cancers including hematologic malignancies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the development of PROTACs as therapeutic strategies in diverse hematological malignancies. A particular attention has been given to clinically relevant PROTACs and those targeting oncogenic mutants that drive resistance to therapies. We also discus limitations, and various considerations to optimize the design for effective PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J Bou Malhab
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Rahmani
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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3
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BRD4 Inhibitor GNE-987 Exerts Anticancer Effects by Targeting Super-Enhancer-Related Gene LYL1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7912484. [PMID: 35958877 PMCID: PMC9359861 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7912484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. AML (acute myeloid leukemia) is a common hematological malignancy in children with poor treatment effects and poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that as a novel BRD4 (bromodomain containing 4) PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimeras) degrader, GNE-987 can slow down the growth of various tumors and increase apoptosis, with promising clinical prospects. However, the function and molecular mechanism of GNE-987 in AML remain unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect of GNE-987 on AML and its underlying mechanism. Methods. The association between BRD4 and AML was assessed by studying public databases. After GNE-987 was added to AML cells, cell proliferation slowed down, the cycle was disturbed, and apoptosis increased. Western blotting was used to detect BRD2 (bromodomain containing 2), BRD3 (bromodomain containing 3), BRD4, and PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) proteins. The effect of GNE-987 on AML cells was analyzed in vivo. RNA-seq (RNA sequencing) and ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) validated the function and molecular pathways of GNE-987 in processing AML. Results. BRD4 expression was significantly elevated in pediatric AML samples compared with healthy donors. GNE-987 inhibited AML cell proliferation by inhibiting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 were consistent with decreased VHL (Von Hippel Lindau) expression in AML cells. In an AML xenograft model, GNE-987 significantly reduced the hepatosplenic infiltration of leukemia cells and increased the mouse survival time. Based on analysis of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses, GNE-987 could target multiple SE- (super-enhancer-) related genes, including LYL1 (lymphoblastic leukemia 1), to inhibit AML. Conclusions. GNE-987 had strong antitumor activity in AML. GNE-987 could effectively inhibit the expression of SE-related oncogenes including LYL1 in AML. Our results suggested that GNE-987 had broad prospects in the treatment of AML.
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Dey A, Uppal S, Giri J, Misra HS. Emerging roles of bromodomain protein 4 in regulation of stem cell identity. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1615-1624. [PMID: 34520583 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of fate decision and lineage commitment is the key step for developing novel stem cell applications in therapeutics. This process is coordinately regulated through systematic epigenetic reprogramming and concomitant changes in the transcriptional landscape of the stem cells. One of the bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) family member proteins, bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4), performs the role of epigenetic reader and modulates gene expression by recruiting other transcription factors and directly regulating RNA polymerase II elongation. Controlled gene regulation is the critical step in maintenance of stem cell potency and dysregulation may lead to tumor formation. As a key transcriptional factor and epigenetic regulator, BRD4 contributes to stem cell maintenance in several ways. Being a druggable target, BRD4 is an attractive candidate for exploiting its potential in stem cell therapeutics. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate how BRD4, through its interplay with pluripotency transcriptional regulators, control lineage commitment in stem cells. Here, we systemically review the role of BRD4 in complex gene regulatory network during three specific states of stem cell transitions: cell differentiation, cell reprogramming and transdifferentiation. A thorough understanding of BRD4 mediated epigenetic regulation in the maintenance of stem cell potency will be helpful to strategically control stem cell fates in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Dey
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sheetal Uppal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayeeta Giri
- TIFR Complex, 605 Raman, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Hari Sharan Misra
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Life Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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BRD4 PROTAC degrader ARV-825 inhibits T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by targeting 'Undruggable' Myc-pathway genes. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:230. [PMID: 33888130 PMCID: PMC8061034 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disease with a high risk of induction failure and poor outcomes, with relapse due to drug resistance. Recent studies show that bromodomains and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors are promising anti-cancer agents. ARV-825, comprising a BET inhibitor conjugated with cereblon ligand, was recently developed to attenuate the growth of multiple tumors in vitro and in vivo. However, the functional and molecular mechanisms of ARV-825 in T-ALL remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of ARV-825 in T-ALL. Methods Expression of the BRD4 were determined in pediatric T-ALL samples and differential gene expression after ARV-825 treatment was explored by RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. T-ALL cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay after ARV-825 administration. Cell cycle was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining and apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V/PI staining. BRD4, BRD3 and BRD2 proteins were detected by western blot in cells treated with ARV-825. The effect of ARV-825 on T-ALL cells was analyzed in vivo. The functional and molecular pathways involved in ARV-825 treatment of T-ALL were verified by western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results BRD4 expression was higher in pediatric T-ALL samples compared with T-cells from healthy donors. High BRD4 expression indicated a poor outcome. ARV-825 suppressed cell proliferation in vitro by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, with elevated poly-ADP ribose polymerase and cleaved caspase 3. BRD4, BRD3, and BRD2 were degraded in line with reduced cereblon expression in T-ALL cells. ARV-825 had a lower IC50 in T-ALL cells compared with JQ1, dBET1 and OTX015. ARV-825 perturbed the H3K27Ac-Myc pathway and reduced c-Myc protein levels in T-ALL cells according to RNA-seq and ChIP. In the T-ALL xenograft model, ARV-825 significantly reduced tumor growth and led to the dysregulation of Ki67 and cleaved caspase 3. Moreover, ARV-825 inhibited cell proliferation by depleting BET and c-Myc proteins in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions BRD4 indicates a poor prognosis in T-ALL. The BRD4 degrader ARV-825 can effectively suppress the proliferation and promote apoptosis of T-ALL cells via BET protein depletion and c-Myc inhibition, thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of T-ALL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01908-w.
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The Bromodomain Protein 4 Contributes to the Regulation of Alternative Splicing. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2450-2460.e5. [PMID: 31747612 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4) is an atypical kinase and histone acetyl transferase (HAT) that binds to acetylated histones and contributes to chromatin remodeling and early transcriptional elongation. During transcription, BRD4 travels with the elongation complex. Since most alternative splicing events take place co-transcriptionally, we asked if BRD4 plays a role in regulating alternative splicing. We report that distinct patterns of alternative splicing are associated with a conditional deletion of BRD4 during thymocyte differentiation in vivo. Similarly, the depletion of BRD4 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells alters patterns of splicing. Most alternatively spliced events affected by BRD4 are exon skipping. Importantly, BRD4 interacts with components of the splicing machinery, as assessed by both immunoprecipitation (IP) and proximity ligation assays (PLAs), and co-localizes on chromatin with the splicing regulator, FUS. We propose that BRD4 contributes to patterns of alternative splicing through its interaction with the splicing machinery during transcription elongation.
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7
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Adeola HA, Khumalo NP, Arowolo AT, Mehlala N. No difference in the proteome of racially and geometrically classified scalp hair sample from a South African cohort: Preliminary findings. J Proteomics 2020; 226:103892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Li X, He S, Ma B. Autophagy and autophagy-related proteins in cancer. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:12. [PMID: 31969156 PMCID: PMC6975070 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-1138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 190.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related (ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression and inhibition remains controversial, in which the numerous ATG proteins and their core complexes including ULK1/2 kinase core complex, autophagy-specific class III PI3K complex, ATG9A trafficking system, ATG12 and LC3 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, give multiple activities of autophagy pathway and are involved in autophagy initiation, nucleation, elongation, maturation, fusion and degradation. Autophagy plays a dynamic tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting role in different contexts and stages of cancer development. In the early tumorigenesis, autophagy, as a survival pathway and quality-control mechanism, prevents tumor initiation and suppresses cancer progression. Once the tumors progress to late stage and are established and subjected to the environmental stresses, autophagy, as a dynamic degradation and recycling system, contributes to the survival and growth of the established tumors and promotes aggressiveness of the cancers by facilitating metastasis. This indicates that regulation of autophagy can be used as effective interventional strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shikun He
- Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, 100044, China.,Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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9
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Pericole FV, Lazarini M, de Paiva LB, Duarte ADSS, Vieira Ferro KP, Niemann FS, Roversi FM, Olalla Saad ST. BRD4 Inhibition Enhances Azacitidine Efficacy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Front Oncol 2019; 9:16. [PMID: 30761268 PMCID: PMC6361844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell-based disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, increased genomic instability and a tendency to progress toward acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS and AML cells present genetic and epigenetic abnormalities and, due to the heterogeneity of these molecular alterations, the current treatment options remain unsatisfactory. Hypomethylating agents (HMA), especially azacitidine, are the mainstay of treatment for high-risk MDS patients and HMA are used in treating elderly AML. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of the epigenetic reader bromodomain-containing protein-4 (BRD4) in MDS and AML patients. We identified the upregulation of the short variant BRD4 in MDS and AML patients, which was associated with a worse outcome of MDS. Furthermore, the inhibition of BRD4 in vitro with JQ1 or shRNA induced leukemia cell apoptosis, especially when combined to azacitidine, and triggered the activation of the DNA damage response pathway. JQ1 and AZD6738 (a specific ATR inhibitor) also synergized to induce apoptosis in leukemia cells. Our results indicate that the BRD4-dependent transcriptional program is a defective pathway in MDS and AML pathogenesis and its inhibition induces apoptosis of leukemia cells, which is enhanced in combination with HMA or an ATR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vieira Pericole
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-Unicamp, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lazarini
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-Unicamp, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bueno de Paiva
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-Unicamp, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Silva Santos Duarte
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-Unicamp, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Priscila Vieira Ferro
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-Unicamp, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Soares Niemann
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-Unicamp, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-Unicamp, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-Unicamp, São Paulo, Brazil
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Duan Y, Guan Y, Qin W, Zhai X, Yu B, Liu H. Targeting Brd4 for cancer therapy: inhibitors and degraders. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1779-1802. [PMID: 30542529 PMCID: PMC6238758 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) plays an important role in mediating the expression of genes involved in cancers and non-cancer diseases such as inflammatory diseases and acute heart failure. Inactivating Brd4 or downregulating its expression inhibits cancer development, leading to the current interest in Brd4 as a promising anticancer drug target. Numerous Brd4 inhibitors have been studied in recent years and some of them are currently in various phases of clinical trials. Recently, selective degradation of target proteins by small bifunctional molecules (PROTACs) has emerged as an attractive drug discovery approach owing to the advantages it could offer over traditional small-molecule inhibitors. A number of Brd4 degraders have been reported and showed more efficient anticancer activities than just protein inhibition. In this review, we will discuss recent findings in the discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors and degraders that target Brd4 as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Duan
- School of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan 453003 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan 453003 , China
| | - Wenping Qin
- School of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan 453003 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- School of Pharmacy , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang , Henan 453003 , China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology , Ministry of Education of China , Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety , Institute of Drug Discovery and Development , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China . ;
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology , Ministry of Education of China , Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety , Institute of Drug Discovery and Development , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China . ;
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11
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Mei Y, Yang JP, Lang YH, Peng LX, Yang MM, Liu Q, Meng DF, Zheng LS, Qiang YY, Xu L, Li CZ, Wei WW, Niu T, Peng XS, Yang Q, Lin F, Hu H, Xu HF, Huang BJ, Wang LJ, Qian CN. Global expression profiling and pathway analysis of mouse mammary tumor reveals strain and stage specific dysregulated pathways in breast cancer progression. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:963-973. [PMID: 29712537 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1442629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is believed that the alteration of tissue microenvironment would affect cancer initiation and progression. However, little is known in terms of the underlying molecular mechanisms that would affect the initiation and progression of breast cancer. In the present study, we use two murine mammary tumor models with different speeds of tumor initiation and progression for whole genome expression profiling to reveal the involved genes and signaling pathways. The pathways regulating PI3K-Akt signaling and Ras signaling were activated in Fvb mice and promoted tumor progression. Contrastingly, the pathways regulating apoptosis and cellular senescence were activated in Fvb.B6 mice and suppressed tumor progression. We identified distinct patterns of oncogenic pathways activation at different stages of breast cancer, and uncovered five oncogenic pathways that were activated in both human and mouse breast cancers. The genes and pathways discovered in our study would be useful information for other researchers and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mei
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Jun-Ping Yang
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Yan-Hong Lang
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Ming-Ming Yang
- b Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Qing Liu
- b Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Dong-Fang Meng
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Li-Sheng Zheng
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qiang
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Liang Xu
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Wen-Wen Wei
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Ting Niu
- b Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xing-Si Peng
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Qin Yang
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Fen Lin
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Hao Hu
- d Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hong-Fa Xu
- e Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510230 , China
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- b Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- a Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China.,c Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060 , China
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12
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Xu Y, Vakoc CR. Targeting Cancer Cells with BET Bromodomain Inhibitors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a026674. [PMID: 28213432 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are often hypersensitive to the targeting of transcriptional regulators, which may reflect the deregulated gene expression programs that underlie malignant transformation. One of the most prominent transcriptional vulnerabilities in human cancer to emerge in recent years is the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins, which are coactivators that link acetylated transcription factors and histones to the activation of RNA polymerase II. Despite unclear mechanisms underlying the gene specificity of BET protein function, small molecules targeting these regulators preferentially suppress the transcription of cancer-promoting genes. As a consequence, BET inhibitors elicit anticancer activity in numerous malignant contexts at doses that can be tolerated by normal tissues, a finding supported by animal studies and by phase I clinical trials in human cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the remarkable, and often perplexing, therapeutic effects of BET bromodomain inhibition in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
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Padmanabhan B, Mathur S, Manjula R, Tripathi S. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family proteins: New therapeutic targets in major diseases. J Biosci 2017; 41:295-311. [PMID: 27240990 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomains and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins recognize acetylated chromatin through their bromodomains (BDs) and help in regulating gene expression. BDs are chromatin 'readers': by interacting with acetylated lysines on the histone tails, they recruit chromatin-regulating proteins on the promoter region to regulate gene expression and repression. Extensive efforts have been employed by scientific communities worldwide to identify and develop potential inhibitors of BET family BDs to regulate protein expression by inhibiting acetylated histone (H3/H4) interactions. Several small molecule inhibitors have been reported, which not only have high affinity but also have high specificity to BET BDs. These developments make BET family proteins an important therapeutic targets for major diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, obesity and inflammation. Here, we review and discuss the structural biology of BET family BDs and their applications in major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasundaram Padmanabhan
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
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Hong Y, Kim WJ, Bang CY, Lee JC, Oh YM. Identification of Alternative Splicing and Fusion Transcripts in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by RNA Sequencing. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2016; 79:85-90. [PMID: 27066085 PMCID: PMC4823188 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2016.79.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death. Alterations in gene sequence, structure, and expression have an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Fusion genes and alternative splicing of cancer-related genes have the potential to be oncogenic. In the current study, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate potential fusion genes and alternative splicing in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods RNA was isolated from lung tissues obtained from 86 subjects with lung cancer. The RNA samples from lung cancer and normal tissues were processed with RNA-seq using the HiSeq 2000 system. Fusion genes were evaluated using Defuse and ChimeraScan. Candidate fusion transcripts were validated by Sanger sequencing. Alternative splicing was analyzed using multivariate analysis of transcript sequencing and validated using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Results RNA-seq data identified oncogenic fusion genes EML4-ALK and SLC34A2-ROS1 in three of 86 normal-cancer paired samples. Nine distinct fusion transcripts were selected using DeFuse and ChimeraScan; of which, four fusion transcripts were validated by Sanger sequencing. In 33 squamous cell carcinoma, 29 tumor specific skipped exon events and six mutually exclusive exon events were identified. ITGB4 and PYCR1 were top genes that showed significant tumor specific splice variants. Conclusion In conclusion, RNA-seq data identified novel potential fusion transcripts and splice variants. Further evaluation of their functional significance in the pathogenesis of lung cancer is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chi Young Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chang H, Liu Y, Xue M, Liu H, Du S, Zhang L, Wang P. Synergistic action of master transcription factors controls epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:2514-27. [PMID: 26926107 PMCID: PMC4824118 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex multistep process in which phenotype switches are mediated by a network of transcription factors (TFs). Systematic characterization of all dynamic TFs controlling EMT state transitions, especially for the intermediate partial-EMT state, represents a highly relevant yet largely unexplored task. Here, we performed a computational analysis that integrated time-course EMT transcriptomic data with public cistromic data and identified three synergistic master TFs (ETS2, HNF4A and JUNB) that regulate the transition through the partial-EMT state. Overexpression of these regulators predicted a poor clinical outcome, and their elimination readily abolished TGF-β-induced EMT. Importantly, these factors utilized a clique motif, physically interact and their cumulative binding generally characterized EMT-associated genes. Furthermore, analyses of H3K27ac ChIP-seq data revealed that ETS2, HNF4A and JUNB are associated with super-enhancers and the administration of BRD4 inhibitor readily abolished TGF-β-induced EMT. These findings have implications for systematic discovery of master EMT regulators and super-enhancers as novel targets for controlling metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Chang
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Mengzhu Xue
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Haiyue Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Shaowei Du
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, PR China School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, PR China
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Alekseyenko AA, Walsh EM, Wang X, Grayson AR, Hsi PT, Kharchenko PV, Kuroda MI, French CA. The oncogenic BRD4-NUT chromatin regulator drives aberrant transcription within large topological domains. Genes Dev 2015. [PMID: 26220994 PMCID: PMC4526735 DOI: 10.1101/gad.267583.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a subtype of squamous cell cancer, is one of the most aggressive human solid malignancies known. NMC is driven by the creation of a translocation oncoprotein, BRD4-NUT, which blocks differentiation and drives growth of NMC cells. BRD4-NUT forms distinctive nuclear foci in patient tumors, which we found correlate with ∼100 unprecedented, hyperacetylated expanses of chromatin that reach up to 2 Mb in size. These "megadomains" appear to be the result of aberrant, feed-forward loops of acetylation and binding of acetylated histones that drive transcription of underlying DNA in NMC patient cells and naïve cells induced to express BRD4-NUT. Megadomain locations are typically cell lineage-specific; however, the cMYC and TP63 regions are targeted in all NMCs tested and play functional roles in tumor growth. Megadomains appear to originate from select pre-existing enhancers that progressively broaden but are ultimately delimited by topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries. Therefore, our findings establish a basis for understanding the powerful role played by large-scale chromatin organization in normal and aberrant lineage-specific gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom A Alekseyenko
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Erica M Walsh
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Adlai R Grayson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter T Hsi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Hematology/Oncology Program, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mitzi I Kuroda
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher A French
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Baptissart M, Vega A, Martinot E, Volle DH. Male fertility: Is spermiogenesis the critical step for answering biomedical issues? SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 3:e24114. [PMID: 23885302 PMCID: PMC3710220 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regarding male fertility, biomedical issues have opposite goals to treat infertility or develop contraceptive drugs. Recently, the identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in germ cell differentiation suggest that spermiogenesis has to be put at the crossroad to reach these goals. Concerning fertility issues, citizens in our modern world are schizophrenic. On one side, couples have the possibility to control conception; and on the other side, more and more couples suffer from the misfortune of being infertile. These two societal problems lead to intensive research and conflicting government policies. However, these opposing goals rely on a better understanding of germ cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Baptissart
- Inserm U 1103; Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD); F-63177 AUBIERE, France ; Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal; GReD, BP 10448; F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France ; CNRS; UMR 6293; GReD; F-63177 AUBIERE, France ; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne; F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
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Hu X, Lu X, Liu R, Ai N, Cao Z, Li Y, Liu J, Yu B, Liu K, Wang H, Zhou C, Wang Y, Han A, Ding F, Chen R. Histone cross-talk connects protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) pathways to regulate the functional transition of bromodomain-containing 4 (BRD4) for inducible gene expression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23154-23167. [PMID: 24939842 PMCID: PMC4132813 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription elongation has been recognized as a rate-limiting step for the expression of signal-inducible genes. Through recruitment of positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb, the bromodomain-containing protein BRD4 plays critical roles in regulating the transcription elongation of a vast array of inducible genes that are important for multiple cellular processes. The diverse biological roles of BRD4 have been proposed to rely on its functional transition between chromatin targeting and transcription regulation. The signaling pathways and the molecular mechanism for regulating this transition process, however, are largely unknown. Here, we report a novel role of phosphorylated Ser(10) of histone H3 (H3S10ph) in governing the functional transition of BRD4. We identified that the acetylated lysines 5 and 8 of nucleosomal histone H4 (H4K5ac/K8ac) is the BRD4 binding site, and the protein phosphatase PP1α and class I histone deacetylase (HDAC1/2/3) signaling pathways are essential for the stress-induced BRD4 release from chromatin. In the unstressed state, phosphorylated H3S10 prevents the deacetylation of nucleosomal H4K5ac/K8ac by HDAC1/2/3, thereby locking up the majority of BRD4 onto chromatin. Upon stress, PP1α-mediated dephosphorylation of H3S10ph allows the deacetylation of nucleosomal H4K5ac/K8ac by HDAC1/2/3, thereby leading to the release of chromatin-bound BRD4 for subsequent recruitment of P-TEFb to enhance the expression of inducible genes. Therefore, our study revealed a novel mechanism that the histone cross-talk between H3S10ph and H4K5ac/K8ac connects PP1α and HDACs to govern the functional transition of BRD4. Combined with previous studies on the regulation of P-TEFb activation, the intricate signaling network for the tight control of transcription elongation is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Runzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Nanping Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Zhenhua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Yannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Jiangfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Aidong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Feng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
| | - Ruichuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China.
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De Meulder B, Berger F, Bareke E, Depiereux S, Michiels C, Depiereux E. Meta-analysis and gene set analysis of archived microarrays suggest implication of the spliceosome in metastatic and hypoxic phenotypes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86699. [PMID: 24497970 PMCID: PMC3908947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose to make use of the wealth of underused DNA chip data available in public repositories to study the molecular mechanisms behind the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxic conditions leading to the metastatic phenotype. We have developed new bioinformatics tools and adapted others to identify with maximum sensitivity those genes which are expressed differentially across several experiments. The comparison of two analytical approaches, based on either Over Representation Analysis or Functional Class Scoring, by a meta-analysis-based approach, led to the retrieval of known information about the biological situation - thus validating the model - but also more importantly to the discovery of the previously unknown implication of the spliceosome, the cellular machinery responsible for mRNA splicing, in the development of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand De Meulder
- Microorganism Biology Research Unit -NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Berger
- Microorganism Biology Research Unit -NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Bareke
- Sainte Justine University Hospital Center Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophie Depiereux
- Environmental and Evolutional Research Unit, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Cellular Biology Research Unit - NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric Depiereux
- Microorganism Biology Research Unit -NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Brd4 and HEXIM1: multiple roles in P-TEFb regulation and cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:232870. [PMID: 24592384 PMCID: PMC3925632 DOI: 10.1155/2014/232870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) and hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1) are two opposing regulators of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which is the master modulator of RNA polymerase II during transcriptional elongation. While Brd4 recruits P-TEFb to promoter-proximal chromatins to activate transcription, HEXIM1 sequesters P-TEFb into an inactive complex containing the 7SK small nuclear RNA. Besides regulating P-TEFb's transcriptional activity, recent evidence demonstrates that both Brd4 and HEXIM1 also play novel roles in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. Here we will discuss the current knowledge on Brd4 and HEXIM1 and their implication as novel therapeutic options against cancer.
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Johnsen SA. The enigmatic role of H2Bub1 in cancer. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1592-601. [PMID: 22564770 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of histone proteins plays an important role in controlling cell fate by directing essentially all DNA-associated nuclear processes. Misregulation and mutation of histone modifying enzymes is a hallmark of tumorigenesis. However, how these different epigenetic modifications lead to tumor initiation and/or progression remains poorly understood. Recent studies have uncovered a potential tumor suppressor role for histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1). Like many other histone modifications, H2Bub1 has diverse functions and plays roles both in transcriptional activation and repression as well as in controlling mRNA processing and directing DNA repair processes. Notably, H2Bub1 has been linked to transcriptional elongation and is preferentially found in the transcribed region of active genes. Its activity is intimately connected to active transcription and the transcriptional elongation regulatory protein cyclin-dependent kinase-9 (CDK9) and the facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of H2Bub1 function in mammalian systems with a particular emphasis on its role in cancer and potential options for exploiting this knowledge for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Johnsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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