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Wuttisarnwattana P, Eid S, Wilson DL, Cooke KR. Assessment of therapeutic role of mesenchymal stromal cells in mouse models of graft-versus-host disease using cryo-imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1698. [PMID: 36717650 PMCID: PMC9886911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insights regarding the biodistribution and homing of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), as well as their interaction with alloreactive T-cells are critical for understanding how MSCs can regulate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic (allo) bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We developed novel assays based on 3D, microscopic, cryo-imaging of whole-mouse-sized volumes to assess the therapeutic potential of human MSCs using an established mouse GVHD model. Following infusion, we quantitatively tracked fluorescently labeled, donor-derived, T-cells and third party MSCs in BMT recipients using multispectral cryo-imaging. Specific MSC homing sites were identified in the marginal zones in the spleen and the lymph nodes, where we believe MSC immunomodulation takes place. The number of MSCs found in spleen of the allo BMT recipients was about 200% more than that observed in the syngeneic group. To more carefully define the effects MSCs had on T cell activation and expansion, we developed novel T-cell proliferation assays including secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) enlargement and Carboxyfluoescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution. As anticipated, significant SLO volume enlargement and CFSE dilution was observed in allo but not syn BMT recipients due to rapid proliferation and expansion of labeled T-cells. MSC treatment markedly attenuated CFSE dilution and volume enlargement of SLO. These assays confirm evidence of potent, in vivo, immunomodulatory properties of MSC following allo BMT. Our innovative platform includes novel methods for tracking cells of interest as well as assessing therapeutic function of MSCs during GVHD induction. Our results support the use of MSCs treatment or prevention of GVHD and illuminate the wider adoption of MSCs as a standard medicinal cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patiwet Wuttisarnwattana
- Optimization Theory and Applications for Engineering Systems Research Group, Department of Computer Engineering, Excellence Center in Infrastructure Technology and Transportation Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Saada Eid
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David L Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Cooke
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Metheny L, Eid S, Wuttisarnwattana P, Auletta JJ, Liu C, Van Dervort A, Paez C, Lee Z, Wilson D, Lazarus HM, Deans R, Vant Hof W, Ktena Y, Cooke KR. Human multipotent adult progenitor cells effectively reduce graft-vs-host disease while preserving graft-vs-leukemia activity. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1506-1519. [PMID: 34255899 PMCID: PMC8596993 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Graft‐vs‐host disease (GvHD) limits successful outcomes following allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (allo‐BMT). We examined whether the administration of human, bone marrow‐derived, multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs™) could regulate experimental GvHD. The immunoregulatory capacity of MAPC cells was evaluated in vivo using established murine GvHD models. Injection of MAPC cells on day +1 (D1) and +4 (D4) significantly reduced T‐cell expansion and the numbers of donor‐derived, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) and Interferon Gamma (IFNγ)‐producing, CD4+ and CD8+ cells by D10 compared with untreated controls. These findings were associated with reductions in serum levels of TNFα and IFNγ, intestinal and hepatic inflammation and systemic GvHD as measured by survival and clinical score. Biodistribution studies showed that MAPC cells tracked from the lung and to the liver, spleen, and mesenteric nodes within 24 hours after injection. MAPC cells inhibited mouse T‐cell proliferation in vitro and this effect was associated with reduced T‐cell activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion and robust increases in the concentrations of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ). Indomethacin and E‐prostanoid 2 (EP2) receptor antagonism both reversed while EP2 agonism restored MAPC cell‐mediated in vitro T‐cell suppression, confirming the role for PGE2. Furthermore, cyclo‐oxygenase inhibition following allo‐BMT abrogated the protective effects of MAPC cells. Importantly, MAPC cells had no effect on the generation cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in vitro, and the administration of MAPC cells in the setting of leukemic challenge resulted in superior leukemia‐free survival. Collectively, these data provide valuable information regarding the biodistribution and regulatory capacity of MAPC cells, which may inform future clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland Metheny
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Saada Eid
- Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Patiwet Wuttisarnwattana
- Department of Computer EngineeringChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering CenterChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Jeffery J. Auletta
- Host Defense Program, Hematology, Oncology, and Infectious DiseasesNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Alana Van Dervort
- Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Conner Paez
- Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - ZhengHong Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - David Wilson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | | | | | - Yiouli Ktena
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth R. Cooke
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Wuttisarnwattana P, Eid S, Gargesha M, Cooke KR, Wilson DL. Cryo-imaging of Stem Cell Biodistribution in Mouse Model of Graft-Versus-Host-Disease. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:1702-1711. [PMID: 32103369 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the use of multispectral cryo-imaging and software to analyze human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) biodistribution in mouse models of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We injected quantum dot labeled MSCs via tail vein to mice receiving BMT and analyzed hMSC biodistribution in major organs (e.g. lung, liver, spleen, kidneys and bone marrow). We compared the biodistribution of hMSCs in mice following allogeneic BMT recipients (with GVHD) to the biodistribution following syngeneic BMT (without GVHD). Cryo-imaging system revealed cellular biodistribution and redistribution patterns in the animal model. We initially found clusters of cells in the lung that eventually dissociated to single cells and redistributed to other organs within 72 h. The in vivo half-life of the exogenous MSCs was about 21 h. We found that the biodistribution of stromal cells was not related to blood flow, rather cells preferentially homed to specific organs. In conclusion, cryo-imaging was suitable for analyzing the cellular biodistribution. It could provide capabilities of visualizing cells anywhere in the mouse model with single cell sensitivity. By characterizing the biodistribution and anatomical specificity of a therapeutic cellular product, we believe that cryo-imaging can play an important role in the advancement of stem and stromal cell therapies and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patiwet Wuttisarnwattana
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Saada Eid
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Kenneth R Cooke
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David L Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wuttisarnwattana P, Gargesha M, Hof WV, Cooke KR, Wilson DL. Automatic Stem Cell Detection in Microscopic Whole Mouse Cryo-Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:819-29. [PMID: 26552080 PMCID: PMC4873963 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2497285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With its single cell sensitivity over volumes as large as or larger than a mouse, cryo-imaging enables imaging of stem cell biodistribution, homing, engraftment, and molecular mechanisms. We developed and evaluated a highly automated software tool to detect fluorescently labeled stem cells within very large ( ∼ 200 GB) cryo-imaging datasets. Cell detection steps are: preprocess, remove immaterial regions, spatially filter to create features, identify candidate pixels, classify pixels using bagging decision trees, segment cell patches, and perform 3D labeling. There are options for analysis and visualization. To train the classifier, we created synthetic images by placing realistic digital cell models onto cryo-images of control mice devoid of cells. Very good cell detection results were (precision=98.49%, recall=99.97%) for synthetic cryo-images, (precision=97.81%, recall=97.71%) for manually evaluated, actual cryo-images, and false positives in control mice. An α-multiplier applied to features allows one to correct for experimental variations in cell brightness due to labeling. On dim cells (37% of standard brightness), with correction, we improved recall (49.26%→ 99.36%) without a significant drop in precision (99.99%→ 99.75%) . With tail vein injection, multipotent adult progenitor cells in a graft-versus-host-disease model in the first days post injection were predominantly found in lung, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Distribution was not simply related to blood flow. The lung contained clusters of cells while other tissues contained single cells. Our methods provided stem cell distribution anywhere in mouse with single cell sensitivity. Methods should provide a rational means of evaluating dosing, delivery methods, cell enhancements, and mechanisms for therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patiwet Wuttisarnwattana
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, and Biomedical Engineering Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Wouter van’t Hof
- Cell Processing Facility, Cleveland Cord Blood Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Cooke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David L. Wilson
- D.L. Wilson is with Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA and BioInVision, Inc., Mayfield Village, OH, USA
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Eck BL, Fahmi R, Levi J, Fares A, Wu H, Li Y, Vembar M, Dhanantwari A, Bezerra HG, Wilson DL. Comparison of quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging CT to fluorescent microsphere-based flow from high-resolution cryo-images. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9788:97882F. [PMID: 29568147 PMCID: PMC5859322 DOI: 10.1117/12.2217027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial perfusion imaging using CT (MPI-CT) has the potential to provide quantitative measures of myocardial blood flow (MBF) which can aid the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. We evaluated the quantitative accuracy of MPI-CT in a porcine model of balloon-induced LAD coronary artery ischemia guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR). We quantified MBF at baseline (FFR=1.0) and under moderate ischemia (FFR=0.7) using MPI-CT and compared to fluorescent microsphere-based MBF from high-resolution cryo-images. Dynamic, contrast-enhanced CT images were obtained using a spectral detector CT (Philips Healthcare). Projection-based mono-energetic images were reconstructed and processed to obtain MBF. Three MBF quantification approaches were evaluated: singular value decomposition (SVD) with fixed Tikhonov regularization (ThSVD), SVD with regularization determined by the L-Curve criterion (LSVD), and Johnson-Wilson parameter estimation (JW). The three approaches over-estimated MBF compared to cryo-images. JW produced the most accurate MBF, with average error 33.3±19.2mL/min/100g, whereas LSVD and ThSVD had greater over-estimation, 59.5±28.3mL/min/100g and 78.3±25.6 mL/min/100g, respectively. Relative blood flow as assessed by a flow ratio of LAD-to-remote myocardium was strongly correlated between JW and cryo-imaging, with R2=0.97, compared to R2=0.88 and 0.78 for LSVD and ThSVD, respectively. We assessed tissue impulse response functions (IRFs) from each approach for sources of error. While JW was constrained to physiologic solutions, both LSVD and ThSVD produced IRFs with non-physiologic properties due to noise. The L-curve provided noise-adaptive regularization but did not eliminate non-physiologic IRF properties or optimize for MBF accuracy. These findings suggest that model-based MPI-CT approaches may be more appropriate for quantitative MBF estimation and that cryo-imaging can support the development of MPI-CT by providing spatial distributions of MBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L Eck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rachid Fahmi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jacob Levi
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anas Fares
- Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuemeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mani Vembar
- Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH 44143, USA
| | | | - Hiram G Bezerra
- Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - David L Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Auletta JJ, Eid SK, Wuttisarnwattana P, Silva I, Metheny L, Keller MD, Guardia-Wolff R, Liu C, Wang F, Bowen T, Lee Z, Solchaga LA, Ganguly S, Tyler M, Wilson DL, Cooke KR. Human mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate graft-versus-host disease and maintain graft-versus-leukemia activity following experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:601-14. [PMID: 25336340 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We sought to define the effects and underlying mechanisms of human, marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) on graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) activity. Irradiated B6D2F1 mice given C57BL/6 BM and splenic T cells and treated with hMSCs had reduced systemic GvHD, donor T-cell expansion, and serum TNFα and IFNγ levels. Bioluminescence imaging demonstrated that hMSCs redistributed from lungs to abdominal organs within 72 hours, and target tissues harvested from hMSC-treated allogeneic BMT (alloBMT) mice had less GvHD than untreated controls. Cryoimaging more precisely revealed that hMSCs preferentially distributed to splenic marginal zones and regulated T-cell expansion in the white pulp. Importantly, hMSCs had no effect on in vitro cytotoxic T-cell activity and preserved potent GvL effects in vivo. Mixed leukocyte cultures containing hMSCs exhibited decreased T-cell proliferation, reduced TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-10 but increased PGE2 levels. Indomethacin and E-prostanoid 2 (EP2) receptor antagonisms both reversed while EP2 agonism restored hMSC-mediated in vitro T-cell suppression, confirming the role for PGE2 . Furthermore, cyclo-oxygenase inhibition following alloBMT abrogated the protective effects of hMSCs. Together, our data show that hMSCs preserve GvL activity and attenuate GvHD and reveal that hMSC biodistribute to secondary lymphoid organs wherein they attenuate alloreactive T-cell proliferation likely through PGE2 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery J Auletta
- Host Defense Program, Hematology/Oncology/BMT and Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Wu CG, Zhang JC, Xie CQ, Parolini O, Silini A, Huang YZ, Lian B, Zhang M, Huang YC, Deng L. In vivo tracking of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells in nude mice via ¹⁴C-TdR labeling. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:55. [PMID: 26070459 PMCID: PMC4465458 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to shed light on the regenerative mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo, the bio-distribution profile of implanted cells using a stable and long-term tracking method is needed. We herein investigated the bio-distribution of human placental deciduas basalis derived MSCs (termed as PDB-MSCs) in nude mice after intravenous injection by carbon radioisotope labeling thymidine (14C-TdR), which is able to incorporate into new DNA strands during cell replication. Results The proliferation rate and radioactive emission of human PDB-MSCs after labeled with different concentrations of 14C-TdR were measured. PDB-MSCs labeled with 1 μCi possessed high radioactivity, and the biological characteristics (i.e. morphology, colony forming ability, differentiation capabilities, karyotype and cell cycle) showed no significant changes after labeling. Thus, 1 μCi was the optimal concentration in this experimental design. In nude mice, 1 × 10614C-TdR-labeled PDB-MSCs were injected intravenously and the organs were collected at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 30 and 180 after injection, respectively. Radiolabeled PDB-MSCs were found mainly in the lung, liver, spleen, stomach and left femur of the recipient nude mice at the whole observation period. Conclusions This work provided solid evidence that 14C-TdR labeling did not alter the biological characteristics of human placental MSCs, and that this labeling method has potential to decrease the signal from non-infused or dead cells for cell tracking. Therefore, this labeling technique can be utilized to quantify the infused cells after long-term follow-up in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Guang Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Chun Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Quan Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca E.Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E.Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Yi-Zhou Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Lian
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Center Laboratory For Isotopy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Can Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Deng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Hakimzadeh N, van Horssen P, van Lier MGJTB, van den Wijngaard JPHM, Belterman C, Coronel R, Piek JJ, Verberne HJ, Spaan JAE, Siebes M. Detection and quantification methods of monocyte homing in coronary vasculature with an imaging cryomicrotome. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:196-204. [PMID: 25179912 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular imaging modalities are important for revealing the behavior and role of monocytes in response to neovascularization progression in coronary artery disease. In this study we aimed to develop methods for high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging and quantification of monocytes relative to the entire coronary artery network using a novel episcopic imaging modality. In a series of ex vivo experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and CD14+ monocytes were labeled with fluorescent live cell tracker probes and infused into the coronary artery network of excised rat hearts by a Langendorff perfusion method. Coronary arteries were subsequently infused with fluorescent vascular cast material and processed with an imaging cryomicrotome, whereby each heart was consecutively cut (5 μm slice thickness) and block face imaged at appropriate excitation and emission wavelengths. The resulting image stacks yielded 3D reconstructions of the vascular network and the location of cells administered. Successful detection and quantification of single cells and cell clusters were achieved relative to the coronary network using customized particle detection software. These methods were then applied to an in vivo rabbit model of chronic myocardial ischemia in which autologous monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood, labeled with a fluorescent live cell tracker probe and re-infused into the host animal. The processed 3D image stacks revealed homing of monocytes to the ischemic myocardial tissue. Monocytes detected in the ischemic tissue were predominantly concentrated in the mid-myocardium. Vessel segmentation identified coronary collateral connections relative to monocyte localization. This study established a novel imaging platform to efficiently determine the localization of monocytes in relation to the coronary microvascular network. These techniques are invaluable for investigating the role of monocyte populations in the progression of coronary neovascularization in animal models of chronic and sub-acute myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Hakimzadeh
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Horssen
- Dept. of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique G J T B van Lier
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Charly Belterman
- Dept. of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Dept. of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Piek
- Dept. of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J Verberne
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A E Spaan
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Siebes
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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