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Kannan N, Pandiar D, Subramanian R, Krishnan RP, S C. Helicobacter pylori positive oral squamous cell carcinoma demonstrate higher pathological tumor staging and poorer overall survival. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024; 125:101952. [PMID: 38906379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H pylori), a bacterium characterized by its spiral shape and gram-negative nature, impacts approximately half of the global population, showing a greater prevalence in developing nations. There are various factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of H pylori in the gastric mucosa, leading to gastric ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancers. The relationship between H pylori and gastric cancers has been well documented. The association between Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and H pylori still remains a grey field. The study aimed to evaluate the presence of H pylori in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of 46 case samples and 21 controls. The case samples comprised of histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC obtained from patients undergoing wide local excision. Fresh tissue samples were collected during cryosection and stored in eppendorf tubes. The control samples were collected from the gingiva and buccal mucosa of apparently healthy patients with no history of habits, undergoing procedures such as gingivectomy and impaction. All the cases and controls were subjected to immunohistochemistry for Helicobacter pylori antibody. The cases demonstrating Helicobacter pylori in immunohistochemistry further underwent additional Real-Time- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and culture methodology for subsequent confirmation. RESULTS 15/46 cases (32.6 %) showed positive immunohistochemical expression of H pylori in OSCC, while all the twenty-one controls were negative (p value 0.001). Out of the 15 cases tested using culture methodology, a total of 7 cases, representing 46.7 % of the sample, were positive for the presence of H pylori (p- value 0.003). Similar statistically significant results were also obtained for 16S rRNA gene with RT- PCR. Furthermore, H pylori positive cases were frequently found in higher pathological tumor staging. A significant increase in overall survival rate was evident among the H pylori negative cases. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori was significantly expressed in OSCC tissues when compared to healthy tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of the presence of H pylori in FFPE OSCC samples yielded more positive results when compared to culture and PCR methodology. We opine that in OSCC, H pylori may have a role in the faster progression of the disease, rather than merely a 'chance spectator'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kannan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Pandiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Cancer and Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra S
- Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumar NAN, Dikhit PS, Jose A, Mehta V, Pai A, Kudva A, Rao M. Oral Metronomic Chemotherapy in Advanced and Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Need of the Hour. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:793-800. [PMID: 39118899 PMCID: PMC11303669 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The present review article aims to compile the best available evidence-based data on oral metronomic chemotherapy (OMCT) including its mechanism of action, its utility, and future directions. Methods A systematic search was carried out in PubMed database for available English literature from last 10 years between 2011 and 2021. Keyword combinations used were 'Oral Metronomic chemotherapy for oral cancer, mechanism of action of OMCT, Oral metronomic chemotherapy in India, OMCT in recurrent and palliative treatment of oral cancers.' Results Multitudes of studies have been published recently stating the role of OMCT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the studies with the category of level of evidence required to advocate OMCT as a recognized therapy are still scarce. On careful stratification of these studies, we found that OMCT has a lot to offer in palliative settings, recurrent, and metastatic HNSCC. There is some limited evidence of its role in adjuvant therapy as maintenance and in neoadjuvant setting. Conclusion With current evidence, there is a definite role of OMCT in treatment of oral SCC. OMCT can be an alternative in patients who are not tolerable or affordable for standard palliative chemotherapy and also an option for patient who are waiting for surgery. However, results of ongoing and future studies on exact mechanism, indications, and implications of this drug regimen would help in integration OMCT in current standard of therapy. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena A. N. Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Punit Singh Dikhit
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Anmi Jose
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104 India
| | - Vedant Mehta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ananth Pai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Adarsh Kudva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Mahajan A, Kumar JA, Singh AK, Sharma NK, Durrani F, Agrawal NK, JF N. Quality of Life Assessment and Comparative Analysis of Anterolateral Thigh Flap and Pectoralis Major Myo-cutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of Post Excision Defects of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:3390-3395. [PMID: 39130307 PMCID: PMC11306680 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Present study is a comparative evaluation of the financial impact on choice of flap, clinical results as well as post resection quality of life assessment of cancer patients reconstructed with anterolateral thigh(ALT) flap and pectoralis major myo-cutaneous(PMMC) flap. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional ethical committee. In this non-randomised, prospective study design among 49 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases, 39 cases were reconstructed using PMMC flap and 10 using ALT flap from year 2020 to 2022. These 2 flaps were compared in terms of parameters like time utilised for reconstruction, hospital stay, overall survival and Washington University Quality of Life index(UW-QOL) for head and neck cancer. Patients were followed regularly for post-operative complications. The University of Washington Quality of Life score (UW-QOL) questionnaire, version 4, was completed at six months post-operatively. Obtained data was statistically analysed using IBM® SPSSⓇ. Washington University Quality of Life index scores and esthetics are better with Antero-lateral thigh flap, with less overall post-operative complications. On the other hand Pectoralis myocutaneous flap has less surgical time and more salvage potential. Despite of Antero-lateral thigh flap having Good Washington University Quality of Life index scores, lesser post-operative complications and better esthetics; scale of developing nations is still tipping towards economical, less time consuming and less technique sensitive Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Mahajan
- Fellow Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Janani Anand Kumar
- FHNO Oral Oncology Fellow, Aster Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Naresh Kumar Sharma
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Farhan Durrani
- Unit of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Neeraj Kant Agrawal
- Department of Plastic surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Neville JF
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
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Nair AH, Patel T, Nair AR, Krishnan NA, Balasubramanian D, Iyer S, Thankappan K. Oral Management of Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Cancer Treatment. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:783-792. [PMID: 39118922 PMCID: PMC11303626 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer accounts for around 30 percent of all cancers in India. These cancers are usually managed either by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of these modalities. Dental oncologists play an integral part in the multidisciplinary team, including surgeons, radiation and medical oncologists, nurses, physician assistants, nutritionists, psychologists and social workers to efficiently manage cancer patients. Oral complications associated with cancer therapy can range from minor mucositis or infections to severely debilitating conditions such as osteonecrosis of jaws, which can disrupt the ongoing cancer therapy and jeopardize the overall quality of life of the patient. This highlights the primary role of a dentist in the efficient identification and management of potential oral foci of infection and subsequent prevention of the onset of these complications. This necessitates accurate, evidence-based knowledge and extensive training of dental oncologists to provide state-of-the-art management strategies. This article aims to review oral management before, during and after therapy in patients undergoing treatment for cancers affecting the head and neck region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarya Haridasan Nair
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 India
| | - Tejal Patel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 India
| | - Anoop Remesan Nair
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala India
| | - Nitin Anand Krishnan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 India
| | - Deepak Balasubramanian
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 India
| | - Subramania Iyer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 India
| | - Krishnakumar Thankappan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041 India
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Singh AG, Bavaskar M, Sharin F, Singhavi H, Shetty R, Joshi P, Nair S. The Trans-facial Approach for Simultaneous Resection and Reconstruction of Retromolar Trigone Tumors: A Pilot Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:909-913. [PMID: 39118927 PMCID: PMC11303610 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-024-02226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early retromolar trigone (RMT) lesions are difficult to access and free tissue transfer is often an overkill for such small lesions. The aim was to devise a novel surgical approach that would aid the resection without raising a cheek flap and simultaneously provide a local reconstructive option for small lesions in the RMT. Methodology This study was to demonstrate the outcomes of the "trans-facial" approach used to simultaneously access and reconstruct small RMT tumors through an islanded nasolabial flap. Patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of RMT requiring surgery were included from January 2021 to September 2022. Case selection was done based on the location of the disease and its size (cT1/T2). All needed bone and soft tissue resection via per oral trans-facial approach, along with an ipsilateral neck dissection. The technique is described along with their post-operative and pathologic outcomes. Results Out of the eight patients included in this study, six underwent a bi-alveolar marginal resection and reconstructed using the trans-facial approach. No major complications were noted in the post-operative period. 50% were pT1 tumors and 75% were pN0 status. One patient had a close margin; while, the others had adequate resection margins. All patients were followed up for a median of 18 months with a locoregionally controlled status. Conclusion The trans-facial approach can be a suitable option with a reasonable oncologic outcome to address small RMT lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Gurmeet Singh
- Head and Neck Surgery, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Manasi Bavaskar
- Head and Neck Surgery, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Florida Sharin
- Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hitesh Singhavi
- Head and Neck Surgery, Fortis Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Rathan Shetty
- Head and Neck Surgery, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Poonam Joshi
- Head and Neck Surgery, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Sudhir Nair
- Head and Neck Surgery, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra India
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Nalage DN, Kudnar PS, Langhe R, Ughade B, Sontakke T, Biradar A. Leukemia in India: Insights Into Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years. Cureus 2024; 16:e62557. [PMID: 39027787 PMCID: PMC11254514 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the impact of leukemia and other cancers in India and to observe any changes over time. METHODOLOGY Detailed estimates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 30 types of cancers in India were analyzed for 29 years from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study. Data from all available sources were used to gather information on the overall burden of disease in India. RESULTS Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with varying rates of incidence in India, making prevention and treatment a challenge. Because cancer is not a reportable disease in India, the overall burden estimate is still a work in progress. This study analyzed the impact of leukemia and other cancers in India, including trends in incidence, DALYs, and mortality related to all cancers and various malignancies. The causes of leukemia in India were also explored. CONCLUSIONS The study found the trends of cancer types that account for the majority of leukemia-related and cancer-related DALYs, death, prevalence, and incidence in India. Among the four most frequent malignancies, such as leukemia, there was significant variation based on age. Over the last 29 years, mortality from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) has decreased, while deaths from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have increased steadily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh N Nalage
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Aurangabad, IND
| | - P S Kudnar
- Department of Zoology, Postgraduate Research Center, Modern College of Arts, Science, and Commerce (Autonomous), Pune, IND
| | - Rahul Langhe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, MGM University, Aurangabad, IND
| | - Balasaheb Ughade
- Department of Botany, Amdar Shashikant Shinde Mahavidyalaya, Medha, IND
| | - Tejswini Sontakke
- Department of Zoology, Mahilaratna Pushpatai Hiray (MPH) Arts, Science and Commerce Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir (MGV), Malegaon, IND
| | - Ashwini Biradar
- Department of Microbiology, Sub-Campus Osmanabad, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Osmanabad, IND
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Mithi MT, Rathod P, Pandya S, Mukim A, Sharma M, Pandya SJ, Patel S, Warikoo V, Puj K, Patel K, Salunke A. Economic Impact of Head and Neck Cancer in India at an Individual Level and the Factors Affecting It. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:2437-2441. [PMID: 38883517 PMCID: PMC11169295 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a significant public health concern in India and globally, with substantial social and economic consequences for affected individuals and their families. The study aimed to assess the socioeconomic impact of head and neck cancer. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire-based study involving 178 head and neck cancer patients who were evaluated at least two years post-completion of their treatment. The questionnaire data collected data on various factors, including site of cancer, treatment modality, speech and diet impairment, changes in earning capacity, occupation, and salary. This was collected from all patients visiting our tertiary cancer care center outpatient department in Ahmedabad, India, between January 2023 and August 2023. The findings highlight the diverse and profound socioeconomic consequences of head and neck cancer. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive support systems for affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taher Mithi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Priyank Rathod
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Shivam Pandya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Aditya Mukim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Shashank J Pandya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Shailesh Patel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Vikas Warikoo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Ketul Puj
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Keval Patel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
| | - Abhijeet Salunke
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016 India
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A S, Mehta R, Nagarkar NM, Bodhey NK, Gupta RK, Satpute SS. Clinical, Radiological, and Pathological Correlation of Mandibular Invasion in Carcinoma Bucco-alveolar Complex. Indian J Surg Oncol 2024; 15:385-396. [PMID: 38741646 PMCID: PMC11088584 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-024-01903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to correlate clinically, radiologically, and pathologically the mandibular invasion in carcinoma bucco-alveolar complex. All biopsy-proven oral cavity cancer cases (64 patients) were assessed clinically and radiologically for involvement of the mandible. Preoperative clinicoradiological findings were compared with postoperative histopathological findings. In our study, oral cancer was 4 times more prevalent in males as compared to females and clinical evaluation was found to be highly sensitive in predicting mandibular invasion. Orthopantomogram showed sensitivity of 66.6% and specificity of 100%. CT scan showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 46% whereas MRI showed sensitivity of 54.5% and a specificity of 96%. MRI correlates well with final histopathology in predicting size of tumor. Prevalence of bony invasion in carcinoma oral cavity was 18%. We noted an inverse relation with tumor differentiation and mandibular invasion, and none of the verrucous carcinoma lesions showed mandibular invasion. Association of clinical T and N staging with postoperative histopathology was found to be statistically significant. Despite recent advances in molecular biology, radiological techniques, and newer modalities like visual surgical planning, exact measurement of bone invasion is still challenging. At present, CT scan and MRI along with clinical evaluation are widely used to evaluate mandibular invasion in carcinoma oral cavity, and all these are complementary to each other. The recent progress in tissue engineering technologies and stem cell biology has significantly promoted the development of regenerative reconstruction of jawbone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subinsha A
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Rupa Mehta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Nitin M. Nagarkar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Satish S. Satpute
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
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SathiyaPriya S, Shavi GR, Sanga R, Shankar S, Gunasekaran L, Rahila C, Santhakumari S. Assessment of the prevalence of types of head and neck cancer in a tertiary cancer center at Madurai, Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:959-965. [PMID: 38261447 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2081_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of types of head and neck cancer in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of types of head and neck cancer in Madurai, Tamil Nadu using a questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for two months among 300 head and neck cancer patients at a tertiary cancer center in Madurai. A convenience sampling technique was used. The data were collected using a pretested, self-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. RESULTS Of 300 head and neck cancer patients, the mean age of the patients was about 51.04 ± 16.49 years. The majority of the patients were male (80%), employed (85%), and literate (65%). Among the head and neck cancer patients, 65% were tobacco users and 42.4% were alcohol consumers. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of head and neck cancer, and 79.7% were diagnosed at an advanced stage of said cancer, such as stages III and IV. CONCLUSION Lack of knowledge and awareness is a major cause of increasing prevalence of head and neck cancer in our country. It is most important to increase the knowledge and awareness of early symptom recognition and its seriousness among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S SathiyaPriya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Girish R Shavi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranganath Sanga
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Care Dental College, Guntur, Andhra Pardesh, India
| | - S Shankar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lalithambigai Gunasekaran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Rahila
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Santhakumari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vinayaka mission Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rajeev A, Katukuri S, Devarashetty S, Dantala S, Billa AL. Expression of p120 - catenin in oral squamous cell carcinoma and apparently normal mucosa adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Exp Dent 2024; 16:e391-e398. [PMID: 38725816 PMCID: PMC11078506 DOI: 10.4317/jced.61057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An essential molecular occurrence in carcinogenesis that can lead to invasion and migration, predisposing cells to malignant transformation, involves alterations in cell adhesion molecules, such as p120 catenin. The destabilization of E-cadherin, caused by the loss or phosphorylation of p120 catenin (p120), regulates cadherin stability and turnover, impacting cell adhesiveness and migratory capacity. Consequently, p120 is associated with the invasiveness and progression of various human epithelial tumor types, including Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC). The present study aimed to assess and establish a correlation between the expression of p120 antibody in OSCC and Apparently Normal Mucosa Adjacent to OSCC (ANMAOSCC). Material and Methods The immunoexpression of p120 in 300 selected cases was categorized into two groups: OSCC (n = 150) and ANMAOSCC (n = 150). Two 4µm-thick tissue sections from the selected blocks were prepared. One section was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, while the other underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using anti-p120 catenin antibody (clone No. EP66; Catalog No. PR062; PathnSitu, Wayne, PA, USA). The analysis of p120 immunoexpression included parameters such as intensity, percentage, and the location of staining. Results In OSCC, over 80% of cases expressed p120, with only 16% exhibiting loss of expression. In ANMAOSCC, all cells maintained p120 expression. In OSCC, p120 was predominantly localized to the membrane and cytoplasm in 76%, while in ANMAOSCC, over 90% showed membrane localization. Regarding positivity, only 19% of OSCC cases reported positivity in >50% of cells, compared to 64.7% in ANMAOSCC. The extent of staining in ANMAOSCC was observed up to the granular layer (45%) and corneal layer (19%). Conclusions The atypical staining pattern of p120 may indicate a loss of adhesion and could serve as a marker for identifying the malignant potential of ANMAOSCC and the aggressiveness of OSCC. Key words:Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, P120 Catenin, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Gene Expression Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Rajeev
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Rajasthan, India
| | - Saikumar Katukuri
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shravya Devarashetty
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
| | - Satyanarayana Dantala
- Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
| | - Aishwarya-Lakshmi Billa
- Senior Resident, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College & Hospital, Hyderabad, India
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11
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Khanna D, Sharma P, Budukh A, Vishwakarma R, Sharma AN, Bagal S, Tripathi V, Maurya VK, Chaturvedi P, Pradhan S. Rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care: findings from an Indian cancer registry. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:308. [PMID: 38448839 PMCID: PMC10916062 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer incidence and mortality vary across the globe, with nearly two-thirds of cancer-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The rural-urban disparity in socio-demographic, behavioural, and lifestyle-related factors, as well as in access to cancer care, is one of the contributing factors. Population-based cancer registries serve as a measure for understanding the burden of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the rural-urban disparity in cancer burden and care of patients registered by an Indian population-based cancer registry. METHODS This study collected data from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, between 2017 and 2019. Sex and site-specific age-standardised rates for incidence and mortality per 100,000 population were calculated. Rural-urban disparities in cancer incidence and mortality were estimated through rate differences and standardised rate ratios (with 95% confidence intervals). Univariable and multivariable regressions were applied to determine any significant differences in socio-demographic and cancer-related variables according to place of residence (rural/urban). Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS 6721 cancer patients were registered during the study duration. Urban patients were older and had better literacy and socioeconomic levels, while rural patients had higher odds of having unskilled or semi-skilled professions. Diagnostic and clinical confirmation for cancer was significantly higher in urban patients, while verbal autopsy-based confirmation was higher in rural patients. Rural patients were more likely to receive palliative or alternative systems of medicine, and urban patients had higher chances of treatment completion. Significantly higher incidence and mortality were observed for oral cancer among urban men and for cervical cancer among rural women. Despite the higher incidence of breast cancer in urban women, significantly higher mortality was observed in rural women. CONCLUSIONS Low- and middle-income countries are facing dual challenges for cancer control and prevention. Their urban populations experience unhealthy lifestyles, while their rural populations lack healthcare accessibility. The distinctness in cancer burden and pattern calls for a re-evaluation of cancer control strategies that are tailor-made with an understanding of urban-rural disparities. Context-specific interventional programmes targeting risk-factor modifications, cancer awareness, early detection, and accessibility to diagnosis and care are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Khanna
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Budukh
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajesh Vishwakarma
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand N Sharma
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Bagal
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Varsha Tripathi
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Maurya
- Department of Preventive Oncology and Varanasi Cancer Registry, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, 400094, Mumbai, India
| | - Satyajit Pradhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Director, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, 221005, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cherian E, Goyal M, Mittal N, Mathews S, Sagir M. Elucidating the Anticancer Mechanisms of Cinnamoyl Sulfonamide Hydroxamate: Insights From DNA Content Analysis and Gene Expression Profiling in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e57236. [PMID: 38686281 PMCID: PMC11056768 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is a major public health concern worldwide, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being one of its most common subtypes. Despite advances in diagnosis and management of this disease, there remains a need to develop new therapeutic approaches for better outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms through which cinnamoyl sulfonamide hydroxamate derivatives exert their anticancer effects on OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The derivatives were synthesized via multi-step processes and then characterized at the molecular level. Flow cytometry assay for DNA content and cell cycle distribution, anisidine/toluidine double staining for apoptosis detection, as well as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) gene expression analysis, were performed on OSCC cell lines exposed to cinnamoyl sulfonamide hydroxamate derivatives. RESULTS Flow cytometry unveiled remarkable changes in the distribution of cells throughout the OSCC cell line upon treatment with cinnamoyl sulfonamide hydroxamate derivatives. Consequently, it led to a noticeable decrease in cells at the G0/G1 phase, together with an increase at the S phase, thereby indicating a retardation at various points of the cycle. In addition, apoptotic morphological alterations have been observed by anisidine/toluidine double staining after some treatments with the compounds. RT-PCR analysis showed a marked increase in p21 gene expression levels, further supporting the compounds' ability to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CONCLUSION The research highlighted the potential of cinnamoyl sulfonamide hydroxamate derivatives as candidates for oral cancer, particularly OSCC treatment, shedding light on their operation at the molecular level and paving the way for the development of targeted therapies that could aid in the cure of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eapen Cherian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Travancore Dental College Medicity, Kollam, IND
| | - Manoj Goyal
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Santosh Deemed to Be University, Ghaziabad, IND
| | - Neeti Mittal
- Pediatric Dentistry, Santosh Deemed to Be University, Ghaziabad, IND
| | - Susan Mathews
- Prosthodontics, Travancore Dental College, Kollam, IND
| | - Muhammad Sagir
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Royal Dental College Medicity, Pallakad, IND
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Usman N, Dikhit PS, Kumar NAN, Shetty PS, Rajan K, Vittamsetti VNR, Dinker D, Jose A. Ipsilateral Cervicodeltopectoral Flap: A Forgotten Technique, Revival in the Era of Microvascular Reconstruction. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:38-43. [PMID: 38312978 PMCID: PMC10831001 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-022-01757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is one of the most common cancers in India responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in Indian subcontinent. Majority of cases present in advanced stages which requires extensive reconstruction following tumor resection. Microvascular free flap reconstruction is now considered standard of care for reconstruction for major head and neck skin-mucosal defects but, many factors still act as hindrance like patient's comorbidities, long operating hours for microvascular reconstruction, logistic and financial issues from patient's side. In such situation it is better to have a backup plan for reconstruction of major head and neck defects using pedicled flaps. Pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap has been the workhorse flap for head and neck reconstruction since its introduction four decades ago. But relying too much on PMMC flap for major skin-mucosal defects especially in female patients is associated with complications and risk for flap failure leading to catastrophic and significant patient morbidities. Our study involves the use of two flaps for head and neck reconstuction involving skin-mucosal defects i.e PMMC flap for mucosal defect and cervicodeltopectoral (CDP) flap for skin defect. As of now there has been no retrospective or prospective study done which has given a conclusive statement regarding use of these two flaps simultaneously for head and neck reconstruction to the best of our knowledge. In our experience from the present study, CDP flap offers an excellent alternative for extensive head and neck reconstruction and can be readily included in the surgeon's armamentarium with proper planning and meticulous handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Usman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576401 India
| | - Punit Singh Dikhit
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576401 India
| | - Naveena A. N. Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576401 India
| | - Preethi S. Shetty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576401 India
| | - Keshava Rajan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576401 India
| | - V. N. R. Vittamsetti
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576401 India
| | - Diksha Dinker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576401 India
| | - Anmi Jose
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences(MCOPS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE), Manipal, 576104 India
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Mathew JKK, Gaikwad P, Pandian RMK, Rebekah G, Rabi S. Relation of Langerhans cell size to buccal carcinoma. Biotech Histochem 2024; 99:84-91. [PMID: 38293759 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2024.2305499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer decreases quality of life despite timely medical management. The carcinogens in tobacco products and their role in tumorigenesis are well documented. Langerhans cells (LCs) are a subset of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that monitor the tumor microenvironment and engulf carcinogens and foreign bodies. We investigated the distribution and size of LCs and their relation to the mode of tobacco consumption and clinical outcome in patients with buccal carcinoma. We recruited patients with oral cancer who were scheduled for tumor excision and men with urethral stricture undergoing substitution urethroplasty using buccal mucosa. Normal and tumor-adjacent tissues were stained with CD1a antibody. The distribution and mean diameter of 100 LCs/patient were determined. We found significantly smaller LCs in patients who chewed only tobacco compared to those who consumed tobacco by other means. The size of LCs decreased significantly with progressive stages of malignant disease. We found that patients with larger LCs survived longer than those with smaller LCs during an average follow-up of 24 months. We suggest a relation between the size of LCs and clinical outcomes in patients with buccal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranay Gaikwad
- Department of General Surgery Unit I, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Suganthy Rabi
- Department of Anatomy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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15
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Gangane NM, Ghongade PV, Patil BU, Atram M. Oral cavity cancer incidence and survival trends: A population-based study. J Cancer Res Ther 2024:01363817-990000000-00086. [PMID: 38261454 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2720_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to calculate the burden of oral cavity cancer (OCC) including incidence, mortality rate, survival rate, and influence of predictive factors such as clinicopathological, demographic findings, and treatment modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data in this retrospective study were collected from India's population-based cancer registry (PBCR) from 2010 to 2016. A total of 1051 cases of OCC were noted. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated. The cumulative survival outcome was calculated using Kaplan-Meier (KM) method. Prognostic factors were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence rates (ASR), and mortality rate (ASMR), of overall OCC cases were 10.1 and 8.4 per 100 thousand population, respectively. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 32.3%. Survival outcome was significantly associated with the given treatment (Chi-square value = 58.17, P = 0.0001) and anatomical site (Chi-square value = 26.70, P = 0.0001). 17.6% of cases in males were <39-year age group. The hazard ratio (HR) in the age group of >50 years was 2.065 (95% CI 1.34-3.18, P = 0.001). Combination therapy had an HR of 2.630 (95% CI 1.91-3.63, P value 0.000). Tonsillar carcinoma (C09) (95% CI 1.04-3.12) had 1.8 times more chances of death than lip carcinoma (C00). CONCLUSION OCC cases are increasing in the younger population, and overall, cases show higher mortality rates with reduced survival outcomes. Prognostic factors such as age >50 years, single modality treatment, and alveolar and tonsillar malignancy are associated with poor survival. OCC robust screening by a trained health professional can improve early detection and increases awareness and lower mortality of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin M Gangane
- Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Thaduri A, Kappari SR, Majumdar KS, Panuganti A, Usmani SA, Singh V, Moideen A, Malhotra M, Garg PK. Long-term swallow outcomes and factors affecting swallowing dysfunction and quality of life among oral cancer patients: a prospective observational study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:5091-5100. [PMID: 37548702 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers among the Indian population. India bears the most burden of oral cancer globally. Impairment of swallowing function is often seen after treatment for oral cancer. The oral phase of swallowing is disrupted in patients undergoing resection for oral cancer. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term swallowing outcomes of oral cancer patients using a patient-reported outcome questionnaire. METHODOLOGY All consecutive oral cancer patients in the cT2-T4 category undergoing curative-intent surgery and reconstruction at our institute from March 2020 to March 2022 were included in the study. The Sydney Swallow questionnaire (SSQ) and functional oral intake scale (FOIS) assessed swallowing outcomes six months after definitive treatment. WHO BREF quality-of-life questionnaire was used to assess health-related quality of life. RESULTS A total of seventy patients with oral cancer were included. The median age was 49 years. The majority of them were males (90%). Tumors with cT4 constituted 62%; the rest, 48%, were cT2 and cT3 categories. The bulk of them were buccoalveolar tumors (64.3%. Almost two-thirds of the patients received multimodal treatment. Trismus and xerostomia were at 46% and 88%, respectively. The mean SSQ score was 257.4 ± 99.1. Swallowing outcomes are affected by T stage (p = 0.01), extent of resection (p = 0.01), multimodality treatment (p < 0.01), trismus (p = 0.05), and xerostomia (p = 0.01). Almost 69% of them required special food preparation for swallowing (FOIS 4&5). Patients with buccoalveolar disease (p = 0.05) had significantly poor quality of life. CONCLUSION An advanced stage with extensive resection and receiving multimodal treatment has adverse swallowing outcomes. Post-treatment trismus and xerostomia also significantly affected swallowing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Thaduri
- Department of ENT, Prathima Relief Medical College, Warangal, India.
- Head and Neck Services, Prathima Cancer Institute, Warangal, India.
| | - Sravani Reddy Kappari
- Department of ENT, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Achyuth Panuganti
- Department of ENT, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Vikramjit Singh
- Department of ENT&Head and Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Areej Moideen
- Department of ENT&Head and Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Manu Malhotra
- Department of ENT&Head and Neck Surgery, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Garg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Science, Dehradun, India
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17
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Kumar P, Pradhan A. Human Saliva as a Substitute Diagnostic Medium for the Detection of Oral Lesions Using the Stokes Shift Spectroscopy: Discrimination among the Groups by Multivariate Analysis Methods. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3757-3763. [PMID: 38019233 PMCID: PMC10772759 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.11.3757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective in the present study is to detect oral mucosal lesions non-invasively by probing two solutions with reference to diagnostic technique and non-invasive media. In the diagnostic technique, Stokes shift (SS) spectroscopy (SSS) has been utilized for the detection of oral lesions. In the diagnostic media, human oral tissue and saliva are included. METHODS SS measurements are carried out on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), dysplastic (precancer), and normal/control tissue and saliva samples. Measurements are performed on 86 tissue and 86 saliva samples using the commercially available spectrofluorometer. Offset wavelength of 120 nm, which is the Stoke shift of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has been selected over the other offsets (i.e., 20, 40, 70 and 90 nm). RESULT Presence of tryptophan, collagen, NADH, and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) bands were noticed in the SS spectra of tissue. Like the tissue spectra, presence of these bands was also found in the SS spectra of saliva except the collagen band. Classification among the samples accomplished by the make use of multivariate analysis methods. In the multivariate analysis methods, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied first on SS data of tissue and saliva and then Mahalanobis distance (MD) model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis employed successively. Overall accuracy values of 94.91 %, 84.61 %, and 85.24 % were obtained among OSCC to normal, dysplasia to normal, and OSCC to dysplasia for tissue samples and 88.46 %, 90.16 % and 94.91 % accuracy values were obtained for saliva using the SS spectroscopy. CONCLUSION Obtained results of human saliva are equivalent to human oral tissue using the SS spectroscopy. It indicates that saliva may be utilized as a substitute diagnostic medium and SS spectroscopy as a diagnostic technique for non-invasive detection of oral lesions at the primarily stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Department of BSH, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FEAT), Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), DU, Sawangi - 442001, India.
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Asima Pradhan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
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S S, R S. Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis With Other Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Clinical Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e49642. [PMID: 38161840 PMCID: PMC10755630 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially malignant oral disorder that causes scarring of the oral cavity, pharynx, and upper oesophagus. It is most common in Southeast Asia, but it is also found in other parts of the world. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of oral lesions that have an increased risk of developing into oral cancer. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of OSMF associated with other OPMDs. The presence of multiple OPMDs existing in one patient is a significant finding, as it is associated with an elevated risk of developing malignancy. The risk of malignant transformation increases with the number of OPMDs present in a patient; patients with two OPMDs have a three to four times higher risk of developing malignancy than those with a single OPMD. Patients with three or more OPMDs have a 7-10 times higher risk and the risk of malignant transformation depends on the type of OPMD. Materials and methods The study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India, to investigate the prevalence of OSMF with other OPMDs. The study team retrieved 630 case records of patients with OSMF from the electronic database between January 2018 and March 2023. All of the patients in the study had OSMF, as well as other OPMDs such as leukoplakia, candidiasis, actinic cheilitis, dyskeratosis congenita, erythroplakia, lichen planus, sideropenic dysphagia (Plummer-Vinson syndrome), and discoid lupus erythematosus. Both clinical and histopathological examinations confirmed these diagnoses. Oral mucosal lesions without coexisting OSMF were excluded. The study was done on the basis of age group, habits, type of habits, associated coexisting lesions, and systemic condition. Results The patients were clinically examined and diagnosed. Of the 630 cases, 10% had OSMF with OPMDs. The most common OPMDs associated with OSMF were leukoplakia (86%), followed by candidiasis (12%) and both leukoplakia and candidiasis (2%). Based on gender, the incidence of OSMF was higher in males compared to females with 67% and 33%, respectively. Conclusion OSMF is more likely to develop into malignancy; the widespread use of areca nut products in India has contributed to the rising incidence of OSMF. Accumulating epidemiological data can help to identify high-risk populations for prevention and control measures. Earlier oral cancer diagnosis and treatment can increase the likelihood of a favourable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya S
- Department of Oral Medicine, Radiology, and Special Care Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sangavi R
- Department of Oral Medicine, Radiology, and Special Care Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Saikia PJ, Pathak L, Mitra S, Das B. The emerging role of oral microbiota in oral cancer initiation, progression and stemness. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198269. [PMID: 37954619 PMCID: PMC10639169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy among the Head and Neck cancer. OSCCs are highly inflammatory, immune-suppressive, and aggressive tumors. Recent sequencing based studies demonstrated the involvement of different oral microbiota in oral cavity diseases leading OSCC carcinogenesis, initiation and progression. Researches showed that oral microbiota can activate different inflammatory pathways and cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated stemness pathways for tumor progression. We speculate that CSCs and their niche cells may interact with the microbiotas to promote tumor progression and stemness. Certain oral microbiotas are reported to be involved in dysbiosis, pre-cancerous lesions, and OSCC development. Identification of these specific microbiota including Human papillomavirus (HPV), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) provides us with a new opportunity to study the bacteria/stem cell, as well as bacteria/OSCC cells interaction that promote OSCC initiation, progression and stemness. Importantly, these evidences enabled us to develop in-vitro and in-vivo models to study microbiota interaction with stem cell niche defense as well as CSC niche defense. Thus in this review, the role of oral microbiota in OSCC has been explored with a special focus on how oral microbiota induces OSCC initiation and stemness by modulating the oral mucosal stem cell and CSC niche defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Jyoti Saikia
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Lekhika Pathak
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Shirsajit Mitra
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
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Murali P, Kavitha B, Narasimhan M. Overexpression of deubiquitinase (usp 36) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:623-628. [PMID: 38304515 PMCID: PMC10829461 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_311_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Oral cancer is one of the top three types of cancer and is of significant public health importance in India. A common post-translational modification in cells is ubiquitination/deubiquitination, and its dysregulation is closely associated with the development of cancer. Studies on the role of ubiquitination in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are lacking. Increased expression of usp36 has been observed in various types of cancer, and this study aimed to check the gene expression of usp36 in OSCC patients. In this study, we analyzed the expression of ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) 36 in OSCC. Materials and Methods A total of 15 OSCC patients at different stages of tumor differentiation and age- and sex-matched controls were recruited for the study. The patients were categorized based on their differentiation patterns. RNA was extracted from the tissues, and usp36 gene expression was checked in these samples using a quantitative real-time PCR technique. Results Our study showed increased expression of usp36 gene in OSCC patients. The usp36 mRNA was 231.8 ± 137.94 folds higher in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma patients, 38.18 ± 3.77 folds higher in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma patients, and 25.49 ± 7.30 folds higher in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma patients compared to control tissues. Conclusion Our study reports, for the first time, an increased gene expression of usp36 in OSCC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Murali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, MAHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. Kavitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, MAHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malathi Narasimhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospitals, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Rai P, Goh CE, Seah F, Islam I, Chia-Wei WW, Mcloughlin PM, Loh JSP. Oral Cancer Awareness of Tertiary Education Students and General Public in Singapore. Int Dent J 2023; 73:651-658. [PMID: 36642572 PMCID: PMC10509411 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral cancer confers high morbidity and mortality rates. Late diagnosis of oral cancer is linked to a lack of awareness of its existence and known risk factors. The purpose of this survey was to examine the knowledge and awareness of oral cancer amongst different groups in Singapore. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire (including questions on awareness, risk factor knowledge, and health beliefs about oral cancer) was distributed to undergraduate students from the medical and dental schools and other faculties at the National University of Singapore, as well as the general public. RESULTS A total of 470 responses were analysed. Both medical and dental students were almost universally aware of the disease and correctly identified recognised risk factors for oral cancers. Dental students had a significantly higher level of knowledge of chewing betel quid as a risk factor than medical students (98% vs 74%; P < .0001), although 1 in 10 dental students did not identify alcohol as a risk factor. In contrast, undergraduate students from other faculties were the least aware of oral cancer (62%). Within the general public, knowledge of the risk factors of oral cancer aside from smoking was low, with only 41% aware of viruses as a possible aetiology. However, the younger population group, aged 18 to 34 years old, in general had better knowledge of the risk factors of oral cancer compared with older participants. CONCLUSIONS There is a general lack of awareness about oral cancer and its associated risk factors amongst certain cohorts of the Singapore population. There exists room for further targeted education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujan Rai
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charlene E Goh
- Discipline of Primary Dental Care & Population Health, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francine Seah
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Intekhab Islam
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wendy Wang Chia-Wei
- Discipline of Discipline of Endodontics, Operative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Martin Mcloughlin
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Ser Pheng Loh
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Mathew L, Janardhanan M, Suresh R, Savithri V, Aravind T, Aiswarya A. Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 - a promising prognostic marker of oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:655-662. [PMID: 38304521 PMCID: PMC10829438 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_456_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis is the single most effective means of reducing the mortality rate of oral cancer. Aim This study was undertaken to assess the expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5) in oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and to evaluate their possible role as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC. Design A retrospective cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods The study was conducted to assess the expression of MCM5 immunohistochemically in the tissue samples of oral epithelial dysplasias (n = 27) and OSCCs (n = 30) diagnosed between 2014 and 2019. Statistical Analysis The difference in the mean nuclear labelling index (LI) between the groups and the subgroups was analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the post hoc test, and the Dunn-Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis was conducted for pairwise comparison between the four main groups and the subgroups. The association between mean MCM5 LI and clinicopathological parameters was analysed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results A progressive increase in the nuclear expression of MCM5 protein (P-value <0.001) was noticed from normal oral mucosa through oral epithelial hyperplasia and oral epithelial dysplasia to OSCC. A significant correlation was also observed between the mean nuclear MCM5 LI of OSCC and TNM staging (R2 = 0.268, P = 0.029). Conclusion Our findings suggest that MCM5 may be of great value in assessing the malignant potential of dysplastic lesions and may serve as biomarker of utility in the early diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Mathew
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Mahija Janardhanan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rakesh Suresh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vindhya Savithri
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Aravind
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A. Aiswarya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
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23
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Agrawal M, Konduru V, Riju J, Singh A, Joel A, Karuppusami R, Tirkey AJ. Definitive Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Oral Cavity Cancers: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center. South Asian J Cancer 2023; 12:341-348. [PMID: 38130286 PMCID: PMC10733068 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mansi AgrawalVidya KonduruBackground Oral cavity cancers require definitive surgical resection as the primary treatment, but with advanced T stage, complete resection with pathologically negative margins might be difficult to achieve. Induction chemotherapy helps achieve the balance between resection and morbidity in locally advanced technically unresectable tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of surgery in locally advanced, technically unresectable oral cavity cancers after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with borderline resectable, locally advanced oral cavity cancers who were given NACT between February 2017 and December 2021 was conducted. Data regarding clinical and pathological characteristics, NACT, surgery, adjuvant therapy, and recurrences was analyzed. Results Of the 69 patients in the study, 69.6% had tongue cancer, rest were gingivobuccal complex cancers. All tumors were resected based on the post-NACT tumor volume and clear margins were achieved in 42% of cases. About 85.4% of the tongue cancers required a lesser resection than anticipated, thereby following the concept of organ and functional preservation post-NACT as proposed by Licitra et al. About 30.4% had ypT0 and 17.4% had ypN0. Recurrence and survival rates noted in our study were comparable to those reported in literature. Lymph node density of more than or equal to 0.07 was found in all recurrent cases. Conclusions Induction chemotherapy offers a chance of achieving adequate surgical resection while reducing morbidity and improving functional outcomes for patients with technically unresectable oral cavity cancers. Nodal disease may not respond to chemotherapy as well as the primary tumor. There is a need for comprehensive evaluation of prognostic factors, which could help identify the patients who will most benefit with NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Agrawal
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit-2, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vidya Konduru
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit-2, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyashanth Riju
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit-2, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anjana Joel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reka Karuppusami
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amit Jiwan Tirkey
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit-2, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Sunny SP, D. R. R, Hariharan A, Mukhia N, Gurudath S, G. K, Raghavan S, Kolur T, Shetty V, R. VB, Surolia A, T. S, Chandrashekhar P, R. N, Pandya HJ, Pillai V, N. PB, Kuriakose MA, Suresh A. CD44-SNA1 integrated cytopathology for delineation of high grade dysplastic and neoplastic oral lesions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291972. [PMID: 37747904 PMCID: PMC10519609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of oral potentially-malignant disorders exhibits diverse severity and risk of malignant transformation, which mandates a Point-of-Care diagnostic tool. Low patient compliance for biopsies underscores the need for minimally-invasive diagnosis. Oral cytology, an apt method, is not clinically applicable due to a lack of definitive diagnostic criteria and subjective interpretation. The primary objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the efficacy of biomarkers for cytology-based delineation of high-risk oral lesions. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers recognized a panel of markers (n: 10) delineating dysplastic oral lesions. In this observational cross sectional study, immunohistochemical validation (n: 131) identified a four-marker panel, CD44, Cyclin D1, SNA-1, and MAA, with the best sensitivity (>75%; AUC>0.75) in delineating benign, hyperplasia, and mild-dysplasia (Low Risk Lesions; LRL) from moderate-severe dysplasia (High Grade Dysplasia: HGD) along with cancer. Independent validation by cytology (n: 133) showed that expression of SNA-1 and CD44 significantly delineate HGD and cancer with high sensitivity (>83%). Multiplex validation in another cohort (n: 138), integrated with a machine learning model incorporating clinical parameters, further improved the sensitivity and specificity (>88%). Additionally, image automation with SNA-1 profiled data set also provided a high sensitivity (sensitivity: 86%). In the present study, cytology with a two-marker panel, detecting aberrant glycosylation and a glycoprotein, provided efficient risk stratification of oral lesions. Our study indicated that use of a two-biomarker panel (CD44/SNA-1) integrated with clinical parameters or SNA-1 with automated image analysis (Sensitivity >85%) or multiplexed two-marker panel analysis (Sensitivity: >90%) provided efficient risk stratification of oral lesions, indicating the significance of biomarker-integrated cytopathology in the development of a Point-of-care assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumsum P. Sunny
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra D. R.
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Aditi Hariharan
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Nirza Mukhia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shubha Gurudath
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Keerthi G.
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Subhashini Raghavan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Trupti Kolur
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Vivek Shetty
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Vidya Bushan R.
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Satyajit T.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Pavithra Chandrashekhar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Nisheena R.
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Hardik J. Pandya
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Division of EECS, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vijay Pillai
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Praveen Birur N.
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bangalore, India
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Moni A. Kuriakose
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Bangalore, India
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Program (DSRG-5), Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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25
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Liu J, Zhao J, Qiao X. Research Progress of Metformin in the Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad139. [PMID: 37738154 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and has a high mortality, posing a great threat to both human physical and mental health. With the advancement of scientific research, a variety of cancer therapies have been used for OSCC treatment. However, the prognosis of OSCC shows no significant improvement. Metformin has been recognized as the first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes, and recent studies have shown that metformin has a remarkable suppressive effect on tumor progression. Metformin can not only affect the energy metabolism of tumor cells but also play an antitumor role by modulating the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells. In this review, the molecular mechanism of metformin and its anticancer mechanism in OSCC are summarized. In addition, this article summarizes the side effects of metformin and the future prospects of its application in the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
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26
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Kakkar A, Thakur R, Roy D, Sood R, Sharma A, Malhotra RK, Thakar A. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets and their individual prognostic impact in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2023:jcp-2023-208918. [PMID: 37699696 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Current understanding of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is incomplete with regard to prognostic factors that lead to the considerable heterogeneity in treatment response and patient outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the impact of individual tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets on prognosis as a possible rationale for this, in a retrospective observational study. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantitatively assess cell densities of CD3+, CD20+, CD4+, CD8+ and FOXP3+TIL subsets in 50 surgically treated OSCC cases. Results were correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Youden index were applied to determine prognostically significant cut-off values. RESULTS Mean counts for CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ and FOXP3+TILs were 243, 52, 132, 53 and 116 cells per high power field, respectively. High CD8+ and low FOXP3+TIL counts, and high ratio of CD8:FOXP3 were significantly associated with longer DFS and OS, as well as with improved tumour-host interface parameters. CONCLUSIONS Host immune response and its interaction with cancer cells have a significant impact on OSCC outcomes, with some TIL subsets being more clinically relevant than others. High cytotoxic T-cell (CD8) and low Treg (FOXP3) counts, and high cytotoxic T-cell to Treg (CD8:FOXP3) ratio are significantly associated with favourable prognosis. These results may serve as a leading point in identifying novel therapeutic agents that can redesign the tumour immune microenvironment by reducing infiltrating FOXP3-lymphocytes, and modifying their signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rishikesh Thakur
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Diya Roy
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ridhi Sood
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Malhotra
- Delhi Cancer Registry, Dr BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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27
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Shajahan A, Mathew AC, Gangadharan VP, Chandrasekhar D. Tobacco use and clinical leukoplakia lesions among south Indian tribes. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:647-654. [PMID: 34342396 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leukoplakia is a white mucosal thickening and perhaps undermining change in the oral mucosa transcendently found in tobacco users. Since the tobacco utilization is extensively higher with the indigenous groups in the Asia Pacific locale, the current examination implicated the prevalence of tobacco consumption and leukoplakial lesions and the relationship between the two. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted through six tribal hamlets of Chithalayath Forest range at Wayanad district of Kerala, South India. Leukoplakia screening was led by a senior consultant on the basis of a visual investigation and pathological evaluation was not done. An organized questionnaire was utilized to gather data on demographic details and tobacco usage status and frequency. The prevalence of clinical oral lesions among tobacco users and non users was determined using statistical analysis. RESULTS Clinical oral leukoplakia was diagnosed in 27 (8.5%) subjects among the 317 individuals screened. The prevalence of lesions was considerably higher among tobacco consumers in comparison with non users (11 vs. 3.7%). Also, the tobacco chewers group had a higher percentage of leukoplakia. Another significant finding of this study is that the incidence of provisional leukoplakia was observed to be comparatively high among the most frequent tobacco consumers 15 (65.2%) in comparison with 8 (34.8%) in the frequent and nonfrequent users. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of abusive habits and clinical oral leukoplakial was substantial among the tribes. The cause and effect relationship and dose-response were also shown to have a significant association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Shajahan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Dilip Chandrasekhar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India
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28
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Kumari M, Abdul HN, Vyas C, Khan A, Shree R, Sharma G. Evaluation of Dental Professionals' Knowledge and Attitude Regarding the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer Through Histopathological Examination of Granulation Tissue. Cureus 2023; 15:e44744. [PMID: 37809110 PMCID: PMC10555948 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current cancer trend in India has reported an alarming increase in cancer of the lip, throat, and oral cavity. Few dentists are aware that malignant neoplasms can also occur in the form of granulation tissue and periapical granulomas. However, most dentists agree that biopsies are essential to diagnose oral cancer. This makes the timely diagnosis of oral cancer dependent upon the histopathological examination of the granulation tissue by the dentist. AIM The main aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of dentists regarding the diagnosis of oral cancer through histopathological analysis of granulation tissue. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted on dentists who were residents of Uttar Pradesh, India. Two hundred and fifty study participants enrolled to complete a self-structured questionnaire containing 15 closed-ended questions. The study was conducted over a period of three months, from June to August 2020. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States, and the t-test was performed. A significance level of P ≤ 0.05 was used to determine the statistical significance of quantitative variables. RESULTS The study findings revealed that only a small percentage of dentists (47.2%) were aware of the importance of biopsies in diagnosing oral cancer. Moreover, a minority (14.4%) had conducted biopsies and submitted samples for histopathological analysis. Of them, 10% were aware that in clinical practice, malignant tumors can also manifest as periapical granulomas, granulation tissue, gingivitis, and other conditions. CONCLUSION Dentists should proactively submit any granulation tissue for histopathological examination. Oral healthcare providers must maintain a high level of suspicion, develop a range of potential or differential diagnoses for oral cancer, and take necessary measures to attain a definitive diagnosis. This may include considering a referral to a specialist for the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumari
- Public Health Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ghaziabad, IND
| | - Hina Naim Abdul
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| | - Chirag Vyas
- Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi District Hospital Mandsaur, Mandsaur, IND
| | - Ambar Khan
- Public Health Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ghaziabad, IND
| | - Reya Shree
- Periodontology and Implantology, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ghaziabad, IND
| | - Garima Sharma
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND
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Talwar V, Singh P, Mukhia N, Shetty A, Birur P, Desai KM, Sunkavalli C, Varma KS, Sethuraman R, Jawahar CV, Vinod PK. AI-Assisted Screening of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Using Smartphone-Based Photographic Images. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4120. [PMID: 37627148 PMCID: PMC10452422 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer is surging in low- and middle-income countries. A lack of resources for population screening in remote locations delays the detection of these lesions in the early stages and contributes to higher mortality and a poor quality of life. Digital imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) are promising tools for cancer screening. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of AI-based techniques for detecting OPMDs in the Indian population using photographic images of oral cavities captured using a smartphone. A dataset comprising 1120 suspicious and 1058 non-suspicious oral cavity photographic images taken by trained front-line healthcare workers (FHWs) was used for evaluating the performance of different deep learning models based on convolution (DenseNets) and Transformer (Swin) architectures. The best-performing model was also tested on an additional independent test set comprising 440 photographic images taken by untrained FHWs (set I). DenseNet201 and Swin Transformer (base) models show high classification performance with an F1-score of 0.84 (CI 0.79-0.89) and 0.83 (CI 0.78-0.88) on the internal test set, respectively. However, the performance of models decreases on test set I, which has considerable variation in the image quality, with the best F1-score of 0.73 (CI 0.67-0.78) obtained using DenseNet201. The proposed AI model has the potential to identify suspicious and non-suspicious oral lesions using photographic images. This simplified image-based AI solution can assist in screening, early detection, and prompt referral for OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Talwar
- CVIT, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India; (V.T.); (C.V.J.)
| | - Pragya Singh
- INAI, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India; (P.S.); (K.S.V.)
| | - Nirza Mukhia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru 560022, India; (N.M.); (P.B.)
| | | | - Praveen Birur
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru 560022, India; (N.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Karishma M. Desai
- iHUB-Data, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India;
| | | | - Konala S. Varma
- INAI, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India; (P.S.); (K.S.V.)
- Intel Technology India Private Limited, Bengaluru, India;
| | | | - C. V. Jawahar
- CVIT, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India; (V.T.); (C.V.J.)
| | - P. K. Vinod
- CCNSB, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India
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30
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Puttaraju MK, Nitin P. Conceptual model for progression of oral cancer - our perspective. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3650-3658. [PMID: 37693161 PMCID: PMC10492112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer was and still is an underestimated disease in terms of incidence and mortality rates. As a result, requires early detection and urgent prevention. This article describes a framework that covers the significant stages of conceptual development of oral cancer. Conceptual model is useful in understanding the pathogenesis and understand the disease processes. This article signifies information on various aspects of perspective risk and the role played by it. Article covers the following aspects: what are the perspective risks, what changes it causes to normal cell, what are the direct and indirect effects on normal cell, cellular changes seen with normal cell when affected with perspective risk, transformation of normal cell to oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and changes seen during transformation into cancer. Understanding the conceptual model of oral cancer transformation will be a paradigm shift in future research in the field and early management of oral cancer, which will reduce the disease burden on the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kagarae Puttaraju
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & ResearchMysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Nitin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & ResearchMysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
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Babanrao Dhumal S, Patil V, Parekh D, Noronha V, Menon N, Peelay Z, Prakash Nawale K, Prabhash K. Long term outcomes of phase I/II study of palliative triple metronomic chemotherapy in platinum-refractory/early failure oral cancer. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 12:100143. [PMID: 37384062 PMCID: PMC10306045 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Triple metronomic chemotherapy is one of the options of treatment in platinum-refractory/early failure oral cancer. However, long term outcomes with this regimen are unknown. Methods Adult patients with platinum-refractory/early-failure oral cancer were enrolled in the study. Patients were administered triple metronomic chemotherapy ie erlotinib 150 mg once daily celecoxib 200 mg twice daily and methotrexate weekly (phase 1 in variable dose 15-6 mg/m2 & 9 mg/m2 in phase 2), all taken orally till progression of disease or development of intolerable adverse events. The primary objective was to estimate the long-term overall survival and factors impacting it. The Kaplan Meier method was used for time-to-event analysis. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify factors impacting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The factors included in the model were age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group - performance status (ECOG PS), tobacco exposure and a subsite of primary and circulating endothelial cell levels at baseline. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Clinical trials information: CTRI/2016/04/006834. Results A total of 91 patients were recruited (15 in phase 1 & 76 in phase 2), the median follow-up was 41 months and 84 events of death had occurred. The median OS was 6.7 months (95% CI 5.4-7.4). The 1-year, 2-years and 3-year OS' were 14.1% (95% CI 7.8-22.2), 5.9% (95% CI 2.2-12.2) and 5.9% (95% CI 2.2-12.2) respectively. The only factor favorably impacting OS was the detection of circulating endothelial cells at baseline (HR = 0.46; 95% CI 0.28-0.75, P = 0.0020). The median PFS was 4.3 months (95% CI 4.1-5.1) and the 1-year PFS was 13.0% (95% CI 6.8-21.2). The factors with statistically significant impact on PFS were detection of circulating endothelial cells at baseline (HR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.30-0.78, P = 0.0020) and no tobacco exposure at baseline (HR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.27-0.94, P = 0.030). Interpretation The long-term outcomes with triple oral metronomic chemotherapy ie erlotinib, methotrexate and celecoxib are unsatisfactory. Detection of circulating endothelial cells at baseline is a biomarker predicting efficacy of this therapy. Funding The study was funded by an intramural grant from Tata Memorial Center Research Administration Council (TRAC) and Terry Fox foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Babanrao Dhumal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, India
| | - Deevyashali Parekh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, India
| | - Vanita Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, India
| | - Nandini Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, India
| | - Zoya Peelay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, India
| | - Kavita Prakash Nawale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, India
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Ghosh S, Mitra P, Saha U, Nandi R, Jena S, Ghosh A, Roy SS, Acharya M, Biswas NK, Singh S. NOTCH pathway inactivation reprograms stem-like oral cancer cells to JAK-STAT dependent state and provides the opportunity of synthetic lethality. Transl Oncol 2023; 32:101669. [PMID: 37054548 PMCID: PMC10122064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently provided the evidence of interconvertible cellular states, driving non-genetic heterogeneity among stem-like oral cancer cells (oral-SLCCs). Here, NOTCH pathway-activity status is explored as one of the possible mechanisms behind this stochastic plasticity. METHODS Oral-SLCCs were enriched in 3D-spheroids. Constitutively-active and inactive status of NOTCH pathway was achieved by genetic or pharmacological approaches. RNA sequencing and real-time PCR was performed for gene expression studies. in vitro cytotoxicity assessments were performed by AlamarBlue assay and in vivo effects were studied by xenograft growth in zebrafish embryo. RESULTS We have observed stochastic plasticity in oral-SLCCs, spontaneously maintaining both NOTCH-active and inactive states. While cisplatin refraction was associated with post-treatment adaptation to the active-state of NOTCH pathway, oral-SLCCs with inactive NOTCH pathway status showed aggressive tumor growth and poor prognosis. RNAseq analysis clearly suggested the upregulation of JAK-STAT pathway in NOTCH pathway-inactive subset. The 3D-spheroids with lower NOTCH-activity status displayed significantly higher sensitivity to JAK-selective drugs, Ruxolitinib or Tofacitinib or siRNA mediated downregulation of tested partners STAT3/4. Oral-SLCCs were programmed to adapt the inactive status of NOTCH pathway by exposing to γ-secretase inhibitors, LY411575 or RO4929097, followed by targeting with JAK-inhibitors, Ruxolitinib or Tofacitinib. This approach resulted in a very significant inhibition in viability of 3D-spheroids as well as xenograft initiation in Zebrafish embryos. CONCLUSION Study revealed for the first time that NOTCH pathway-inactive state exhibit activation of JAK-STAT pathways, as synthetic lethal pair. Therefore, co-inhibition of these pathway may serve as novel therapeutic strategy against aggressive oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Paromita Mitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Uday Saha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Rimpa Nandi
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Subhashree Jena
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Shantanu Saha Roy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Moulinath Acharya
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Nidhan Kumar Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India.
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Nagaraj V, Priya S, Muthanandam S, Devi M, Giri U, Babu MA. Self-negligence and awareness among oral precancerous and cancer patients - A cross-sectional questionnaire study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:282-286. [PMID: 37854901 PMCID: PMC10581299 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_420_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) reports that India has the highest global prevalence of oral cancers. The incidence is significantly more in developing countries when compared to the developed countries. Early detection is key to increasing the survival rate of the patients. Important causes for this late diagnosis could be self-negligence, lack of patient awareness about the causes and asymptomatic and subtle clinical presentation of the lesions. Aim To assess the causes of self-neglect and awareness levels among oral cancer and pre-cancerous patients. Settings and Design A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among pre-cancerous and cancerous patients. Methods and Material A questionnaire with 16 closed-ended questions was framed relating to the causes of self-neglect and awareness of the patients. A total of 45 patients were selected by convenient sampling technique from the Institutional Tumour Board register of which 62 per cent were male patients and 38 per cent were female patients. Statistical Analysis Data analysis for demographic data, patients' awareness, and causes of self-neglect about precancer and cancer was done using SPSS Version 10. Results and Conclusions The present study concluded that the patients had adequate awareness that deleterious habits could lead to cancer but had a low level of awareness about the other causes of cancer, symptoms and management options available to treat cancer. The study result emphasizes that the government should plan for more cancer-screening camps in order to prevent the progression of cancer and to increase the awareness. (Reference I.D.: 2015-05006 for funding the project. ICMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vezhavendhan Nagaraj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry, India
| | - S Priya
- Private Practitioner, Pondicherry, India
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Muthanandam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry, India
| | - M Devi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umamaheswari Giri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry, India
| | - M Aravind Babu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hasan NR, Dehuri P, Jena A, Kanungo S. A Correlation of Serum Histamine and Mast Cell Count with the Established Prognosticators in Oral Cancer. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2023; 11:97-102. [PMID: 37448818 PMCID: PMC10337676 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_138_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Context We undertook this study in view of the rising interest in the interactions between tumor cells and mast cells in the tumor microenvironment and the mounting evidence of the role of mast cells in the prognosis of various cancers. Aims The aim of the study is to determine the prognostic utility of mast cells and their mediators in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Settings and Design This is a cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 41 cases were studied for determining the correlation of mast cell counts with histopathological prognostic variables and 29 cases for determining the serum histamine levels and to further correlate the values with the histopathologic determinants. Subjects and Methods Mast cell assessment was done using Toluidine blue stain on tissue sections while histopathological prognostic factors were evaluated with routine stains. The serum histamine levels were obtained by sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical Analysis Mann-Whitney U-test was used to test the difference between parameters and a Spearman correlation coefficient was used. P < 0.05 was considered significant for statistical analysis. Results We found statistically significant correlations between increased median mast cell counts and higher grade of tumor, presence of lymphovascular invasion, greater depth of invasion, and presence of regional lymph node involvement. The serum histamine values correlated only with the depth of tumor invasion. Conclusions Hence, as per our results, we suggest the use of mast cell counts in OSCC cases as a prognostic indicator in conjunction with other clinicopathological factors. At the same time, we acknowledge the fact that extensive studies are required to establish the role of mast cell mediators in the prognostic curve of oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amitabh Jena
- Surgical Oncology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Public Health Division, ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Bakshi J, Kaur N, Tiwana H, Verma RK, Panda NK, Patro SK. Survival Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Attending Tertiary Care Centre of North India. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:234-242. [PMID: 36891418 PMCID: PMC9986144 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cumulative survival for all stages in oral squamous cell cancers (OSCC) in the world remains poor despite the advances in management; hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the survival outcomes. This is a retrospective review and analysis of treatment, follow-up and survival records of 249 OSCC patients treated in our department from April 2010 to April 2014. Telephonic interviews were conducted for survival details for some patients who had not reported. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier analysis, comparisons were done using log-rank test and multivariate analysis was conducted using the Cox proportional hazard model to find different variables (site, age, sex, stage and treatment) affecting overall survival (OS)/disease-free survival (DFS). Two-year and 5-year DFS for OSCC were observed to be 72.3% and 58.3% with mean survival of 63.17 months (95% CI: 58.342-68.002). Similarly, OS at 2 years and 5 years were 84.3% and 55.9% with mean survival of 65.143 months (95% CI: 60.143-69.601). Tumour site, patient age, stage of disease and treatment modality had a statistically significant hazardous effect on the overall and disease-free survival rates. The significant influence of age, site of tumour, stage of disease and modality of treatment required based on the clinic-pathologic risk factors on prognosis emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis through regular screening and early treatment which can be ensured with early referral, high clinical suspicion and awareness at the point of primary/secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimanti Bakshi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Harsimran Tiwana
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Roshan K. Verma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Naresh K. Panda
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Sourabha Kumar Patro
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Uttam AK, Yadav AK, Jalota S, Singh R, Malik S, Arya AK. A prospective randomized comparative study to evaluate the effect of palliative hypo-fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy versus hypo-fractionated radiotherapy alone in advanced and unresectable head and neck cancer with no metastasis. Ecancermedicalscience 2023; 17:1541. [PMID: 37138956 PMCID: PMC10151081 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A short duration, palliative radiotherapy schedule for locally advanced and unresectable head and neck cancer (LAUHNC) was evaluated in terms of palliation of cancer-related symptoms and acute toxicities. Aims and objectives The aim of the study was to compare the role and feasibility of hypo-fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy and hypo-fractionated radiotherapy in LAUHNC. Materials and methods All the patients included in this study of LAUHNC were not fit for curative treatment. These patients are assessed on the basis of quality of life (QOL), tumour response, toxicities, and relief in symptoms. QOL was assessed on the basis of University of Washington QOL questionnaire version 4 before and after treatment. Patients are divided into two arms, Arm A patients received 40 Gy in ten fractions concurrent cisplatin 50 mg/m2 with weekly and Arm B patients received 40 Gy in ten fractions. To assess the tumour response response evaluation criteria in solid tumours criteria were used. Results A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study, with 20 patents in both arms. Three patients defaulted during treatment and one patient died during treatment. A total of 36 patients completed treatment. Before treatment common complaints was distressing pain in primary site, and difficulty in chewing and swallowing. After treatment there was reduction of pain and improvement in swallowing in both arms. Overall QOL improvement in Arm A (28.89 ± 18.44 to 46.67 ± 15.34) and in Arm B (31.11 ± 15.68 to 43.33 ± 15.72). Neither of the arms experienced grade IV mucositis and skin reaction. Conclusion Toxicity in the form of mucositis and dermatitis was higher in the concurrent hypo-fractioned arm compared to the only hypo-fractionated radiotherapy arm during the treatment and in follow up period. The QOL in both individual arms showed statistically significant results, however when the QOL of both the arms was compared, the results were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Kumar Yadav
- Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra 282003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreya Jalota
- Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra 282003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra 282003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Malik
- Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra 282003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Arya
- Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra 282003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chavan SS, Pagar VS, Borde A, Patil SP, Kinge AD. An Epidemiological Study of Addictive Behavior Pattern Among Adolescent Tobacco Users. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 37033287 PMCID: PMC10080569 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_659_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of developing tobacco-related cancer and chronic heart and lung disease is greater if addiction starts in adolescence. Even experimental use of tobacco in adolescents significantly increases the risk of addiction in adulthood. This study intends to collect valuable data regarding sociodemographic characteristic of tobacco use, pattern of dependence among adolescent tobacco users, which will be essential for formulating recommendations, and their possible intervention aimed at reducing the problem of tobacco use. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was done where 400 subjects were enrolled. Nonprobability Snowball sampling technique was used to locate adolescents aged 12-18 years, who were practicing tobacco use. Face-to-face interviews were taken for data collection. Fragerstorm dependency test for tobacco was used to classify dependency of tobacco product into high and low dependency. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and proportions using SPSS software version 21. Results Majority of the subjects were in the age group of 16-18 years; mean age for initiation of tobacco was 15.6 years. Gutkha was the predominant form of tobacco product being used. Peer pressure 192 (48.0%) was the major reason for initiation of tobacco use. A significant association was found between dependency on tobacco and age, literacy, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions Tobacco use starting from early age has many health implications. There is a need for stringent laws against the selling of tobacco to adolescents and targeted health awareness program against tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant S. Chavan
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikrant S. Pagar
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Vikrant S. Pagarm, Flat No. 12, Triveni Apartment, Balappa Colony, Near 100 Futi Road, Dhule - 424 001, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Anant Borde
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarika P. Patil
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D. Kinge
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Sachdeva A, Dhawan D, Jain GK, Yerer MB, Collignon TE, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Novel Strategies for the Bioavailability Augmentation and Efficacy Improvement of Natural Products in Oral Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010268. [PMID: 36612264 PMCID: PMC9818473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is emerging as a major cause of mortality globally. Oral cancer occupies a significant proportion of the head and neck, including the cheeks, tongue, and oral cavity. Conventional methods in the treatment of cancer involve surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, and these have not proven to completely eradicate cancerous cells, may lead to the reoccurrence of oral cancer, and possess numerous adverse side effects. Advancements in novel drug delivery approaches have gained popularity in cancer management with an increase in the number of cases associated with oral cancer. Natural products are potent sources for drug discovery, especially for anticancer drugs. Natural product delivery has major challenges due to its low solubility, poor absorption, inappropriate size, instability, poor permeation, and first-pass metabolism. Therefore, it is of prime importance to investigate novel treatment approaches for the delivery of bioactive natural products. Nanotechnology is an advanced method of delivering cancer therapy with minimal damage to normal cells while targeting cancer cells. Therefore, the present review elaborates on the advancements in novel strategies for natural product delivery that lead to the significant enhancement of bioavailability, in vivo activity, and fewer adverse events for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer. Various approaches to accomplish the desired results involve size reduction, surface property modification, and polymer attachment, which collectively result in the higher stability of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Sachdeva
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Dimple Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Gaurav K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
- Center for Advanced Formulation Development, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Taylor E. Collignon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
- Correspondence: or (D.T.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.T.); or (A.B.)
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Jain R, Pradhan SA, Agrawal K, Kannan R, Doctor A. Impact of Depth of Invasion (According to Layer) on Lymph Node Metastasis in Buccal Mucosa Cancers. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:6195-6199. [PMID: 36742862 PMCID: PMC9895608 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) To study layer of invasion as predictor of cervical lymph node metastasis. (2) To decide a cut off depth according to layer of invasion for neck dissection. It is a prospective study with sample size of 220 patients at tertiary care hospital with previously untreated operable buccal mucosa carcinoma over period of 21 months. The factors considered under the study were Tumor layer of invasion, lymph node metastasis, Ultrasonography doppler neck, CT scan and gender. Wide excision of the lesion and reconstruction was done. Histopathological analysis of resected specimen were recorded as part of data collection for all the cases. Quantitative data represented using Mean ± SD (Standard Deviation) and median and interquartile range compared using Chi square test. Standard principles of univariate analysis was used according to statistical methods. Depth when measured according to layer of invasion, was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis with 89% of the muscle as layer of invasion being Lymph node positive (p = 0.009). There is 1.39 times chances of lymph nodal metastasis in patients with muscle invasion as compared to submucosal invasion. Tumour layer of invasion plays important role in predicting chances of nodal metastasis in clinically N0 neck in buccal mucosa cancer. According to the study, we should electively proceed with ipsilateral lymph node dissection once the layer of tumour invasion is muscle. This study is limited by sample size and short duration of one year and nine months.
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Kanmodi KK, Salami AA, Nwafor JN, Olomo CA, Nnyanzi LA. Trend Analysis of Global Web Searches (2004–2022) on Oral Cancer and Its Major Risk Factors. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Oral cancer is the 15th leading cause of mortality globally. The Internet is an online source of information pertaining to oral cancer and its major risk factors. This study aims to analyze the trend of global online interest on oral cancer and its major risk factors through an analysis of web searches of oral cancer.
Materials and Methods This study analyzed the web searches conducted, from 2004 to January 2022, on oral cancer and its major risk factors (tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, and human papillomavirus [HPV] infection) using data obtained from Google Trends.
Results Within the time frame under study, oral cancer had multiple peak search periods, with the highest relative search volume index (SVI) for a period being 1; the peak search period for alcohol was March 2020 (SVI = 100); the peak search periods for tobacco were March to April 2004 (SVI = 17); and the peak search period of HPV was April 2004 (SVI = 1). Globally, alcohol was the most common searched term among these four terms (oral cancer, alcohol, tobacco, and HPV) except in Turkey where tobacco was the most common (55%) searched term. The top 25 search queries for oral cancer, HPV, tobacco, and alcohol had SVI ranges of 22 to 100, 12 to 100, 28 to 100, and 18 to 100, respectively. From these search queries, it was observed that people have interest in oral cancer symptomatology, and the adverse effects of tobacco, alcohol, and HPV.
Conclusion This study revealed an overall decline in the online interest on oral cancer and its major risk factors on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
- Oral Health Working Group (Health Students Research Network), School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Programme, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Afeez Abolarinwa Salami
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Programme, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jacob Njideka Nwafor
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Programme, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Adetokunbo Olomo
- Campaign for Head and Neck Cancer Education (CHANCE) Programme, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Pathology/Oral Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi
- Oral Health Working Group (Health Students Research Network), School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
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Goyal R, Singh CV, Jain S, Parveen S, Gupta P, Gupta D. Our Experience with Nasolabial Flaps in Soft Tissue Reconstruction of Oral Malignancy; Feasible Option in Rural Set Up. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:2533-2538. [PMID: 36452546 PMCID: PMC9702445 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this era of microvascular expertise, free flaps are the preferred option by reconstructive surgeons but has technical limitation in rural set up. Nasolabial flaps has been widely mentioned in literature for smaller defect reconstruction with minimal morbidity. It is a robust flap for soft tissue reconstruction in early stage lesion of oral cavity. We present a series of single stage oral cavity reconstruction using inferiorly based islanded nasolabial flaps in small to moderate soft tissue defects. This is a retrospective study which included biopsy proven 10 patients diagnosed with early stage oral cavity malignancy. All the patients underwent single stage islanded nasolabial flap for small to moderate oral defects. Follow up of all patients were recorded with respect to clinical photographs, mouth opening, tongue mobility, deglutition, speech and patient satisfaction. All operated patients had good functional outcome in terms of swallowing, speech and tongue mobility. All patients were satisfactory with the postoperative results. In early stage oral malignancy patients, this option justifies a reliable and cost effective approach. Inferiorly based islanded nasolabial flaps provides a single stage, safer, faster and reliable option for small to moderate oral cavity defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Goyal
- Department of Surgery, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra India
- Present Address: Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, KHS Campus, Vivekanand block, Quarter No. 8, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra 442102 India
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of ENT, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra India
| | - Shraddha Jain
- Department of ENT, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra India
| | - Sana Parveen
- Department of ENT, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra India
| | - Prasheelkumar Gupta
- Department of NeuroSurgery, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Anaesthesia, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra India
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42
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Moorthy A, Venugopal DC, Shyamsundar V, Madhavan Y, Ravindran S, Kuppuloganathan M, Krishnamurthy A, Sankarapandian S, Ganapathy V, Ramshankar V. Identification of EGFR as a Biomarker in Saliva and Buccal Cells from Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients—A Baseline Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081935. [PMID: 36010285 PMCID: PMC9406318 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease more frequently encountered in the South-East Asian population. This disease represents a public health priority as it is grouped within oral potentially malignant disorders, with malignant transformation rates of around 7–19%. Hence, early identification of high-risk OSMF patients is of the utmost importance to prevent malignant transformation. Among various biomarkers, EGFR overexpression has an unfavorable clinical outcome, poor prognosis, and low survival rates in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of EGFR in saliva and exfoliated buccal cells of OSMF. Immunoexpression of EGFR was observed in healthy controls (n = 11), OSCC (n = 106), and OPMD with dysplasia (n = 56), which showed significant expression with increasing grades of dysplasia and OSCC. EGFR expression was evaluated in saliva and exfoliated buccal cells of healthy controls (n = 15), OSMF (n = 24), and OSCC (n = 10) patients using ELISA, which revealed significant expression in OSMF and OSCC. Validation studies were also performed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) to compare gene expression in healthy controls (n = 9), OSMF (n = 9), and OSCC (n = 25), which showed significant 18-fold upregulation in OSCC and three-fold upregulation in OSMF when compared to healthy controls. Hence, saliva and exfoliated buccal cells could be considered as potential non-invasive diagnostic samples for the evaluation of high-risk patients of OSMF using EGFR as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Moorthy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Divyambika Catakapatri Venugopal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
- Correspondence: (D.C.V.); (V.R.)
| | - Vidyarani Shyamsundar
- Centre for Oral Cancer Prevention and Research, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, India
| | - Yasasve Madhavan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Soundharya Ravindran
- Department of Preventive Oncology (Research), Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
| | | | - Arvind Krishnamurthy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
| | | | - Vani Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ramshankar
- Department of Preventive Oncology (Research), Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
- Correspondence: (D.C.V.); (V.R.)
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Shanmugam S, Susikar S, Bharanidharan T, Veerappan V. Induction Chemotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue—Still a Slippery Role? ASIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background Tongue cancers are more common in the Indian subcontinent and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among oral cavity cancers. Induction chemotherapy has been considered an intriguing and smart option for many reasons, but even after years of studies and debates, its role has not been fully established in the management of tongue cancers.
Materials and Methods In this study, we evaluated 17 patients with oral tongue carcinomas with locally advanced stage, enrolled into a protocol of three drug (docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) induction chemotherapy for three cycles. After completion of the three cycles, patients were clinically and radiologically re-evaluated and surgery was done if locally operable.
Results At the completion of three cycles, five patients were partial responders, four patients were complete responders, and five patients had progressive disease after three cycles. Those patients with response underwent surgery. There were no significant morbid intraoperative or postoperative complications observed in seven out of nine patients. At the end of treatment completion, five out of nine patients had tumor residue/high-risk features and were planned for adjuvant radiotherapy.
Conclusion For locally advanced oral tongue carcinomas, the role of induction chemotherapy before surgery has been fruitful and its impact on function preservation with acceptable oncological clearance is an emerging alternative. Spacing chemotherapy and radiotherapy reduce the incidence of adverse effects of combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Shanmugam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Government Royapettah Hospital & Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujay Susikar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Government Royapettah Hospital & Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Bharanidharan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Government Royapettah Hospital & Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatachalam Veerappan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Government Royapettah Hospital & Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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44
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Indian Immigrants in Australia towards Oral Cancer and Their Perceived Role of General Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148596. [PMID: 35886448 PMCID: PMC9319446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is highly prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. With the increasing immigration of Indians to Australia, a potential rise in oral cancer cases can be expected if they continue engaging in oral cancer risk practices. Unfortunately, little is known on this topic in the Australian context. This study aimed to generate new insights into this area by examining Indian immigrants’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding oral cancer in Australia and their perceived role of general practitioners in raising oral cancer awareness. Exploring these aspects could determine the oral cancer risk behaviours of Indians in Australia along with any contributing factors which could help identify potential preventative strategies. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken of 164 Indians across Australia. Data were analysed using SPSS software with descriptive statistics. Respondents had varying levels of knowledge about oral cancer (mean total score 61%), particularly around risk factors such as alcohol and areca nut use as well as oral cancer-related signs/symptoms. The majority (87.7%) had not received any information about oral cancer in a health care setting but were receptive (71–90%) to general practitioners playing a more active role in this area. Respondents were engaging in positive preventative oral health care though few were currently (6.7%) or previously (14.7%) chewing tobacco preparations. Further research is needed through larger studies to confirm the study findings and inform the development of culturally tailored strategies particularly involving general practitioners, to raise oral cancer awareness and provide early screening for Indian immigrants.
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Qayyumi B, Bharde A, Aland G, D'Souza A, Jayant S, Singh N, Tripathi S, Badave R, Kale N, Singh B, Arora S, Gore I, Singh A, Vasudevan A, Prabhash K, Khandare J, Chaturvedi P. Circulating tumor cells as a predictor for poor prognostic factors and overall survival in treatment naïve oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:73-83. [PMID: 35595620 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their correlation with prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in treatment-naive patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN CTCs were isolated using OncoDiscover technique from presurgically obtained peripheral blood of 152 patients with treatment naïve oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sensitivity analysis was performed by including 40 healthy controls. CTCs cutoff values for clinicopathologic factors were obtained from receiver operating characteristic curves. Multivariate models determined the significance of CTC as independent variables. Kaplan-Meier analysis differentiated in overall survival between CTC values corresponding to the stage. RESULTS Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CTC detection were 94.32%, 98%, and 95.17%, respectively. Platform differentiated true positives at >3.5 CTCs (P < .00001). CTCs above 20.5 were suggestive of nodal metastasis (P < .0001) with a linear trend for detecting occult metastasis (P = .061). Early and advanced stages could be differentiated by >13.5 CTCs (P < .0001). Elevated CTCs were significantly associated with extranodal extension (>21.45 CTCs, P = .025), perineural invasion (>19.35 CTCs, P = .049), and depth of invasion (>12.5 CTCs, P = .0038). Median survival was reduced by 19 months when CTCs were >13. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative CTC levels demonstrated a strong correlation with adverse clinicopathology factors and suggested its role as a sensitive prognostic marker to predict survival outcome and disease progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhanuddin Qayyumi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Atul Bharde
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Alain D'Souza
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Sreeja Jayant
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Nitin Singh
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Swati Tripathi
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Reecha Badave
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Narendra Kale
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Balram Singh
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Smriti Arora
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Isha Gore
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant Khandare
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India; Actorius Innovations and Research Co, Simi Valley, CA, USA; OneCell Diagnostics Inc, Cupertino, CA, USA; OneCell Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India.
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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Ahuja NA, Kedia SK, Ward KD, Pichon LC, Chen W, Dillon PJ, Navaparia H. Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve Oral Cancer Knowledge: a Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:479-498. [PMID: 33506408 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-01963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is prone to late-stage diagnosis, and subsequent low five-year survival rates. A small number of interventions or campaigns designed to enhance knowledge of risk factors and symptoms associated with oral cancer have been attempted in the UK, US, and some other countries. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve oral cancer knowledge. We searched five databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized/quasi-experimental (NR/QE) studies targeting the general population or high-risk groups (tobacco users or alcohol consumers), aged ≥15 years, and reporting the outcomes of individual and/or community level interventions. Two co-authors independently identified relevant studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, 27 (eight RCTs and 19 NR/QE studies) of the 551 studies identified from the five databases met the inclusion criteria. All RCTs and nine NR/QE studies used either printed materials, health education sessions, multimedia aids, or some combinations of these tools. The other ten NR/QE studies were community-based and used mass media campaigns to increase oral cancer awareness. Overall, the majority of studies significantly improved oral cancer knowledge; however, heterogeneity in study design and variation in measurement tools made it difficult to compare outcomes. Findings suggest that individual and/or community level interventions are generally effective in increasing knowledge of oral cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms, and/or its early diagnosis and prevention strategies among the general population or high-risk groups. However, the long-term benefits of these interventions are understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil A Ahuja
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, 3825 Desoto Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Satish K Kedia
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, 3825 Desoto Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, 3825 Desoto Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Latrice C Pichon
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, 3825 Desoto Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, 3825 Desoto Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Patrick J Dillon
- School of Communication Studies, Kent State University at Stark, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Hitesh Navaparia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vaidik Dental College and Research Center, Daman, India
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47
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Siddiqui SA, Siddiqui S, Hussain MAB, Khan S, Liu H, Akhtar K, Hasan SA, Ahmed I, Mallidi S, Khan AP, Cuckov F, Hopper C, Bown S, Celli JP, Hasan T. Clinical evaluation of a mobile, low-cost system for fluorescence guided photodynamic therapy of early oral cancer in India. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102843. [PMID: 35367616 PMCID: PMC9177774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality due to oral cancer in India are exacerbated by a lack of access to effective treatments amongst medically underserved populations. We developed a user-friendly low-cost, portable fibre-coupled LED system for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of early oral lesions, using a smartphone fluorescence imaging device for treatment guidance, and 3D printed fibreoptic attachments for ergonomic intraoral light delivery. METHODS 30 patients with T1N0M0 buccal mucosal cancer were recruited from the JN Medical College clinics, Aligarh, and rural screening camps. Tumour limits were defined by external ultrasound (US), white light photos and increased tumour fluorescence after oral administration of the photosensitising agent ALA (60 mg/kg, divided doses), monitored by a smartphone fluorescence imaging device. 100 J/cm2 LED light (635 nm peak) was delivered followed by repeat fluorescence to assess photobleaching. US and biopsy were repeated after 7-17 days. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03638622, and the study has been completed. FINDINGS There were no significant complications or discomfort. No sedation was required. No residual disease was detected in 22 out of 30 patients who completed the study (26 of 34 lesions, 76% complete tumour response, 50 weeks median follow-up) with up to 7.2 mm depth of necrosis. Treatment failures were attributed to large tumour size and/or inadequate light delivery (documented by limited photobleaching). Moderately differentiated lesions were more responsive than well-differentiated cancers. INTERPRETATION This simple and low-cost adaptation of fluorescenceguided PDT is effective for treatment of early-stage malignant oral lesions and may have implications in global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali Siddiqui
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiotherapy, Aligarh, India
| | - Shaista Siddiqui
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Aligarh, India
| | - M A Bilal Hussain
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiotherapy, Aligarh, India
| | - Shakir Khan
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiotherapy, Aligarh, India; University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hui Liu
- University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Pathology, Aligarh, India
| | - Syed Abrar Hasan
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Otorhinolaryngology (E.N.T.), Aligarh, India
| | - Ibne Ahmed
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Aligarh, India
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amjad P Khan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Filip Cuckov
- Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | - Jonathan P Celli
- University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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48
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Zou X, Yu K, Chu X, Yang L. Betanin alleviates inflammation and ameliorates apoptosis on human oral squamous cancer cells SCC131 and SCC4 through the NF‐κB/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23094. [PMID: 35645143 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zou
- Department of Stomatology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Kaitao Yu
- Department of Stomatology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyang Chu
- Department of Stomatology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Stomatology The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
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Ghai S, Sharma Y. Demographic Profile of Benign and Malignant Oral Tumors in Central India: A Retrospective Comparative Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e25345. [PMID: 35761915 PMCID: PMC9233233 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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50
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Chauhan R, Trivedi V, Rani R, Singh U. A Study of Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Reference to Tobacco Use, Gender, and Subsite Distribution. South Asian J Cancer 2022; 11:46-51. [PMID: 35833037 PMCID: PMC9273320 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is very common in India, constituting 30% of all the cancers because of the widespread use of tobacco across India. The prevalence and pattern of tobacco use vary in different regions and states of the country. Although predominantly seen in males, studies have reported that the male-to-female ratio varies worldwide and also by anatomical subsite.
Aims
This study was done with an aim to determine the difference in pattern and prevalence of tobacco use in male and female patients with HNCs and compare them with different subsites' involvement in our region.
Methods and Materials
This is a retrospective analysis of 500 consecutive biopsy-proven HNC patients from a large comprehensive cancer hospital from Bihar during the period of January 2019 to June 2019. Data collected for the study included age, gender, site of the disease, and use of tobacco. The categorical data were analyzed by a chi-square test using SPSS (version 16).
Results
Our study showed a male-to-female ratio of 8.43:1 with tobacco addiction in 84.40% patients. Smokeless tobacco was used by 52.20%, combustible form by 12.80%, and both by 19.40% of the patients. Tobacco use was seen in 87.25% of male patients as compared with only 60.38% of female patients (
p
-value = 0.0001). Oral cavity cancer was seen in 60.85% of male patients and 37.74% of female patients (
p
-value = 0.0012), whereas oropharyngeal cancer was seen in only 11.63% of male patients as compared with 25.83% of female patients (
p
-value = 0.0008). The subsite analysis showed that in patients with oral cavity cancers, no addiction was found in only 10.29% of male patients as compared with 30% of the female patients (
p
-value = 0.008).
Conclusions
Our study confirms a high prevalence of tobacco use among HNC patients. So, we need to continue our efforts to create awareness against tobacco use. Besides, there is also a need for more studies to look into other etiological factors among nontobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Chauhan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Vinita Trivedi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rita Rani
- Department of Radiotherapy, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Usha Singh
- Department of Radiotherapy, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Patna, Bihar, India
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