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Park SY, Kim KS, Lee WY, Kim CE, Lee S. Integrative Approach to Identifying System-Level Mechanisms of Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Hwan's Influence on Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Network Pharmacological Analysis with Experimental Validation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3024. [PMID: 37687271 PMCID: PMC10489874 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Hwan (CSBHH) is an herbal prescription widely used to treat various chronic respiratory diseases. To investigate the system-level treatment mechanisms of CSBHH in respiratory tract diseases, we identified 56 active ingredients of CSBHH and evaluated the degree of overlap between their targets and respiratory tract disease-associated proteins. We then investigated the respiratory tract disease-related signaling pathways associated with CSBHH targets. Enrichment analysis showed that the CSBHH targets were significantly associated with various signaling pathways related to inflammation, alveolar structure, and tissue fibrosis. Experimental validation was conducted using phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated NCI-H292 cells by analyzing the mRNA expression levels of biomarkers (IL-1β and TNF-α for inflammation; GSTP1, GSTM1, and PTEN for apoptosis) derived from network pharmacological analysis, in addition to the mucin genes MUC5AC and MUC2, to investigate the phlegm-expelling effect of CSBHH. The mRNA expression levels of these genes were consistent with network pharmacological predictions in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the therapeutic mechanisms of CSBHH in respiratory tract diseases could be attributed to the simultaneous action of multiple active ingredients in the herbal prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Yoon Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Kang-Sub Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Jasemi SV, Khazaei H, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Natural products in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153988. [PMID: 35217434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a class of lung diseases including chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. Long-time smoking is considered the main reason for developing emphysema. Emphysema can be defined as damage to the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung. It has been demonstrated that natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects can effectively improve or protect the lung against this disease. This paper is dedicated to systematically review the effective natural compounds in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema. PURPOSE This is the first systematic and comprehensive review on the role of plant-derived secondary metabolites in managing and/or treating pulmonary emphysema STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive review was done based on Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the "emphysema", "plant", "herb", and "phytochemical" keywords. Non-English, review, and repetitive articles were excluded from the study. Search results were included in the Prisma diagram. RESULTS From a total of 1285 results, finally, 22 articles were included in the present study. The results show that some herbs such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Monascus adlay and some phytochemicals such as gallic acid and quercetin and blackboard tree indole alkaloids affect more factors in improving the lung emphysema. Also, some natural compounds such as marijuana smoke and humic acid also play an aggravating role in this disease. It also seems that some of the medicinal plants such as PM014 herbal formula, pomegranate juice and açaí berry sometimes have side effects that are inconsistent with their therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION We concluded that natural compounds can effectively improve pulmonary emphysema due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, additional studies are suggested to prove efficacy and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Vahid Jasemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Baek EB, Rho JH, Jung E, Seo CS, Kim JH, Kwun HJ. Protective effect of Palmijihwanghwan in a mouse model of cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:281. [PMID: 34784929 PMCID: PMC8594196 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Palmijihwanghwan (PJH) is a traditional medicine and eight constituents derived from PJH possess anti-inflammatory activities. However, the scientific evidence for its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory lung disease has not yet been studied. In this study, we examined the protective effect of PJH in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke (CS) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Mice received CS exposure for 8 weeks and intranasal instillation of LPS on weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7. PJH (100 and 200 mg/kg) was administrated daily 1 h before CS treatment for the last 4 weeks. Results Compared with CS plus LPS-exposed mice, mice in the PJH-treated group showed significantly decreased inflammatory cells count and reduced inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue. PJH also suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) caused by CS plus LPS exposure. Furthermore, CS plus LPS induced increases in matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-7, MMP-9, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression and collagen deposition that were inhibited in PJH-treated mice. Conclusions This study demonstrates that PJH prevents respiratory inflammation and airway remodeling caused by CS with LPS exposure suggesting potential therapy for the treatment of COPD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03453-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bok Baek
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Rho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Jung
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwun
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
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Lee YS, Min D, Park SY, Lee J, Bae H. Standardized herbal extract PM014 alleviates fine dust-induced lung inflammation in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:270. [PMID: 32894124 PMCID: PMC7487483 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fine dust penetrates deep into the human alveoli, and the fine dust accumulated in the bronchus and lungs can directly trigger various respiratory diseases. PM014 (HL301) is the herbal extract derived from the herbal medicine Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Tang which is used for the treatment of lung diseases. Methods To evaluate the effect of PM014 on the lung inflammation induced by fine dust, this study investigated inflammatory responses in the lung upon pm10 exposure by examining the infiltration of inflammatory cell profiles from bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung histology, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results PM014-treated mice exhibited reduced lung tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis showed significant decrease in the population of total cells, macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils in PM014-treated mice. PM014 treatment downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions including IL-1b, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-21 and IL-17. ELISA analysis also showed reduced production of IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-17 in PM014-treated mice. Conclusion PM014 suppressed the pm10-induced inflammatory response in mice. This study shows that PM014 is a possible therapeutic agent for lung inflammation induced by fine dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Daeun Min
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26-6 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26-6 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26-6 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26-6 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea.
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Lee C, Jeong H, Lee KH, Park S, Gang MJ, Bae SK, Bae H. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of the Herbal Formula PM014 in a Cisplatin- and Paclitaxel-Treated Tumor-Bearing Mouse Model. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735420924711. [PMID: 32590912 PMCID: PMC7323267 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420924711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PM014 (HL301) is a standardized herbal mixture derived from a traditional Korean medicine, Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Tang. Previously, we reported that PM014 treatment significantly suppressed pulmonary fibrosis, one of the frequent adverse effects of anticancer therapy in lung cancer. Before the clinical application of PM014 in anticancer therapy, the safety and efficacy of PM014 in combination with conventional anticancer drugs should be addressed to determine whether PM014 can be used in lung cancer. Lewis lung cancer–bearing mice were injected with 10 mg/kg of cisplatin or paclitaxel on day 5. Starting on day 7, the mice were administered 200 mg/kg PM014 every 2 days. On day 15, all mice were assessed by biochemical and histological analyses. PM014 did not block the antitumor activity of cisplatin and paclitaxel. Coadministration of PM014 and antitumor agents did not elevate the aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase ratio or the blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio. Histopathological analysis also showed that PM014 did not induce hepatic or renal injury. Moreover, PM014 had no apparent inhibitory effects on drug metabolizing enzymes, indicating that PM014 did not alter the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs. Overall, these data show the safety and compatibility of combination therapy of PM014 and chemotherapies for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanju Lee
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sehyun Park
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soo Kyung Bae
- The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoon SW, Park MJ, Rhee CK, Park JH, Lee SY, Kim DJ, Kim DG, Kim JY. HL301 in the treatment of acute bronchitis: a phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, multicenter study. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:133-141. [PMID: 30962409 PMCID: PMC6960049 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is insufficient quality data to recommend the use of herbs for the treatment of acute bronchitis. Small number of randomized trials of plant extracts for this purpose were determined to be low quality and there are concerns for the safety. HL301 is a combined product of seven medicinal plants. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HL301 for the treatment of acute bronchitis with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial design. METHODS A total of 166 patients with acute bronchitis were randomized to receive placebo or HL301 (600 mg/day) for 7 days. The primary endpoint was change in bronchitis severity score (BSS) from baseline visit (visit 2) to the end of treatment (visit 3). Other efficacy variables were the change of each component of the BSS (cough, sputum, dyspnea, chest pain, and crackle) with treatment, response rate, improvement rate, satisfaction rate and number of rescue medications taken. RESULTS Changes in the BSS from visit 2 to visit 3 were higher in the HL301 group than in the placebo group both in the full analysis set (4.57 ± 1.82 vs. 3.15 ± 3.08, p < 0.01) and in the per protocol set (4.62 ± 1.81 vs. 3.30 ± 3.03, p < 0.01). Four BSS components (cough, sputum, dyspnea, and chest pain) improved more with HL301 treatment than with placebo treatment. Participants treated with HL301 showed higher response, improvement, and satisfaction rates and less use of rescue medication than the placebo group. CONCLUSION HL301 (600 mg/day) was effective and safe for symptomatic treatment of acute bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Jae Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hun Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Yeub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Jae Yeol Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea Tel: +82-2-6299-1396 Fax: +82-2-825-7571 E-mail:
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Nie Y, Zhang D, Qian F, Wu Y. Baccatin III ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via suppression of TGF-β1 production and TGF-β1-induced fibroblast differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105696. [PMID: 31229901 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and generally lethal lung disease with a high mortality rate. Current therapeutic drugs exhibit limited efficacy but severe adverse effects. Paclitaxel has been identified to exert both anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis activity. Baccatin III (BAC), an important precursor of paclitaxel, has been identified as exhibiting immunomodulatory activity with decisively lower toxicity. However, its effects on pulmonary fibrosis remain unknown. In this study, the role of BAC in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in mice was investigated in addition to elucidation of its mechanism of action. Our results demonstrated that administration of BAC in a dose-dependent manner reduced inflammatory infiltration, secretion of the pro-fibrotic mediator TGF-β1 and deposition of collagen and other components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin. Administration of BAC to treat isolated macrophages stimulated with IL-13, known to activate macrophages, the principal source of TGF-β1, resulted in markedly reduced TGF-β1 expression from macrophages. The AKT/STAT6 signaling pathway was shown to be involved in this process. In addition, we have provided in vitro evidence that BAC inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibroblast differentiation via the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, intratracheal injection of rTGF-β1 significantly exacerbated the degree of fibrosis which was down-regulated by treatment with BAC. Taken together, our data suggest that BAC exerts a protective effect against lung fibrosis and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Yaxian Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
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Raha S, Kim SM, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Heo JD, Saralamma VVG, Ha SE, Kim EH, Mun SP, Kim GS. Essential oil from Korean Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf ameliorates respiratory activity in Sprague‑Dawley rats and exhibits protection from NF-κB-induced inflammation in WI38 fibroblast cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:393-403. [PMID: 30387810 PMCID: PMC6257863 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, Korean hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), has been widely used for household and commercial purposes. Although the medicinal efficacy of hinoki cypress essential oil has been observed, that of the essential oil‑derived terpenes, which exhibit a mechanism that acts against lung inflammation, remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the anti‑inflammatory effect of hinoki cypress leaf extracted essential oil on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated WI38 fibroblast cells by inhibiting the nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF‑κB) pathway, which exhibited lung tissue protection through the olfactory administration of essential oil in Sprague‑Dawley rats. GC/MS analysis derived 24 terpenes from the essential oil. The morphological observations revealed that, upon LPS stimulation of WI38 fibroblast cells, inflammation was induced, whereas the condition of the cells reverted to normal in the essential oil extract pre‑treated group. The results of western blot analysis revealed the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, activation of cyclooxygnase‑2, and the degradation of cytosolic p65 and inhibitor of NF‑κB‑α in the LPS‑stimulated group. Additionally, confocal imaging of nuclei revealed the translocation of phosphorylated p65, which was recovered in the cytosol in the phytoncide essential oil pre‑treated group. Histopathological observation revealed that the alveolar capacity was enhanced in the essential oil olfactory administered rat group, compared with that in the normal rat group. These findings suggest that terpenes in essential oil from the Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf have therapeutic potential against respiratory inflammation‑related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828
| | | | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52833
| | - Sung Phil Mun
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University
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Kim KH, Lee S, Lee H, Shin D, Min D, Kim M, Ryu B, Kim HW, Bae H. A standardized herbal extract PM014 ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β1 pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16860. [PMID: 30443024 PMCID: PMC6237877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating and common chronic lung disease pathologically characterized by loss of epithelial cells and activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. The etiology of IPF remains unclear and the disease pathology is poorly understood with no known efficacious therapy. PM014 is an herbal extract that has been shown to have beneficial effects in pulmonary diseases, which are likely to exert anti-inflammatory bioactions. In the present study, we observed that bleomycin (BLM) caused increased inflammatory infiltration as well as collagen deposition in lungs of mice on day 14 after treatment. Administration of PM014 suppressed BLM-induced inflammatory responses and fibrotic changes in dose-dependent manner in mice. Additionally, we provided in vitro evidence suggesting that PM014 inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast activation in alveolar epithelial cells and human lung fibroblasts from healthy donor and IPF patients. PM014 appeared to target TGF-β1 signaling via Smad-dependent pathways and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways. Taken together, our data suggest that PM014 administration exerts a protective effect against lung fibrosis and highlight PM014 as a viable treatment option that may bring benefits to patient with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwa Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Dasom Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Daeun Min
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Miran Kim
- Central Research Institute, Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., Yongin, 17040, South Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Park MJ, Rhee CK, Kim YH, Kim DJ, Kim DG, Lee SY, Kim JY. Efficacy and safety of HL301 in the treatment of acute bronchitis and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:919-925. [PMID: 28277874 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1295030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbs for symptomatic treatment of bronchitis is not well established. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination product of seven herbs (HL301) for the treatment of acute bronchitis (AB) and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial design. METHODS A total of 160 patients with AB or with AECB were randomized to receive placebo or one of three doses of HL301 (0.6 g/day, 1.2 g/day, or 1.8 g/day) for a total of 7 days. The primary study endpoint was the change in bronchitis severity score (BSS) from the baseline visit (visit 2) to the end of treatment visit (visit 3). Other efficacy variables were percentage BSS systemic sign efficacy after treatment and change in individual BSS parameters after treatment. FINDINGS Changes in BSS from visit 2 to visit 3 in the three treatment groups (4.63 ± 2.24, 4.08 ± 1.63, and 4.15 ± 1.74 in the HL301 0.6 g/day, 1.2 g/day, and 1.8 g/day groups, respectively) were higher than that of the placebo group (2.88 ± 2.57) in the per protocol set (PPS) (P < .05), and it was also valid in the full analysis set (FAS). The number of participants whose symptoms (measured by BSS) improved at least 30% after treatment was higher in all three treatment groups compared to the placebo group in both the FAS and the PPS (P < .05, for all). IMPLICATIONS Three different doses of HL301 (0.6 g/day, 1.2 g/day, and 1.8 g/day) were effective in decreasing the BSS index compared to placebo. HL301 may be effective for symptomatic treatment of both AB and AECB. LIMITATIONS Essential components of HL301 have not been delineated in the study and patients with AB and AECB were indiscriminately enrolled in the present study. Respective evaluation of the efficacy of HL301 for AB and AECB will be necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jae Park
- a Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- b The Catholic University of Korea , Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Hyung Kim
- c Kyung Hee Univerisity Hospital at Gangdong , Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Do Jin Kim
- d Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital , Department of Internal Medicine , Bucheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- e Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital , Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeub Lee
- f College of Medicine, Korea University , Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Kim
- g Chung Ang University Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution , Internal Medicine, Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Standardized Herbal Formula PM014 Inhibits Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45001. [PMID: 28322297 PMCID: PMC5359558 DOI: 10.1038/srep45001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is widely used for thoracic cancers. However, it occasionally causes radiation-induced lung injuries, including pneumonitis and fibrosis. Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Tang (CSBHT) has been traditionally used to treat chronic pulmonary disease in Korea. PM014, a modified herbal formula derived from CSBHT, contains medicinal herbs of seven species. In our previous studies, PM014 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of PM014 on radiation-induced lung inflammation. Mice in the treatment group were orally administered PM014 six times for 2 weeks. Effects of PM014 on radiation pneumonitis were evaluated based on histological findings and differential cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PM014 treatment significantly inhibited immune cell recruitment and collagen deposition in lung tissue. Normal lung volume, evaluated by radiological analysis, in PM014-treated mice was higher compared to that in irradiated control mice. PM014-treated mice exhibited significant changes in inspiratory capacity, compliance and tissue damping and elastance. Additionally, PM014 treatment resulted in the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and fibrosis-related genes and a reduction in the transforming growth factor-β1-positive cell population in lung tissue. Thus, PM014 is a potent therapeutic agent for radiation-induced lung fibrosis and inflammation.
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Kim HP, Lim H, Kwon YS. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents on Lung Inflammatory Disorders. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:91-104. [PMID: 27956716 PMCID: PMC5340533 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are essentially lung inflammatory disorders. Various plant extracts and their constituents showed therapeutic effects on several animal models of lung inflammation. These include coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, iridoids, monoterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenoids. Some of them exerted inhibitory action mainly by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and nuclear transcription factor-κB activation. Especially, many flavonoid derivatives distinctly showed effectiveness on lung inflammation. In this review, the experimental data for plant extracts and their constituents showing therapeutic effectiveness on animal models of lung inflammation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
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Evidences of Herbal Medicine-Derived Natural Products Effects in Inflammatory Lung Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:2348968. [PMID: 27445433 PMCID: PMC4942669 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2348968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation is a hallmark of many respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory syndrome distress (ARDS). Most of these diseases are treated with anti-inflammatory therapy in order to prevent or to reduce the pulmonary inflammation. Herbal medicine-derived natural products have been used in folk medicine and scientific studies to evaluate the value of these compounds have grown in recent years. Many substances derived from plants have the biological effects in vitro and in vivo, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Among the biological activities of natural products derived from plants can be pointed out the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiplatelet, antitumor anti-allergic activities, and antioxidant. Although many reports have evaluated the effects of these compounds in experimental models, studies evaluating clinical trials are scarce in the literature. This review aims to emphasize the effects of these different natural products in pulmonary diseases in experimental models and in humans and pointing out some possible mechanisms of action.
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Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Nelumbo nucifera. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:789124. [PMID: 27057194 PMCID: PMC4710907 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) is a potential aquatic crop grown and consumed throughout Asia. All parts of N. nucifera have been used for various medicinal purposes in various systems of medicine including folk medicines, Ayurveda, Chinese traditional medicine, and oriental medicine. Many chemical constituents have been isolated till the date. However, the bioactive constituents of lotus are mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Traditionally, the whole plant of lotus was used as astringent, emollient, and diuretic. It was used in the treatment of diarrhea, tissue inflammation, and homeostasis. The rhizome extract was used as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of asteroidal triterpenoid. Leaves were used as an effective drug for hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematuria, and metrorrhagia. Flowers were used to treat diarrhea, cholera, fever, and hyperdipsia. In traditional medicine practice, seeds are used in the treatment of tissue inflammation, cancer and skin diseases, leprosy, and poison antidote. Embryo of lotus seeds is used in traditional Chinese medicine as Lian Zi Xin, which primarily helps to overcome nervous disorders, insomnia, and cardiovascular diseases (hypertension and arrhythmia). Nutritional value of lotus is as important as pharmaceutical value. These days' different parts of lotus have been consumed as functional foods. Thus, lotus can be regarded as a potential nutraceutical source.
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Hwang JH, Lee BJ, Jung HJ, Kim KI, Choi JY, Joo M, Jung SK. Effects of Chung-Pae Inhalation Therapy on a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:461295. [PMID: 26539225 PMCID: PMC4619917 DOI: 10.1155/2015/461295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chung-pae (CP) inhalation therapy is a method frequently used in Korea to treat lung disease, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study investigated the effects of CP inhalation on a COPD animal model. C57BL/6 mice received porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alternately three times for 3 weeks to induce COPD. Then, CP (5 or 20 mg/kg) was administered every 2 h after the final LPS administration. The effect of CP was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis, histological analysis of lung tissue, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of mRNA of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, IL-6, and tumor growth factor- (TGF-) β. Intratracheal CP administration reduced the number of leukocytes and neutrophils in BAL fluid, inhibited the histological appearance of lung damage, and decreased the mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β. Intratracheal CP administration effectively decreased the chronic inflammation and pathological changes in a PPE- and LPS-induced COPD mouse model. Therefore, we suggest that CP is a promising strategy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Ho Hwang
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Joon Lee
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Jung
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Il Kim
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsoo Joo
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ki Jung
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Lim HJ, Lee CW, Son KH, Son JK, Lee SK, Kim HP. Methyl Protodioscin from the Roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis Attenuates Airway Inflammation by Inhibiting Cytokine Production. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:640846. [PMID: 26379748 PMCID: PMC4562339 DOI: 10.1155/2015/640846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to find pharmacologically active compound against airway inflammation from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis. The 70% ethanol extract of the roots of A. cochinchinensis (ACE) was found to inhibit IL-6 production from IL-1β-treated lung epithelial cells (A549) and the major constituent, methyl protodioscin (MP), also strongly inhibited the production of IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α from A549 cells at 10-100 μM. This downregulating effect of proinflammatory cytokine production was found to be mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation pathway. When examined on an in vivo model of airway inflammation in mice, lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury, ACE, and MP significantly inhibited cell infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by the oral treatment at doses of 100-400 mg/kg and 30-60 mg/kg, respectively. MP also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in lung tissue. All of these findings provide scientific evidence supporting the role of A. cochinchinensis as a herbal remedy in treating airway inflammation and also suggest a therapeutic value of MP on airway inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Jai Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Keun Son
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Jung KH, Choi HL, Park S, Lee G, Kim M, Min JK, Min BI, Bae H. The effects of the standardized herbal formula PM014 on pulmonary inflammation and airway responsiveness in a murine model of cockroach allergen-induced asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:113-122. [PMID: 24879958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE PM014 is a modified form of the Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Tang (CSBHT) herbal formula that has been used to treat chronic pulmonary diseases in Korea for centuries. Previously, we developed a formulation of PM014 based on a series of in vitro and in vivo screening efforts that comprises seven herbal extracts. The PM014 formula includes the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, the cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa, the fruit of Schizandra chinensis, the root of Asparagus cochinchinensis, seeds of Prunus armeniaca, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and the root of Stemona sessilifolia. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs that is characterized by wheezing, bronchial contraction, and chest tightness. In addition, the airway becomes hypersensitive and narrows through an inflammatory reaction mediated by Th2 cells. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ability of PM014 to prevent allergic airway inflammation and to attenuate airway responses in a cockroach allergen-induced mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice sensitized to and challenged with cockroach allergen were treated with oral administration of PM014. Airway resistance was determined by whole body plethysmography. In addition, Th2 cytokines and immune cell profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and inflammatory mediators in serum were analyzed by ELISA. A series of histological examinations were also conducted to demonstrate the effects of PM014 on airway remodeling, goblet cell hyperplasia and inflammatory responses in the lung. RESULTS PM014 significantly inhibited the number of total cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the BAL fluid of mice that were challenged with cockroach allergen. In addition, PM014 reduced the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) in the BAL fluid and inflammatory mediators such as IgE in the serum, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological analysis also showed that PM014 substantially inhibited eosinophil infiltration into the airway, goblet cell hyperplasia and smooth muscle hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, our results indicate that PM014 has significant effects on allergic airway inflammation upon exposure to cockroach allergen in a mouse model. According to these outcomes, PM014 may have therapeutic potential as a treatment for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hei-Lim Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geunhyeog Lee
- Central Research Institute, Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., 1007 Yoobang Dong, Yongin, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Miran Kim
- Central Research Institute, Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., 1007 Yoobang Dong, Yongin, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon-Ki Min
- Department of East-West Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Il Min
- Department of East-West Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Thirteen-Week Study of PM014 Subchronic Oral Toxicity in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:189673. [PMID: 25104964 PMCID: PMC4102022 DOI: 10.1155/2014/189673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PM014 is a modified herbal formula based on Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Tang, which is a well-known prescription drug used for curing various inflammatory pulmonary diseases. We previously showed that PM014 attenuated lung inflammation in a murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the chronic oral toxicity of PM014 in rats. PM014 was administered to rats orally once daily at doses of 0, 750, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. The PM014 treatment did not result in any toxicologically significant changes between the control and treatment groups in body weight, clinical signs, food consumption, dermatological and serum biochemical parameters, organ weight ratio, or histopathology. We concluded that no PM014-related toxicity was detected even at the highest doses investigated in this repeated dose oral toxicity study. Based on our results, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of PM014 was 3000 mg/kg/day in both genders. These results might provide supportive evidence of the safety of PM014 to develop a new drug.
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19
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Park S, Park MS, Jung KH, Song J, Kim YA, Cho HJ, Min BI, Bae H. Treatment with pyranopyran-1, 8-dione attenuates airway responses in cockroach allergen sensitized asthma in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87558. [PMID: 24489937 PMCID: PMC3906187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allergic asthma is characterized by Th2-typed inflammation, and contributes to airway remodeling and the deterioration of lung function. Viticis Fructus (VF) has long been used in China and Korea as a traditional herbal remedy for treating various inflammatory diseases. Previously, we have isolated a novel phytochemical, pyranopyran-1, 8-dione (PPY), from VF. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of PPY to prevent airway inflammation and to attenuate airway responses in a cockroach allergen-induced asthma model in mice. The mice sensitized to and challenged with cockroach allergen were treated with oral administration of PPY. The infiltration of total cells, eosinophils and lymphocytes into the BAL fluid was significantly inhibited in cockroach allergen-induced asthma mice treated with PPY (1, 2, or 10 mg/kg). Th2 cytokines and chemokine, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin in BAL fluid were also reduced to normal levels following treatment with PPY. In addition, the levels of IgE were also markedly suppressed after PPY treatment. Histopathological examination demonstrated that PPY substantially inhibited eosinophil infiltration into the airway, goblet cell hyperplasia and smooth muscle hypertrophy. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PPY possesses a potent efficacy on controlling allergic asthma response such as airway inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Song
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Ah Kim
- Natural Products Department, Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medical Industry, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi Jae Cho
- Natural Products Department, Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medical Industry, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Min
- Department of East-West Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park BK, Park YC, Jung IC, Kim SH, Choi JE, Park S, Choi JJ, Jin M. Oral administration of SSC201, a medicinal herbal formula, suppresses atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. J Med Food 2014; 17:496-504. [PMID: 24476223 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which requires safe and effective treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effects of SSC201, a herbal formulation consisting of Stemonae Radix, Spirodelae Herba, and Cnidii Fructus, on the development of AD induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in the NC/Nga murine model. Oral administration of SSC201 significantly reduced the severity of dermatitis and the tendency of mice to scratch their lesions. SSC201 significantly reduced the thickening of the epidermis/dermis and the infiltration of T cells, eosinophils, and mast cells into the dermis. These results were supported by findings of reduced numbers of CD4(+), CCR3(+), and CD117(+)FcɛRIα(+) cells in the skin. Furthermore, SSC201 significantly decreased the number of CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD3(+)CD69(+) T cells in lymph nodes. SSC201 not only decreased the plasma levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the numbers of IgE-producing B cells (B220(+)CD23(+)), but also reduced the number of eosinophils and the levels of eotaxin as well as concentrations of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in the periphery. Splenic levels of Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, were reduced, whereas the levels of IL-12, a Th1 cytokine, were increased. Taken together, our data suggest that SSC201 may be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Park
- 1 Laboratory of Pathology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University , Daejeon, Korea
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Jung KH, Haam KK, Park S, Kim Y, Lee SR, Lee G, Kim M, Hong M, Shin M, Jung S, Bae H. The standardized herbal formula, PM014, ameliorated cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in a murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:219. [PMID: 24010767 PMCID: PMC3847199 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of PM014 on cigarette smoke induced lung disease in the murine animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 2 weeks to induce COPD-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to cigarette smoke exposure, the treatment group was administered PM014 via an oral injection. To investigate the effects of PM014, we assessed PM014 functions in vivo, including immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and histopathological changes in the lung. The efficacy of PM014 was compared with that of the recently developed anti-COPD drug, roflumilast. RESULTS PM014 substantially inhibited immune cell infiltration (neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) into the airway. In addition, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 were decreased in the BAL fluid of PM014-treated mice compared to cigarette smoke stimulated mice. These changes were more prominent than roflumilast treated mice. The expression of PAS-positive cells in the bronchial layer was also significantly reduced in both PM014 and roflumilast treated mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that PM014 exerts strong therapeutic effects against CS induced, COPD-like lung inflammation. Therefore, this herbal medicine may represent a novel therapeutic agent for lung inflammation in general, as well as a specific agent for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Keun Haam
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ryel Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhyeog Lee
- Central Research Institute, Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., 1007 Yoobang Dong, Yongin, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Kim
- Central Research Institute, Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., 1007 Yoobang Dong, Yongin, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Moochang Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungki Jung
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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