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López P, Tirado G, Arias A, Sánchez R, Rodríguez-López ER, Rivera-Amill V. Short Communication: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Drug Resistance Mutations in Puerto Rico HIV-Positive Individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052719. [PMID: 33800269 PMCID: PMC7967446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 integrase viral protein is responsible for incorporating the viral DNA into the genomic DNA. The inhibition of viral integration into host cell DNA is part of recent therapeutic procedures. Combination therapy with protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors has demonstrated good synergistic results in reducing viral replication. The purpose of this study is to assess the occurrence of integrase drug resistance mutations from the period comprising 2013 through 2018 in Puerto Rico (PR). We analyzed 131 nucleotide sequences available in our HIV genotyping database, and we performed drug resistance mutation analyses using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. Twenty-one sequences (16.03%) harbored major or resistance-associated mutations. We identified the Q148HKR, G140S, Y143R, N155H, S147G, and E138EA major drug resistance mutations and the D232DN, T97TA, E157Q, G163GART accessory mutations. We detected high-level drug resistance to Elvitegravir and Raltegravir (76.19% and 85.71%). Moreover, we identified sequences harboring drug resistance mutations that could provide resistance to Dolutegravir. The transmission of strains with integrase antiretroviral resistance has been previously documented in treatment naïve patients. Given the increase of patients treated with integrase inhibitors, surveillance of drug resistance mutations is an essential aspect of PR's clinical management of HIV infection.
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Sepúlveda-Torres LDC, Rishishwar L, Rogers ML, Ríos-Olivares E, Boukli N, Jordan IK, Cubano LA. A decade of viral mutations and associated drug resistance in a population of HIV-1+ Puerto Ricans: 2002-2011. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177452. [PMID: 28493944 PMCID: PMC5426751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerto Rico has one of the highest rates of HIV/AIDS seen for any US state or territory, and antiretroviral therapy has been a mainstay of efforts to mitigate the HIV/AIDS public health burden on the island. We studied the evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 mutation and antiretroviral drug resistance in Puerto Rico by monitoring the population frequency of resistance-associated mutations from 2002 to 2011. Whole blood samples from 4,475 patients were analyzed using the TRUGENE HIV-1 Genotyping Kit and OpenGene DNA Sequencing System in the Immunoretrovirus Research Laboratory at Universidad Central del Caribe. Results show that 64.0% of female and 62.9% of male patients had HIV-1 mutations that confer resistance to at least one antiretroviral medication. L63P and M184V were the dominant mutations observed for the protease (PRO) and reverse transcriptase (RT) encoding genes, respectively. Specific resistance mutations, along with their associated drug resistance profiles, can be seen to form temporal clusters that reveal a steadily changing landscape of resistance trends over time. Both women and men showed resistance mutations for an average of 4.8 drugs over the 10-year period, further underscoring the strong selective pressure exerted by antiretrovirals along with the rapid adaptive response of HIV. Nevertheless, both female and male patients showed a precipitous decrease for overall drug resistance, and for PRO mutations in particular, over the entire course of the study, with the most rapid decrease in frequency seen after 2006. The reduced HIV-1 mutation and drug resistance trends that we observed are consistent with previous reports from multi-year studies conducted around the world. Reduced resistance can be attributed to the use of more efficacious antiretroviral drug therapy, including the introduction of multi-drug combination therapies, which limited the ability of the virus to mount rapid adaptive responses to antiretroviral selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lycely del C. Sepúlveda-Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Lavanya Rishishwar
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maria Luisa Rogers
- Natural Sciences Department, Sacred Heart University, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Eddy Ríos-Olivares
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Nawal Boukli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - I. King Jordan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Cubano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
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Cabello M, Mendoza Y, Bello G. Spatiotemporal dynamics of dissemination of non-pandemic HIV-1 subtype B clades in the Caribbean region. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106045. [PMID: 25148215 PMCID: PMC4141835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) epidemic in the Caribbean region is mostly driven by subtype B; but information about the pattern of viral spread in this geographic region is scarce and different studies point to quite divergent models of viral dissemination. In this study, we reconstructed the spatiotemporal and population dynamics of the HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in the Caribbean. A total of 1,806 HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences collected from 17 different Caribbean islands between 1996 and 2011 were analyzed together with sequences from the United States (n = 525) and France (n = 340) included as control. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses revealed that HIV-1 subtype B infections in the Caribbean are driven by dissemination of the pandemic clade (BPANDEMIC) responsible for most subtype B infections across the world, and older non-pandemic lineages (BCAR) characteristics of the Caribbean region. The non-pandemic BCAR strains account for >40% of HIV-1 infections in most Caribbean islands; with exception of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses indicate that BCAR strains probably arose in the island of Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic) around the middle 1960s and were later disseminated to Trinidad and Tobago and to Jamaica between the late 1960s and the early 1970s. In the following years, the BCAR strains were also disseminated from Hispaniola and Trinidad and Tobago to other Lesser Antilles islands at multiple times. The BCAR clades circulating in Hispaniola, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago appear to have experienced an initial phase of exponential growth, with mean estimated growth rates of 0.35-0.45 year(-1), followed by a more recent stabilization since the middle 1990s. These results demonstrate that non-pandemic subtype B lineages have been widely disseminated through the Caribbean since the late 1960s and account for an important fraction of current HIV-1 infections in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cabello
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yaxelis Mendoza
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur City, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
- INDICASAT-AIP, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City, Panama
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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