1
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Is the regulation by miRNAs of NTPDase1 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase genes involved with the different profiles of breast cancer subtypes? Purinergic Signal 2021; 18:123-133. [PMID: 34741235 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a public health problem worldwide, causing suffering and premature death among women. As a heterogeneous disease, BC-specific diagnosis and treatment are challenging. Ectonucleotidases are related to tumor development and their expression may vary among BC. miRNAs may participate in epigenetic events and may regulate ectonucleotidases in BC. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of ectonucleotidases according to BC subtypes and to predict if there is post-transcriptional regulation of them by miRNAs. MCF 10A (non-tumorigenic), MCF7 (luminal BC), and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative BC - TNBC) breast cell lines were used and ENTPD1 (the gene encoding for NTPDase1) and NT5E (the gene encoding for ecto-5'-nucleotidase) gene expression was determined. Interestingly, the expression of ENTPD1 was only observed in MCF7 and NT5E was lower in MCF7 compared to MDA-MB-231 cell line. ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis were observed on the surface of all cell lines, being higher in MDA-MB-231. Like qPCR, the activity of AMP hydrolysis was also lower in the MCF7 cells, which may represent a striking feature of this BC subtype. In silico analyses confirmed that the miRNAs miR-101-3p, miR-141-3p, and miR-340-5p were higher expressed in MCF7 cells and targeted NT5E mRNA. Altogether, data suggest that the regulation of NT5E by miRNAs in MCF7 lineage may direct the molecular profile of luminal BC. Thus, we suggest that the roles of ecto-5'-nucleotidase and the aforementioned miRNAs must be unraveled in TNBC to be possibly defined as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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2
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P2Y 12 Purinergic Receptor and Brain Tumors: Implications on Glioma Microenvironment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206146. [PMID: 34684726 PMCID: PMC8540665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults, characterized by a high proliferation and invasion. The tumor microenvironment is rich in growth-promoting signals and immunomodulatory pathways, which increase the tumor's aggressiveness. In response to hypoxia and glioma therapy, the amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) strongly increase in the extracellular space, and the purinergic signaling is triggered by nucleotides' interaction in P2 receptors. Several cell types are present in the tumor microenvironment and can facilitate tumor growth. In fact, tumor cells can activate platelets by the ADP-P2Y12 engagement, which plays an essential role in the cancer context, protecting tumors from the immune attack and providing molecules that contribute to the growth and maintenance of a rich environment to sustain the protumor cycle. Besides platelets, the P2Y12 receptor is expressed by some tumors, such as renal carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and gliomas, being related to tumor progression. In this context, this review aims to depict the glioma microenvironment, focusing on the relationship between platelets and tumor malignancy.
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3
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Delhase M. Identification of genes differentially expressed between a somatotrope and a lactotrope pituitary cell lines by representational difference analysis. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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4
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Haas CB, Lovászi M, Braganhol E, Pacher P, Haskó G. Ectonucleotidases in Inflammation, Immunity, and Cancer. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1983-1990. [PMID: 33879578 PMCID: PMC10037530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze nucleotides such as ATP, UTP, ADP, and UDP to monophosphates derivates such as AMP and UMP. The NTPDase family consists of eight enzymes, of which NTPDases 1, 2, 3, and 8 are expressed on cell membranes thereby hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides. Cell membrane NTPDases are expressed in all tissues, in which they regulate essential physiological tissue functions such as development, blood flow, hormone secretion, and neurotransmitter release. They do so by modulating nucleotide-mediated purinergic signaling through P2 purinergic receptors. NTPDases 1, 2, 3, and 8 also play a key role during infection, inflammation, injury, and cancer. Under these conditions, NTPDases can contribute and control the pathophysiology of infectious, inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of NTPDases, focusing on the less understood NTPDases 2-8, in regulating inflammation and immunity during infectious, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY;
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5
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Characterization of the Endometrial MSC Marker Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase-2 (NTPDase2/CD39L1) in Low- and High-Grade Endometrial Carcinomas: Loss of Stromal Expression in the Invasive Phenotypes. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050331. [PMID: 33922226 PMCID: PMC8146812 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-2 (NTPDase2/CD39L1) has been described in human non-pathological endometrium in both epithelial and stromal components without changes along the cycle. It was identified as a stromal marker of basalis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate NTPDase2 distribution, using immunolabeling and in situ enzyme activity approaches, in endometrial carcinoma (EC) at different tumor grades. NTPDase2 was present in tumor epithelial EC cells, as in the non-pathological endometria, but the expression underwent changes in subcellular distribution and also tended to decrease with the tumor grade. In stroma, NTPDase2 was identified exclusively at the tumor-myometrial junction but this expression was lost in tumors of invasive phenotype. We have also identified in EC samples the presence of the perivascular population of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) positive for sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) and for NTPDase2, already described in non-tumoral endometrium. Our results point to NTPDase2 as a histopathological marker of tumor invasion in EC, with diagnostic relevance especially in cases of EC coexisting with other endometrial disorders, such as adenomyosis, which occasionally hampers the assessment of tumor invasion parameters.
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6
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Sharif EU, Kalisiak J, Lawson KV, Miles DH, Newcomb E, Lindsey EA, Rosen BR, Debien LPP, Chen A, Zhao X, Young SW, Walker NP, Sträter N, Scaletti ER, Jin L, Xu G, Leleti MR, Powers JP. Discovery of Potent and Selective Methylenephosphonic Acid CD73 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:845-860. [PMID: 33399453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors are often associated with high levels of extracellular ATP. Ectonucleotidases catalyze the sequential hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine, which potently suppresses T-cell and NK-cell functions via the adenosine receptors (A2a and A2b). The ectonucleotidase CD73 catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine. Thus, increased CD73 enzymatic activity in the tumor microenvironment is a potential mechanism for tumor immune evasion and has been associated with poor prognosis in the clinic. CD73 inhibition is anticipated to restore immune function by skirting this major mechanism of adenosine generation. We have developed a series of potent and selective methylenephosphonic acid CD73 inhibitors via a structure-based design. Key binding interactions of the known inhibitor adenosine-5'-(α,β-methylene)diphosphate (AMPCP) with hCD73 provided the foundation for our early designs. The structure-activity relationship study guided by this structure-based design led to the discovery of 4a, which exhibits excellent potency against CD73, exquisite selectivity against related ectonucleotidases, and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehesan U Sharif
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Kalisiak
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Kenneth V Lawson
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Dillon H Miles
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Eric Newcomb
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Erick A Lindsey
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Brandon R Rosen
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Laurent P P Debien
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Ada Chen
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Stephen W Young
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Nigel P Walker
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emma R Scaletti
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lixia Jin
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Guifen Xu
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Manmohan R Leleti
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jay P Powers
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
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7
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Bergamin LS. P2X7 receptors and glioma cells. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:253-254. [PMID: 32870442 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Scussel Bergamin
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 74, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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8
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Beatty JW, Lindsey EA, Thomas-Tran R, Debien L, Mandal D, Jeffrey JL, Tran AT, Fournier J, Jacob SD, Yan X, Drew SL, Ginn E, Chen A, Pham AT, Zhao S, Jin L, Young SW, Walker NP, Leleti MR, Moschütz S, Sträter N, Powers JP, Lawson KV. Discovery of Potent and Selective Non-Nucleotide Small Molecule Inhibitors of CD73. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3935-3955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel W. Beatty
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Erick A. Lindsey
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Rhiannon Thomas-Tran
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Laurent Debien
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Debashis Mandal
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jenna L. Jeffrey
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Anh T. Tran
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jeremy Fournier
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Steven D. Jacob
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Xuelei Yan
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Samuel L. Drew
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Elaine Ginn
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Ada Chen
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Amber T. Pham
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Sharon Zhao
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Lixia Jin
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Stephen W. Young
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Nigel P. Walker
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Manmohan Reddy Leleti
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Susanne Moschütz
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jay P. Powers
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Kenneth V. Lawson
- Arcus Biosciences, Inc., 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
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9
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Role of Infiltrating Microglia/Macrophages in Glioma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:281-298. [PMID: 32034719 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter we describe the state of the art knowledge of the role played by myeloid cells in promoting and supporting the growth and the invasive properties of a deadly brain tumor, glioblastoma. We provide a review of the works describing the intercellular communication among glioma and associated microglia/macrophage cells (GAMs) using in vitro cellular models derived from mice, rats and human patients and in vivo animal models using syngeneic or xenogeneic experimental systems. Special emphasis will be given to 1) the timing alteration of brain microenvironment under the influence of glioma, 2) the bidirectional communication among tumor and GAMs, 3) possible approaches to interfere with or to guide these interactions, with the aim to identify molecular and cellular targets which could revert or delay the vicious cycle that favors tumor biology.
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10
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Role of the P2X7 receptor in in vitro and in vivo glioma tumor growth. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4840-4856. [PMID: 31448051 PMCID: PMC6690673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glioblastoma cells are strikingly refractory to ATP-stimulated, P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)-mediated cytotoxicity. To elucidate the mechanistic basis of this feature, we investigated P2X7R-dependent responses in wild type and P2X7R-transfected U138 cells. Mouse GL261 glioma cells were used as an additional control. Here, we report that wild type U138 glioma cells expressed the P2X7R to very low level. Contrary to human U138 cells, mouse GL261 cells showed strong P2X7R expression and P2X7R-dependent responses. Transfection of wild type P2RX7 into U138 cells fully restored P2X7R-dependent responses. P2RX7 transfection conferred a negligible in vitro growth advantage to U138 cells, while strongly accelerated in vivo growth. In silico analysis showed that the P2RX7 gene is seldom mutated in specimens from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. These observations suggest that the P2X7R might be an important receptor promoting GBM growth.
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11
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Mânica A, da Silva Rosa Bonadiman B, Cardoso AM, Paiz A, Siepko C, de Souza JVG, Moreno M, Moreno A, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM, Bagatini MD. The signaling effects of ATP on melanoma-like skin cancer. Cell Signal 2019; 59:122-130. [PMID: 30926387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer originated by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Increasing incidence and mortality require efforts focused on studies and research about this cancer. Its microenvironment is rich in extracellular ATP, but there are no studies evaluating the ectonucleotidases and ATP effects on tumor-derived melanoma cells with known amounts of ATP. This way, the objective of this work was to evaluate the purinergic signaling in the pathophysiology of in vivo melanoma and the in vitro effects of ATP signaling. We found increased and effective extracellular ATP hydrolysis in platelets and a significant decrease of extracellular ATP levels and adenosine hydrolysis. In addition, we cultured PBMCs of melanoma patients and used ATP salt with specific concentrations to evaluate its signaling effects. The enzymatic activity analysis revealed that even with higher ATP doses cells metabolize adenine nucleotides less efficiently, and present low ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolytic activity in CM compared to CT cells. In summary, we showed for the first time important data about the purinergic signaling in the pathophysiology of melanoma and ATP signaling exercising immunosuppressive effects. Therefore, as already shown for other tumors, the purinergic signaling should be considered a potential target for melanoma management and treatment and could offer novel therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Mânica
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Toxicological Biochemistry), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Academic Coordination, Campus Chapecó, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Moreno
- Academic Coordination, Campus Chapecó, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - André Moreno
- Academic Coordination, Campus Chapecó, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Toxicological Biochemistry), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Post-graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Toxicological Biochemistry), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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12
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Lee SY, Luo X, Namasivayam V, Geiss J, Mirza S, Pelletier J, Stephan H, Sévigny J, Müller CE. Development of a selective and highly sensitive fluorescence assay for nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1, CD39). Analyst 2019; 143:5417-5430. [PMID: 30303204 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase1 (NTPDase1, CD39) is a major ectonucleotidase that hydrolyzes proinflammatory ATP via ADP to AMP, which is subsequently converted by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) to immunosuppressive adenosine. Activation of CD39 has potential for treating inflammatory diseases, while inhibition was suggested as a novel strategy for the immunotherapy of cancer. In the present study, we developed a selective and highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis (CE) assay using a novel fluorescent CD39 substrate, a fluorescein-labelled ATP (PSB-170621A) that is converted to its AMP derivative. To accelerate the assays, a two-directional (forward and reverse) CE system was implemented using 96-well plates, which is suitable for the screening of compound libraries (Z'-factor: 0.7). The detection limits for the forward and reverse operation were 11.7 and 2.00 pM, respectively, indicating a large enhancement in sensitivity as compared to previous methods (e.g. malachite-green assay: 1 000 000-fold, CE-UV assay: 500 000-fold, fluorescence polarization immunoassay: 12 500-fold). Enzyme kinetic studies at human CD39 revealed a Km value of 19.6 μM, and a kcat value of 119 × 10-3 s-1 for PSB-170621A, which shows similar substrate properties as ATP (11.4 μM and 82.5 × 10-3 s-1). The compound displayed similar properties at rat and mouse CD39. Subsequent docking studies into a homology model of human CD39 revealed a hydrophobic pocket that accommodates the fluorescein tag. PSB-170621A was found to be preferably hydrolyzed by CD39 as compared to other ectonucleotidases. The new assay was validated by performing inhibition assays with several standard CD39 inhibitors yielding results that were consonant with data using the natural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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13
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Wu L, Liu H, Guo H, Wu Q, Yu S, Qin Y, Wang G, Wu Q, Zhang R, Wang L, Zhang L, Liu C, Jiao S, Liu T. Circulating and tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cervical carcinoma patients. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9507-9515. [PMID: 29844835 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) serve an immunosuppressive role in human tumors. Human Lin-/low human leukocyte antigen-antigen D related (HLA-DR-) cluster of differentiation (CD)-11b+CD33+ MDSCs are closely linked with tumor staging, progression, clinical therapeutic efficacy and prognosis for various types of tumors. The present study employed multiparametric flow cytometry to measure the proportion of Lin-/lowHLA-DR-CD11b+CD33+ MDSCs in the peripheral blood of 105 cervical cancer patients and 50 healthy subjects. The level of MDSC was higher in tumor patients than in the normal control group and this was closely associated with clinical staging. Further analysis of tumor-infiltrating MDSCs was performed in 22 patients. The MDSC proportions in tumor tissue were significantly higher than those in the corresponding adjacent tissue. The phenotypic characteristics of Lin-/lowHLA-DR-CD11b+CD33+ MDSCs were then evaluated and the results revealed that they express high CD13 and CD39, and low CD115, CD117, CD124 and programmed cell death ligand 1; they were also devoid of CD14, CD15 and CD66b. MDSCs and T-cells from peripheral blood were sorted by flow cytometry for co-culture experiments. Lin-/lowHLA-DR-CD11b+CD33+ MDSCs from patients significantly inhibited the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T-cells. Furthermore, functional analysis verified that MDSCs from cervical cancer patients could inhibit interleukin-2 and interferon-γ production from T-cells. In addition, the associations between peripheral circulating MDSCs and tumor infiltrating MDSCs, and tumor relapse and metastasis were analyzed. The number of peripheral MDSCs and MDSCs in tumor tissue were observed to be associated with relapse-free survival. Thus, MDSCs in the peripheral blood and tumors of cervical cancer patients have a significant immunosuppressive effect, and are associated with cervical cancer staging and metastasis. These results suggest that targeting MDSCs may increase antitumor immunity and increase the efficacy of cervical cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hongchuan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Songyan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Lingxiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Chunxi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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14
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McLarnon JG. Roles of purinergic P2X 7 receptor in glioma and microglia in brain tumors. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:93-99. [PMID: 28536012 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This review considers evidence suggesting that activation of the ionotropic purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) is a contributing factor in the growth of brain tumors. Importantly, expression of P2X7R may be upregulated in both glioma cells and in immune responding microglial cells with possible differential effects on tumor progression. The recruitment of immune cells into tumor regions may not only be involved in supporting an immunosuppressive environment aiding tumor growth but activated microglia could secrete inflammatory factors promoting neoangiogenesis in expanding tumors. The subtype P2X7R exhibits a number of unique properties including activation of the receptor in pathological conditions associated with developing brain tumors. In particular, the tumor microenvironment includes elevated levels of ATP required for activation of P2X7R and the sustained tumor and immune cell P2X7R-mediated responses which in total contribute to overall tumor growth and viability. Studies on cultured rat and human glioma show marked increases in expression of P2X7R and enhanced cell mobility relative to control. Glioma cell animal models demonstrate enhanced expression of P2X7R in both glioma and microglia with antagonism of receptor showing differential effects on tumor growth. Overall, P2X7R activation is associated with a complexity of modulatory actions on tumor growth in part due to ubiquitous expression of the receptor in glioma and immune responsive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G McLarnon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Lee SY, Müller CE. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) and its inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:823-840. [PMID: 30108800 PMCID: PMC6072468 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1, EC 3.1.4.1) is a metalloenzyme that belongs to the NPP family, which comprises seven subtypes (NPP1-7). NPP1 hydrolyzes a wide range of phosphodiester bonds, e.g. in nucleoside triphosphates, (cyclic) dinucleotides, and nucleotide sugars yielding nucleoside 5'-monophosphates as products. Its main substrate is ATP which is cleaved to AMP and diphosphate. The enzyme is involved in various biological processes including bone mineralization, soft-tissue calcification, insulin receptor signalling, cancer cell proliferation and immune modulation. Therefore, NPP1 inhibitors have potential as novel drugs, e.g. for (immuno)oncology. In the last two decades several inhibitors of NPP1 derived from nucleotide- or non-nucleotide scaffolds have been developed. The most potent and selective NPP1-inhibitory substrate analog is adenosine 5'-α,β-methylene-γ-thiotriphosphate (Ki = 20 nM vs. p-Nph-5'-TMP, human membrane-bound NPP1). Non-nucleotide-derived NPP1 inhibitors comprise polysulfonates, polysaccharides, polyoxometalates and small heterocyclic compounds. The polyoxometalate [TiW11CoO40]8- (PSB-POM141) is the most potent and selective NPP1 inhibitor described to date (Ki = 1.46 nM vs. ATP, human soluble NPP1); it displays an allosteric mechanism of inhibition and represents a useful pharmacological tool for evaluating the potential of NPP1 as a novel drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn , Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 228 73 2480
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn , Pharmaceutical Institute , Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 228 73 2480
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Lee SY, Sarkar S, Bhattarai S, Namasivayam V, De Jonghe S, Stephan H, Herdewijn P, El-Tayeb A, Müller CE. Substrate-Dependence of Competitive Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase1 (NPP1) Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:54. [PMID: 28261095 PMCID: PMC5309242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase type 1 (NPP1) is a membrane glycoprotein involved in the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. Its major substrate is ATP which is converted to AMP and diphosphate. NPP1 was proposed as a new therapeutic target in brain cancer and immuno-oncology. Several NPP1 inhibitors have been reported to date, most of which were evaluated vs. the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl 5′-thymidine monophosphate (p-Nph-5′-TMP). Recently, we observed large discrepancies in inhibitory potencies for a class of competitive NPP1 inhibitors when tested vs. the artificial substrate p-Nph-5′-TMP as compared to the natural substrate ATP. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate whether inhibitors of human NPP1 generally display substrate-dependent inhibitory potency. Systematic evaluation of nucleotidic as well as non-nucleotidic NPP1 inhibitors revealed significant differences in determined Ki values for competitive, but not for non- and un-competitive inhibitors when tested vs. the frequently used artificial substrate p-Nph-5′-TMP as compared to ATP. Allosteric modulation of NPP1 by p-Nph-5′-TMP may explain these discrepancies. Results obtained using the AMP derivative p-nitrophenyl 5′-adenosine monophosphate (p-Nph-5′-AMP) as an alternative artificial substrate correlated much better with those employing the natural substrate ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Soumya Sarkar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Sanjay Bhattarai
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Dresden, Germany
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali El-Tayeb
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
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Bergamin LS, Braganhol E, Figueiró F, Casali EA, Zanin RF, Sévigny J, Battastini AMO. Involvement of purinergic system in the release of cytokines by macrophages exposed to glioma-conditioned medium. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:721-9. [PMID: 25546398 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in cancer progression. M1 macrophages have an antitumor effect, whereas M2 phenotype are associated with tumor growth. The progression of gliomas involves the participation of an inflammatory microenvironment. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can act as pro-inflammatory signal, whereas adenosine has opposite properties. The biological effects of extracellular nucleotides/nucleosides mediated by purinergic receptors are controlled by ectonucleotidases. In the present work, we evaluated whether glioma-conditioned medium (GL-CM) modulates macrophage differentiation and the participation of ATP and adenosine in the release of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines by these cells. The results show that macrophages exposed to GL-CM were modulated to an M2-like phenotype. HPLC analysis of GL-CM demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of ATP and its metabolites. Macrophages exposed to GL-CM presented decreased ATP and AMP hydrolysis and increased IL-10 and MCP-1 secretion, effects that were diminished by P1 or P2 antagonists. GL-CM did not alter the release of IL-6 by macrophages, although treatment with ATP promoted an increase in the release of IL-6, which was prevented by a P2X7 antagonist. In summary, we found that A2A and P2X7 activation is necessary for IL-10, MCP-1, and IL-6 release by macrophages exposed to GL-CM, which, in turn, modulates the macrophages to M2-phenotype. The present study establishes a relationship between M2-like polarization, cytokine release and purinergic receptor activation in macrophages exposed to GL-CM. Therefore, the data presented herein contributes to advancing in the field of cancer-related inflammation and point specific purinergic receptors as targets for modulation of the phenotype of glioma-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Scussel Bergamin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Extracellular nucleotides as novel, underappreciated pro-metastatic factors that stimulate purinergic signaling in human lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:201. [PMID: 26597723 PMCID: PMC4657356 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the challenging problems of current radio-chemotherapy is recurrence and metastasis of cancer cells that survive initial treatment. We propose that one of the unwanted effects of radiochemotherapy is the release from damaged (“leaky”) cells of nucleotides such as ATP and UTP that exert pro-metastatic functions and can directly stimulate chemotaxis of cancer cells. Methods To address this problem in a model of human lung cancer (LC), we employed several complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches to demonstrate the role of extracellular nucleotides (EXNs) in LC cell line metastasis and tumor progression. We measured concentrations of EXNs in several organs before and after radiochemotherapy. The purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists, inhibiting all or selected subtypes of receptors, were employed in in vitro and in vivo pro-metastatic assays. Results We found that EXNs accumulate in several organs in response to radiochemotherapy, and RT-PCR analysis revealed that most of the P1 and P2 receptor subtypes are expressed in human LC cells. EXNs were found to induce chemotaxis and adhesion of LC cells, and an autocrine loop was identified that promotes the proliferation of LC cells. Most importantly, metastasis of these cells could be inhibited in immunodeficient mice in the presence of specific small molecule inhibitors of purinergic receptors. Conclusions Based on this result, EXNs are novel pro-metastatic factors released particularly during radiochemotherapy, and inhibition of their pro-metastatic effects via purinergic signaling could become an important part of anti-metastatic treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0469-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Vinette V, Placet M, Arguin G, Gendron FP. Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 Expression Is Upregulated by Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Enhances Their Survival to Chemotherapeutic Drugs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136080. [PMID: 26295158 PMCID: PMC4546675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) is a signaling molecule that induces a plethora of effects ranging from the regulation of cell proliferation to modulation of cancerous cell behavior. In colorectal cancer, ATP was reported to stimulate epithelial cell proliferation and possibly promote resistance to anti-cancer treatments. However, the exact role of this danger-signaling molecule on cancerous intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in response to chemotherapeutic agents remains unknown. To address how ATP may influence the response of cancerous IECs to chemotherapeutic agents, we used Caco-2 cells, which display enterocyte-like features, to determine the effect of ATP on the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). Gene and protein expression were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Resistance to etoposide, cisplatin and doxorubicin was determined by MTT assays in response to ATP stimulation of Caco-2 cells and in cells for which MRP2 expression was down-regulated by shRNA. ATP increased the expression of MRP2 at both the mRNA and protein levels. MRP2 expression involved an ATP-dependent stimulation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway that was associated with an increase in relative resistance of Caco-2 cells to etoposide. Abolition of MRP2 expression using shRNA significantly reduced the protective effect of MRP2 toward etoposide as well as to cisplatin and doxorubicin. This study describes the mechanism by which ATP may contribute to the chemoresistance of cancerous IECs in colorectal cancer. Given the heterogeneity of colorectal adenocarcinoma responses to anti-cancer drugs, these findings call for further study to understand the role of P2 receptors in cancer drug therapy and to develop novel therapies aimed at regulating P2 receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vinette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morgane Placet
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Arguin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fernand-Pierre Gendron
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Soares AS, Costa VM, Diniz C, Fresco P. Inosine strongly enhances proliferation of human C32 melanoma cells through PLC-PKC-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 116:25-36. [PMID: 24909096 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most deadly type of skin cancer. The lack of effective pharmacological approaches for this tumour can be related to the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in melanoma cell proliferation. Adenosine has growth-promoting and growth inhibitory effects on tumour cells. We aimed to investigate effects of adenosine and its metabolic product, inosine, on human C32 melanoma cells and the signalling pathways involved. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) proliferation assays were used to evaluate adenosine, adenosine deaminase and inosine effects, in the absence or presence of adenosine receptor (AR), A3 AR and P2Y1 R antagonists and PLC, PKC, MEK1/2 and PI3K inhibitors. ERK1/2 levels were determined using an ELISA kit. Adenosine and inosine levels were quantified using an enzyme-coupled assay. Adenosine caused cell proliferation through AR activation. Adenosine deaminase increased inosine levels (nanomolar concentrations) on the extracellular space, in a time-dependent manner, inducing proliferation through A3 AR activation. Micromolar concentrations of inosine enhanced proliferation through A3 AR activation, causing an increase in ERK1/2 levels, and P2Y1 R activation via ENT-dependent mechanisms. We propose the simultaneous activation of PLC-PKC-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways as the main mechanism responsible for the proliferative effect elicited by inosine and its significant role in melanoma cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Soares
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Fiene A, Baqi Y, Lecka J, Sévigny J, Müller CE. Fluorescence polarization immunoassays for monitoring nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) activity. Analyst 2015; 140:140-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel and very sensitive fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA) for the screening of NTPDases have been successfully established and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Fiene
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
| | - Younis Baqi
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
| | - Joanna Lecka
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie
- Faculté de Médecine
- Université Laval
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie
- Faculté de Médecine
- Université Laval
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
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Shah HS, Al-Oweini R, Haider A, Kortz U, Iqbal J. Cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibition studies of polyoxometalates and their chitosan nanoassemblies. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:341-352. [PMID: 28962250 PMCID: PMC5598103 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) have become very significant in biomedical research for their structural diversity which renders them highly active against bacterial, viral and cancer diseases. In this study three different POMs were synthesized and nanoassemblies were made with chitosan (CTS), a natural biodegradable polymer with excellent drug carrier properties. The compounds were tested on two isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatases including tissue specific calf intestine alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Compound [TeW6O24]6− (TeW6) showed the highest activity (45.4 ± 11.3 nM) among tested compounds against TNAP. Similarly, chitosan-[TeW6O24]6− (CTS-TeW6) was proved to be a potent inhibitor of CIAP with Ki value of 22 ± 7 nM. A comparative study was made to evaluate their cytotoxic potential against HeLa cells. Among all tested compounds, Chitosan-[NaP5W30O110]14− (CTS-P5W30) has showed higher percent cytotoxicity (88 ± 10%) at 10 μM when compared with the standard anticancer drug vincristine (72 ± 7%). The study revealed that selected POMs proved excellent anticancer potential and were equally effective against alkaline phosphatase enzyme, an increased level of which may indicate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Saeed Shah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Rami Al-Oweini
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ali Haider
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kortz
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University, P.O. Box 750 561, 28725 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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Stem cell characteristics in glioblastoma are maintained by the ecto-nucleotidase E-NPP1. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:929-40. [PMID: 24531536 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly aggressive brain tumours and are characterised by substantial cellular heterogeneity within a single tumour. A sub-population of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) that shares properties with neural precursor cells has been described, exhibiting resistance to therapy and therefore being considered responsible for the high recurrence rate in glioblastoma. To elucidate the underlying cellular processes we investigated the role of phosphatases in the GSC phenotype, using an in vitro phosphatome-wide RNA interference screen. We identified a set of genes, the knockdown of which induces a significant decrease in the glioma stem cell marker CD133, indicating a role in the glioblastoma stem-like phenotype. Among these genes, the ecto-nucleotidase ENPP1 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1) was found to be highly expressed in GSCs compared with normal brain and neural stem cells. Knockdown of ENPP1 in cultured GSCs resulted in an overall downregulation of stem cell-associated genes, induction of differentiation into astrocytic cell lineage, impairment of sphere formation, in addition to increased cell death, accumulation of cells in G1/G0 cell cycle phase and sensitisation to chemotherapeutic treatment. Genome-wide gene expression analysis and nucleoside and nucleotide profiling revealed that knockdown of ENPP1 affects purine and pyrimidine metabolism, suggesting a link between ENPP1 expression and a balanced nucleoside-nucleotide pool in GSCs. The phenotypic changes in E-NPP1-deficient GSCs are assumed to be a consequence of decreased transcriptional function of E2F1. Together, these results reveal that E-NPP1, by acting upstream of E2F1, is indispensable for the maintenance of GSCs in vitro and hence required to keep GSCs in an undifferentiated, proliferative state.
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Rockenbach L, Braganhol E, Dietrich F, Figueiró F, Pugliese M, Edelweiss MIA, Morrone FB, Sévigny J, Battastini AMO. NTPDase3 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 are differentially expressed during mouse bladder cancer progression. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:421-30. [PMID: 24464643 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer among men in the world. The current treatments for this malignancy are not efficient to prevent the recurrence and progression of tumors. Then, researches continue looking for better therapeutic targets which can end up in new and more efficient treatments. One of the recent findings was the identification that the purinergic system was involved in bladder tumorigenesis. The ectonucleotidases, mainly ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 have been revealed as new players in cancer progression and malignity. In this work, we investigated the NTPDase3 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 expression in cancer progression in vivo. Bladder tumor was induced in mice by the addition of 0.05 % of N-butyl-N-(hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) in the drinking water for 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 weeks. After this period, mice bladders were removed for histopathology analysis and immunofluorescence assays. The bladder of animals which has received BBN had alterations, mainly inflammation, in initial times of tumor induction. After 18 weeks, mice's bladder has developed histological alterations similar to human transitional cell carcinoma. The cancerous urothelium, from mice that received BBN for 18 and 24 weeks, presented a weak immunostaining to NTPDase3, in contrast to an increased expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73. The altered expression of NTPDase3 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 presented herein adds further evidence to support the idea that alterations in ectonucleotidases are involved in bladder tumorigenesis and reinforce the ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 as a future biomarker and/or a target for pharmacological therapy of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rockenbach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
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25
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Multilevel pharmacological manipulation of adenosine-prostaglandin E₂/cAMP nexus in the tumor microenvironment: a 'two hit' therapeutic opportunity. Pharmacol Res 2013; 73:8-19. [PMID: 23619528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel trends in cancer treatment research are focused on targeting the tumor microenvironment, thereby developing chemo-immunotherapeutic strategies which not only directly kill tumor cells, but also trigger the anti-tumor immune effector responses. Ectonucleotidases (CD39 and CD73)-generated extracellular adenosine and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)-derived prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) are amongst the tumor microenvironmental factors that have emerged as attractive targets in this regard. Both comprise a pivotal axis in tumor progression and immune escape via autocrine and paracrine activation of a common intracellular signaling pathway, the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, in cancer and immune cells. In this review, we venture a potential and realistic strategy that this adenosine-PGE₂/cAMP nexus is targetable at different levels, thereby pointing out a 'two hit' chemo-immunotherapeutic proposition: direct killing of tumor cells on one hand, and the rescuing of endogenous anti-tumor immune response on the other. The reviewed experimental, preclinical and clinical data provide the proof of concept that 'two hit' multilevel pharmacological manipulation of adenosine-E₂/cAMP nexus is achievable within the tumor microenvironment.
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Zhang B, Wang Z, Wu L, Zhang M, Li W, Ding J, Zhu J, Wei H, Zhao K. Circulating and tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with colorectal carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57114. [PMID: 23437326 PMCID: PMC3577767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous family of myeloid cells that suppress T cell immunity in tumor-bearing hosts. In patients with colon cancer, MDSCs have recently been described as Lin−/lowHLA-DR−CD11b+CD33+ cells correlating with cancer stage, metastasis and chemotherapy response. To learn in more detail the dynamic change and clinical relevance of circulating and tumor-infiltrating Lin−/lowHLA-DR−CD11b+CD33+ MDSC in colorectal cancer, we harvested the blood from 64 patients with varying stage of colorectal cancer and tumor and matched paraneoplastic tissues from 5 patients with advanced colorectal cancer, subjected them to multicolor flow cytometric analysis of percentage, absolute number and phenotype of MDSC and finally characterized their immunosuppressive functions. Our results demonstrate that peripheral blood from colorectal cancer patients contains markedly increased percentage and absolute number of Lin−/lowHLA-DR−CD11b+CD33+ MDSCs compared with healthy individuals, and this increase is closely correlated with clinical cancer stage and tumor metastasis but not primary tumor size and serum concentrations of cancer biomarker. A similar increase of MDSCs was also observed in the tumor tissues. Phenotyping MDSCs shows that they express high CD13 and CD39, low CD115, CD117, CD124 and PD-L1, and devoid of CD14, CD15 and CD66b, reminiscent of precursor myeloid cells. MDSCs from cancer patients but not healthy donors have the immunosuppressive activity and were able to inhibit in vitro autologous T-cell proliferation. Collectively, this study substantiates the presence of increased immunosuppressive circulating and tumor-resident Lin−/lowHLA-DR−CD11b+CD33+ MDSCs in patients with colorectal cancers correlating with cancer stage and metastasis, and suggests that pharmacologic blockade of MDSCs should be considered in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Colo-Rectal Disease Surgery, The Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology,PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Cancer Center Lab, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Colo-Rectal Disease Surgery, The Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Department of Colo-Rectal Disease Surgery, The Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Colo-Rectal Disease Surgery, The Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huafeng Wei
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (KZ)
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Colo-Rectal Disease Surgery, The Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (KZ)
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