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Feng J, Wang Y, Xiang S, Luo Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Cao Y, Zhou M, Zhao C. Applying GC-MS based serum metabolomic profiling to characterize two traditional Chinese medicine subtypes of diabetic foot gangrene. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1384307. [PMID: 38725871 PMCID: PMC11079259 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1384307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and particular advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot gangrene (DFG). Patients with DFG are mainly divided into two subtypes, tendon lesion with edema (GT) and ischemic lesion without edema (GI), which are suitable for different medical strategies. Metabolomics has special significance in unravelling the complexities of multifactorial and multisystemic disorders. This study acquired the serum metabolomic profiles of two traditional Chinese medicine subtypes of DFG to explore potential molecular evidence for subtype characterization, which may contribute to the personalized treatment of DFG. A total of 70 participants were recruited, including 20 with DM and 50 with DFG (20 with GI and 30 with GT). Conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used as untargeted metabolomics approaches to explore the serum metabolomic profiles. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and MetaboAnalyst were used to identify the related metabolic pathways. Compared with DM patients, the levels of 14 metabolites were altered in the DFG group, which were also belonged to the differential metabolites of GI (13) and GT (7) subtypes, respectively. Among these, urea, α-D-mannose, cadaverine, glutamine, L-asparagine, D-gluconic acid, and indole could be regarded as specific potential metabolic markers for GI, as well as L-leucine for GT. In the GI subtype, D-gluconic acid and L-asparagine are positively correlated with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB). In the GT subtype, L-leucine is positively correlated with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). Arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis are the most important metabolic pathways associated with GI. The main metabolic pathways related to GT include pyrimidine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, as well as valine, serine, and isoleucine with metabolites. The results of this study indicate that patients with different DFG subtypes have distinct metabolic profiles, which reflect the pathological characteristics of each subtype respectively. These findings will help us explore therapeutic targets for DFG and develop precise treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Feng
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengmin Xiang
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongcheng Xu
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Song L, Wang J, Nie J, Zhang Y, Han R, Liu H, Ma N, Yang Z, Li Y. Study on toxicity/efficacy related substances and metabolic mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f based on O2LPS correlation analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116949. [PMID: 37506782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f (TwHF) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and nephritis for hundreds of years. AIM OF THE STUDY Although the efficacy of TwHF in the treatment of RA is definite, its serious side effects and toxicity have also received close attention from domestic and international researchers, so the clinical application of TwHF has been controversial. Most of the current TwHF toxicity studies have been conducted with animals in normal body states, but ignore the effects in pathological states. In this study, we aimed to find out the material basis and metabolic mechanism of the "toxicity/effectiveness" of TwHF on rat kidneys in different body states by using two-way orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, TwHF was extracted by reflux extraction method using ethanol as the extraction solvent. Firstly, the effects of TwHF on rat kidneys in different body states were first evaluated by detecting creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and morphological changes in kidney pathology identified the components of TwHF in rats in different body states using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique. Serum and urine metabolomics were used to search for biomarkers and metabolic pathways by which TwHF exerts renal injury and protection, and finally, O2PLS correlation analysis was used to correlate the components with renal protective and injury biomarkers. RESULTS TwHF was found to have a protective effect on the kidney of RA rats and an injurious effect on the kidney of normal rats at a dose of 11.25 g/kg/d. The UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique was used to identify 34 components in TwHF extracts; 23 components and 57 metabolites were identified in the administered rats. O2PLS screened three substances as both toxic and pharmacodynamic components of TwHF, namely 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl-2-propenl-ol, kaurane-16,19,20-triol, and demethylzeylasteral + O, and found that these three components may exert nephrotoxic effects via the nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolic pathways and nephroprotective effects via the tryptophan metabolic pathway. CONCLUSION In this study, O2PLS analysis was used for the first time to combine biomarkers and components in vivo and found the material basis and metabolic mechanism of nephrotoxicity and efficacy of TwHF, which provided key clues for further study on the biological mechanism of toxicity and efficacy of TwHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jiaxuan Nie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Rui Han
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Ningning Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Poyang Lake Road, West zone, Tuanbo New-City, Jinghai-District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Yousuf S, Malik WA, Feng H, Liu T, Xie L, Miao X. Genome wide identification and characterization of fertility associated novel CircRNAs as ceRNA reveal their regulatory roles in sheep fecundity. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:115. [PMID: 37340323 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive traits play a vital role in determining the production efficiency of sheep. Maximizing the production is of paramount importance for breeders worldwide due to the growing population. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as miRNA sponges by absorbing miRNA activity through miRNA response elements (MREs) and participate in ceRNA regulatory networks (ceRNETs) to regulate mRNA expression. Despite of extensive research on role of circRNAs as miRNA sponges in various species, their specific regulatory roles and mechanism in sheep ovarian tissue are still not well understood. In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing of circRNAs, miRNA and mRNA employing bioinformatic techniques on ovine tissues of two contrasting sheep breeds "Small tail Han (X_LC) and Dolang sheep (D_LC)", which results into identification of 9,878 circRNAs with a total length of 23,522,667 nt and an average length of 2,381.32 nt. Among them, 44 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were identified. Moreover, correlation between miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA provided us with to prediction of miRNA binding sites on nine differentially expressed circRNAs and 165 differentially expressed mRNAs using miRanda. miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA pairs with negative correlation were selected to determine the ceRNA score along with positively correlated pairs from lncRNA and mRNA network. Integration of ceRNA score and positively correlated pairs exhibit a significant ternary relationship among circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA demonestrated by ceRNA, comprising of 50 regulatory pairs sharring common nodes and predicted potential differentially expressed circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs regulatory axis. Based on functional enrichment analysis shortlisted key ceRNA regulatory pairs associated with reproduction including circRNA_3257-novel579_mature-EPHA3, circRNA_8396-novel130_mature-LOC101102473, circRNA_4140- novel34_mature > novel661_mature-KCNK9, and circRNA_8312-novel339_mature-LOC101110545. Furthermore, expression profiling, functional enrichments and qRT-PCR analysis of key target genes infer their implication in reproduction and metabolism. ceRNA target mRNAs evolutionary trajectories, expression profiling, functional enrichments, subcellular localizations following genomic organizations will provide new insights underlying molecular mechanisms of reproduction, and establish a solid foundation for future research. Graphical abstract summarizing the scheme of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salsabeel Yousuf
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Waqar Afzal Malik
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingli Xie
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyang Miao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Appraisal of treatment outcomes in integrative medicine using metabonomics: Taking non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with spleen deficiency syndrome as an example. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:524-533. [PMID: 36031542 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Appraisal of treatment outcomes in integrative medicine is a challenge due to a gap between the concepts of Western medicine (WM) disease and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome. This study presents an approach for the appraisal of integrative medicine that is based on targeted metabolomics. We use non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with spleen deficiency syndrome as a test case. METHODS A patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale was developed based on literature review, Delphi consensus survey, and reliability and validity test, to quantitatively evaluate spleen deficiency syndrome. Then, a metabonomic foundation for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with spleen deficiency syndrome was identified via a longitudinal interventional trial and targeted metabolomics. Finally, an integrated appraisal model was established by identifying metabolites that responded in the treatment of WM disease and TCM syndrome as positive outcomes and using other aspects of the metabonomic foundation as independent variables. RESULTS Ten symptoms and signs were included in the spleen deficiency PRO scale. The internal reliability, content validity, discriminative validity and structural validity of the scale were all qualified. Based on treatment responses to treatments for WM disease (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) or TCM syndrome (spleen deficiency PRO scale score) from a previous randomized controlled trial, two cohorts comprised of 30 participants each were established for targeted metabolomics detection. Twenty-five metabolites were found to be involved in successful treatment outcomes to both WM and TCM, following quantitative comparison and multivariate analysis. Finally, the model of the integrated appraisal system was exploratively established using binary logistic regression; it included 9 core metabolites and had the prediction probability of 83.3%. CONCLUSION This study presented a new and comprehensive research route for integrative appraisal of treatment outcomes for WM disease and TCM syndrome. Critical research techniques used in this research included the development of a TCM syndrome assessment tool, a longitudinal interventional trial with verified TCM treatment, identification of homogeneous metabolites, and statistical modeling.
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Liu B, Guo H, Li L, Geng Q, Zhao N, Tan Y, Nie Z, Ouyang G, Lu A, Lu C. Serum metabolomics analysis of deficiency pattern and excess pattern in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Chin Med 2022; 17:71. [PMID: 35706052 PMCID: PMC9199155 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and refractory autoimmune disease. Deficiency pattern (DP) and excess pattern (EP), as crucial types of Chinese medicine pattern diagnoses published by International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), could provide new strategies for RA diagnosis. However, the biological basis of DP and EP of RA is not explicit. Methods 19 female RA DP patients, 41 female RA EP patients and 30 female healthy participants were included in the study. The serums of participants were collected and analyzed by metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to profile metabolic characteristics of RA DP and EP. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis results were obtained by using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and statistical analysis was performed by SAS version 9.4 for further identification of potential biomarkers. Results Serum metabolic profiling revealed 25 and 24 differential metabolites in RA DP and EP respectively, and 19 metabolites were common to RA DP and EP. Compared with DP group, L-Homocysteic acid, LysoPE(P-16:0/0:0), N(omega)-Hydroxyarginine and LysoPC(16:0/0:0) decreased (P < 0.05), and Pyruvic acid, D-Ribose, Gamma-Glutamylserine, PE(22:0/24:1(15Z)), Inosinic acid increased (P < 0.05) in EP group. Menawhile, S-Nitrosoglutathione, 5-Thymidylic acid, SN38 glucuronide, PE(22:0/24:0), PC(24:0/24:1(15Z)) and Bisdiphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate increased significantly in DP group compared to EP group (P < 0.05). For the unique metabolites, bioinformatics analysis results showed that 5-Methoxytryptamine involved in Melatonin Degradation II and Superpathway of Melatonin Degradation is the key metabolite to RA DP. Meanwhile, GABA is the key metabolite in EP group, which involved in Glutamate Dependent Acid Resistance, GABA Receptor Signaling, Glutamate Degradation III (via 4-aminobutyrate) and 4-aminobutyrate Degradation I. Bioinformatics analysis between unique metabolites of RA DP and EP groups with human target genes for RA showed that 5-methoxytryptamine and LysoPC(18:1(9Z)/0:0), the unique metabolites of RA DP, might participate in colorectal cancer metastasis signaling, tumor microenvironment pathway, apoptosis signaling, MYC mediated apoptosis signaling, erythropoietin signaling pathway and LXR/RXR activation. Simultaneously, GABA, LysoPA(18:1(9Z)/0:0) and L-Targinine, the unique metabolites of RA EP, might participate in neuroinflammation signaling pathway, osteoarthritis pathway, glucocorticoid receptor signaling, ILK signaling, IL-17 signaling and HIF1α signaling. Conclusions The study indicates that serum metabolomics preliminarily revealed the biological basis of RA DP and EP. 5-methoxytryptamine, LysoPC(18:1(9Z)/0:0) and GABA, LysoPA(18:1(9Z)/0:0), L-Targinine might be the predictors to distinguish the DP and EP of RA respectively. These interesting results provide thoughts for further study of traditional medicine patterns of ICD-11. It also contributes to provide strategy for personalized precision treatment of RA and further validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongtao Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qi Geng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhixing Nie
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integreted Tranditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guilin Ouyang
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integreted Tranditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integreted Tranditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
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He Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Yu X, Zhang X, Xing Q, Zhang G. Using Metabolomics in Diabetes Management with Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 49:1813-1837. [PMID: 34961417 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes worldwide continues to rise, placing a huge economic and medical burden on human society. More than 90% of diabetic cases are type 2 diabetes (T2D). At present, the pathogenesis of T2D is not yet fully understood. Metabolomics uses high-resolution analytical techniques (typically NMR and MS) to help identify biomarkers associated with the risk of T2D and reveal potential pathogenesis. Many metabolites such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), aromatic amino acids, glycine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-HB), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (18:2), and trehalose have proven to be biomarkers of T2D. Insulin resistance (IR) induced by BCAA in T2D mice is related to the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1). Incomplete LCFA [Formula: see text]-oxidation promote acylcarnitine byproduct accumulation and stimulates proinflammatory NF[Formula: see text]B-related pathways to inhibit insulin action. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) presents unique advantages in the treatment of T2D. Multiple metabolites and metabolic pathways have been identified in the treatment of TCM, providing valuable biomarkers and novel targets for drug therapy and pharmacological mechanism. Therefore, this paper reviews the modern achievements of metabolomics in T2D research and the progress of TCM management in recent years, in order to provide valuable information for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling He
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Hefang Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Qiaolin Xing
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Gengliang Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Ding L, Wang Z, Xiao Y, Xiao W. Emerging Applications of Metabolomics to Assess the Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicines for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735410. [PMID: 34603052 PMCID: PMC8486080 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common and complex disease that can exacerbate the complications related to cardiovascular disease, and this is especially true for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to the standard pharmacological therapies, T2DM has also been treated with nonconventional regimens such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), e.g., herbal medicines and TCM prescriptions, although the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits remain unclear. In this regard, many studies have used metabolomics technology to elucidate the basis for the efficacy of TCM for T2DM. Metabolomics has recently attracted much attention with regard to drug discovery and pharmacologically relevant natural products. In this review, we summarize the application of metabolomics to the assessment of TCM efficacy for treating T2DM. Increasing evidence suggests that the metabolic profile of an individual patient may reflect a specific type of T2DM syndrome, which may provide a new perspective for disease diagnosis. In addition, TCM has proved effective for countering the metabolic disorders related to T2DM, and this may constitute the basis for TCM efficacy. Therefore, further determining how TCM contributes to the reversal of metabolic disorders, such as using network pharmacology or by assessing the contribution of host–gut microbiota interactions, will also provide researchers with new potential targets for pharmacologic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbo Yang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Lili Ding
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Liu B, Shu H, Zhang L, Bao M, Yi W, Tan Y, Ji X, Zhang C, Zhao N, Pang G, He D, Wang Y, Li L, Yi J, Lu C. Human serum metabolomic analysis reveals progression for high blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e002337. [PMID: 34711543 PMCID: PMC8557281 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most ordinary metabolic disorders and manifests as a high blood sugar level; 80%-90% of patients with T2DM will develop high blood pressure (HBP), which exacerbates irreversible organ damage. Understanding the metabolic basis of HBP is essential to facilitating early diagnosis and prompt treatments of diabetic complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 34 patients who originally had T2DM and then developed HBP within 1 year were selected from physical examination participants. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight metabolomic analysis, we compared the metabolomic profile of patients with 30 healthy controls. The results showed a clear discrimination in metabolomic profiles between T2DM and T2DM+HBP when employing orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis with electrospray ionization modes. RESULTS Eight differential metabolites changed significantly during disease progression, among which L-isoleucine, L-glutamic acid, pyroglutamic acid and linoleic acid decreased, while sphinganine, Cer(d18:0/16:0), Cer(d18:0/18:0), and citric acid increased. These metabolites are associated with the γ-glutamyl cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and ceramide metabolism. CONCLUSIONS These novel serum biomarkers may improve the management of T2DM and HBP complications, thus reducing the use of incorrect medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Heru Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Shu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mei Bao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjun Yi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Ji
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoming Pang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kaifeng, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dan He
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuexi Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Cheng Lu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liao Z, Zhu Z, Li L, Wang L, Wang H, Jiang Y, Cao Y. Metabonomics on Candida albicans indicate the excessive H3K56ac is involved in the antifungal activity of Shikonin. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 8:1243-1253. [PMID: 31452461 PMCID: PMC6735332 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1657362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of antifungal agents with novel mechanism and low toxicity are essential due to the prevalence of the infectious diseases caused by Candida albicans. The current study employed a new research method, which combined the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, to investigate the intrinsic mechanism of Shikonin (SK) against C. albicans. The levels of 27 metabolites, which mainly involved in histone deacetylation, amino acid synthesis, lipid synthesis, nitrogen metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress and glycolysis, were remarkably changed upon SK treatment. Specially, the down-regulation of nicotinamide (NAM) upon SK treatment indicated the suppression of the deacetylation of the histone H3 on lysine 56 residue (H3K56). Further experiment confirmed that the level of H3K56 acetylation (H3K56ac) was dramatically increased upon SK treatment which was mediated by HST3, the gene encoding the H3K56 deacetylase (Hst3p). Our results demonstrated that SK is the first natural compound reported to execute antifungal activity directly via boosting H3K56ac mediated by HST3. Importantly, this finding shed new light on the mechanisms to relieve the side effects or reverse the drug tolerance, as well as the development of agents for antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZeBin Liao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - ZhenYu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - YuanYing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - YingYing Cao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhao H, Zhang Y, Liu B, Li L, Zhang L, Bao M, Guo H, Xu H, Feng H, Xiao L, Yi W, Yi J, Chen P, Lu C, Lu A. Identification of Characteristic Autoantibodies Associated With Deficiency Pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine of Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Protein Chips. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:755. [PMID: 31354478 PMCID: PMC6635584 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, deficiency pattern (DP) which leads to specific treatment principles in clinical management is a crucial pattern diagnosis among RA patients, and autoantibodies have potential implications in TCM pattern classification. The purpose of this study was to identify specific RA DP-associated autoantibodies. Methods: RA DP patients, RA nondeficiency pattern (NDP) patients and healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. Then, clinical data and sera from all subjects were collected. After that, the sera were probed with protein chips, which were constructed by known RA related autoantigens, to screen for DP-associated candidate autoantibodies. Lastly, candidate autoantibodies were validated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and function was evaluated by network analysis. Results: Protein chips results showed that RA patients have higher levels of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A165 antibodies than HC (P < 0.005); anti-VEGFA165 antibodies levels of patients with RA DP were lower than patients with RA NDP (P < 0.05). The results of the ELISA also showed statistically significant differences in anti-VEGFA165 antibodies between the RA and HC group (P < 0.0001); and there were statistically significant differences in anti-VEGFA165 antibodies between the RA DP and RA NDP group (P < 0.05). Network analysis results suggested IL-6 signaling pathway has a significant effect on VEGFA165 in RA patients. Conclusion: Autoantibodies identification in RA using protein chips help in understanding DP in TCM. Discovery of anti-VEGFA165 antibodies may provide the possibility for clinical precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heru Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Bao
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Yi
- China Association of Acupunture and Moxibustion, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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11
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Ruan S, Zhang Z, Tian X, Huang D, Liu W, Yang B, Shen M, Tao F. Compound Fuling Granule Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Development and Progression by disrupting mitochondrial function, galactose and fatty acid metabolism. J Cancer 2018; 9:3382-3393. [PMID: 30271500 PMCID: PMC6160678 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that the compound fuling granule (CFG), a traditional Chinese medicine, suppresses ovarian cancer cell growth, migration and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that CFG could induce mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and cytochrome c release in ovarian SKOV3 cancer cells. In addition, both metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches were applied to illustrate the systemic mechanism of CFG on ovarian cancer formation and progression. To this end, we established two tumor-bearing mice models with subcutaneous injection or tail intravenous injection. Functionally, administration of CFG suppresses in situ tumor growth and distant lung metastasis. Subsequently, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to determine the metabolic alterations among the plasma samples from these in vivo models. In the subcutaneous injection model, 26 distinguishable metabolites were identified and 12 metabolic pathways were reprogrammed. Meanwhile, 19 metabolites involved in 7 metabolic pathways showed significant differences in the tail intravenous injection model. Importantly, integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed these metabolites were highly associated with galactose metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. This study suggests that CFG may suppress ovarian cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating mitochondrion-related energy metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University and Texas AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
| | - Dawei Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhong Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minhe Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Yuan T, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Wang Y. Application of variable selection in the origin discrimination of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. based on near infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:89. [PMID: 29311739 PMCID: PMC5758700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its chemical components showed difference among geographical origins, which made it difficult to keep therapeutic potency consistent. The identification of the geographical origin of W. cocos is the fundamental prerequisite for its worldwide recognition and acceptance. Four variable selection methods were employed for near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) variable selection and the characteristic variables were screened for the establishment of Fisher function models in further identification of the origin of W. cocos from Yunnan, China. For the obvious differences between poriae cutis (fu-ling-pi in Chinese, or FLP) and the inner part (bai-fu-ling in Chinese, or BFL) of the sclerotia of W. cocos in the pattern space of principal component analysis (PCA), we established discriminant models for FLP and BFL separately. Through variable selection, the models were significant improved and also the models were simplified by using only a small part of the variables. The characteristic variables were screened (13 for BFL and 10 for FLP) to build Fisher discriminant function models and the validation results showed the models were reliable and effective. Additionally, the characteristic variables were interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjun Yuan
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.,Yunnan Comtestor CO., LTD., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
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13
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Bao Y, Wang S, Yang X, Li T, Xia Y, Meng X. Metabolomic study of the intervention effects of Shuihonghuazi Formula, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal formulae, on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rats using performance HPLC/ESI-TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:468-478. [PMID: 28108381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolomics is the comprehensive assessment of endogenous metabolites of a biological system in a holistic context, and its property consists with the global view of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Shuihonghuazi Formula (SHHZF) has been used for liver cancer early treatment in clinical for more than thirty years, but its mechanism remains unclear completely. This paper was designed to explore the therapeutic effects of SHHZF on liver cancer and its metabolomic characters. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at the dosage of 70mg/kg for 14 weeks. From the 7th weeks, SHHZF was given to the rats which lasted for 10 weeks. Therapeutic effects of SHHZF was compared with that of cyclophosphamide (CTX). High performance liquid-chromatography/electrospray-ionization time of flight mass spectrometer (HPLC/ESI-TOF-MS) combined with pattern recognition approaches including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), was integrated to approximate the comprehensive metabolic signature and discover differentiating metabolites by Agilent MPP 12.1. The changes in metabolic profiling in plasma were restored to their baseline values after SHHZF treatment according to the PLS-DA score plots. RESULTS The results indicated that 23 ions as "differentiating metabolites". The alterations in those metabolites were associated with perturbations in fatty acid and bile acid metabolism, in response to liver cancer through immune and nervous system. And SHHZF could increase the uptake and utilization of linoleic acid and oleic acid, increase arachidonic acid-like substance content and enhance organism immunity of liver cancer rats. And it also could increase the translation from phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC), linoleic acid metabolism and inhibits abnormal metabolism of bile acid. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of therapeutic effects of SHHZF on liver cancer by adjusting the activities of PE N-methyl transferase (PEMT), Lysophospholipase D, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and lysophospholipase was elucidated by the method of metabonomics for the first time.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Discriminant Analysis
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Least-Squares Analysis
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Metabolomics/methods
- Principal Component Analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Yueming Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Xiansheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Agilent Technologies Modern TCM and Multi-omics Research Collaboration Lab, Dalian 116600, PR China.
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14
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Chemometrics applied to quality control and metabolomics for traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1015-1016:82-91. [PMID: 26901849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) bring a great challenge in quality control and evaluating the efficacy because of their complexity of chemical composition. Chemometric techniques provide a good opportunity for mining more useful chemical information from TCMs. Then, the application of chemometrics in the field of TCMs is spontaneous and necessary. This review focuses on the recent various important chemometrics tools for chromatographic fingerprinting, including peak alignment information features, baseline correction and applications of chemometrics in metabolomics and modernization of TCMs, including authentication and evaluation of the quality of TCMs, evaluating the efficacy of TCMs and essence of TCM syndrome. In the conclusions, the general trends and some recommendations for improving chromatographic metabolomics data analysis are provided.
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15
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Sun ZL, Xu X, Zhou DP, Wang L, Wang FQ, Xu ZY, Ji W. Serum proteomic-based analysis by iTRAQ of damp-heat impeding syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Integr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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A metabolomics approach to stratify patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus into excess or deficiency syndromes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:350703. [PMID: 25667595 PMCID: PMC4312632 DOI: 10.1155/2015/350703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continuously increases globally. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can stratify the diabetic patients based on their different TCM syndromes and, thus, allow a personalized treatment. Metabolomics is able to provide metabolite biomarkers for disease subtypes. In this study, we applied a metabolomics approach using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry system to characterize the metabolic alterations of different TCM syndromes including excess and deficiency in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). We obtained a snapshot of the distinct metabolic changes of DM patients with different TCM syndromes. DM patients with excess syndrome have higher serum 2-indolecarboxylic acid, hypotaurine, pipecolic acid, and progesterone in comparison to those patients with deficiency syndrome. The excess patients have more oxidative stress as demonstrated by unique metabolite signatures than the deficiency subjects. The results provide an improved understanding of the systemic alteration of metabolites in different syndromes of DM. The identified serum metabolites may be of clinical relevance for subtyping of diabetic patients, leading to a personalized DM treatment.
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17
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NMR-Based Metabonomic Studies on Stomach Heat and Cold Syndromes and Intervention Effects of the Corresponding Formulas. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:528396. [PMID: 24701240 PMCID: PMC3950656 DOI: 10.1155/2014/528396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zuojin Wan (ZJW) and Lizhong Wan (LZW) have been widely used in the treatment of Stomach heat and cold syndrome (SH and SC), respectively. In this study, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) based metabonomic approach was developed to profile SH and SC-related metabolic perturbations in rat serum and to investigate the intervention effects of ZJW and LZW on the corresponding SH and SC. Compared to the conventional macroscopic and histopathological examinations, the metabonomic approach could enable discrimination between SH and SC based on serum metabolic profiles. Meanwhile, 17 and 15 potential biomarkers associated with SH and SC, respectively, which were mainly involved in gastric dysfunction and mucosal lesions, gut microbiotal activity, transmethylation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, were identified. Furthermore, taking the potential biomarkers as drug targets, it was revealed that administration of ZJW and LZW could exclusively reverse the pathological process of SH and SC, respectively, through partially regulating the disturbed metabolic pathways. This work showed biological basis related to SH and SC at metabolic level and offered a new paradigm for better understanding and explanation of “Fang Zheng Dui Ying” principle in traditional Chinese medicine from a systemic view.
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18
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Model organisms and traditional chinese medicine syndrome models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:761987. [PMID: 24381636 PMCID: PMC3870116 DOI: 10.1155/2013/761987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient medical system with a unique cultural background. Nowadays, more and more Western countries due to its therapeutic efficacy are accepting it. However, safety and clear pharmacological action mechanisms of TCM are still uncertain. Due to the potential application of TCM in healthcare, it is necessary to construct a scientific evaluation system with TCM characteristics and benchmark the difference from the standard of Western medicine. Model organisms have played an important role in the understanding of basic biological processes. It is easier to be studied in certain research aspects and to obtain the information of other species. Despite the controversy over suitable syndrome animal model under TCM theoretical guide, it is unquestionable that many model organisms should be used in the studies of TCM modernization, which will bring modern scientific standards into mysterious ancient Chinese medicine. In this review, we aim to summarize the utilization of model organisms in the construction of TCM syndrome model and highlight the relevance of modern medicine with TCM syndrome animal model. It will serve as the foundation for further research of model organisms and for its application in TCM syndrome model.
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Investigation of the Material Basis Underlying the Correlation between Presbycusis and Kidney Deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine via GC/MS Metabolomics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:762092. [PMID: 24371466 PMCID: PMC3858872 DOI: 10.1155/2013/762092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the correlation between presbycusis and kidney deficiency as defined by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its material basis from the perspective of metabolism. Methods. Pure-tone audiometry was used to test auditory function. A kidney deficiency symptom scoring table was used to measure the kidney deficiency accumulated scores of the research subjects. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to measure the metabolites in the urine samples from 11 presbycusis patients and 9 elderly people with normal hearing. Results. Hearing loss in the elderly was positively correlated with kidney deficiency score in TCM. There were significant differences in urine metabolite profile between the presbycusis patients and the controls. A total of 23 differentially expressed metabolites were found. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were related to glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor pathway, and the γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor pathway. Conclusion. Glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, NMDA receptors, and GABA receptors may be related to the pathogenesis of presbycusis and may be the material basis underlying the correlation between presbycusis and kidney deficiency in TCM.
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20
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Recent highlights of metabolomics in chinese medicine syndrome research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:402159. [PMID: 24302964 PMCID: PMC3834606 DOI: 10.1155/2013/402159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicine syndrome (CMS, “ZHENG” in Chinese) is an understanding of the regularity of disease occurrence and development as well as a certain stage of a comprehensive response of patients with body condition. However, because of the complexity of CMS and the limitation of present investigation method, the research for deciphering the scientific basis and systematic features of CMS is difficult to go further. Metabolomics enables mapping of early biochemical changes in disease and hence provides an opportunity to develop predictive biomarkers. Moreover, its method and design resemble those of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which focuses on human disease via the integrity of close relationship between body and syndromes. In the systemic context, metabolomics has a convergence with TCM syndrome; therefore it could provide useful tools for exploring essence of CMS disease, facilitating personalized TCM, and will help to in-depth understand CMS. The integration of the metabolomics and CMS aspects will give promise to bridge the gap between Chinese and Western medicine and help catch the traditional features of CMS. In this paper, particular attention will be paid to the past successes in applications of robust metabolomic approaches to contribute to low-molecular-weight metabolites (biomarkers) discovery in CMS research and development.
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Liu X, Wu WY, Jiang BH, Yang M, Guo DA. Pharmacological tools for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:620-8. [PMID: 24139610 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacology as a modern science was introduced in China approximately 150 years ago, and has been used since then to study traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Pharmacology has experienced its own development over this time and continues to provide new tools for the study of TCM. In the present review, three models for the pharmacological study of TCM are considered: (i) chemistry-focused study; (ii) target-directed study; and (iii) systems-biology-based study. These approaches correspond to recent developments in pharmacology, and in particular to new tools available to the field. Representative achievements and the pharmacological tools used to study TCM are reviewed. Pharmacology has played, and will continue to play, an indispensable role in elucidating the chemical basis, biological targets, and mechanisms of action of TCM medicines, and in developing a scientific basis for the theory of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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22
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Song YN, Zhang GB, Zhang YY, Su SB. Clinical Applications of Omics Technologies on ZHENG Differentiation Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:989618. [PMID: 23853666 PMCID: PMC3703351 DOI: 10.1155/2013/989618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ZHENG is the basic concept of TCM theory. The effectiveness of TCM treatment depends on the accuracy of ZHENG differentiation. ZHENG differentiation, using the "four diagnostic methods," has the drawbacks of subjectivity and variability. Following development of omics technologies, which study the functional activities of human body from a system-wide perspective, it has been more and more applied in study of objectivity differentiating TCM ZHENG and understanding its biological mechanisms. This paper reviewed the literatures of clinical TCM ZHENG differentiation researches, underlying omics technologies, and indicated the increased trends of related articles with four kinds of omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, and the correlations between ZHENG differentiation and findings in omics studies. Moreover, the paper summarized the typical omics application in common studied diseases and TCM ZHENGs and discussed the main problems and countermeasure of ZHENG differentiation researches. The work here may provide a reference for further research of TCM ZHENG differentiation using omics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Song
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gui-Biao Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong-Yu Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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23
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Sun S, Dai J, Fang J, Gou X, Cao H, Zheng N, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Jia W, Hu Y. Differences of excess and deficiency zheng in patients with chronic hepatitis B by urinary metabonomics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:738245. [PMID: 23710235 PMCID: PMC3655602 DOI: 10.1155/2013/738245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physicians stratify patients with the same disease into different subtypes in order to guide the appropriate treatment, which is called Zheng (TCM syndrome) classification. Excess and deficiency ZHENG is a couple of basic ZHENGs of maladjusted body nature, reflecting the struggling state of human body and pathogenic factor and is important and prevalently exists in the ZHENG classification of many diseases. The present work using chronic hepatitis B (CHB) as an entry point explored the substance connotation of excess and deficiency ZHENG with the metabonomic technology based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The different substantial basis of two ZHENGs suggested that CHB patients could be categorized into two groups with diverse pathogenesis. The differential metabolites and disturbed pathways compared to not-obvious ZHENG characters patients (without ZHENG group/WZ) were selected in both of the two ZHENGs. The ROC analysis demonstrated that five metabolites had a greater potential to be the clinic biomarkers of EZ or DZ. And excess ZHENG revealed a higher level of immune function than deficiency ZHENG. We are eager to transform the concept of traditional excess and deficiency ZHENGs to modern therapeutic approaches, with the prospect to help to promote personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianye Dai
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junwei Fang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Liver Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Zhao Y, Gou XJ, Dai JY, Peng JH, Feng Q, Sun SJ, Cao HJ, Zheng NN, Fang JW, Jiang J, Su SB, Liu P, Hu YY, Zhang YY. Differences in metabolites of different tongue coatings in patients with chronic hepatitis B. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:204908. [PMID: 23690837 PMCID: PMC3652181 DOI: 10.1155/2013/204908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tongue coating is one of the important foundations of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and plays an important role in reflecting the occurrence, development, and prognosis of the disease. However, its material basis is still poorly understood. In this study, a urinary metabonomic method based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed. The distinct clustering in metabolic profile was observed from Group A (thick yellow coating in patients with chronic hepatitis B), Group B (thick white coating in patients with chronic hepatitis B), and Group C (thin white coating with healthy humans) using orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS). Based on the variable of importance in the project (VIP) values, some significantly changed metabolites have been identified. These changes were related to the disturbance in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and gut microflora, which were helpful to understand the material basis leading to the formation of tongue coating. This study demonstrated that tongue coating may have an objective material basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 258 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-jun Gou
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 258 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-ye Dai
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-hua Peng
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 258 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 258 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shu-jun Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui-juan Cao
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ning-ning Zheng
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun-wei Fang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 258 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shi-bing Su
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 258 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-yang Hu
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 258 Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong-yu Zhang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
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Dai J, Fang J, Sun S, Chen Q, Cao H, Zheng N, Zhang Y, Lu A. ZHENG-Omics Application in ZHENG Classification and Treatment: Chinese Personalized Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:235969. [PMID: 23662120 PMCID: PMC3638582 DOI: 10.1155/2013/235969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the hope to provide an effective approach for personalized diagnosis and treatment clinically, traditional chinese medicine (TCM) is being paid increasing attention as a complementary and alternative medicine. It performs treatment based on ZHENG (TCM syndrome) classification, which could be identified clinical special phenotypes by symptoms and signs of patients even if they have a different disease. However, it caused controversy because ZHENG classification only depends on observation, knowledge, and clinical experience of TCM practitioners, which lacks objectivity and repeatability. Although researchers and scientists of TCM have done some work with a lot of beneficial methods, the results could not reach satisfactory with the shortcomings of generalizing the entire state of the body or ignoring the patients' feelings. By total summary, mining, and integration of existing researches, the present paper attempts to introduce a novel macro-microconcept of ZHENG-omics, with the prospect of bright future in providing an objective and repeatable approach for Chinese personalized medicine in an effective way. In this paper, we give the brief introduction and preliminary validation, and discuss strategies and system-oriented technologies for achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Dai
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junwei Fang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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Lan K, Xie G, Jia W. Towards polypharmacokinetics: pharmacokinetics of multicomponent drugs and herbal medicines using a metabolomics approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:819147. [PMID: 23573155 PMCID: PMC3612473 DOI: 10.1155/2013/819147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Determination of pharmacokinetics (PKs) of multicomponent pharmaceuticals and/or nutraceuticals (polypharmacokinetics, poly-PKs) is difficult due to the vast number of compounds present in natural products, their various concentrations across a wide range, complexity of their interactions, as well as their complex degradation dynamics in vivo. Metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical tools that focus on the comprehensive analysis of small molecules in biofluids is a viable approach to address the challenges of poly-PK. This paper discusses recent advances in the characterization of poly-PK and the metabolism of multicomponent xenobiotic agents, such as compound drugs, dietary supplements, and herbal medicines, using metabolomics strategy. We propose a research framework that integrates the dynamic concentration profile of bioavailable xenobiotic molecules that result from in vivo absorption and hepatic and gut bacterial metabolism, as well as the human metabolic response profile. This framework will address the bottleneck problem in the pharmacological evaluation of multicomponent pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, leading to the direct elucidation of the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lan
- Key laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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An acupuncture research protocol developed from historical writings by mathematical reflections: a rational individualized acupoint selection method for immediate pain relief. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:256754. [PMID: 23431334 PMCID: PMC3569893 DOI: 10.1155/2013/256754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While balancing yin and yang is one basic principle of Chinese medicine, balancing methods for combination of meridians and acupoints had been described throughout the history of Chinese medicine. We have identified six historical systems for combinations of acupuncture points in historical writings. All of them represent symmetrical combinations which are defined by the steps in the Chinese Clock. Taking the historical systems as a basis, we calculated the possible combinations that fit into these systems they revealed, leading to a total of 19 systems offering new balancing combinations. Merging the data of these 19 systems, there are 7 combinatorial options for every meridian. On the basis of this data, we calculated 4-meridian combinations with an ideal balance pattern, which is given when all meridians balance each other. We identified 5 of these patterns for every meridian, so we end up with 60 patterns for all the 12 meridians but we find multiple overlapping. Finally, 15 distinct patterns remain. By combining this theoretical concept with the Image and Mirror Concept, we developed an acupuncture research protocol. This protocol potentially solves some problems of acupuncture trials because it represents a rational reproducible procedure independent of examiner experience, but the resulting treatment is individualized.
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