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Silva NBS, Menezes RP, Gonçalves DS, Santiago MB, Conejo NC, Souza SL, Santos ALO, da Silva RS, Ramos SB, Ferro EAV, Martins CHG. Exploring the antifungal, antibiofilm and antienzymatic potential of Rottlerin in an in vitro and in vivo approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11132. [PMID: 38750088 PMCID: PMC11096346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida species have been responsible for a high number of invasive infections worldwide. In this sense, Rottlerin has demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal, antibiofilm and antivirulence activity of Rottlerin in vitro against Candida spp. and its toxicity and antifungal activity in vivo. Rottlerin showed antifungal activity against all yeasts evaluated, presenting Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicidal Concentration (MIC and MFC) values of 7.81 to > 1000 µg/mL. Futhermore, it was able to significantly inhibit biofilm production, presenting Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MICB50) values that ranged from 15.62 to 250 µg/mL and inhibition of the cell viability of the biofilm by 50% (IC50) from 2.24 to 12.76 µg/mL. There was a considerable reduction in all hydrolytic enzymes evaluated, with emphasis on hemolysin where Rottlerin showed a reduction of up to 20%. In the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Rottlerin was able to completely inhibit filamentation by C. albicans. Regarding in vivo tests, Rottlerin did not demonstrate toxicity at the therapeutic concentrations demonstrated here and was able to increase the survival of C. elegans larvae infected. The results herein presented are innovative and pioneering in terms of Rottlerin's multipotentiality against these fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagela Bernadelli Sousa Silva
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Av. Pará, 1720 - Umuarama, Uberlândia, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Ralciane Paula Menezes
- Technical School of Health (ESTES), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Av. Pará, 1720 - Umuarama, Uberlândia, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brentini Santiago
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Av. Pará, 1720 - Umuarama, Uberlândia, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Noemi Chagas Conejo
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Av. Pará, 1720 - Umuarama, Uberlândia, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Sara Lemes Souza
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Av. Pará, 1720 - Umuarama, Uberlândia, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Anna Lívia Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Av. Pará, 1720 - Umuarama, Uberlândia, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino da Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Salvador Boccaletti Ramos
- Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences - Jaboticabal (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Av. Pará, 1720 - Umuarama, Uberlândia, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Paccetti-Alves I, Batista MSP, Pimpão C, Victor BL, Soveral G. Unraveling the Aquaporin-3 Inhibitory Effect of Rottlerin by Experimental and Computational Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066004. [PMID: 36983077 PMCID: PMC10057066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural polyphenolic compound Rottlerin (RoT) showed anticancer properties in a variety of human cancers through the inhibition of several target molecules implicated in tumorigenesis, revealing its potential as an anticancer agent. Aquaporins (AQPs) are found overexpressed in different types of cancers and have recently emerged as promising pharmacological targets. Increasing evidence suggests that the water/glycerol channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays a key role in cancer and metastasis. Here, we report the ability of RoT to inhibit human AQP3 activity with an IC50 in the micromolar range (22.8 ± 5.82 µM for water and 6.7 ± 2.97 µM for glycerol permeability inhibition). Moreover, we have used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to understand the structural determinants of RoT that explain its ability to inhibit AQP3. Our results show that RoT blocks AQP3-glycerol permeation by establishing strong and stable interactions at the extracellular region of AQP3 pores interacting with residues essential for glycerol permeation. Altogether, our multidisciplinary approach unveiled RoT as an anticancer drug against tumors where AQP3 is highly expressed providing new information to aquaporin research that may boost future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paccetti-Alves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta S P Batista
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pimpão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno L Victor
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Martelli A, Omrani M, Zarghooni M, Citi V, Brogi S, Calderone V, Sureda A, Lorzadeh S, da Silva Rosa SC, Grabarek BO, Staszkiewicz R, Los MJ, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Mehrbod P, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. New Visions on Natural Products and Cancer Therapy: Autophagy and Related Regulatory Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5839. [PMID: 36497321 PMCID: PMC9738256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) has been a highly conserved process throughout evolution and allows cells to degrade aggregated/misfolded proteins, dysfunctional or superfluous organelles and damaged macromolecules, in order to recycle them for biosynthetic and/or energetic purposes to preserve cellular homeostasis and health. Changes in autophagy are indeed correlated with several pathological disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, infections, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Conversely, autophagy controls both apoptosis and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cells. Therefore, any changes in the autophagy pathway will affect both the UPR and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that several natural products can modulate (induce or inhibit) the autophagy pathway. Natural products may target different regulatory components of the autophagy pathway, including specific kinases or phosphatases. In this review, we evaluated ~100 natural compounds and plant species and their impact on different types of cancers via the autophagy pathway. We also discuss the impact of these compounds on the UPR and apoptosis via the autophagy pathway. A multitude of preclinical findings have shown the function of botanicals in regulating cell autophagy and its potential impact on cancer therapy; however, the number of related clinical trials to date remains low. In this regard, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are warranted to better clarify the utility of natural compounds and their modulatory effects on autophagy, as fine-tuning of autophagy could be translated into therapeutic applications for several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzieh Omrani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumna, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition, Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Simone C. da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Beniamin Oscar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- GynCentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, 40-851 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek J. Los
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite 62760-000, Brazil
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre, Via Cortenocera, 82030 San Salvatore Telesino, Italy
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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da Silva MACN, Costa JH, Pacheco-Fill T, Ruiz ALTG, Vidal FCB, Borges KRA, Guimarães SJA, de Azevedo-Santos APS, Buglio KE, Foglio MA, Barbosa MDCL, Nascimento MDDSB, de Carvalho JE. Açai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Seed Extract Induces ROS Production and Cell Death in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123546. [PMID: 34200718 PMCID: PMC8230419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açai) is a native palm from the Amazon region. There are various chemical constituents of açai with bioactive properties. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and cytotoxic effects of açai seed extract on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) was applied to identify chemical compounds present in açai seed extract. LC-MS/MS and molecular networking were employed to detect the phenolic compounds of açai. The antioxidant activity of açai seed extract was measured by DPPH assay. MCF-7 breast cancer cell line viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry and time-lapse microscopy. Autophagy was evaluated by orange acridin immunofluorescence assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by DAF assay. From the molecular networking, fifteen compounds were identified, mainly phenolic compounds. The açai seed extract showed cytotoxic effects against MCF-7, induced morphologic changes in the cell line by autophagy and increased the ROS production pathway. The present study suggests that açai seed extract has a high cytotoxic capacity and may induce autophagy by increasing ROS production in breast cancer. Apart from its antioxidant activity, flavonoids with high radical scavenging activity present in açai also generated NO (nitric oxide), contributing to its cytotoxic effect and autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz. CEP, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jonas Henrique Costa
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (J.H.C.); (T.P.-F.)
| | - Taícia Pacheco-Fill
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6154, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; (J.H.C.); (T.P.-F.)
| | - Ana Lúcia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil; (A.L.T.G.R.); (K.E.B.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Flávia Castello Branco Vidal
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Heath, Department of Patology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (F.C.B.V.); (K.R.A.B.)
| | - Kátia Regina Assunção Borges
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Heath, Department of Patology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (F.C.B.V.); (K.R.A.B.)
| | - Sulayne Janaina Araújo Guimarães
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sicencies, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (S.J.A.G.); (A.P.S.d.A.-S.)
| | - Ana Paula Silva de Azevedo-Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sicencies, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (S.J.A.G.); (A.P.S.d.A.-S.)
| | - Kaio Eduardo Buglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil; (A.L.T.G.R.); (K.E.B.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Mary Ann Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil; (A.L.T.G.R.); (K.E.B.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Maria do Carmo Lacerda Barbosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Family Health, Department of Medicine I, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil;
| | - Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento
- Post-Graduate Program in Adult Heath, Department of Patology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (F.C.B.V.); (K.R.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.d.D.S.B.N.); (J.E.d.C.)
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil; (A.L.T.G.R.); (K.E.B.); (M.A.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.d.D.S.B.N.); (J.E.d.C.)
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Fathima S, Sinha S, Donakonda S. Network Analysis Identifies Drug Targets and Small Molecules to Modulate Apoptosis Resistant Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:851. [PMID: 33670487 PMCID: PMC7922238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Programed cell death or apoptosis fails to induce cell death in many recalcitrant cancers. Thus, there is an emerging need to activate the alternate cell death pathways in such cancers. In this study, we analyzed the apoptosis-resistant colon adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and small cell lung cancers transcriptome profiles. We extracted clusters of non-apoptotic cell death genes from each cancer to understand functional networks affected by these genes and their role in the induction of cell death when apoptosis fails. We identified transcription factors regulating cell death genes and protein-protein interaction networks to understand their role in regulating cell death mechanisms. Topological analysis of networks yielded FANCD2 (ferroptosis, negative regulator, down), NCOA4 (ferroptosis, up), IKBKB (alkaliptosis, down), and RHOA (entotic cell death, down) as potential drug targets in colon adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, small cell lung cancer phenotypes respectively. We also assessed the miRNA association with the drug targets. We identified tumor growth-related interacting partners based on the pathway information of drug-target interaction networks. The protein-protein interaction binding site between the drug targets and their interacting proteins provided an opportunity to identify small molecules that can modulate the activity of functional cell death interactions in each cancer. Overall, our systematic screening of non-apoptotic cell death-related genes uncovered targets helpful for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Fathima
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India;
| | - Swati Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India;
| | - Sainitin Donakonda
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Ietta F, Valacchi G, Benincasa L, Pecorelli A, Cresti L, Maioli E. Multiple mechanisms of Rottlerin toxicity in A375 melanoma cells. Biofactors 2019; 45:920-929. [PMID: 31408224 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rottlerin is a cytostatic and cytotoxic drug in a variety of cancer cells. Our previous experience demonstrated that depending upon the genetic/biochemical background of cancer cells, rottlerin is able to induce both apoptotic and autophagic cell death, or dramatically disturb protein homeostasis leading to lethal cellular atrophy. In the current study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects and mechanisms of rottlerin against human amelanotic A375 melanoma cells. In this cell line, rottlerin exhibits its main and newest cytotoxic properties, that is, growth arrest, apoptosis induction, and translation shutoff. In fact, the drug, time-, and dose-dependently, markedly inhibited cell proliferation through cyclin D1 downregulation and induced apoptotic cell death as early as after 18 h treatment. Mechanistically, rottlerin triggered apoptosis by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Both pathways are likely activated by the downregulation of the antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein, which simultaneously affects mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes stability. Concomitantly to extrinsic apoptosis induction, the rottlerin-activated ER stress/eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) α axis blocked the translational apparatus. The altered proteostasis precluded the complete cells' rescue from death in the presence of apoptosis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- NC State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Linda Benincasa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- NC State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Laura Cresti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Cordycepin Enhances Radiosensitivity in Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells by Inducing Autophagy and Apoptosis Through Cell Cycle Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215366. [PMID: 31661901 PMCID: PMC6862293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and accounts for over 90% of malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. The long-term survival rate of OSCC patients has not markedly improved in recent decades due to its heterogeneous etiology and treatment outcomes. We investigated the anticancer effect of the combination of irradiation (IR) and cordycepin in the treatment of human OSCC cells in vitro. The type of cell death, especially autophagy and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms were examined. We found synergistic effects of cordycepin and IR on the viability of human oral cancer cells. The combination of cordycepin and IR treatment induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagic cell death. Furthermore, cordycepin induced S-phase arrest and prolonged G2/M arrest in the cells that received the combination treatment compared with those that received irradiation alone. Combined treatment induced the upregulation of ATG5 and p21 in an autophagy cascade-dependent manner, arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and repressed cell proliferation. Thus, we conclude that the combination of cordycepin and IR treatment could be a potential therapeutic strategy for OSCC.
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Ma J, Hou Y, Xia J, Zhu X, Wang ZP. Tumor suppressive role of rottlerin in cancer therapy. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3345-3356. [PMID: 30662591 PMCID: PMC6291697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer as a major public health problem is a big trouble to be cured at present in the world. Thus, it is essential to discover better anticancer drugs to treat cancer patients. It has been reported that rottlerin, a natural polyphenolic compound from the mature fruits of Mallotus philippinensis, possesses multiple anti-cancer biological activities. Rottlerin exhibited its antitumor property in a variety of human cancers, suggesting that rottlerin could be a potential agent for treating cancers. In this review we discuss the recent literature regarding the biological functions and tumor suppressive mechanisms of rottlerin in cancers. We hope rottlerin will be further exploited for potential treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Hou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaShanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Peter Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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9
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Song J, Zhou Y, Gong Y, Liu H, Tang L. Rottlerin promotes autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2905-2913. [PMID: 30015872 PMCID: PMC6102720 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that apoptosis is closely associated with cancer cell death. However, whether autophagy induces tumor cell death has not been fully elucidated. Various studies have discussed the antitumor properties of rottlerin in human malignancies. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of rottlerin, a natural product isolated from the kamala tree (Mallotus philipensis), on growth inhibition and autophagy in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines in vitro. The results of the present study demonstrated that rottlerin suppressed cell growth, induced autophagy and apoptosis, and reduced migration and invasion in the SGC-7901 and MGC-803 GC cell lines. Furthermore, rottlerin led to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β-II augmentation and the enrichment of autophagosomes. In addition, the protein expression levels of mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 were downregulated in GC cells following rottlerin treatment, which is associated with autophagy. The protein levels of caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, total poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved-PARP exhibited no marked alterations in the GC cells following rottlerin treatment, indicating that caspases were likely not involved in rottlerin-induced GC apoptosis. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that rottlerin may inhibit invasion and promote apoptosis in GC cells, which may be mediated by the activation of autophagy. Therefore, rottlerin may be of value in the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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Targeting Protein Quality Control Mechanisms by Natural Products to Promote Healthy Ageing. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051219. [PMID: 29783751 PMCID: PMC6100286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal ageing is associated with increased chance of morbidity or mortality and it is driven by diverse molecular pathways that are affected by both environmental and genetic factors. The progression of ageing correlates with the gradual accumulation of stressors and damaged biomolecules due to the time-dependent decline of stress resistance and functional capacity, which eventually compromise cellular homeodynamics. As protein machines carry out the majority of cellular functions, proteome quality control is critical for cellular functionality and is carried out through the curating activity of the proteostasis network (PN). Key components of the PN are the two main degradation machineries, namely the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways along with several stress-responsive pathways, such as that of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which mobilises cytoprotective genomic responses against oxidative and/or xenobiotic damage. Reportedly, genetic or dietary interventions that activate components of the PN delay ageing in evolutionarily diverse organisms. Natural products (extracts or pure compounds) represent an extraordinary inventory of highly diverse structural scaffolds that offer promising activities towards meeting the challenge of increasing healthspan and/or delaying ageing (e.g., spermidine, quercetin or sulforaphane). Herein, we review those natural compounds that have been found to activate proteostatic and/or anti-stress cellular responses and hence have the potential to delay cellular senescence and/or in vivo ageing.
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Yin X, Zhang Y, Su J, Hou Y, Wang L, Ye X, Zhao Z, Zhou X, Li Y, Wang Z. Rottlerin exerts its anti-tumor activity through inhibition of Skp2 in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66512-66524. [PMID: 27582552 PMCID: PMC5341817 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have investigated the tumor suppressive role of rottlerin in carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of rottlerin-induced anti-tumor activity are largely unclear. Skp2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) has been validated to play an oncogenic role in a variety of human malignancies. Therefore, inactivation of Skp2 could be helpful for the treatment of human cancers. In the current study, we explore whether rottlerin could inhibit Skp2 expression, leading to inhibition of cell growth, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. We found that rottlerin treatment inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. We also revealed that rottlerin suppressed cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. Mechanically, we observed that rottlerin significantly down-regulated the expression of Skp2 in breast cancer cells. Importantly, overexpression of Skp2 abrogated rottlerin-mediated tumor suppressive activity, whereas down-regulation of Skp2 enhanced rottlerin-triggered anti-tumor function. Strikingly, we identified that rottlerin exhibited its anti-tumor potential partly through inactivation of Skp2 in breast cancer. Our findings indicate that rottlerin could be a potential safe agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyuan Yin
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingna Su
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingying Hou
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiantao Ye
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhou
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen Anesthesiology Engineering Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Yuan S, Qiao T, Li X, Zhuang X, Chen W, Chen X, Zhang Q. Toll-like receptor 9 activation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 7909 enhances the radiosensitivity of A549 lung cancer cells via the p53 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541253 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (CpG)-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are synthetic DNA sequences that mimic bacterial DNA, and are known to serve as ligands for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). The interaction between a CpG ODNs with TLR9 activates the complex downstream cascade that contributes to exerting its function. In the present study, the results of clonogenic assays demonstrated that the activation of TLR9 by CpG ODNs significantly increased the radiosensitivity of A549 lung cancer cells, with a sensitivity enhancement ratio (SER) of 1.28. When the expression of TLR9 was effectively silenced, CpG ODNs used alone were identified to produce SERs as low as 1.01. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the interaction between TLR9 and CpG ODN 7909 alone did not significantly affect the rate of apoptosis, but may significantly enhance the radiation-induced apoptosis of A549 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that TLR9 activation by CpG ODN 7909 increased the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14, cellular tumor antigen p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein and genome polyprotein, and decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, whereas these effects were not observed in CpG ODN 7909-treated cells in which TLR9 was knocked down. These results suggest that CpG ODN 7909 may enhance radiosensitivity through TLR9 activation, and partially via the p53 pathway in A549 lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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Sharma N, Kumar A, Sharma PR, Qayum A, Singh SK, Dutt P, Paul S, Gupta V, Verma MK, Satti NK, Vishwakarma R. A new clerodane furano diterpene glycoside from Tinospora cordifolia triggers autophagy and apoptosis in HCT-116 colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:295-310. [PMID: 28962889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia is a miraculous ayurvedic herb used in the treatment of innumerable diseases such as diabetes, gonorrhea, secondary syphilis, anaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological diseases, cancer, gout, jaundice, asthma, leprosy, in the treatment of bone fractures, liver & intestinal disorders, purifies the blood, gives new life to the whole body; (rejuvenating herb) and many more. Recent studies have revealed the anticancer potential of this plant but not much work has been done on the anticancer chemical constituents actually responsible for its amazing anticancer effects. This prompted us to investigate this plant further for new potent anticancer molecules. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to isolate and identify new promising anticancer candidates from the aqueous alcoholic extract of T. cordifolia using bioassay-guided fractionation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and that of new potent anticancer molecule, TC-2 was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of its corresponding acetate. The in vitro anti-cancer activity of TC-2 was evaluated by SRB assay and the autophagic activity was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Annexin-V FITC and PI dual staining was applied for the detection of apoptosis. The studies on Mitochondrial Membrane potential and ROS (Reactive oxygen species) production were also done. RESULTS Bioassay guided fractionation and purification of the aqueous alcoholic stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia led to the isolation of a new clerodane furano diterpene glycoside (TC-2) along with five known compounds i.e. cordifolioside A (β-D-Glucopyranoside,4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 3-O-D-apio-β-D-furanosyl) (TC-1), β-Sitosterol(TC-3), 2β,3β:15,16-Diepoxy- 4α, 6β-dihydroxy-13(16),14-clerodadiene-17,12:18,1-diolide (TC-4), ecdysterone(TC-5) and tinosporoside(TC-6). TC-2 emerged as a potential candidate for the treatment of colon cancer. CONCLUSION The overall study on the bioassay guided isolation of T.cordifolia identified and isolated a new clerodane furano diterpenoid that exhibited anticancer activity via induction of mitochondria mediated apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 cells. We have reported a promising future candidate for treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Analytical Chemistry Division (Instrumentation), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - P R Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Arem Qayum
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Shashank K Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu- Campus, Jammu, India
| | - Prabhu Dutt
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Satya Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Post- Graduate Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - M K Verma
- Analytical Chemistry Division (Instrumentation), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N K Satti
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - R Vishwakarma
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
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Lin SR, Fu YS, Tsai MJ, Cheng H, Weng CF. Natural Compounds from Herbs that can Potentially Execute as Autophagy Inducers for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071412. [PMID: 28671583 PMCID: PMC5535904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence indicates that autophagy is a response of cancer cells to various anti-cancer therapies. Autophagy is designated as programmed cell death type II, and is characterized by the formation of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Numerous herbs, including Chinese herbs, have been applied to cancer treatments as complementary and alternative medicines, supplements, or nutraceuticals to dampen the side or adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, the tumor suppressive actions of herbs and natural products induced autophagy that may lead to cell senescence, increase apoptosis-independent cell death or complement apoptotic processes. Hereby, the underlying mechanisms of natural autophagy inducers are cautiously reviewed in this article. Additionally, three natural compounds—curcumin, 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide, and prodigiosin—are presented as candidates for autophagy inducers that can trigger cell death in a supplement or alternative medicine for cancer therapy. Despite recent advancements in therapeutic drugs or agents of natural products in several cancers, it warrants further investigation in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, 97401 Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung city, Taiwan.
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Neural Regeneration, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Neural Regeneration, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, 97401 Hualien, Taiwan.
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15
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Rottlerin-mediated inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii growth in BeWo trophoblast-like cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1279. [PMID: 28455500 PMCID: PMC5430667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial and physiological process for cell survival from yeast to mammals, including protozoan parasites. Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasite, typically exploits autophagic machinery of host cell; however host cell upregulates autophagy to combat the infection. Herein we tested the efficacy of Rottlerin, a natural polyphenol with autophagic promoting properties, against Toxoplasma infection on the chorioncarcinoma-derived cell line BeWo. We found that Rottlerin, at sub-toxic doses, induced morphological and biochemical alterations associated with autophagy and decreased Toxoplasma growth in infected cells. Although autophagy was synergically promoted by Toxoplasma infection in combination with Rottlerin treatment, the use of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine revealed that Rottlerin anti-parasitic effect was largely autophagy-independent and likely mediated by the converging inhibitory effect of Rottlerin and Toxoplasma in host protein translation, mediated by mTOR inhibition and eIF2α phosphorylation. Both events, which on one hand could explain the additive effect on autophagy induction, on the other hand led to inhibition of protein synthesis, thereby depriving Toxoplasma of metabolically essential components for multiplication. We suggest that modulation of the competition between pathogen requirement and host cell defense might be an attractive, novel therapeutic approach against Toxoplasma infection and encourage the development of Rottlerin-based new therapeutic formulations.
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Yuan S, Qiao T, Zhuang X, Chen W, Xing N, Zhang Q. Knockdown of the M2 Isoform of Pyruvate Kinase (PKM2) with shRNA Enhances the Effect of Docetaxel in Human NSCLC Cell Lines In Vitro. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1312-23. [PMID: 27593857 PMCID: PMC5011261 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to explore the relationships between the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) and the sensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to docetaxel in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the method of plasmid transfection, we silenced the expression of PKM2 successfully in A549 and H460 cells. Western blotting and real-time PCR were applied to detect PKM2 expression at protein and gene levels. Cell viability was examined by CCK8 assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. P21 and Bax were detected. RESULTS Expression of PKM2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased by shRNA targeting PKM2. Silencing of PKM2 increased docetaxel sensitivity of human NSCLC A549 and H460 cells in a collaborative manner, resulting in strong suppression of cell viability. The results of flow cytometric assays suggested that knockdown of PKM2 or docetaxel treatment, whether used singly or in combination, blocked the cells in the G2/M phase, which is in consistent with the effect of the two on the expression of p21. Cells with PKM2 silencing were more likely to be induced into apoptosis by docetaxel although knockdown of PKM2 alone can't induce apoptosis significantly, which is in consistent with the effect of the two on Bax expression. CONCLUSION The results suggest that PKM2 knockdown could serve as a chemosensitizer to docetaxel in non-small lung cancer cells through targeting PKM2, leading to inhibition of cell viability, increase of cell arrest of G2/M phase and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Radiotherapy, Donghua Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kucinska M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Lisiak N, Kaczmarek M, Dams-Kozlowska H, Granig WH, Höferl M, Jäger W, Zehl M, Murias M, Erker T. Selective anticancer activity of the novel thiobenzanilide 63T against human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:148-161. [PMID: 27660182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, it has been reported that molecules built on the benzanilide and thiobenzanilide scaffold are the promising groups of compounds with several biological activities including antifungal, antimycotic, antibacterial, spasmolytic, and anticancer ones. In this study the mechanism of action of one selected thiobenzanilide derivative N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bis3,4,5-trifluorobenzothioamide (63T) with strongest cytotoxic activity has been investigated for the first time in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and normal lung derived fibroblast (CCD39Lu) in a cell culture model. The results demonstrated, that 63T can be considered a selective anticancer compound. Based on these results, several experiments including the analysis of cellular morphology, cell phase distribution, cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy detection were performed to understand better the mechanism underlying the anticancer activity. The data showed that 63T is a small molecule compound, which selectively induces cancer cell death in a caspase independent pathway; moreover, the autophagic dose-dependent processes may be involved in the mechanism of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Lisiak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Walter H Granig
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Höferl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Thomas Erker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Daveri E, Maellaro E, Valacchi G, Ietta F, Muscettola M, Maioli E. Inhibitions of mTORC1 and 4EBP-1 are key events orchestrated by Rottlerin in SK-Mel-28 cell killing. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:106-13. [PMID: 27343979 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies demonstrated that Rottlerin exerts a time- and dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on SK-Mel-28 melanoma cells during 24 h of treatment, but cytotoxicity due to cell death began only after a 48 h exposure. In the current study, in order to identify the type of cell death in this cell line, which is notoriously refractory to most anticancer therapies, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this delayed outcome, we searched for apoptotic, necrotic/necroptotic and autophagic traits in Rottlerin-exposed cells. Although SK-Mel-28 cells are both apoptosis and autophagy competent, Western blotting analysis, caspase activity assay, nuclear imaging and the effects of autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis inhibitors, indicated that Rottlerin cytotoxicity was due to none of the aforementioned death mechanisms. Nevertheless, in growth arrested cells, the death did occur after a prolonged treatment and most likely ensued from the observed blockage of protein synthesis that reached levels expected to be incompatible with cell survival. From a mechanistic point of view, we ascribed this effect to the documented inhibition of mTORC1 activity; mTORC1 inhibition on the one hand led to a not deadly, rather protective autophagic response but, on the other hand caused a near complete arrest of protein synthesis. Interestingly, no cytotoxicity was found towards normal skin fibroblasts, which only resulted mildly growth arrested by the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Daveri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 7, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - E Maellaro
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 7, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Valacchi
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 7, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Muscettola
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Strada delle Scotte 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - E Maioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 7, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Antiproliferative Effect of Rottlerin on Sk-Mel-28 Melanoma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:545838. [PMID: 26161122 PMCID: PMC4464680 DOI: 10.1155/2015/545838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and chemoresistant form of skin cancer. Mutated, constitutively active B-RAF is believed to play a crucial role, although the selective B-RAF inhibition has shown poor clinical success, since phenomena of resistance usually occur, likely arising from additional genetic aberrations, such as loss of function of p53 and PTEN, overexpression of cyclin D1, hyperactivation of NF-κB, and downregulation of p21/Cip1. Since all of them are present in the Sk-Mel-28 melanoma cells, this cell line could be an ideal, albeit hard to study, model to develop new therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we tested the cytostatic action of Rottlerin on Sk-Mel-28 melanoma cells, on the basis of the known Rottlerin effects on the main proliferative signaling pathways. We presented evidence that the drug inhibits cell growth by an Akt- and p21/Cip1-independent mechanism, involving the dual inhibition of ERK and NF-κB and downregulation of cyclin D1. In addition, we found that Rottlerin increases ERK phosphorylation, but, surprisingly, this resulted in decreased ERK activity. Pull-down experiments, using Rottlerin-CNBr-conjugated Sepharose beads, revealed that Rottlerin binds to ERK, independently from its phosphorylation status. This direct interaction could in part explain the paradoxical blockage of ERK downstream signaling and growth arrest. We would like to dedicate this paper to the memory of our friend and colleague, prematurely deceased, Claudia Torricelli, who actively contributed to this project
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Elaborating the role of natural products-induced autophagy in cancer treatment: achievements and artifacts in the state of the art. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:934207. [PMID: 25821829 PMCID: PMC4363717 DOI: 10.1155/2015/934207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic process that is highly conserved across different types of mammalian cells. Autophagy is able to relieve tumor cell from nutrient and oxidative stress during the rapid expansion of cancer. Excessive and sustained autophagy may lead to cell death and tumor shrinkage. It was shown in literature that many anticancer natural compounds and extracts could initiate autophagy in tumor cells. As summarized in this review, the tumor suppressive action of natural products-induced autophagy may lead to cell senescence, provoke apoptosis-independent cell death, and complement apoptotic cell death by robust or target-specific mechanisms. In some cases, natural products-induced autophagy could protect tumor cells from apoptotic death. Technical variations in detecting autophagy affect data quality, and study focus should be made on elaborating the role of autophagy in deciding cell fate. In vivo study monitoring of autophagy in cancer treatment is expected to be the future direction. The clinical-relevant action of autophagy-inducing natural products should be highlighted in future study. As natural products are an important resource in discovery of lead compound of anticancer drug, study on the role of autophagy in tumor suppressive effect of natural products continues to be necessary and emerging.
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Torricelli C, Daveri E, Salvadori S, Valacchi G, Ietta F, Muscettola M, Carlucci F, Maioli E. Phosphorylation-independent mTORC1 inhibition by the autophagy inducer Rottlerin. Cancer Lett 2015; 360:17-27. [PMID: 25661734 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently found that Rottlerin not only inhibits proliferation but also causes Bcl-2- and Beclin 1-independent autophagic death in apoptosis-resistant breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Having excluded a role for canonical signaling pathways, the current study was aimed to investigate the contribution of the AMPK/mTOR axis in autophagy induction and to search for the upstream signaling molecules potentially targeted by Rottlerin. Using several enzyme inhibitors, Western blotting analysis, mTOR siRNA and pull down assay, we demonstrate that the Rottlerin-triggered autophagy is mediated by inhibition of mTORC1 activity through a novel AMPK and mTORC1 phosphorylation-independent mechanism, likely mediated by the direct interaction between Rottlerin and mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torricelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, Siena 7-53100, Italy
| | - E Daveri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, Siena 7-53100, Italy
| | - S Salvadori
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, Siena 7-53100, Italy
| | - G Valacchi
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara 44100, Italy; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - F Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, Siena 7-53100, Italy
| | - M Muscettola
- Department of Medicine, surgery and neuroscience, University of Siena, Strada delle Scotte, Siena 4-53100, Italy
| | - F Carlucci
- Department of Medical biotechnologies, University of Siena, Strada delle Scotte, Siena 4-53100, Italy
| | - E Maioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, Siena 7-53100, Italy.
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22
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Law BYK, Chan WK, Xu SW, Wang JR, Bai LP, Liu L, Wong VKW. Natural small-molecule enhancers of autophagy induce autophagic cell death in apoptosis-defective cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5510. [PMID: 24981420 PMCID: PMC4076737 DOI: 10.1038/srep05510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy is a significant problem in oncology, and the development of sensitising agents or small-molecules with new mechanisms of action to kill these cells is needed. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for the turnover of misfolded proteins or damaged organelles, and it also recycles nutrients to maintain energy levels for cell survival. In some apoptosis-resistant cancer cells, autophagy can also enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs through autophagy-mediated mechanisms of cell death. Because the modulation of autophagic processes can be therapeutically useful to circumvent chemoresistance and enhance the effects of cancer treatment, the identification of novel autophagic enhancers for use in oncology is highly desirable. Many novel anti-cancer compounds have been isolated from natural products; therefore, we worked to discover natural, anti-cancer small-molecule enhancers of autophagy. Here, we have identified a group of natural alkaloid small-molecules that function as novel autophagic enhancers. These alkaloids, including liensinine, isoliensinine, dauricine and cepharanthine, stimulated AMPK-mTOR dependent induction of autophagy and autophagic cell death in a panel of apoptosis-resistant cells. Taken together, our work provides novel insights into the biological functions, mechanisms and potential therapeutic values of alkaloids for the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wai Kit Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Su Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jing Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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23
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High-throughput screen of natural product libraries for hsp90 inhibitors. BIOLOGY 2014; 3:101-38. [PMID: 24833337 PMCID: PMC4009755 DOI: 10.3390/biology3010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hsp90 has become the target of intensive investigation, as inhibition of its function has the ability to simultaneously incapacitate proteins that function in pathways that represent the six hallmarks of cancer. While a number of Hsp90 inhibitors have made it into clinical trials, a number of short-comings have been noted, such that the search continues for novel Hsp90 inhibitors with superior pharmacological properties. To identify new potential Hsp90 inhibitors, we have utilized a high-throughput assay based on measuring Hsp90-dependent refolding of thermally denatured luciferase to screen natural compound libraries. Over 4,000 compounds were screen with over 100 hits. Data mining of the literature indicated that 51 compounds had physiological effects that Hsp90 inhibitors also exhibit, and/or the ability to downregulate the expression levels of Hsp90-dependent proteins. Of these 51 compounds, seven were previously characterized as Hsp90 inhibitors. Four compounds, anthothecol, garcinol, piplartine, and rottlerin, were further characterized, and the ability of these compounds to inhibit the refolding of luciferase, and reduce the rate of growth of MCF7 breast cancer cells, correlated with their ability to suppress the Hsp90-dependent maturation of the heme-regulated eIF2α kinase, and deplete cultured cells of Hsp90-dependent client proteins. Thus, this screen has identified an additional 44 compounds with known beneficial pharmacological properties, but with unknown mechanisms of action as possible new inhibitors of the Hsp90 chaperone machine.
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24
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Bielecka AM, Obuchowicz E. Antidepressant drugs as a complementary therapeutic strategy in cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 238:849-58. [PMID: 23970405 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213493721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, it has been increasingly recognized that antidepressant drugs may exert a range of effects, in addition to their well-documented ability to modulate neurotransmission. Although as a group they act on monoaminergic systems and receptors in different ways, a number of studies have demonstrated that at least some antidepressants might have other properties in common, including immunomodulatory, cyto/neuroprotective, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. These properties are partly related to the influence of antidepressants on glial cell function. Recently, emerging information about the possible anticancer properties of antidepressants has sparked increased interest within scientific community, and there is now evidence that these drugs affect the key cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. This review examines the putative cellular targets for the anticancer action of antidepressant drugs, and presents examples of the interaction between antidepressants and anticancer drugs. By reviewing the current state of research in this area, we hope to focus the attention of oncologists and researchers engaged in the study of cancer on the role that antidepressant drugs could play in the complementary therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Bielecka
- Medical University of Silesia, Department of Pharmacology, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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