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M Elsharkawy F, M Amin M, A Shamsel-Din H, Ibrahim W, Ibrahim AB, Sayed S. Self-Assembling Lecithin-Based Mixed Polymeric Micelles for Nose to Brain Delivery of Clozapine: In-vivo Assessment of Drug Efficacy via Radiobiological Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1577-1595. [PMID: 37007986 PMCID: PMC10065422 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s403707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The research objective is to design intranasal brain targeted CLZ loaded lecithin based polymeric micelles (CLZ- LbPM) aiming to improve central systemic CLZ bioavailability. Methods In our study, intranasal CLZ loaded lecithin based polymeric micelles (CLZ- LbPM) were formulated using soya phosphatidyl choline (SPC) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) with different CLZ:SPC:SDC ratios via thin film hydration technique aiming to enhance drug solubility, bioavailability and nose to brain targeting efficiency. Optimization of the prepared CLZ-LbPM using Design-Expert® software was achieved showing that M6 which composed of (CLZ:SPC: SDC) in respective ratios of 1:3:10 was selected as the optimized formula. The optimized formula was subjected to further evaluation tests as, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), TEM, in vitro release profile, ex vivo intranasal permeation and in vivo biodistribution. Results The optimized formula with the highest desirability exhibiting (0.845), small particle size (12.23±4.76 nm), Zeta potential of (-38 mV), percent entrapment efficiency of > 90% and percent drug loading of 6.47%. Ex vivo permeation test showed flux value of 27 μg/cm².h and the enhancement ratio was about 3 when compared to the drug suspension, without any histological alteration. The radioiodinated clozapine ([131I] iodo-CLZ) and radioiodinated optimized formula ([131I] iodo-CLZ-LbPM) were formulated in an excellent radioiodination yield more than 95%. In vivo biodistribution studies of [131I] iodo-CLZ-LbPM showed higher brain uptake (7.8%± 0.1%ID/g) for intranasal administration with rapid onset of action (at 0.25 h) than the intravenous formula. Its pharmacokinetic behavior showed relative bioavailability, direct transport percentage from nose to brain and drug targeting efficiency of 170.59%, 83.42% and 117% respectively. Conclusion The intranasal self-assembling lecithin based mixed polymeric micelles could be an encouraging way for CLZ brain targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Elsharkawy
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Al Andalous for Pharmaceutical Industries, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Shamsel-Din
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Walaa Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: Sinar Sayed, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt, Tel +2 01010421543, Email
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Kaewsaneha C, Roeurn B, Apiboon C, Opaprakasit M, Sreearunothai P, Opaprakasit P. Preparation of Water-Based Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Nanoparticles and Their Use in Superhydrophobic Treatments of Value-Added Teakwood Products. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27400-27409. [PMID: 35967051 PMCID: PMC9366971 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A process for preparing emulsions of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) nanoparticles via a nanoemulsion template (emulsion/evaporation) method has been developed. The effects of types and contents of stabilizing agents, i.e., anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), amphoteric (phosphatidylcholine, PC), and polymeric (poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA), on the colloidal stability and hydrodynamic size of the AKD nanoparticles are investigated. The use of 0.1 wt % anionic SDS as a stabilizer generates nanoparticles with high stability and the smallest average size of 148 ± 5 nm. The environmentally friendly water-based emulsion prepared without halogenated compounds and harsh organic solvents is then applied to enhance the hydrophobicity of teakwood products by a simple dipping process. The properties and structures of the resulting treated woods are examined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The treated woods show superhydrophobicity with a WCA value of 150 ± 2°, as the emulsion generates a hydrophobic layer covering the wood surfaces due to the β-ketoester bond formation and the arrangement of AKD hydrophobic tails. The nanosized nanoparticles can penetrate the dense structure of the teakwood and form similar bonding for up to a 0.8 mm depth, generating a protective water-repellent layer in the wood structure. The emulsion has high potential for use in the commercial production of value-added teakwood products, with excellent water-resistant properties and high dimensional instability, without altering their physical appearances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chariya Kaewsaneha
- School
of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn International Institute
of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani12121, Thailand
| | - Bunla Roeurn
- School
of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn International Institute
of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani12121, Thailand
| | - Chanokporn Apiboon
- Sustainable
Energy and Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok10900, Thailand
| | - Mantana Opaprakasit
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sreearunothai
- School
of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn International Institute
of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani12121, Thailand
| | - Pakorn Opaprakasit
- School
of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn International Institute
of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani12121, Thailand
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Saeed RM, Abdullah M, Ahram M, Taha MO. Novel Ellipsoid Chitosan-Phthalate Lecithin Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:695371. [PMID: 34395401 PMCID: PMC8355739 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has received increased interest as a gene therapeutic agent. However, instability and lack of safe, affordable, and effective carrier systems limit siRNA's widespread clinical use. To tackle this issue, synthetic vectors such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles have recently been extensively investigated. In this study, we exploited the advantages of reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced cellular penetration of chitosan-phthalate (CSP) together with the merits of lecithin (LC)-based nanoparticles (NPs) to create novel, ellipsoid, non-cytotoxic, tripolyphosphate (TPP)-crosslinked NPs capable of delivering siRNA efficiently. The resulting NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and were found to be ellipsoid in the shape of ca. 180 nm in size, exhibiting novel double-layer shells, with excellent stability at physiological pH and in serum solutions. MTT assay and confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that CSP-LC-TPP NPs are non-cytotoxic and efficiently penetrate cancer cells in vitro. They achieved 44% silencing against SLUG protein in MDA-MB-453 cancer cells and were significantly superior to a commercial liposome-based transfection agent that achieved only 30% silencing under comparable conditions. Moreover, the NPs protected their siRNA cargos in 50% serum and from being displaced by variable concentrations of heparin. In fact, CSP-LC-TPP NPs achieved 26% transfection efficiency in serum containing cell culture media. Real-time wide-field fluorescence microscopy showed siRNA-loaded CSP-LC-TPP NPs to successfully release their cargo intracellularly. We found that the amphoteric nature of chitosan-phthalate polymer promotes the endosomal escape of siRNA and improves the silencing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Mukred Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Abdullah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mamoun Ahram
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mutasem Omar Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Kubota K, Onishi K, Sawaki K, Li T, Mitsuoka K, Sato T, Takeoka S. Effect of the nanoformulation of siRNA-lipid assemblies on their cellular uptake and immune stimulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5121-5133. [PMID: 28790820 PMCID: PMC5529365 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two lipid-based nanoformulations have been used to date in clinical studies: lipoplexes and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). In this study, we prepared small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded carriers using lipid components of the same composition to form molecular assemblies of differing structures, and evaluated the impact of structure on cellular uptake and immune stimulation. Lipoplexes are electrostatic complexes formed by mixing preformed cationic lipid liposomes with anionic siRNA in an aqueous environment, whereas LNPs are nanoparticles embedding siRNA prepared by mixing an alcoholic lipid solution with an aqueous siRNA solution in one step. Although the physicochemical properties of lipoplexes and LNPs were similar except for small increases in apparent size of lipoplexes and zeta potential of LNPs, siRNA uptake efficiency of LNPs was significantly higher than that of lipoplexes. Furthermore, in the case of LNPs, both siRNA and lipid were effectively incorporated into cells in a co-assembled state; however, in the case of lipoplexes, the amount of siRNA internalized into cells was small in comparison with lipid. siRNAs in lipoplexes were thought to be more likely to localize on the particle surface and thereby undergo dissociation into the medium. Inflammatory cytokine responses also appeared to differ between lipoplexes and LNPs. For tumor necrosis factor-α, release was mainly caused by siRNA. On the other hand, the release of interleukin-1β was mainly due to the cationic nature of particles. LNPs released lower amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β than lipoplexes and were thus considered to be better tolerated with respect to cytokine release. In conclusion, siRNA-loaded nanoformulations effect their cellular uptake and immune stimulation in a manner that depends on the structure of the molecular assembly; therefore, nanoformulations should be optimized before extending studies into the in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kubota
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.,Formulation Research and Phramaceutical Process Group, CMC R&D Center, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Onishi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sawaki
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tianshu Li
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mitsuoka
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.,Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
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Aziz F, Ihsan A, Nazir A, Ahmad I, Bajwa SZ, Rehman A, Diallo A, Khan WS. Novel route synthesis of porous and solid gold nanoparticles for investigating their comparative performance as contrast agent in computed tomography scan and effect on liver and kidney function. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1555-1563. [PMID: 28280325 PMCID: PMC5339011 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s127996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with dimension in the range of 1–100 nm have a prominent role in a number of biomedical applications like imaging, drug delivery, and cancer therapy owing to their unique optical features and biocompatibility. In this work, we report a novel technique for the synthesis of two types of GNPs namely porous gold nanoparticles (PGNPs) and solid gold nanoparticles (SGNPs). PGNPs of size 35 nm were fabricated by reduction of gold (III) solution with lecithin followed by addition of L-ascorbic acid and tri-sodium citrate, whereas SGNPs with a dimension of 28 nm were prepared by reflux method using lecithin as a single reducing agent. Comparative studies using PGNPs (λmax 560 nm) and SGNPs (λmax 548 nm) were conducted for evaluating their use as a contrast agent. These studies reveled that in direct computed tomography scan, PGNPs exhibited brighter contrast (45 HU) than SGNPs (26 HU). To investigate the effect of PGNPs and SGNPs on the liver and kidney profile, male rabbits were intravenously injected with an equal dose of 1 mg/kg weight of PGNPs and SGNPs. The effect on biochemical parameters was evaluated 72 hours after intravenous (IV) injection including liver function profile, renal (kidney) function biomarker, random blood glucose value, and cholesterol level. During one comparison of contrast in CT scan, PGNPs showed significantly enhanced contrast in whole-rabbit and organ CT scan as compared to SGNPs 6 hours after injection. Our findings suggested that the novel PGNPs enhance CT scan image with higher efficacy as compared to SGNPs. The results showed that IV administration of synthesized PGNPs increases the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), serum creatinine, and blood glucose, whereas that of SGNPs increases the levels of AST, ALP, and blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Aziz
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad; Department of Physics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur
| | - Ayesha Ihsan
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad
| | - Aalia Nazir
- Department of Physics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- National Center for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar Bajwa
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad
| | - Asma Rehman
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad
| | - Abdoulaye Diallo
- Laboratory of Photonics and Nano-Fabrication, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar-Fann Dakar, Senegal
| | - Waheed S Khan
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad
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Phanse Y, Dunphy BM, Perry JL, Airs PM, Paquette CCH, Carlson JO, Xu J, Luft JC, DeSimone JM, Beaty BJ, Bartholomay LC. Biodistribution and Toxicity Studies of PRINT Hydrogel Nanoparticles in Mosquito Larvae and Cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003735. [PMID: 25996390 PMCID: PMC4440723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases continue to remain major threats to human and animal health and impediments to socioeconomic development. Increasing mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides is a great public health concern, and new strategies/technologies are necessary to develop the next-generation of vector control tools. We propose to develop a novel method for mosquito control that employs nanoparticles (NPs) as a platform for delivery of mosquitocidal dsRNA molecules to silence mosquito genes and cause vector lethality. Identifying optimal NP chemistry and morphology is imperative for efficient mosquitocide delivery. Toward this end, fluorescently labeled polyethylene glycol NPs of specific sizes, shapes (80 nm x 320 nm, 80 nm x 5000 nm, 200 nm x 200 nm, and 1000 nm x 1000 nm) and charges (negative and positive) were fabricated by Particle Replication in Non-Wetting Templates (PRINT) technology. Biodistribution, persistence, and toxicity of PRINT NPs were evaluated in vitro in mosquito cell culture and in vivo in Anopheles gambiae larvae following parenteral and oral challenge. Following parenteral challenge, the biodistribution of the positively and negatively charged NPs of each size and shape was similar; intense fluorescence was observed in thoracic and abdominal regions of the larval body. Positively charged NPs were more associated with the gastric caeca in the gastrointestinal tract. Negatively charged NPs persisted through metamorphosis and were observed in head, body and ovaries of adults. Following oral challenge, NPs were detected in the larval mid- and hindgut. Positively charged NPs were more efficiently internalized in vitro than negatively charged NPs. Positively charged NPs trafficked to the cytosol, but negatively charged NPs co-localized with lysosomes. Following in vitro and in vivo challenge, none of the NPs tested induced any cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashdeep Phanse
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Brendan M. Dunphy
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jillian L. Perry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Airs
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cynthia C. H. Paquette
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jonathan O. Carlson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jing Xu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - J. Christopher Luft
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Institute for Nanomedicine and Institute for Advanced Materials, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Barry J. Beaty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lyric C. Bartholomay
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mitogenic effects of phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:687037. [PMID: 24772432 PMCID: PMC3977480 DOI: 10.1155/2014/687037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lecithins, mainly composed of the phospholipids phosphatidylcholines (PC), have many different uses in the pharmaceutical and clinical field. PC are involved in structural and biological functions as membrane trafficking processes and cellular signaling. Considering the increasing applications of lecithin-based nanosystems for the delivery of therapeutic agents, the aim of the present work was to determine the effects of phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles over breast cancer cellular proliferation and signaling. PC dispersions at 0.01 and 0.1% (w/v) prepared in buffer pH 7.0 and 5.0 were studied in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Neutral 0.1% PC-derived nanoparticles induced the activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway, increased cell viability and induced a 1.2 fold raise in proliferation. These biological effects correlated with the increase of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) content and its altered cellular localization. Results suggest that nanoparticles derived from PC dispersion prepared in buffer pH 7.0 may induce physicochemical changes in the plasma membrane of cancer cells which may affect EGFR cellular localization and/or activity, increasing activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway and inducing proliferation. Results from the present study suggest that possible biological effects of delivery systems based on lecithin nanoparticles should be taken into account in pharmaceutical formulation design.
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Behl G, Sikka M, Chhikara A, Chopra M. PEG-coumarin based biocompatible self-assembled fluorescent nanoaggregates synthesized via click reactions and studies of aggregation behavior. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 416:151-60. [PMID: 24370415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Click chemistry has found wide application in drug discovery, bioconjugation reactions, polymer chemistry and synthesis of amphiphilic materials with pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Triazole substitution via a click reaction alters photophysical properties of coumarin. Both coumarin and triazole moieties participate in π-π stacking interactions. Hence it should be possible to prepare fluorescent self-assembly systems by conjugation of coumarin to poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) via click reactions exhibiting hydrophilic, hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions. Moreover, the materials can be suitable platforms to assess fluorescence modulation effect of triazole substitution on coumarins. EXPERIMENTS PEG supported coumarin conjugates were synthesized and the fluorescence modulation effect of the formation of triazole on coumarin was assessed. Their aggregation properties were studied by surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. FINDINGS The conjugates were found to form nanoaggregates in the size range of 100-120 nm with a negative free energy of micellization (~-27 kJ mol(-1)) confirming aggregation and self-assembly. The Quantum yield of 4-methyl-7-propargylcoumarin (7P4MC) was enhanced after triazole formation with azide functionalized PEG (methoxy-PEG350 azide). The conjugates were found to exhibit π-π stacking interactions in addition to hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. They were found to be biocompatible with human pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Behl
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, Delhi 110003, India
| | - Manisha Sikka
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Aruna Chhikara
- Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, Delhi 110003, India.
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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