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Lu J, Tang X, Zhang Y, Chu H, Jing C, Wang Y, Lou H, Zhu Z, Zhao D, Sun L, Cong D. Exploring the molecular mechanism of Yinao Fujian formula on ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23742. [PMID: 38205280 PMCID: PMC10776953 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of long-term disability and even mortality, threatening people's lives. Yinao Fujian (YNFJ) formula is a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula that has been widely used to treat patients with IS. However, the molecular mechanism of YNFJ for the treatment of IS is still elusive. Our study aimed to explore the potential protective effect and the underlying mechanisms of YNFJ on IS using a network pharmacology approach coupled with experimental validation. Materials and methods Effective compounds of YNFJ were collected from BATMAN-TCM and TCMSP databases, while IS targets were obtained from GeneCards, OMIM, TTD and DrugBank databases. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to further screen the hub targets of YNFJ in IS treatment. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to identify the critical biological processes and signaling pathways of YNFJ for IS. Moreover, Nissl staining, HE, TTC staining and Tunel staining were used in the MCAO model to prove the neuroprotective effect of YNFJ. Oxidative damage, inflammatory factor release and related pathways were tested in MCAO rat model and hypoxia-induced BV2 cell model, respectively. Results We found that YNFJ treatment significantly alleviated MCAO-induced nerve damage and apoptosis. Then, network pharmacology screening combined with literature research revealed IL6, TNF, PTGS2, NFKBIA and NFE2L2 as the critical targets in a PPI network. Moreover, the top 20 signaling pathways and biological processes associated with the protective effects of YNFJ on IS were enriched through GO and KEGG analyses. Further analysis indicated that NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways might be highly involved in the protective effects of YNFJ on IS. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that YNFJ inhibited the release of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) and MDA content, and increased the activity of SOD. In terms of the mechanism, YNFJ inhibited the release of inflammatory factors by suppressing the NF-κB pathway and decreased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 to protect microglia from inflammation damage. In addition, YNFJ initiated the dissociation of Keap-1 and Nrf2, and activated the downstream protein HO-1, NQO1, thus decreasing oxidative stress. Conclusion Taken together, the findings in our research showed that the protective effects of YNFJ on IS were mainly achieved by regulating the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways to inhibit oxidative stress damage and inflammatory damage of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Hongbo Chu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Chenxu Jing
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Tuina, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Huijuan Lou
- Department of Tuina, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Deyu Cong
- Department of Tuina, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
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Ren M, Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang C, Zheng Y, Hu Y. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Inhibits Aβ 1-42-Induced Neuroinflammation by Modulating the Phenotypic Transformation of Microglia via TREM2/TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in BV-2 Cells. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:748-761. [PMID: 34783973 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is an extract from Carthamus tinctorius L. dry flowers (Compositae). HSYA has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on several Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. However, the exact mechanisms by which HSYA regulates neuroinflammation have still not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which HSYA regulates microglial activation and neuroinflammation via TREM2, and further clarified its underlying molecular mechanism. We silenced TREM2 in BV-2 cells and evaluated the expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13). The results showed that HSYA could up-regulate cell viability and improve the morphology of BV-2 cells injured by Aβ1-42. The results showed that Aβ1-42 could induce microglia to upregulate the expression of M1 markers (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6) and downregulate M2 marker (Arg-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) expression. HSYA reversed the effects of Aβ1-42 via TREM2, switching microglia from an M1 proinflammatory phenotype to an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. HSYA inhibited the Aβ1-42-induced activation of the TLR4/NF-κB transduction pathway by upregulating TREM2 and regulated the transcription of inflammatory cytokines via the downstream transcription factors NF-κB p65 and IκB-α. In conclusion, HSYA regulated the microglial inflammatory phenotype by regulating microglial (M1/M2) polarization in Aβ1-42-induced BV-2 cells which may be mediated by the TREM2/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Bai X, Wang WX, Fu RJ, Yue SJ, Gao H, Chen YY, Tang YP. Therapeutic Potential of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01265. [PMID: 33117148 PMCID: PMC7550755 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) is increasing worldwide, causing an increasingly serious public health burden. The pursuit of new promising treatment options is thus becoming a pressing issue. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is one of the main active quinochalcone C-glycosides in the florets of Carthamus tinctorius L., a medical and edible dual-purpose plant. HSYA has attracted much interest for its pharmacological actions in treating and/or managing CCVDs, such as myocardial and cerebral ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular dementia, and traumatic brain injury, in massive preclinical studies. In this review, we briefly summarized the mode and mechanism of action of HSYA on CCVDs based on these preclinical studies. The therapeutic effects of HSYA against CCVDs were presumed to reside mostly in its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective roles by acting on complex signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Hydroxysafflor Yellow A: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for a Broad Spectrum of Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8259280. [PMID: 30356354 PMCID: PMC6176289 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8259280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is one of the major bioactive and water-soluble compounds isolated from Carthami Flos, the flower of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). As a natural pigment with favorable medical use, HSYA has gained extensive attention due to broad and effective pharmacological activities since first isolation in 1993. In clinic, the safflor yellow injection which mainly contains about 80% HSYA was approved by the China State Food and Drug Administration and used to treat cardiac diseases such as angina pectoris. In basic pharmacology, HSYA has been proved to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects that include, but not limited to, cardiovascular effect, neuroprotection, liver and lung protection, antitumor activity, metabolism regulation, and endothelium cell protection. Although a great number of studies have been carried out to prove the pharmacological effects and corresponding mechanisms of HYSA, a systemic review of HYSA has not yet been seen. Here, we provide a comprehensive summarization of the pharmacological effects of HYSA. Together with special attention to mechanisms of actions, this review can serve as the basis for further researches and developments of this medicinal compound.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines against Ischemic Injury in In Vivo Models of Cerebral Ischemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5739434. [PMID: 27703487 PMCID: PMC5040804 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5739434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. In the ischemic cascade, resident microglia are rapidly activated in the brain parenchyma and subsequently trigger inflammatory mediator release, which facilitates leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in inflammation. Activated leukocytes invade the endothelial cell junctions and destroy the blood-brain barrier integrity, leading to brain edema. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stimulation in microglia/macrophages through the activation of intercellular signaling pathways secretes various proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes and then aggravates cerebral ischemic injury. The secreted cytokines activate the proinflammatory transcription factors, which subsequently regulate cytokine expression, leading to the amplification of the inflammatory response and exacerbation of the secondary brain injury. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), including TCM-derived active compounds, Chinese herbs, and TCM formulations, exert neuroprotective effects against inflammatory responses by downregulating the following: ischemia-induced microglial activation, microglia/macrophage-mediated cytokine production, proinflammatory enzyme production, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinases, TLR expression, and deleterious transcription factor activation. TCMs also aid in upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and neuroprotective transcription factor activation in the ischemic lesion in the inflammatory cascade during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. Thus, TCMs exert potent anti-inflammatory properties in ischemic stroke and warrant further investigation.
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Wang X, Ma Z, Fu Z, Gao S, Yang L, Jin Y, Sun H, Wang C, Fan W, Chen L, Zheng QY, Bi G, Ma CL. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Protects Neurons From Excitotoxic Death through Inhibition of NMDARs. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:8/2/1759091416642345. [PMID: 27067428 PMCID: PMC4828664 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416642345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive glutamate release causes overactivation of N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), leading to excitatory neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a compound extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L., has been reported to exert a neuroprotective effect in many pathological conditions, including brain ischemia. However, the underlying mechanism of HSYA's effect on neurons remains elusive. In the present study, we conducted experiments using patch-clamp recording of mouse hippocampal slices. In addition, we performed Ca2+ imaging, Western blots, as well as mitochondrial-targeted circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein transfection into cultured hippocampal neurons in order to decipher the physiological mechanism underlying HSYA's neuroprotective effect. Through the electrophysiology experiments, we found that HSYA inhibited NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents without affecting α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor and γ-aminobutyric acid A-type receptor-mediated currents. This inhibitory effect of HSYA on NMDARs was concentration dependent. HSYA did not show any preferential inhibition of either N-methyl d-aspartate receptor subtype 2A- or N-methyl d-aspartate receptor subtype 2B- subunit-containing NMDARs. Additionally, HSYA exhibits a facilitatory effect on paired NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents. Furthermore, HSYA reduced the magnitude of NMDAR-mediated membrane depolarization currents evoked by oxygen-glucose deprivation, and suppressed oxygen-glucose deprivation–induced and NMDAR-dependent ischemic long-term potentiation, which is believed to cause severe reperfusion damage after ischemia. Through the molecular biology experiments, we found that HSYA inhibited the NMDA-induced and NMDAR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ concentration increase in hippocampal cultures, reduced apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths, and prevented mitochondrial damage. Together, our data demonstrate for the first time that HSYA protects hippocampal neurons from excitotoxic damage through the inhibition of NMDARs. This novel finding indicates that HSYA may be a promising pharmacological candidate for the treatment of brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China "Brain stroke" Key Lab of Shandong Health Administration Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China Department of Internal Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxiao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Su Gao
- Department of Internal Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China "Brain stroke" Key Lab of Shandong Health Administration Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China "Brain stroke" Key Lab of Shandong Health Administration Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chaoyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Weiming Fan
- Department of Internal Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Yin Zheng
- Department of Internal Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqiang Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chun-Lei Ma
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China "Brain stroke" Key Lab of Shandong Health Administration Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Li CY, Yin JG, Zhang J, Wang XX, Xu MJ, Liu F, Zou JD, Ju WZ. Pharmacokinetic profiles of hydroxysafflor yellow A following intravenous administration of its pure preparations in healthy Chinese volunteers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:225-230. [PMID: 25576896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the major active marker compound isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L., has been demonstrated to possess various attractive pharmacological activities. However, there is a lack of information about the complete clinical pharmacokinetic profiles of HSYA following the administration of its pure preparations. The purpose of this study was to fully characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of HSYA in healthy Chinese volunteers following drip intravenous infusion of injectable powder of pure HSYA (IPPH), a new drug recently approved for the phase I clinical study by China Food and Drug Administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS 36 healthy subjects of either sex were recruited in this single-center, and open-label, single doses (25, 50, and 75 mg) and multiple doses (50 mg, once daily, 7 consecutive days) study. Plasma samples were analyzed with a validated LC-MS/MS method. Various PK parameters were estimated from the plasma concentration versus time data using non-compartmental methods. RESULTS After single dose administration of IPPH, the values of AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞) and C(max) for HSYA were statistically proportional over the dose range of 25-75 mg. After 7 repeated doses of 50 mg IPPH, both C(max) and AUC(0-∞) were significantly decreased, from 3207 to 2959 μg L(-1), and from 12,811 to 12,135 µg h L(-1) respectively, while t(1/2) was significantly prolonged from 3.912 to 4.414 h. The minimum plasma concentrations on day 5, 6 and 7 showed good stability with no significant difference. Both Cmax and AUC of HSYA in male volunteers were generally lower than that in females. IPPH was generally well tolerated in healthy volunteers by either single or multiple dosing. CONCLUSION HSYA displayed moderately linear PK properties over the doses ranging from 25 to 75 mg of IPPH. Repeated administration of IPPH once daily could not lead to the in-vivo drug accumulation, but significantly affect PK behavior of HSYA. Gender difference should be considered for dosage recommendation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun-Gang Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mei-Juan Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian-Dong Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Zhao S, Lu X, Xiao C, Ning Z, Zeng H, Ding X, Zhang Y, Lu C, Liu Y. Diversified bioactivities of four types of naturally occurring quinochalcones. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Qi Z, Yan F, Shi W, Zhang C, Dong W, Zhao Y, Shen J, Ji X, Liu KJ, Luo Y. AKT-related autophagy contributes to the neuroprotective efficacy of hydroxysafflor yellow A against ischemic stroke in rats. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 5:501-9. [PMID: 24804941 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-014-0346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has been approved clinically for treating cardiac patients in China since 2005. Recent studies have indicated that HSYA may be neuroprotective at 24 h in experimental stroke models. Autophagy is a vital degradation pathway of damaged intracellular macromolecules or organelles to maintain homeostasis in physiological or pathological conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the neuroprotection of HSYA at 72 h and its mechanism via activating the autophagy pathway using an acute ischemic-reperfusion stroke rat model. Rats were treated with HSYA (2 mg/kg) during 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion/72 h reperfusion by intravenous administration at four different time points (15 min post-ischemia, 15 min, 24 h, and 48 h post reperfusion), mimicking the potential treatment for acute ischemic stroke. HSYA administration reduced infarction volume and improved various neurological functions at 72 h of reperfusion. The possible molecular mechanism was investigated. We found that HSYA activated the AKT-autophagy pathway in penumbra tissue, which occurred in neuronal-specific cells. Moreover, blocking the AKT-autophagy pathway by an AKT inhibitor abolished HSYA-induced neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. HSYA may be a promising drug for treating acute ischemic stroke and the AKT-dependent autophagy pathway contributes to the HSYA-afforded neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Qi
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
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Chemical and biological properties of quinochalcone C-glycosides from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Molecules 2013; 18:15220-54. [PMID: 24335575 PMCID: PMC6270621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinochalcone C-glycosides are regarded as characteristic components that have only been isolated from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Recently, quinochalcone C-glycosides were found to have multiple pharmacological activities, which has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore these compounds. This review aims to summarize quinochalcone C-glycosides’ physicochemical properties, chromatographic behavior, spectroscopic characteristics, as well as their biological activities, which will be helpful for further study and development of quinochalcone C-glycosides.
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