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Joustra SD, Roelfsema F, van Trotsenburg ASP, Schneider HJ, Kosilek RP, Kroon HM, Logan JG, Butterfield NC, Zhou X, Toufaily C, Bak B, Turgeon MO, Brûlé E, Steyn FJ, Gurnell M, Koulouri O, Le Tissier P, Fontanaud P, Duncan Bassett JH, Williams GR, Oostdijk W, Wit JM, Pereira AM, Biermasz NR, Bernard DJ, Schoenmakers N. IGSF1 Deficiency Results in Human and Murine Somatotrope Neurosecretory Hyperfunction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5606971. [PMID: 31650157 PMCID: PMC7108761 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The X-linked immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 (IGSF1), gene is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and in pituitary cells of the POU1F1 lineage. Human loss-of-function mutations in IGSF1 cause central hypothyroidism, hypoprolactinemia, and macroorchidism. Additionally, most affected adults exhibit higher than average IGF-1 levels and anecdotal reports describe acromegaloid features in older subjects. However, somatotrope function has not yet been formally evaluated in this condition. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the role of IGSF1 in human and murine somatotrope function. PATIENTS, DESIGN, AND SETTING We evaluated 21 adult males harboring hemizygous IGSF1 loss-of-function mutations for features of GH excess, in an academic clinical setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We compared biochemical and tissue markers of GH excess in patients and controls, including 24-hour GH profile studies in 7 patients. Parallel studies were undertaken in male Igsf1-deficient mice and wild-type littermates. RESULTS IGSF1-deficient adult male patients demonstrated acromegaloid facial features with increased head circumference as well as increased finger soft-tissue thickness. Median serum IGF-1 concentrations were elevated, and 24-hour GH profile studies confirmed 2- to 3-fold increased median basal, pulsatile, and total GH secretion. Male Igsf1-deficient mice also demonstrated features of GH excess with increased lean mass, organ size, and skeletal dimensions and elevated mean circulating IGF-1 and pituitary GH levels. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate somatotrope neurosecretory hyperfunction in IGSF1-deficient humans and mice. These observations define a hitherto uncharacterized role for IGSF1 in somatotropes and indicate that patients with IGSF1 mutations should be evaluated for long-term consequences of increased GH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd D Joustra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Nadia Schoenmakers, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK. E-mail:
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A S Paul van Trotsenburg
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harald J Schneider
- Department of Endocrinology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert P Kosilek
- Department of Endocrinology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Herman M Kroon
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - John G Logan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chirine Toufaily
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Beata Bak
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Turgeon
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emilie Brûlé
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Gurnell
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Olympia Koulouri
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Paul Le Tissier
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pierre Fontanaud
- CNRS, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, INSERM, and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
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Vélez EJ, Unniappan S. A Comparative Update on the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Growth Hormone in Vertebrates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:614981. [PMID: 33708174 PMCID: PMC7940767 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.614981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), mainly produced from the pituitary somatotrophs is a key endocrine regulator of somatic growth. GH, a pleiotropic hormone, is also involved in regulating vital processes, including nutrition, reproduction, physical activity, neuroprotection, immunity, and osmotic pressure in vertebrates. The dysregulation of the pituitary GH and hepatic insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) affects many cellular processes associated with growth promotion, including protein synthesis, cell proliferation and metabolism, leading to growth disorders. The metabolic and growth effects of GH have interesting applications in different fields, including the livestock industry and aquaculture. The latest discoveries on new regulators of pituitary GH synthesis and secretion deserve our attention. These novel regulators include the stimulators adropin, klotho, and the fibroblast growth factors, as well as the inhibitors, nucleobindin-encoded peptides (nesfatin-1 and nesfatin-1-like peptide) and irisin. This review aims for a comparative analysis of our current understanding of the endocrine regulation of GH from the pituitary of vertebrates. In addition, we will consider useful pharmacological molecules (i.e. stimulators and inhibitors of the GH signaling pathways) that are important in studying GH and somatotroph biology. The main goal of this review is to provide an overview and update on GH regulators in 2020. While an extensive review of each of the GH regulators and an in-depth analysis of specifics are beyond its scope, we have compiled information on the main endogenous and pharmacological regulators to facilitate an easy access. Overall, this review aims to serve as a resource on GH endocrinology for a beginner to intermediate level knowledge seeker on this topic.
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Bandettini WP, Karageorgiadis AS, Sinaii N, Rosing DR, Sachdev V, Schernthaner-Reiter MH, Gourgari E, Papadakis GZ, Keil MF, Lyssikatos C, Carney JA, Arai AE, Lodish M, Stratakis CA. Growth hormone and risk for cardiac tumors in Carney complex. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:739-46. [PMID: 27535175 PMCID: PMC4991637 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple neoplasia syndrome that is caused mostly by PRKAR1A mutations. Cardiac myxomas are the leading cause of mortality in CNC patients who, in addition, often develop growth hormone (GH) excess. We studied patients with CNC, who were observed for over a period of 20 years (1995-2015) for the development of both GH excess and cardiac myxomas. GH secretion was evaluated by standard testing; dedicated cardiovascular imaging was used to detect cardiac abnormalities. Four excised cardiac myxomas were tested for the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). A total of 99 CNC patients (97 with a PRKAR1A mutation) were included in the study with a mean age of 25.8 ± 16.6 years at presentation. Over an observed mean follow-up of 25.8 years, 60% of patients with GH excess (n = 46) developed a cardiac myxoma compared with only 36% of those without GH excess (n = 54) (P = 0.016). Overall, patients with GH excess were also more likely to have a tumor vs those with normal GH secretion (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.23-6.29; P = 0.014). IGF-1 mRNA and protein were higher in CNC myxomas than in normal heart tissue. We conclude that the development of cardiac myxomas in CNC may be associated with increased GH secretion, in a manner analogous to the association between fibrous dysplasia and GH excess in McCune-Albright syndrome, a condition similar to CNC. We speculate that treatment of GH excess in patients with CNC may reduce the likelihood of cardiac myxoma formation and/or recurrence of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Patricia Bandettini
- National HeartLung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander S Karageorgiadis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ninet Sinaii
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology ServiceClinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas R Rosing
- National HeartLung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vandana Sachdev
- National HeartLung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Evgenia Gourgari
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Georgios Z Papadakis
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesClinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meg F Keil
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charalampos Lyssikatos
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J Aidan Carney
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew E Arai
- National HeartLung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maya Lodish
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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