Splenic Vein Embolization Using Coil Anchors and Prophylactic Occlusion of a Hepatofugal Collateral for Hepatic Encephalopathy due to Splenorenal Shunt: Technical Note and Literature Review

Successful control of portal hypertension-related complications after two embolization procedures for multiple and large spontaneous portosystemic shunts in a patient with liver cirrhosis

Liver cirrhosis is frequently complicated by spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) due to portal hypertension. Shunt embolization is considered when symptoms related to SPSSs are refractory to endoscopic and/or medical therapies. However, little information is available on the treatment of patients with multiple and large SPSS. We report a successfully managed case in which patient with such SPSS received two embolization procedures within 6 months. A 57-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was transferred to our hospital due to a ruptured gastric varix. CT examination showed gastrorenal and splenorenal shunts of 8 mm and 11 mm in diameter, respectively. In addition, multiple hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were noted. First, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) was performed for the gastrorenal shunt, resulting in the disappearance of the varix, followed by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for HCCs. However, the hepatic encephalopathy worsened after the BRTO and TACE, and the splenorenal shunt enlarged to 18 mm in diameter. Although the shunt was tortuous and had another drainage vein, we completed the embolization for the shunt using metallic coils without any events. The patient's hepatic encephalopathy and hepatic function were ameliorated after embolization for the splenorenal shunt, and the patient was free from hepatic encephalopathy.