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Short WD, Olutoye OO, Padon BW, Parikh UM, Colchado D, Vangapandu H, Shams S, Chi T, Jung JP, Balaji S. Advances in non-invasive biosensing measures to monitor wound healing progression. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:952198. [PMID: 36213059 PMCID: PMC9539744 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.952198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a significant financial and medical burden. The synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in a new wound is a dynamic process that is constantly changing and adapting to the biochemical and biomechanical signaling from the extracellular microenvironments of the wound. This drives either a regenerative or fibrotic and scar-forming healing outcome. Disruptions in ECM deposition, structure, and composition lead to impaired healing in diseased states, such as in diabetes. Valid measures of the principal determinants of successful ECM deposition and wound healing include lack of bacterial contamination, good tissue perfusion, and reduced mechanical injury and strain. These measures are used by wound-care providers to intervene upon the healing wound to steer healing toward a more functional phenotype with improved structural integrity and healing outcomes and to prevent adverse wound developments. In this review, we discuss bioengineering advances in 1) non-invasive detection of biologic and physiologic factors of the healing wound, 2) visualizing and modeling the ECM, and 3) computational tools that efficiently evaluate the complex data acquired from the wounds based on basic science, preclinical, translational and clinical studies, that would allow us to prognosticate healing outcomes and intervene effectively. We focus on bioelectronics and biologic interfaces of the sensors and actuators for real time biosensing and actuation of the tissues. We also discuss high-resolution, advanced imaging techniques, which go beyond traditional confocal and fluorescence microscopy to visualize microscopic details of the composition of the wound matrix, linearity of collagen, and live tracking of components within the wound microenvironment. Computational modeling of the wound matrix, including partial differential equation datasets as well as machine learning models that can serve as powerful tools for physicians to guide their decision-making process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker D. Short
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Oluyinka O. Olutoye
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin W. Padon
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Umang M. Parikh
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Colchado
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hima Vangapandu
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shayan Shams
- Department of Applied Data Science, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, United States
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Taiyun Chi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Swathi Balaji,
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Tang M, Zhou S, Huang J, Sun L, Lu H. Stress responses of sulfate-reducing bacteria sludge upon exposure to polyethylene microplastics. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118646. [PMID: 35661505 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stress responses of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) sludge to polyethylene (PE) microplastic exposure were revealed for the first time. In this study, a lab-scale sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed reactor was continuously operated with different concentrations of PE microplastics in the feed (20, 100, and 500 microplastic particles (MPs)/L). Exposure to low levels of PE microplastics (i.e., 20 MPs/L) had a limited effect on SRB consortia, whereas higher levels of PE microplastics imposed apparent physiological stresses on SRB consortia. Despite this, the overall reactor performance, i.e., chemical oxygen demand removal and sulfate conversion, was less affected by prolonged exposure to PE microplastics. Moreover, as the concentration of PE microplastics increased, the SRB consortia promoted the production of extracellular polymeric substances to a greater extent, especially the secretion of proteins. As a result, protective effects against the cytotoxicity of PE microplastics were provided. Batch experiments further demonstrated that leaching additives from PE microplastics (including acetyl tri-n‑butyl citrate and bisphenol A, concentrations up to 5 μg/g sludge) exerted only a minor effect on the activity of SRB consortia. Additionally, microbial community analysis revealed active and potentially efficient sulfate reducers at different operational stages. Our results provide insight into the stress responses of SRB sludge under PE microplastic exposure and suggested that SRB consortia can gradually adapt to and resist high levels of PE microplastics. These findings may promote a better understanding of the stable operation of SRB sludge systems under specific environmental stimuli for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiamei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Whiteley CG, Lee DJ. Bacterial diguanylate cyclases: structure, function and mechanism in exopolysaccharide biofilm development. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:124-141. [PMID: 25499693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous bacterial cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) emerges as an important messenger for the control of many bacterial cellular functions including virulence, motility, bioluminescence, cellulose biosynthesis, adhesion, secretion, community behaviour, biofilm formation and cell differentiation. The synthesis of this cyclic nucleotide arises from external stimuli on various signalling domains within the N-terminal region of a dimeric diguanylate cyclase. This initiates the condensation of two molecules of guanosine triphosphate juxtaposed to each other within the C-terminal region of the enzyme. The biofilm from pathogenic microbes is highly resistant to antimicrobial agents suggesting that diguanylate cyclase and its product - c-di-GMP - are key biomedical targets for the inhibition of biofilm development. Furthermore the formation and long-term stability of the aerobic granule, a superior biofilm for biological wastewater treatment, can be controlled by stimulation of c-di-GMP. Any modulation of the synthetic pathways for c-di-GMP is clearly advantageous in terms of medical, industrial and/or environmental bioremediation implications. This review discusses the structure and reaction of individual diguanylate cyclase enzymes with a focus on new directions in c-di-GMP research. Specific attention is made on the molecular mechanisms that control bacterial exopolysaccharide biofilm formation and aerobic granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris G Whiteley
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science & Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wan C, Zhang Q, Lee DJ, Wang Y, Li J. Long-term storage of aerobic granules in liquid media: viable but non-culturable status. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 166:464-470. [PMID: 24950091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-term storage and successful reactivation after storage are essential for practical applications of aerobic granules on wastewater treatment. This study cultivated aerobic granules (SI) in sequencing batch reactors and then stored the granules at 4 °C in five liquid media (DI water (SW), acetone (SA), acetone/isoamyl acetate mix (SAA), saline water (SS), and formaldehyde (SF)) for over 1 year. The first four granules were then successfully reactivated in 24h cultivation. The specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR) of the granules followed SI>SS>SA>SAA>SW>SF; and the corresponding granular strengths (10 min ultrasound) followed SI>SA=SS>SAA>SW>>SF. During storage the granular cells secreted excess quantities of cyclic-diguanylate (c-di-GMP) and pentaphosphate (ppGpp) as responses to the stringent challenges. We proposed that to force cells in granules (Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Clostridia) entering viable but non-culturable (VBNC) status is the key of success for extended period storage of granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qinlan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jieni Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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