1
|
Park J, Kim H, Choung SY, Jeon YJ, Jeon HJ, Jun Youn S, Choi Y, Cho HS, Kang J, Seo Y, Kim KW, Song MY. The efficacy and safety of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract for sarcopenia: A study protocol for randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30773. [PMID: 36181010 PMCID: PMC9524911 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to propose a protocol to demonstrate the efficacy of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract for the improvement of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and function (muscle strength or performance function) and its safety compared to a placebo in adults with reduced muscle strength. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Participants will be recruited from the Korean Medicine Hospital in South Korea. One hundred and four adults with reduced muscle strength will be randomly assigned a 1:1 ratio to either the experimental or placebo comparator groups. The participants will consume the product corresponding to their assigned group for the following 12 weeks, and efficacy and safety tests will be conducted. This is the first clinical trial of C lanceolata water extract in adults with reduced muscle strength. The results of this study would provide a clinical basis for the efficacy and safety of C lanceolata water extract in patients with sarcopenia. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong on July 15, 2021 (amendment number: MLB_DDE_H01 [ver. 01]). When a change was made in the clinical trial plan, the IRB reviewed and approved the revised clinical trial plan. The study was registered on the Clinical Research Information Service website on December 3, 2021 (registration number: PRE20211203-003; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=20841&status=1&seq_group=20841&search_page=M). The results of this clinical trial will be reported in the future. Every document related to the clinical trial, such as the electronic case report form, will be recorded and classified by the subject identification code and not by the subject name.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Park
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University
| | - Yong Jae Jeon
- MILAE Bioresources Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Jeon
- MILAE Bioresources Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hong-Seok Cho
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Kang
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Seo
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koh-Woon Kim
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Song
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Mi-Yeon Song, Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verma P, Joshi BC, Bairy PS. A Comprehensive Review on Anti-obesity Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Bioactive Compounds. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220211162540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is a complex health and global epidemic issue. It is an increasing global health challenge covering significant social and economic costs. Abnormal accumulation of fat in the body may increase the health risks including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancer. Synthetic drugs available on the market reported to have several side effects. Therefore, the management of obesity got to involve the traditional use of medicinal plants which helps to search the new therapeutic targets and supports the research and development of anti-obesity drugs.
Objective:
This review aim to update the data and provide a comprehensive report of currently available knowledge of medicinal plants and phyto-chemical constituents reported for their anti-obesity activity.
Methodology:
An electronic search of the periodical databases like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Niscair, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar with information reported the period 1991-2019, was used to retrieve published data.
Results:
A comprehensive report of the present review manuscript is an attempt to list the medicinal plants with anti-obesity activity. The review focused on plant extracts, isolated chemical compounds with their mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, clinical studies for further scientific research.
Conclusion:
This review is the compilation of the medicinal plants and their constituents reported for the managements of obesity. The data will fascinate the researcher to initiate further research that may lead to the drug for the management of obesity and their associated secondary complications. Several herbal plants and their respective lead constituents were also screened by preclinical In-vitro and In-vivo, clinical trials and are effective in the treatment of obesity. Therefore, there is a need to develop and screen large number of plant extracts and this approach can surely be a driving force for the discovery of anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, Uttarakhand (India)
| | - Partha Sarathi Bairy
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand (India)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han MJ, Choung SY. Codonopsis lanceolata ameliorates sarcopenic obesity via recovering PI3K/Akt pathway and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153877. [PMID: 35026519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of sarcopenic obesity, muscle atrophy induced by obesity, has steadily increased and is emerging as a health problem. Although the anti-obesity effect of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) is known, its efficacy against sarcopenic obesity has not been studied. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the effect of CL on sarcopenic obesity and the changes in the related mechanisms to confirm the potential of CL as an effective natural therapeutic agent for sarcopenic obesity. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks, and CL was administered for 6 weeks with HFD feeding. Body weight and grip strength were measured twice a week. After sacrifice, muscle fiber histological analysis, blood lipid analysis, muscle triglyceride extraction, western blot, and real-time PCR were performed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and in vitro experiments using C2C12 cells were performed to verify the main and active compounds of CL. Confluent C2C12 cells were differentiated for 4 days, and then the main compound of CL was co-treated with palmitic acid for 24 h. RESULTS CL reduced body weight, mass of three fat tissues (epididymal fat, mesenteric fat, and perirenal fat), adipocyte cross-sectional area (CSA), and improved insulin signaling. Simultaneously, CL improved grip strength, mass of three muscle tissues (quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and soleus), and muscle fiber CSA. These results were due to the recovery of both the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and lipid metabolisms in skeletal muscle. Lipids accumulated in skeletal muscle interrupt the PI3K/Akt pathway, but CL reduced intramyocellular triglyceride concentration by restoring gene expression of factors related to triglyceride synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, the activated PI3K/Akt pathway enhanced muscle protein synthesis by increasing phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 and eIF4E-binding protein 1 and suppressed muscle protein degradation by decreasing expression of muscle ring finger-1 and muscle atrophy F-box protein. In addition, tangshenoside I (TS) was verified as the main compound of CL by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis, and its efficacy of inhibiting myotube atrophy and lipid accumulation in myotubes was confirmed, verifying that TS is an active compound. CONCLUSION CL is an effective natural material for sarcopenic obesity that suppresses muscle atrophy by inhibiting the accumulation of lipids in skeletal muscle through restoration of impaired PI3K/Akt pathway and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Han
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuddus SA, Tasnim Z, Shohag MH, Yasmin T, Uddin MS, Hossain MM, Subhan N, Alam MA, Khan F. Dillenia Indica Fruit Extract Suppressed Diet-induced Obesity in Rats by Down-regulating the mRNA Level of Proadipogenic Transcription Factors and Lipid Metabolizing Enzymes. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200901173319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Dillenia indica (Family: Dilleniaceae) is an antioxidant-rich edible fruitbearing
medicinal plant. The fruit of this plant (known as elephant apple) has many uses in traditional
medicine.
Objective:
By considering its antioxidant content and ameliorating effects, this study aimed to evaluate
the anti-adipogenic effects of D. indica fruit extract (DIFE) on high-fat diet (HFD) fed obese
rats.
Methods:
Male Wistar rats were fed with a standard diet (SD), or high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD
with 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg DIFE for 8 weeks. The fruit extract was given orally
by feeding gavage. The body weight, liver weight, visceral fat weight, plasma lipids, and oxidative
stress-related parameters were measured. The mRNA level of different adipogenesis related transcription
factors, lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes was also evaluated.
Results:
Consumption of DIFE daily (400 mg/kg) for 8 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of
high-fat diet-induced body weight, liver weight, visceral fat weight, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol
level. High-fat diet-mediated elevation of oxidative stress markers was also lowered,
with a parallel augmentation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes, due to 400 mg/kg DIFE feeding.
DIFE also down-regulated the mRNA level of important pro-adipogenic factors like PPARγ,
LXRα, and SREBP1c which consequently downregulated the transcript levels of lipogenic enzymes:
ACC, FAS, HMGCR, and DGAT. The transcript level of lipolytic enzyme, HSL was also
down-regulated in 400 mg/kg DIFE-fed rats.
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that the antioxidant-rich ethanolic extract of D. indica fruit
can down-regulate the gene expression of pro-adipogenic transcription factors and lipid metabolizing
enzymes and thus can suppress diet-induced obesity in Wistar rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed A. Kuddus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zarin Tasnim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Hasanuzzaman Shohag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad M. Hossain
- North South University, Genome Research Institute (NGRI), Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ferdous Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuddus SA, Bhuiyan MI, Subhan N, Shohag MH, Rahman A, Hossain MM, Alam MA, Khan F. Antioxidant-rich Tamarindus indica L. leaf extract reduced high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat through modulation of gene expression. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Different parts of the medicinal plant Tamarindus indica L. are full of phytochemicals that are able to reduce elevated blood pressure, blood sugar and lipids. These pharmacological effects are due to the presence of antioxidant type compounds in those parts of the plant. This study was aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of anti-obesity effects of ethanolic extract of T. indica L. leaves (TILE) through the evaluation of biochemical parameters and gene expression analysis in high-fat diet (HFD) consuming Wistar rats.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were supplied with a standard diet (SD), or HFD, or HFD with 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg TILE for 8 weeks. The body weight, liver weight, fat weight, plasma lipids, and oxidative stress-related parameters were measured. The transcript levels of different adipogenesis related transcription factors, lipogenic enzymes, and lipolytic enzymes were also evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR.
Result
Phytochemical analysis demonstrated that TILE is enriched with a substantial level of polyphenols (287.20 ± 9.21 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (107.52 ± 11.12 mg QE/g extract) which might be the reason of significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. Feeding of TILE (400 mg/kg/day) to HFD-fed rats increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase which is reflected as a significant reduction of oxidative stress markers like nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. TILE (400 mg/kg/day) feeding also down-regulated the mRNA levels of proadipogenic transcription factors including liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) in diet-induced obese rats. As a consequence of this, the mRNA level of lipogenic enzymes like acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), and HMG-CoA reductase was down-regulated with a parallel up-regulation of the transcript level of lipolytic enzyme, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL).
Conclusion
Observations from this study indicate that antioxidant-rich TILE can reduce HFD-induced body weight, fat weight and liver weight as well as blood lipids through down-regulating the gene expression of proadipogenic transcription factors and lipogenic enzymes with a concerted diminution of the gene expression of lipolytic enzyme, HSL.
Collapse
|
6
|
Codonopsis lanceolata polysaccharide CLPS alleviates high fat/high sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance via anti-oxidative stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:944-949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Lee YS, Kim H, Kim J, Seol GH, Lee KW. Lancemaside A, a major triterpene saponin of Codonopsis lanceolata enhances regulation of nitric oxide synthesis via eNOS activation. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:110. [PMID: 31126276 PMCID: PMC6534936 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Many studies on the effect of saponin-rich Codonopsis lanceolata as a bioactive source for improving physical health have been performed. C. lanceolata contains triterpenoid saponins, including lancemasides. These saponins are known to be particularly involved in the regulation of blood pressure or hypertension. This study investigated whether lancemaside A (LA), a major triterpenoid saponin from C. lanceolata, regulates nitric oxide (NO) production via the activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Methods Upon separation with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, LA was found to be abundant in the n-butanol-soluble portion. For further purification of LA, HPLC was performed to collect fraction, and LA was identified using analysis of LC/MSMS and 13C-NMR values. In in vitro, the effects of LA on NO release mechanism in HUVECs were investigated by Griess assay, quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR, and Western blotting. Results Our results showed that NO production was efficiently improved by treatment with LA in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the LA treatment resulted in extensive recovery of the NO production suppressed by the eNOS inhibitor, L-NAME, compared with that in the control group. Additionally, the level of eNOS mRNA was increased by this treatment in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that LA is an inducer of NO synthesis via eNOS mRNA expression. Also, the study indicated that LA is involved in activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Conclusion These results suggested that LA is an inducer of NO synthesis via eNOS mRNA expression. Also, the study indicated that LA is involved in activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. These findings suggest the value of using LA as a component of functional foods and natural pharmaceuticals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2516-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
8
|
Han AY, Lee YS, Kwon S, Lee HS, Lee KW, Seol GH. Codonopsis lanceolata extract prevents hypertension in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 39:119-124. [PMID: 29433673 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Codonopsis lanceolata, a plant with antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and blood lipid improving effects, has been widely used as a therapeutic agent in traditional medicine. PURPOSE The present study investigated the ability of an ethanol extract of Codonopsis lanceolata (ECL) to prevent hypertension in hypertensive rats. METHODS Rats were orally administered daily doses of 0 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg ECL for 3 weeks. As a positive control, rats were orally administered 10 mg/kg/day nifedipine. Hypertension was induced by immobilization stress for 2 h/day and by administration of 0.8 mg/kg/day nicotine for 3 weeks, followed by injection of 3 mg/kg nicotine on the day of sacrifice. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using a volume pressure recording system. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation of aortic cross sections were measured with a physiological recorder. Neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were estimated with an automated cell counter. RESULTS Treatment with both dosages of ECL significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive rats. Both doses of ECL tended to increase ACh- and SNP-induced vascular relaxation in hypertensive rats. Treatment with 200 mg/kg ECL significantly reduced neutrophil in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ECL is effective in reducing SBP and inflammation in hypertensive conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Young Han
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonho Kwon
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Su Lee
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Codonopsis lanceolata Water Extract Increases Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Rats with Experimentally-Induced Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111200. [PMID: 29104217 PMCID: PMC5707672 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the mechanisms and efficacy of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract (CLW) for treating type 2 diabetic (T2DM) symptoms. Partial pancreatectomized (Px) rats, a non-obese T2DM model, were provided high fat diets containing cellulose (control), 0.3% (CLW-L) or 1% CLW (CLW-H) for eight weeks. The positive control group was provided with rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg bw/day). The control group had lower epididymal fat masses than the CLW and the positive control groups, possibly due to urinary glucose loss, although CPT-1 and SIRT-1 expression was higher in the CLW group. CLW-H significantly reduced serum glucose levels and urinary glucose loss compared to the untreated control. The improvement of glucose utilization was associated with a higher fat mass in the CLW-H and positive control groups. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was higher in the untreated control than other groups and CLW tightly regulated insulin secretion as much as the positive control, and it was much tighter than the untreated control. Glucose infusion rates were higher during the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in the CLW and positive controls than the untreated control, and liver glucose outputs were lower during basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions in the CLW and positive control groups than the untreated control group. The increased hepatic insulin sensitivity was associated with enhanced insulin signaling in CLW (pAkt➔pGSK-1β). In conclusion, CLW consumption effectively alleviated diabetic symptoms by improving insulin sensitivity, potentiating hepatic insulin signaling and tightly regulating the insulin secretion capacity in non-obese T2DM rats.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen G, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhu H, Cai E, Gao Y, Liu S, Yang H, Zhang L. Saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng prevent obesity via regulating thermogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:393-403. [PMID: 28599882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mouse model was used to evaluate the dietary effect of saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (SLG), and to explore its mechanism of action in producing anti-obesity effects. The results indicate that SLG showed significant anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice, represented by decreased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, glucose, leptin and insulin, as well as a reduction in overall body and liver weight, epididymal adipose tissue weight, and food efficiency, and inhibition of abnormal increases in acyl carnitine levels normally caused by an HFD. Additionally, the down-regulated expression of PPARγ, FAS, CD36, FATP2 and up-regulated expression of CPT-1, UCP-2, PPARα, HSL, and ATGL in liver tissue was induced by SLG. In addition, the SLG groups showed decreased PPARγ, aP2 and leptin mRNA levels and increased expression of PPARα, PGC-1α, UCP-1 and UCP-3 genes in adipose tissues, compared with the HFD group. In short, SLG may play a key role in producing anti-obesity effects in mice fed an HFD, and its mechanism may be related to regulation of thermogenesis, lipogenesis and lipolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Yugang Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shuangli Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - He Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim HJ, Kim S, Lee AY, Jang Y, Davaadamdin O, Hong SH, Kim JS, Cho MH. The Effects of Gymnema sylvestre in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:813-832. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This study used an integrated approach to investigate the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract as a functional dietary supplement with a high-fat diet. This approach examined insulin resistance, the dysfunction of adipose tissue, and liver steatosis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for the acute and chronic study, in addition to GS in different doses (100, 250 and 500[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight). Their body composition changes, serum lipid and glucose parameters, adipose and liver tissue histology, and gene expression were measured. It was found that GS significantly suppressed the increase of body weight, serum levels of lipid, insulin and leptin, and adipose tissue, and liver inflammation. GS also demonstrated hypoglycemic effects due to the amylase inhibition activity. Our results support the existence of a relationship between the HFD induced insulin resistance, adipose dysfunction and liver steatosis. In conclusion, GS works as a functional dietary supplement with preventative effects against metabolic disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Daehangno 103-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk, Medical Innovation Foundation, 88-gil, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- R&D Center, Biterials Co., Ltd., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Daehangno 103-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ju J, Song JL, Park ES, Do MS, Park KY. Korean solar salts reduce obesity and alter its related markers in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:629-634. [PMID: 27909561 PMCID: PMC5126413 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.6.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The aim of this experiments was to show anti-obesity effects of Korean solar salt from different salt fields in diet-induced obese mice. SUBJECTS/METHODS Diet-induced obesity (DIO) was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% cal from fat) in C57BL/6J mice for eight weeks. The mice were fed with the designated diets (chow diet for Normal, HFD for Control, 0.47%-salt-mixed HFD for purified salt (PS), Guerande solar salt from France (SS-G), solar salt from Y salt field (SS-Y), solar salts from T salt field (SS-T) and S salt field (SS-S)) for another eight weeks. We checked body weight, food efficiency ratio (FER) and tissue weights (liver and epididymal adipose tissue (EAT)), and observed serum concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), leptin and insulin. We also evaluated gene expressions of adipogenic / lipogenic mRNAs of C/EBPα, PPARγ and FAS and beta-oxidation-related factors (PPARα and CPT-1) in liver and EAT. The mineral composition of salt samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). RESULTS SS-T and SS-S significantly reduced body weight gain, FER, and weight of EAT compared to control and other samples (P < 0.05). SS-T and SS-S also significantly decreased serum levels of TG, TC, leptin and insulin (P < 0.05). SS-T and SS-S suppressed expressions of adipogenic / lipogenic mRNAs in liver and EAT, while promoting expression of beta-oxidation-related factors. The lowest sodium concentration was observed in SS-T (30.30 ± 0.59%), and the lowest sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio was found in SS-S (17.81). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that well-processed Korean solar salt may have anti-obesity effects in vivo, probably owing to its differences in mineral composition and other components, presumably resulting from the manufacturing processes. Further research is needed into the mechanism and to explore optimal manufacturing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Ju
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, 335 Pan-gyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Korea
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Eui-Seong Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Myoung-Sool Do
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37554, Korea
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, 335 Pan-gyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Korea.; Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Codonopsis lanceolata and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. root extracts for functional food: metabolic profiling by MS, FTIR and fluorescence and evaluation of cytotoxicity and anti-obesity properties on 3T3-L1 cell line. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Kim HJ, Hong SH, Chang SH, Kim S, Lee AY, Jang Y, Davaadamdin O, Yu KN, Kim JE, Cho MH. Effects of feeding a diet containing Gymnema sylvestre extract: Attenuating progression of obesity in C57BL/6J mice. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:437-44. [PMID: 27261851 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract (GS) on initial anti-obesity, liver injury, and glucose homeostasis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS The dry powder of GS was extracted with methanol, and gymnemic acid was identified by high performance liquid chromatography as deacyl gymnemic acid. Male C57BL/6J mice that fed on either a normal diet, normal diet containing 1 g/kg GS (CON+GS), HFD, or HFD containing 1.0 g/kg GS (HFD + GS) for 4 weeks were used to test the initial anti-obesity effect of GS. Body weight gain and food intake, and serum levels about lipid and liver injury markers were measured. Histopathology of adipose tissue and liver stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and oil-red O were analyzed. After 4 weeks of GS extract feeding, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed. RESULTS The methanol extracts of GS exerted significant anti-obesity effects in HFD + GS group. They decreased body weight gain, a lower food and energy efficiency ratio, and showed lower serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and leptin compared with the HFD group. The decreases of abdominal as well as epididymal fat weight and adipocyte hypertrophy, lipid droplets in liver, and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were also observed. The CON + GS group showed an effect of glucose homeostasis compared to the CON group. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that GS provide the possibility as a key role in an initial anti-obesity effects feeding with a HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Chang
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Nam Yu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea; Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balaji M, Ganjayi MS, Hanuma Kumar GEN, Parim BN, Mopuri R, Dasari S. A review on possible therapeutic targets to contain obesity: The role of phytochemicals. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:363-80. [PMID: 26740473 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity has increased markedly in recent decades making it a global public health concern. Since obesity is a potential risk factor in the development of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, infertility, etc., it is no more viewed as a cosmetic issue. Currently, only a few FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs like Orlistat, Lorcaserin and Phentermine-topiramate are available in the market, but they have considerable side effects. On the other hand, bariatric surgery as an alternative is associated with high risk and expensive. In view of these there is a growing trend towards natural product-based drug intervention as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity and related ailments. In Asian traditional medicine and Ayurvedic literature a good number of plant species have been used and quoted for possible lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects; however, many of them have not been evaluated rigorously for a definite recommendation and also lack adequate scientific validation. This review explores and updates on various plant species, their used parts, bioactive components and focuses multiple targets/pathways to contain obesity which may pave the way to develop novel and effective drugs. We also summarised different drugs in use to treat obesity and their current status. Nature is future promise of our wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriga Balaji
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Muni Swamy Ganjayi
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gali E N Hanuma Kumar
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Brahma Naidu Parim
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hossen MJ, Kim MY, Kim JH, Cho JY. Codonopsis lanceolata
: A Review of Its Therapeutic Potentials. Phytother Res 2015; 30:347-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science; Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki; Patuakhali 8602 Bangladesh
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science; Soongsil University; Seoul 07027 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Iksan 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee JS, Kim YH, Kim DB, Shin GH, Lee JH, Cho JH, Lee BY, Lee OH. Acute and subchronic (28 days) oral toxicity studies of Codonopsis lanceolata extract in Sprague-Dawley rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:491-7. [PMID: 25724632 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis lanceolata is a perennial plant that has been used as a food and in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, bronchitis, and inflammation in East Asia including Korea, Japan, and China. However, information regarding its toxicity is limited. Therefore, we performed a safety evaluation of aqueous C. lanceolata root extract (CLE) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Assessment of acute toxicity revealed that CLE did not influence mortality, clinical appearance, body weight gain, or necropsy findings at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. In the subchronic oral toxicity, data revealed that several significant alteration in food consumption, water consumption, protein excretion, WBCs levels, TGs, BUN levels, and the absolute and relative weights in the liver, spleen and lungs. However, these changes were transient and were not considered treatment related because they showed no apparent dose dependent. These results suggest that CLE (1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg body weight/day) administered orally does not cause acute or subchronic toxicity to male or female rats. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of CLE was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea; National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 404-708, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Dan-Bi Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Gi-Hae Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Cho
- Hurum Central Research Institute, Ochang 363-883, South Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 463-836, South Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
He JY, Ma N, Zhu S, Komatsu K, Li ZY, Fu WM. The genus Codonopsis (Campanulaceae): a review of phytochemistry, bioactivity and quality control. J Nat Med 2015; 69:1-21. [PMID: 25099952 PMCID: PMC4287686 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis, in the family Campanulaceae, is a genus containing 42 species of dicotyledonous herbaceous perennial plants, predominantly found in Central, East and South Asia. Several Codonopsis species are widely used in traditional medicine and are considered to have multiple medicinal properties. Among the Codonopsis species, Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. and C. lanceolata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Trautv. are more popular than others according to the findings, especially phytochemical and bioactive studies. Phytochemical research shows that Codonopsis species contain mainly polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids and polysaccharides, which contribute to multiple bioactivities. However, the mechanisms of their bioactivities need to be further elucidated. The less popular Codonopsis species remain to be studied and exploited. In addition, although a series of methods for the quality evaluation of Codonopsis species have been developed, a feasible and reliable approach to the efficacious and safe use of various Codonopsis species is still needed, with considering botanical origin, chemical constituents and bioactive effects. This review aims to provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on the phytochemistry, bioactivity and quality control of medicinal plants in the genus Codonopsis and to highlight current gaps in knowledge, which is useful for the wider development of the Codonopsis genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu He
- />Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1121 Haibin Rd., Nansha Dist., 511-458 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Ma
- />Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1121 Haibin Rd., Nansha Dist., 511-458 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhu
- />Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- />Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- />Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1121 Haibin Rd., Nansha Dist., 511-458 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Fu
- />Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1121 Haibin Rd., Nansha Dist., 511-458 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Codonopsis lanceolata extract prevents diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Nutrients 2014; 6:4663-77. [PMID: 25353662 PMCID: PMC4245555 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis lanceolata extract (CLE) has been used in traditional medicine in the Asian-Pacific region for the treatment of bronchitis, cough, and inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether obesity in mice can be altered by diet supplementation with CLE. To investigate whether CLE could have preventative effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, male C57BL/6 mice were placed on either a normal chow diet, 60% HFD, or a HFD supplemented with CLE (60, 180, and 360 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. CLE decreased body weight and subcutaneous and visceral fat weights in HFD-induced obese mice. CLE group mice showed lower fat accumulation and a smaller adipocyte area in the adipose tissue compared with the HFD group mice. CLE group mice exhibited lower serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and insulin compared with the HFD group mice. In addition, CLE decreased liver weight and lowered the increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in HFD-induced obese mice. These results indicate that CLE can inhibit the development of diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lancemaside A from Codonopsis lanceolata modulates the inflammatory responses mediated by monocytes and macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:405158. [PMID: 24782593 PMCID: PMC3981472 DOI: 10.1155/2014/405158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lancemaside A from Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) in the inflammatory responses of monocytes (U937 cells) and macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). Lancemaside A significantly suppressed the inflammatory functions of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated RAW264.7 cells by suppressing the production of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of the NO-producing enzyme inducible NO synthase (iNOS), the upregulation of the costimulatory molecule CD80, and the morphological changes induced by LPS exposure. In addition, lancemaside A diminished the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and boosted the neutralizing capacity of these cells when treated with the radical generator sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Interestingly, lancemaside A strongly blocked the adhesion activity of RAW264.7 cells to plastic culture plates, inhibited the cell-cell and cell-fibronectin (FN) adhesion of U937 cells that was triggered by treatment with an anti-β1-integrin (CD29) antibody and immobilized FN, respectively. By evaluating the activation of various intracellular signaling pathways and the levels of related nuclear transcription factors, lancemaside A was found to block the activation of inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) and p65/nuclear factor- (NF-) κB. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory function of lancemaside A is the result of its strong antioxidative and IKK/NF-κB inhibitory activities.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wong CP, Kaneda T, Morita H. Plant natural products as an anti-lipid droplets accumulation agent. J Nat Med 2014; 68:253-66. [PMID: 24550097 PMCID: PMC3948524 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently people often suffer from unhealthy energy metabolism balance as they tend to take more energy than required. Normally, excess energy taken in is converted into triglyceride and stored in adipocyte as lipid droplets. Recent studies have suggested that irregular accumulation of triglyceride in adipocyte might be a cause of many metabolic diseases. Thus, the awareness of the detrimental effects on health of excessive lipid droplets accumulation (LDA) has urged the development or finding of drugs to counter this effect, including those from botanical origins. This review summarized recent progress in this field from the viewpoint of crude drug studies with references to their anti-LDA activity. Possible mechanisms involved in their anti-LDA effect and isolations of the relevant bioactive compounds were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Piow Wong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Toshio Kaneda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| |
Collapse
|