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Lee S, No JG, Choi BH, Kim DK, Hyung N, Park J, Choi MK, Yeom DH, Ji J, Kim DH, Yoo JG. Application of Enzyme-Linked Fluorescence Assay (ELFA) to Obtain In Vivo Matured Dog Oocytes through the Assessment of Progesterone Level. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1885. [PMID: 37889804 PMCID: PMC10251998 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful dog cloning requires a sufficient number of in vivo matured oocytes as recipient oocytes for reconstructing embryos. The accurate prediction of the ovulation day in estrus bitches is critical for collecting mature oocytes. Traditionally, a specific serum progesterone (P4) range in the radioimmunoassay (RIA) system has been used for the prediction of ovulation. In this study, we investigated the use of an enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) system for the measurement of P4. Serum samples of estrus bitches were analyzed using both RIA and ELFA, and the measured P4 values of ELFA were sorted into 11 groups based on the standard concentration measured in RIA and compared. In addition, to examine the tendency of changes in the P4 values in each system, the P4 values on ovulation day (from D - 6 to D + 1) in both systems were compared. The ELFA range of 5.0-12.0 ng/mL was derived from the RIA standard range of 4.0-8.0 ng/mL. The rates of acquired matured oocytes in RIA and ELFA were 55.47% and 65.19%, respectively. The ELFA system successfully produced cloned puppies after the transfer of the reconstructed cloned oocytes. Our findings suggest that the ELFA system is suitable for obtaining in vivo matured oocytes for dog cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghoon Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Jin-Gu No
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 224, Deogyuwolseong-ro, Hamyang-gun 50000, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.C.); (D.-K.K.)
| | - Dong-Kyo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 224, Deogyuwolseong-ro, Hamyang-gun 50000, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.C.); (D.-K.K.)
| | - Namwoong Hyung
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - JongJu Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Mi-Kyoung Choi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyeon Yeom
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Juyoung Ji
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Jae Gyu Yoo
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
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Tschoner T. Methods for Pain Assessment in Calves and Their Use for the Evaluation of Pain during Different Procedures-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1235. [PMID: 33922942 PMCID: PMC8146443 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation and assessment of the level of pain calves are experiencing is important, as the experience of pain (e.g., due to routine husbandry procedures) severely affects the welfare of calves. Studies about the recognition of pain in calves, and especially pain management during and after common procedures, such as castration, dehorning, and disbudding, have been published. This narrative review discusses and summarizes the existing literature about methods for pain assessment in calves. First, it deals with the definition of pain and the challenges associated with the recognition of pain in calves. Then it proceeds to outline the different options and methods for subjective and objective pain assessment in calves, as described in the literature. Research data show that there are several tools suitable for the assessment of pain in calves, at least for research purposes. Finally, it concludes that for research purposes, various variables for the assessment of pain in calves are used in combination. However, there is no variable which can be used solely for the exclusive assessment of pain in calves. Also, further research is needed to describe biomarkers or variables which are easily accessible in the field practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Tschoner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The age-related accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) negatively impacts bone metabolism and hematopoiesis. This review provides an overview about BMAT-secreted factors as biomarkers for BMAT accumulation and osteoporosis risk. RECENT FINDINGS The adipokines leptin and adiponectin are regulators of BMAT. It remains to be clarified if locally produced adipokines substantially contribute to their peripheral serum levels and if they influence bone metabolism beyond that of extraosseous adipokine production. Existing data also suggests that BMAT disturbs bone metabolism primarily through palmitate-mediated toxic effects on osteoblasts and osteocytes, including dysregulated autophagy and apoptosis. BMAT-secreted factors are important modulators of bone metabolism. However, the majority of our understanding about MAT-secreted factors and their paracrine and endocrine effects is derived from in vitro studies and animal experiments. Therefore, more research is needed before BMAT-secreted biomarkers can be applied in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15/1, 8036, Graz, Austria.
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Jorquera-Chavez M, Fuentes S, Dunshea FR, Jongman EC, Warner RD. Computer vision and remote sensing to assess physiological responses of cattle to pre-slaughter stress, and its impact on beef quality: A review. Meat Sci 2019; 156:11-22. [PMID: 31121361 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pre-slaughter stress is well-known to affect meat quality of beef carcasses and methods have been developed to assess this stress. However, development of more practical and less invasive methods are required in order to assess the response of cattle to pre-slaughter stressors, which will potentially also assist with the prediction of beef quality. This review outlines the importance of pre-slaughter stress as well as existing and emerging technologies for quantification of the pre-slaughter stress. The review includes; i) indicators of meat quality and how they are affected by pre-slaughter stress in cattle, ii) contact techniques that have been commonly used to measure stress indicators in animals, iii) remotely sensed imagery techniques recently used as non-invasive methods to monitor physiological and behavioural parameters and iv) potential implementation of remotely sensed imagery data to perform contactless assessment of physiological measurements, which could be related to the pre-slaughter stress, as well as to the indicators of beef quality. Relevance to industry, conclusions and recommendations for research are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jorquera-Chavez
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ellen C Jongman
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn D Warner
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Fazio E, Medica P, Cravana C, Ferlazzo A. Release of β-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol in response to machine milking of dairy cows. Vet World 2015; 8:284-9. [PMID: 27047086 PMCID: PMC4774832 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.284-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was undertaken with the objective to obtain insight into the dynamics of the release of β-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in response to machine milking in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 healthy multiparous lactating Italian Friesian dairy cows were used in the study. Animals were at the 4th-5th month of pregnancy and were submitted to machine milking 2 times daily. Blood samples were collected in the morning: In baseline conditions, immediately before milking and after milking; and in the early afternoon: In baseline conditions, before milking and after milking, for 2 consecutive days. Endocrine variables were measured in duplicate, using a commercial radioimmunoassay for circulating β-endorphin and ACTH concentrations and a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for cortisol concentration. Results: Data obtained showed a similar biphasic cortisol secretion of lactating dairy cows, with a significant increase of cortisol concentration after morning machine milking, at both the 1st and the 2nd day (p<0.05), and a decrease after afternoon machine milking at the 2nd day (p<0.01). One-way RM ANOVA showed significant effects of the machine milking on the cortisol changes, at both morning (f=22.96; p<0.001) and afternoon (f=15.10; p<0.01) milking, respectively. Two-way RM ANOVA showed a significant interaction between cortisol changes at the 1st and the 2nd day (f=7.94; p<0.0002), and between the sampling times (f=6.09; p<0.001). Conversely, no significant effects of the machine milking were observed on β-endorphin and ACTH changes, but only a moderate positive correlation (r=0.94; p<0.06) after milking stimuli. Conclusions: A wide range of cortisol concentrations reported in this study showed the complex dynamic patterns of the homeostatic mechanisms involved during machine milking in dairy cows, suggesting that β-endorphin and ACTH were not the main factors that caused the adrenocortical response to milking stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - P Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - C Cravana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - A Ferlazzo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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