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Fernandes B, Alves S, Schmidt V, Bizarro AF, Pinto M, Pereira H, Marto J, Lourenço AM. Primary Prevention of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Breaking the Cycle-A Narrative Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:659. [PMID: 37999481 PMCID: PMC10674681 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common and distressing skin condition in dogs, affecting up to 30% of the canine population. It not only impacts their quality of life but also that of their owners. Like human atopic dermatitis (hAD), cAD has a complex pathogenesis, including genetic and environmental factors. Current treatments focus on managing clinical signs, but they can be costly and have limitations. This article emphasizes the importance of preventing cAD from developing in the first place. Understanding the role of the skin's protective barrier is crucial, as its dysfunction plays a vital role in both hAD and cAD. hAD prevention studies have shown promising results in enhancing the skin barrier, but more research is needed to support more robust conclusions. While hAD primary prevention is currently a focal point of intensive investigation in human medicine, research on cAD primary prevention remains under-researched and almost non-existent. Pioneering effective prevention strategies for cAD holds immense potential to enhance the quality of life for both dogs and their owners. Additionally, it bears the promise of a translational impact on human research. Hence, further exploration of this crucial topic is not only relevant but also timely and imperative, warranting support and encouragement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernandes
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Alves
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK
| | - Ana Filipa Bizarro
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Pinto
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Lourenço
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Bhargava P, Singdia H, Nijhawan S, Mathur DK, Bhargava RK. A study of biophysical profile of inguinal skin: An implication for health and disease. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2021; 42:7-13. [PMID: 34765931 PMCID: PMC8579585 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_101_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Inguinal skin is prone to various infectious dermatological conditions such as erythrasma, intertrigo, hidradenitis suppurativa, folliculitis, dermatophytic infection, and various sexually transmitted diseases, as compared to the skin elsewhere. Aim: Our study attempts to compare the biophysical profile parameters (BPPs) of the genital skin with that of the rest of the body, while taking skin of the upper back as control. It also attempts to find out if there is a difference in BPPs of the two sites and that how the change in the BPPs, bring about change in microbiome and make inguinal skin more prone to infections. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based comparative study conducted over 976 patients (600 males and 376 females) of age group 18–60 years, where BPP parameters such as hydration, skin pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and sebum content were measured over the skin of the upper back and right inguinal region, and the results were summarized and presented as proportions (%). Chi-square test was used to compare abnormal findings. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. MedCalc 16.4 version software was used for all statistical calculations. Results: Significant difference was noted in skin pH and TEWL, where P value came out to be <0.05, which was statistically significant, whereas there was minimal difference in sebum content and skin hydration in both the areas, in males and females. Conclusion: Raised skin pH disturbs organization of lipid bilayers (disturbed barrier), decreases lipid processing (impaired SC cohesion), and increases serine protease activity (reduced AMP). Increased TEWL (defect in physical barrier) and decreased hydration predispose the genital skin to infections. Use of pH buffered solutions (3–4), barrier repair creams containing ceramides, and barrier protective creams with dimethicone can help prevent these inguinal dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Bhargava
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Heena Singdia
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivi Nijhawan
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak K Mathur
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rishi K Bhargava
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Ouyang Y, Chen S, Zhao L, Song Y, Lei A, He J, Wang J. Global Metabolomics Reveals That Vibrio natriegens Enhances the Growth and Paramylon Synthesis of Euglena gracilis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:652021. [PMID: 33869160 PMCID: PMC8044410 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.652021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The microalga Euglena gracilis is utilized in the food, medicinal, and supplement industries. However, its mass production is currently limited by its low production efficiency and high risk of microbial contamination. In this study, physiological and biochemical parameters of E. gracilis co-cultivated with the bacteria Vibrio natriegens were investigated. A previous study reports the benefits of E. gracilis and V. natriegens co-cultivation; however, no bacterium growth and molecular mechanisms were further investigated. Our results show that this co-cultivation positively increased total chlorophyll, microalgal growth, dry weight, and storage sugar paramylon content of E. gracilis compared to the pure culture without V. natriegens. This analysis represents the first comprehensive metabolomic study of microalgae-bacterial co-cultivation, with 339 metabolites identified. This co-cultivation system was shown to have synergistic metabolic interactions between microalgal and bacterial cells, with a significant increase in methyl carbamate, ectoine, choline, methyl N-methylanthranilate, gentiatibetine, 4R-aminopentanoic acid, and glu-val compared to the cultivation of E. gracilis alone. Taken together, these results fill significant gaps in the current understanding of microalgae-bacteria co-cultivation systems and provide novel insights into potential improvements for mass production and industrial applications of E. gracilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ouyang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiting Song
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Anping Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provinces, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Provinces, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Panzuti P, Vidémont E, Fantini O, Fardouet L, Noël G, Cappelle J, Pin D. A moisturizer formulated with glycerol and propylene glycol accelerates the recovery of skin barrier function after experimental disruption in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:344-e89. [PMID: 32628309 PMCID: PMC7586792 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Moisturizers are foundational therapies for human atopic dermatitis. In veterinary medicine, the use of moisturizers has been recommended by an expert committee to alleviate skin dryness that would occur, for example, in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). However, little is known regarding the effects of moisturizers on the skin barrier. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate the effects of a moisturizer on skin barrier recovery in a canine model of chronic mechanical barrier disruption. Animals Six healthy beagle dogs maintained in a laboratory setting. Methods and materials A model of chronic skin barrier disruption was simulated by tape stripping on both sides of the thorax. The moisturizer then was applied twice daily for one week to one side of the thorax, while the other hemithorax was left untreated. The effects were evaluated by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at various times during skin barrier recovery, and by histological assessment of the disrupted skin one week after moisturizer application. Results Overall, TEWL was reduced, epidermal thickness was lower, stratum corneum thickness was greater and the intensity of the dermal inflammatory infiltrate was reduced for treated sites. Conclusions and clinical importance These results suggest a potential benefit of the moisturizer for improving skin barrier function, which is frequently altered in chronic inflammatory dermatoses such as cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Panzuti
- VetAgro Sup, UP ICE, Université de Lyon, 69280, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Emilie Vidémont
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Saint-Martin, 74370, Saint-Martin-de-Bellevue, France
| | - Oscar Fantini
- VetAgro Sup, UP ICE, Université de Lyon, 69280, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | | | - Guillaume Noël
- Biovivo, Institut Claude Bourgelat, VetAgro Sup, 69280, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Julien Cappelle
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Université Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.,UMR EPIA, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, 69280, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Didier Pin
- VetAgro Sup, UP ICE, Université de Lyon, 69280, Marcy l'Étoile, France
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Lee BC, Pangeni R, Na J, Koo KT, Park JW. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of a highly skin- and nail-permeable efinaconazole topical formulation for enhanced treatment of onychomycosis. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:1167-1177. [PMID: 31738083 PMCID: PMC6882438 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1687612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a progressive fungal infection of the nails that involves the deeper nail layer and nail bed. It is important to maintain sufficient drug concentration in the diseased tissues after topical application. In this study, a stable topical delivery system for efinaconazole (EFN) was designed to enhance absorption potential through the skin and nail plate by incorporating ethanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Transcutol P) and isopropyl myristate, and cyclomethicone into the topical solution as a delivery vehicle, permeation enhancers, and a wetting agent, respectively. In addition, the stability of EFN in the formulation was significantly improved by adding butylated hydroxytoluene, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and citric acid as an antioxidant, chelating agent, and pH-adjusting agent, respectively, without discoloration. The optimum EFN formulation (EFN-K) showed 1.46-fold greater human skin permeation than that of the reference control (commercial 10% EFN topical solution). Furthermore, after a 24-hour incubation, the amount of infiltrated EFN from EFN-K in the human nail plate was 4.11-fold greater than that of the reference control, resulting in an 89.7% increase in nail flux at 7 days after treatment. EFN-K significantly accelerated structural recovery of the keratin layer in a Trichophyton mentagrophytes-infected guinea pig onychomycosis model, decreasing the mean viable fungal cell count by 54.3% compared to the vehicle-treated group after once-daily treatment for 4 weeks. Thus, the accelerated skin and nail penetration effect of EFN-K is expected to achieve good patient compliance, and improve the complete cure rate of onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rudra Pangeni
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo-Tan Koo
- BioBelief Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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Szczepanik MP, Wilkołek PM, Adamek ŁR, Kalisz G, Gołyński M, Sitkowski W, Taszkun I. Correlation between transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and severity of clinical symptoms in cats with atopic dermatitis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2018; 82:306-311. [PMID: 30363310 PMCID: PMC6168015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether there is a correlation between transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the severity of skin lesions in cats with feline atopic dermatitis (AD). The severity of symptoms was determined by using 2 scoring systems for clinically assessing the skin lesions in cats: Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) and Feline Extent and Severity Index (FeDESI). Such a correlation between TEWL and systems for clinically evaluating symptoms has already been shown in humans and dogs. Measurements were taken in 18 European Shorthair cats: 11 females and 7 males. Scores were calculated using SCORFAD and FeDESI and TEWL was measured in 7 areas of the body. Correlations were calculated between SCORFAD and TEWL and between FeDESI and TEWL for each body region and the average TEWL was also calculated with each system. Positive correlations were found between SCORFAD and TEWL in 3 of the examined areas: thorax (r = 0.44, P = 0.02); axilla (r = 0.39, P = 0.04); and forelimb (r = 0.55, P = 0.02). A correlation was also found between the average TEWL and SCORFAD (r = 0.41, P = 0.03). In the case of FeDESI, a correlation was found in the forelimb (r = 0.53, P = 0.02), but no correlation was found between FeDESI and the average TEWL. The results obtained showed that TEWL can be used as an additional tool in clinically assessing atopic dermatitis in cats, although it seems to be less useful in cats than in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin P Szczepanik
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology (Szczepanik, Wilkołek, Adamek, Kalisz, Sitkowski, Taszkun) and Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses (Gołyński), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr M Wilkołek
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology (Szczepanik, Wilkołek, Adamek, Kalisz, Sitkowski, Taszkun) and Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses (Gołyński), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz R Adamek
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology (Szczepanik, Wilkołek, Adamek, Kalisz, Sitkowski, Taszkun) and Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses (Gołyński), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kalisz
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology (Szczepanik, Wilkołek, Adamek, Kalisz, Sitkowski, Taszkun) and Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses (Gołyński), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołyński
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology (Szczepanik, Wilkołek, Adamek, Kalisz, Sitkowski, Taszkun) and Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses (Gołyński), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Sitkowski
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology (Szczepanik, Wilkołek, Adamek, Kalisz, Sitkowski, Taszkun) and Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses (Gołyński), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Taszkun
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology (Szczepanik, Wilkołek, Adamek, Kalisz, Sitkowski, Taszkun) and Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses (Gołyński), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
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Zając M, Szczepanik M, Wilkołek P, Adamek Ł, Pomorski Z. The influence of non-specific anti-pruritus treatment with cyclosporine A on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in natural atopic dermatitis in dogs. Pol J Vet Sci 2015; 18:415-24. [DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a common allergic skin disease in dogs. Monitoring the progress of treatment and the assessment of the severity of disease symptoms are crucial elements of the treatment procedure. One of the common means of assessing the severity of the clinical signs of the disease is the CADESI 03. Research studies have pointed to a possibility of assessing the severity of skin lesions by means of measuring biophysical skin parameters such as TEWL, skin hydration and erythema intensity. The aim of the study was the assessment of changes in TEWL and CADESI values measured in ten different body regions during non-specific anti-pruritus treatment. The examination was performed on ten dogs with atopic dermatitis (age from 2.5 years to 7 years, mean age 3.8 years). The measurements were performed in the following body regions: the lumbar region, the right axillary fossa, the right inguinal region, the ventral abdominal region, the right lateral thorax region, the internal surface of the auricle, interdigital region of the right forelimb, cheek, bridge of nose and the lateral site of antebrachum. A statistically significant decrease in CADESI values was reported starting from the second week of treatment. In the case of the mean TEWL values, a fall was observed after one week of treatment in the ventral abdominal region and the interdigital region, after two weeks of treatment in the axillary fossa and the inguinal region, and after three weeks in the cheek and the lateral thorax region. There was no statistically significant decrease in TEWL values in the course of treatment in four other regions.
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