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Zhang J, Jiang H, Xu D, Wu WJ, Chen HD, He L. DNA-PKcs Mediates An Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process Promoting Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invasion And Metastasis By Targeting The TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9395-9405. [PMID: 31807020 PMCID: PMC6844265 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s205017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) has attracted extensive attention in various types of malignant tumors. However, the role of DNA-PKcs in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) development has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of DNA-PKcs in cSCC and the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β1-induced cSCC progression mediated by DNA-PKcs. Methods We performed bioinformatic analysis and RT-PCR to examine the DNA-PKcs expression level in cSCC. Then, we downregulated DNA-PKcs using a DNA-PK-specific inhibitor or small interfering RNA (siRNA) to explore the effects of DNA-PKcs on SCL-1 cell migration and invasion. To further investigate the mechanism by which DNA-PKcs promotes cSCC progression, TGF-β1 and the TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR) I/II dual inhibitor LY2109761 were used to examine whether DNA-PKcs participates in TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Results DNA-PKcs expression was upregulated in cSCC. DNA-PK inhibition or expression knockdown resulted in inhibited migration and invasion and altered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression patterns in SCL-1 cells. Importantly, TGF-β1 mediated EMT induction in cSCC cells, and DNA-PKcs was identified as a TGF-β1-responsive gene. TGF-β1 promoted DNA-PKcs transcription, and DNA-PKcs enhanced the TGF-β1-induced EMT program involved in cSCC invasion and metastasis by phosphorylating Smad3. Conclusion This study is the first to show that DNA-PKcs mediates EMT to promote cSCC aggressiveness by targeting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, which provides insight into how DNA-PKcs impacts cSCC progression and identifies a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Gao G, Zhang T, Wang Q, Reddy K, Chen H, Yao K, Wang K, Roh E, Zykova T, Ma W, Ryu J, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Alberts D, Dickinson SE, Bode AM, Xing Y, Dong Z. ADA-07 Suppresses Solar Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis by Directly Inhibiting TOPK. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1843-1854. [PMID: 28655782 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative exposure to solar ultraviolet (SUV) irradiation is regarded as the major etiologic factor in the development of skin cancer. The activation of the MAPK cascades occurs rapidly and is vital in the regulation of SUV-induced cellular responses. The T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK), an upstream activator of MAPKs, is heavily involved in inflammation, DNA damage, and tumor development. However, the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of specific TOPK inhibitors in SUV-induced skin cancer have not yet been elucidated. In the current study, ADA-07, a novel TOPK inhibitor, was synthesized and characterized. Pull-down assay results, ATP competition, and in vitro kinase assay data revealed that ADA-07 interacted with TOPK at the ATP-binding pocket and inhibited its kinase activity. Western blot analysis showed that ADA-07 suppressed SUV-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNKs and subsequently inhibited AP-1 activity. Importantly, topical treatment with ADA-07 dramatically attenuated tumor incidence, multiplicity, and volume in SKH-1 hairless mice exposed to chronic SUV. Our findings suggest that ADA-07 is a promising chemopreventive or potential therapeutic agent against SUV-induced skin carcinogenesis that acts by specifically targeting TOPK. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1843-54. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Kanamata Reddy
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Ke Yao
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Keke Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Eunmiri Roh
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Tatyana Zykova
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Weiya Ma
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Joohyun Ryu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | | | - David Alberts
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Ying Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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Hill NT, Gracia-Maldonado GH, Leonard MK, Harper AR, Tober KL, Oberyszyn TM, Kadakia MP. Role of vitamin D3 in modulation of ΔNp63α expression during UVB induced tumor formation in SKH-1 mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107052. [PMID: 25191969 PMCID: PMC4156396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ΔNp63α, a proto-oncogene, is up-regulated in non-melanoma skin cancers and directly regulates the expression of both Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). Since ΔNp63α has been shown to inhibit cell invasion via regulation of VDR, we wanted to determine whether dietary Vitamin D3 protected against UVB induced tumor formation in SKH-1 mice, a model for squamous cell carcinoma development. We examined whether there was a correlation between dietary Vitamin D3 and ΔNp63α, VDR or PTEN expression in vivo in SKH-1 mice chronically exposed to UVB radiation and fed chow containing increasing concentrations of dietary Vitamin D3. Although we observed differential effects of the Vitamin D3 diet on ΔNp63α and VDR expression in chronically irradiated normal mouse skin as well as UVB induced tumors, Vitamin D3 had little effect on PTEN expression in vivo. While low-grade papillomas in mice exposed to UV and fed normal chow displayed increased levels of ΔNp63α, expression of both ΔNp63α and VDR was reduced in invasive tumors. Interestingly, in mice fed high Vitamin D3 chow, elevated levels of ΔNp63α were observed in both local and invasive tumors but not in normal skin suggesting that oral supplementation with Vitamin D3 may increase the proliferative potential of skin tumors by increasing ΔNp63α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha T. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Boonshoft School of Medicine; Wright State University; Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gabriel H. Gracia-Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Boonshoft School of Medicine; Wright State University; Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mary K. Leonard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Boonshoft School of Medicine; Wright State University; Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Harper
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L. Tober
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tatiana M. Oberyszyn
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Madhavi P. Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Boonshoft School of Medicine; Wright State University; Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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