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Suzuki I, Matsuda N, Han X, Noji S, Shibata M, Nagafuku N, Ishibashi Y. Large-Area Field Potential Imaging Having Single Neuron Resolution Using 236 880 Electrodes CMOS-MEA Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207732. [PMID: 37088859 PMCID: PMC10369302 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrophysiological technology having a high spatiotemporal resolution at the single-cell level and noninvasive measurements of large areas provide insights on underlying neuronal function. Here, a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-microelectrode array (MEA) is used that uses 236 880 electrodes each with an electrode size of 11.22 × 11.22 µm and 236 880 covering a wide area of 5.5 × 5.9 mm in presenting a detailed and single-cell-level neural activity analysis platform for brain slices, human iPS cell-derived cortical networks, peripheral neurons, and human brain organoids. Propagation pattern characteristics between brain regions changes the synaptic propagation into compounds based on single-cell time-series patterns, classification based on single DRG neuron firing patterns and compound responses, axonal conduction characteristics and changes to anticancer drugs, and network activities and transition to compounds in brain organoids are extracted. This detailed analysis of neural activity at the single-cell level using the CMOS-MEA provides a new understanding of the basic mechanisms of brain circuits in vitro and ex vivo, on human neurological diseases for drug discovery, and compound toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuro Suzuki
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuda
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Xiaobo Han
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Shuhei Noji
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Mikako Shibata
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Nami Nagafuku
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
| | - Yuto Ishibashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan
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Han X, Matsuda N, Ishibashi Y, Odawara A, Takahashi S, Tooi N, Kinoshita K, Suzuki I. A functional neuron maturation device provides convenient application on microelectrode array for neural network measurement. Biomater Res 2022; 26:84. [PMID: 36539898 PMCID: PMC9768978 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microelectrode array (MEA) systems are valuable for in vitro assessment of neurotoxicity and drug efficiency. However, several difficulties such as protracted functional maturation and high experimental costs hinder the use of MEA analysis requiring human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Neural network functional parameters are also needed for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. METHODS In the present study, we produced a cost effective nanofiber culture platform, the SCAD device, for long-term culture of hiPSC-derived neurons and primary peripheral neurons. The notable advantage of SCAD device is convenient application on multiple MEA systems for neuron functional analysis. RESULTS We showed that the SCAD device could promote functional maturation of cultured hiPSC-derived neurons, and neurons responded appropriately to convulsant agents. Furthermore, we successfully analyzed parameters for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation, i.e., low-frequency components and synaptic propagation velocity of the signal, potentially reflecting neural network functions from neurons cultured on SCAD device. Finally, we measured the axonal conduction velocity of peripheral neurons. CONCLUSIONS Neurons cultured on SCAD devices might constitute a reliable in vitro platform to investigate neuron functions, drug efficacy and toxicity, and neuropathological mechanisms by MEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Han
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuda
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Yuto Ishibashi
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Aoi Odawara
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Sayuri Takahashi
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
| | - Norie Tooi
- Stem Cell & Device Laboratory, Inc. (SCAD), OFFICE-ONE Shijo Karasuma 11F, 480, Niwatoriboko-Cho, Shimogyo-Ku, Kyoto, 600-8491 Japan
| | - Koshi Kinoshita
- Stem Cell & Device Laboratory, Inc. (SCAD), OFFICE-ONE Shijo Karasuma 11F, 480, Niwatoriboko-Cho, Shimogyo-Ku, Kyoto, 600-8491 Japan
| | - Ikuro Suzuki
- grid.444756.00000 0001 2165 0596Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-8577 Japan
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Liss A, Hellman A, Patel VJ, Maietta T, Byraju K, Trowbridge R, Acheta J, Panse D, Srikanthan A, Neubauer P, Burdette C, Ghoshal G, Williams E, Qian J, Pilitsis JG. Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Increases Duration of Anti-Nociceptive Responses in Female Common Peroneal Nerve Injury Rats. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:504-510. [PMID: 35667768 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic pain affects 7%-10% of Americans, occurs more frequently and severely in females, and available treatments have been shown to have less efficacy in female patients. Preclinical models addressing sex-specific treatment differences in the treatment of chronic pain have been limited. Here we examine the sex-specific effects of low intensity focused ultrasound (liFUS) in a modified sciatic nerve injury (SNI) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A modified SNI performed by ligating the common peroneal nerve (CPN) was used to measure sensory, behavioral pain responses, and nerve conduction studies in female and male rats, following liFUS of the L5 dorsal root ganglion. RESULTS Using the same dose of liFUS in females and males of the same weight, CPN latency immediately after treatment was increased for 50 min in females compared to 25 min in males (p < 0.001). Improvements in mechanical pain thresholds after liFUS lasted significantly longer in females (seven days; p < 0.05) compared to males (three days; p < 0.05). In females, there was a significant improvement in depression-like behavior as a result of liFUS (N = 5; p < 0.01); however, because males never developed depression-like behavior there was no change after liFUS treatment. CONCLUSIONS Neuromodulation with liFUS has a greater effect in female rats on CPN latency, mechanical allodynia duration, and depression-like behavior. In order to customize neuromodulatory techniques for different patient phenotypes, it is essential to understand how they may alter sex-specific pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Liss
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Abigail Hellman
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Vraj J Patel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Maietta
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kanakaharini Byraju
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Trowbridge
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jenica Acheta
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Drishti Panse
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Adithya Srikanthan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Julie G Pilitsis
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
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Mulpuri Y, Yamamoto T, Nishimura I, Spigelman I. Role of voltage-gated sodium channels in axonal signal propagation of trigeminal ganglion neurons after infraorbital nerve entrapment. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2022; 11:100084. [PMID: 35128176 PMCID: PMC8803652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infraorbital nerve entrapment (IoNE) induces mechanical allodynia and enhances signal propagation in primary afferent A- and C-fibers. IoNE increases sensitivity of A- and C-fibers to conduction block by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and selective voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (NaV1.8) inhibitor, A-803467. IoNE increases signal propagation in vibrissal pad Ad -, but not Aβ-fibers, and their sensitivity to conduction block by the selective NaV1.8 inhibitor. IoNE increases membrane excitability of dissociated small and medium sized trigeminal neurons. IoNE increases nerve, but not ganglion, levels of NaV1.3, NaV1.7, and NaV1.8 mRNAs, and NaV1.8 protein.
Chronic pain arising from peripheral nerve injuries represents a significant clinical challenge because even the most efficacious anticonvulsant drug treatments are limited by their side effects profile. We investigated pain behavior, changes in axonal signal conduction and excitability of trigeminal neurons, and expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) in the infraorbital nerve and trigeminal ganglion (TG) after infraorbital nerve entrapment (IoNE). Compared to Sham, IoNE rats had increased A- and C-fiber compound action potentials (CAPs) and Aδ component of A-CAP area from fibers innervating the vibrissal pad. After IoNE, A- and C-fiber CAPs were more sensitive to blockade by tetrodotoxin (TTX), and those fibers that were TTX-resistant were more sensitive to blockade by the NaV1.8 selective blocker, A-803467. Although NaV1.7 blocker, ICA-121431 alone, did not affect Aδ-fiber signal propagation, cumulative application with A-803467 and 4,9-anhydro-TTX significantly reduced the Aδ-fiber CAP in IoNE rats. In patch clamp recordings from small- and medium-sized TG neurons, IoNE resulted in reduced action potential (AP) depolarizing current threshold, hyperpolarized AP voltage threshold, increased AP duration, and a more depolarized membrane potential. While the transcripts of most NaVs were reduced in the ipsilateral TG after IoNE, NaV1.3, NaV1.7, and NaV1.8 mRNAs, and NaV1.8 protein, were significantly increased in the nerve. Altogether, our data suggest that axonal redistribution of NaV1.8, and to a lesser extent NaV1.3, and NaV1.7 contributes to enhanced nociceptive signal propagation in peripheral nerve after IoNE.
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Herr DW. The Future of Neurotoxicology: A Neuroelectrophysiological Viewpoint. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:1. [PMID: 34966904 PMCID: PMC8711081 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.729788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroelectrophysiology is an old science, dating to the 18th century when electrical activity in nerves was discovered. Such discoveries have led to a variety of neurophysiological techniques, ranging from basic neuroscience to clinical applications. These clinical applications allow assessment of complex neurological functions such as (but not limited to) sensory perception (vision, hearing, somatosensory function), and muscle function. The ability to use similar techniques in both humans and animal models increases the ability to perform mechanistic research to investigate neurological problems. Good animal to human homology of many neurophysiological systems facilitates interpretation of data to provide cause-effect linkages to epidemiological findings. Mechanistic cellular research to screen for toxicity often includes gaps between cellular and whole animal/person neurophysiological changes, preventing understanding of the complete function of the nervous system. Building Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) will allow us to begin to identify brain regions, timelines, neurotransmitters, etc. that may be Key Events (KE) in the Adverse Outcomes (AO). This requires an integrated strategy, from in vitro to in vivo (and hypothesis generation, testing, revision). Scientists need to determine intermediate levels of nervous system organization that are related to an AO and work both upstream and downstream using mechanistic approaches. Possibly more than any other organ, the brain will require networks of pathways/AOPs to allow sufficient predictive accuracy. Advancements in neurobiological techniques should be incorporated into these AOP-base neurotoxicological assessments, including interactions between many regions of the brain simultaneously. Coupled with advancements in optogenetic manipulation, complex functions of the nervous system (such as acquisition, attention, sensory perception, etc.) can be examined in real time. The integration of neurophysiological changes with changes in gene/protein expression can begin to provide the mechanistic underpinnings for biological changes. Establishment of linkages between changes in cellular physiology and those at the level of the AO will allow construction of biological pathways (AOPs) and allow development of higher throughput assays to test for changes to critical physiological circuits. To allow mechanistic/predictive toxicology of the nervous system to be protective of human populations, neuroelectrophysiology has a critical role in our future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Herr
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, NC, United States
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6
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Suhar RA, Marquardt LM, Song S, Buabbas H, Doulames VM, Johansson PK, Klett KC, Dewi RE, Enejder AMK, Plant GW, George PM, Heilshorn SC. Elastin-like Proteins to Support Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Guidance Conduits. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4209-4220. [PMID: 34510904 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) offer an alternative to harvested nerve grafts for treating peripheral nerve injury (PNI). NGCs have been made from both naturally derived and synthesized materials. While naturally derived materials typically have an increased capacity for bioactivity, synthesized materials have better material control, including tunability and reproducibility. Protein engineering is an alternative strategy that can bridge the benefits of these two classes of materials by designing cell-responsive materials that are also systematically tunable and consistent. Here, we tested a recombinantly derived elastin-like protein (ELP) hydrogel as an intraluminal filler in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. We demonstrated that ELPs enhance the probability of forming a tissue bridge between the proximal and distal nerve stumps compared to an empty silicone conduit across the length of a 10 mm nerve gap. These tissue bridges have evidence of myelinated axons, and electrophysiology demonstrated that regenerated axons innervated distal muscle groups. Animals implanted with an ELP-filled conduit had statistically higher functional control at 6 weeks than those that had received an empty silicone conduit, as evaluated by the sciatic functional index. Taken together, our data support the conclusion that ELPs support peripheral nerve regeneration in acute complete transection injuries when used as an intraluminal filler. These results support the further study of protein engineered recombinant ELP hydrogels as a reproducible, off-the-shelf alternative for regeneration of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A Suhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Laura M Marquardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hana Buabbas
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vanessa M Doulames
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Patrik K Johansson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Katarina C Klett
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ruby E Dewi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Annika M K Enejder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Giles W Plant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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7
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Monza L, Fumagalli G, Chiorazzi A, Alberti P. Translating morphology from bench side to bed side via neurophysiology: 8-min protocol for peripheral neuropathy research. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 363:109323. [PMID: 34391792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy treatment is not always satisfactory. To fill this gap, inferences from bench side are warranted, where morphological and pathogenetic determinations can be performed. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are ideal to translate results from preclinical to clinical setting. NEW METHODS We propose a comprehensive 8-minute protocol for sensory-motor neurophysiological assessment, similar to routine clinical practice: sensory proximal and distal caudal nerves, motor caudal nerve, and sensory digital nerve recordings were used and tested in 2 different experimental settings. In Experiment 1 we compared control (CTRL) animals to a severe sensory-motor polyneuropathy (animals treated with vincristine [VCR]), and in Experiment 2 CTRL animals were compared to a mild sensory polyneuropathy (animals treated with oxaliplatin [OHP]). NCS were performed after 1-month of chemotherapy and matched with confirmatory neuropathological analyses. RESULTS VCR treated animals showed, at NCS, a relevant sensory-motor polyneuropathy ensued at the end of treatment; whereas, OHP animals showed a mild distal sensory neuropathy. These patterns were confirmed by neuropathological analysis. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS In literature, the majority of proposed neurophysiological protocols relies mainly on a single nerve testing, rather than a combination of them, and only a few studies tested both caudal and sciatic nerve branches, nevertheless not aiming at fully reproduce clinical protocols (e.g., seeking for length-dependency); to provide evidence of appropriateness of our protocol we applied a gold standard: neuropathology. CONCLUSION The simple and rapid protocol here presented can be suggested as a good translation outcome measure in preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Monza
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fumagalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; NeuroMI (Milan Center for Neuroscience), Milan, Italy.
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Liu Y, Li J, Song S, Kang J, Tsao Y, Chen S, Mottini V, McConnell K, Xu W, Zheng YQ, Tok JBH, George PM, Bao Z. Morphing electronics enable neuromodulation in growing tissue. Nat Biotechnol 2020. [PMID: 32313193 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-41020-40495-41582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics for modulating the nervous system have shown promise in treating neurological diseases1-3. However, their fixed dimensions cannot accommodate rapid tissue growth4,5 and may impair development6. For infants, children and adolescents, once implanted devices are outgrown, additional surgeries are often needed for device replacement, leading to repeated interventions and complications6-8. Here, we address this limitation with morphing electronics, which adapt to in vivo nerve tissue growth with minimal mechanical constraint. We design and fabricate multilayered morphing electronics, consisting of viscoplastic electrodes and a strain sensor that eliminate the stress at the interface between the electronics and growing tissue. The ability of morphing electronics to self-heal during implantation surgery allows a reconfigurable and seamless neural interface. During the fastest growth period in rats, morphing electronics caused minimal damage to the rat nerve, which grows 2.4-fold in diameter, and allowed chronic electrical stimulation and monitoring for 2 months without disruption of functional behavior. Morphing electronics offers a path toward growth-adaptive pediatric electronic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuchi Tsao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shucheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vittorio Mottini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly McConnell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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9
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Morphing electronics enable neuromodulation in growing tissue. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:1031-1036. [PMID: 32313193 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics for modulating the nervous system have shown promise in treating neurological diseases1-3. However, their fixed dimensions cannot accommodate rapid tissue growth4,5 and may impair development6. For infants, children and adolescents, once implanted devices are outgrown, additional surgeries are often needed for device replacement, leading to repeated interventions and complications6-8. Here, we address this limitation with morphing electronics, which adapt to in vivo nerve tissue growth with minimal mechanical constraint. We design and fabricate multilayered morphing electronics, consisting of viscoplastic electrodes and a strain sensor that eliminate the stress at the interface between the electronics and growing tissue. The ability of morphing electronics to self-heal during implantation surgery allows a reconfigurable and seamless neural interface. During the fastest growth period in rats, morphing electronics caused minimal damage to the rat nerve, which grows 2.4-fold in diameter, and allowed chronic electrical stimulation and monitoring for 2 months without disruption of functional behavior. Morphing electronics offers a path toward growth-adaptive pediatric electronic medicine.
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Pardo ID, Rao DB, Butt MT, Jortner BS, Valentine WM, Arezzo J, Sharma AK, Bolon B. Toxicologic Pathology of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Overview, Challenges, and Current Practices. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:1028-1036. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623318800707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) toxicity is a frequent adverse effect encountered in patients treated with certain therapeutics (e.g., antiretroviral drugs, cancer chemotherapeutics), in occupational workers exposed to industrial chemicals (e.g., solvents), or during accidental exposures to household chemicals and/or environmental agents (e.g., pesticides). However, the literature and expertise needed for the effective design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of safety studies to identify and define PNS toxicity are hard to find. This half-day course familiarized participants with basic PNS biology; causes and mechanisms of PNS pathology; classic methods and current best practice recommendations for PNS sampling, preparation, and evaluation; and examples of commonly observed lesions and artifacts. Three concluding case presentations synthesized information from the prior technical lectures by presenting real-world examples of lesions caused by drugs and chemicals to demonstrate how PNS toxicity may be addressed in evaluating product safety during nonclinical studies. Topics emphasized comparative and correlative data among animal species used in toxicity studies and clinical evaluation in humans in order to facilitate the translation of animal data into human risk assessment with respect to PNS toxicologic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepa B. Rao
- Current employer: Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark T. Butt
- Tox Path Specialists, LLC, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Bernard S. Jortner
- Virginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Joseph Arezzo
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Brad Bolon
- GEMpath Inc., Longmont, Colorado, USA *Ingrid D. Pardo and Deepa B. Rao contributed equally to production of this article
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Pelot NA, Behrend CE, Grill WM. Modeling the response of small myelinated axons in a compound nerve to kilohertz frequency signals. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:046022. [PMID: 28361793 PMCID: PMC5677574 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa6a5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing interest in electrical neuromodulation of peripheral nerves, particularly autonomic nerves, to treat various diseases. Electrical signals in the kilohertz frequency (KHF) range can produce different responses, including conduction block. For example, EnteroMedics' vBloc® therapy for obesity delivers 5 kHz stimulation to block the abdominal vagus nerves, but the mechanisms of action are unclear. APPROACH We developed a two-part computational model, coupling a 3D finite element model of a cuff electrode around the human abdominal vagus nerve with biophysically-realistic electrical circuit equivalent (cable) model axons (1, 2, and 5.7 µm in diameter). We developed an automated algorithm to classify conduction responses as subthreshold (transmission), KHF-evoked activity (excitation), or block. We quantified neural responses across kilohertz frequencies (5-20 kHz), amplitudes (1-8 mA), and electrode designs. MAIN RESULTS We found heterogeneous conduction responses across the modeled nerve trunk, both for a given parameter set and across parameter sets, although most suprathreshold responses were excitation, rather than block. The firing patterns were irregular near transmission and block boundaries, but otherwise regular, and mean firing rates varied with electrode-fibre distance. Further, we identified excitation responses at amplitudes above block threshold, termed 're-excitation', arising from action potentials initiated at virtual cathodes. Excitation and block thresholds decreased with smaller electrode-fibre distances, larger fibre diameters, and lower kilohertz frequencies. A point source model predicted a larger fraction of blocked fibres and greater change of threshold with distance as compared to the realistic cuff and nerve model. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings of widespread asynchronous KHF-evoked activity suggest that conduction block in the abdominal vagus nerves is unlikely with current clinical parameters. Our results indicate that compound neural or downstream muscle force recordings may be unreliable as quantitative measures of neural activity for in vivo studies or as biomarkers in closed-loop clinical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Pelot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Room 1427, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Campus Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
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Distinct roles of ASIC3 and TRPV1 receptors in electroacupuncture-induced segmental and systemic analgesia. Front Med 2016; 10:465-472. [PMID: 27896621 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of different afferent fibers on electroacupuncture (EA)-induced analgesia. However, contributions of functional receptors expressed on afferent fibers to the EA analgesia remain unclear. This study investigates the roles of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors in EA-induced segmental and systemic analgesia. Effects of EA at acupoint ST36 with different intensities on the C-fiber reflex and mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were measured among the ASIC3-/-, TRPV1-/-, and C57BL/6 mice. Compared with C57BL/6 mice, the ipsilateral inhibition of EA with 0.8 C-fiber threshold (0.8Tc) intensity on C-fiber reflex was markedly reduced in ASIC3-/- mice, whereas the bilateral inhibition of 1.0 and 2.0Tc EA was significantly decreased in TRPV1-/- mice. The segmental increase in pain thresholds induced by 0.3 mA EA was significantly reduced in ASIC3-/- mice, whereas the systemic enhancement of 1.0 mA EA was markedly decreased in TRPV1-/- mice. Thus, segmental analgesia of EA with lower intensity is partially mediated by ASIC3 receptor on Aβ-fiber, whereas systemic analgesia induced by EA with higher intensity is more likely induced by TRPV1 receptor on Aδ- and C-fibers.
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The emerging role of in vitro electrophysiological methods in CNS safety pharmacology. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 81:47-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Authier S, Arezzo J, Delatte MS, Kallman MJ, Markgraf C, Paquette D, Pugsley MK, Ratcliffe S, Redfern WS, Stevens J, Valentin JP, Vargas HM, Curtis MJ. Safety pharmacology investigations on the nervous system: An industry survey. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 81:37-46. [PMID: 27263834 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) conducted an industry survey in 2015 to identify industry practices as they relate to central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system ('CNS') drug safety testing. One hundred fifty-eight (158) participants from Asia (16%), Europe (20%) and North America (56%) responded to the survey. 52% of participants were from pharmaceutical companies (>1000 employees). Oncology (67%) and neurology/psychiatry (66%) were the most frequent target indications pursued by companies followed by inflammation (48%), cardiovascular (43%), metabolic (39%), infectious (37%), orphan (32%) and respiratory (29%) diseases. Seizures (67% of participants), gait abnormalities (67%), tremors (65%), emesis (56%), sedation (52%) and salivation (47%) were the most commonly encountered CNS issues in pre-clinical drug development while headache (65%), emesis/nausea (60%), fatigue (51%) and dizziness (49%) were the most frequent issues encountered in Phase I clinical trials. 54% of respondents reported that a standard battery of tests applied to screen drug candidates was the approach most commonly used to address non-clinical CNS safety testing. A minority (14% of all participants) reported using electroencephalography (EEG) screening prior to animal inclusion on toxicology studies. The most frequent group size was n=8 for functional observation battery (FOB), polysomnography and seizure liability studies. FOB evaluations were conducted in a dedicated room (78%) by blinded personnel (66%) with control for circadian cycle (55%) effects (e.g., dosing at a standardized time; balancing time of day across treatment groups). The rat was reported as the most common species used for seizure liability, nerve conduction and drug-abuse liability testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Authier
- CiToxLAB North America, 445 Armand Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 4B3, Canada.
| | - Joseph Arezzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Marcus S Delatte
- Division of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Addiction Products (DAAAP), CDER, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Carrie Markgraf
- Discovery Sciences Support, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - Michael K Pugsley
- Department of Toxicology, Purdue Pharma L.P., Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
| | - Sian Ratcliffe
- Safety Pharmacology COE, Pfizer, United States, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - William S Redfern
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Joanne Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | - Hugo M Vargas
- Integrated Discovery and Safety Pharmacology, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Curtis
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE17EH, UK
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