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Sheibani N. Connective Tissue Growth Factor: A Key Factor Among Mediators of Tissue Fibrosis. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2022; 17:449-452. [PMID: 36620701 PMCID: PMC9806321 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v17i4.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Huang M, Yang H, Zhu L, Li H, Zhou J, Zhou Z. Inhibition of connective tissue growth factor attenuates paraquat-induced lung fibrosis in a human MRC-5 cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1620-1626. [PMID: 26129822 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to Paraquat (PQ) may result in progressive pulmonary fibrosis and subsequent chronic obstructive pulmonary malfunction. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been proposed as a key determinant in the development of lung fibrosis. We investigated thus whether knock down of CTGF can prevent human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) activation and proliferation with the subsequent inhibition of PQ-induced fibrosis. MRC-5 was transfected with CTGF-siRNAs and exposed to different concentrations of PQ. The siRNA-silencing efficacy was evaluated using western blotting analyses, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Next, the viability and migration of MRC-5 was determined. MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 accumulation were quantified to evaluate the lung fibrosis exposure to PQ. Over expression of CTGF mRNA was observed in human MRC-5 cell as early as 6 h following PQ stimulation. CTGF gene expression in MRC-5 cells was substantially reduced by RNAi, which significantly suppressed the expression of the lung fibrosis markers such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that were stimulated by PQ. Inhibition of CTGF expression suppressed impeded the proliferation and migration ability of MRC-5 cells and resulted in cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation in cells. Our results suggest that CTGF promoted the development of PQ-induced lung fibrosis in collaboration with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Furthermore, the observed arresting effects of CTGF knock down during this process suggested that CTGF is the potential target site for preventing PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1620-1626, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- The Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Yang
- The Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqin Zhu
- The Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghui Li
- The Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- The Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, 1160 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, WHO Collaborating Center for Occupational Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Huang M, Lou D, Li HH, Cai Q, Wang YP, Yang HF. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates paraquat-induced acute pulmonary poisoning in vivo via transforming growth factor β1 and nuclear factor κB pathway interaction. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1312-1318. [PMID: 26860689 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116630351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) exposure could cause pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in an acute PQ poison model. One hundred and forty-four Sprague Dawley rats were equally divided into three experimental groups: control group, PQ group, and PQ + PDTC group. At days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 of treatment, the serum levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), the levels of hydroxyproline, the protein expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, and histopathological change in lung tissue were assessed. The survival rate of rats treated with PQ + PDTC was increased compared with that of rats treated only with PQ (p < 0.05), and the occurrence of pathological changes was dramatically attenuated in the PQ + PDTC group. The serum levels of TGF-β1 and the hydroxyproline levels in the PQ group were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner compared with those in the control and PQ + PDTC groups on days 7, 14, 28, and 56 (p < 0.05). Additionally, the protein levels of NF-κB proteins p65, inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKKβ, and IκB-α were significantly downregulated in the PQ + PDTC group as determined by array analysis. The present findings suggest that overexpression of TGF-β1 may play an important role in PQ-induced lung injury and that PDTC, a strong NF-κB inhibitor, can rescue PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis by influencing the protein expression of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huang
- Lab of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - D Lou
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - H-H Li
- Lab of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Cai
- Lab of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-P Wang
- Lab of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - H-F Yang
- Lab of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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Noh SMM, Kadir SHSA, Crowston JG, Subrayan V, Vasudevan S. Effects of ranibizumab on TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 production by human Tenon's fibroblasts: An in vitro study. Mol Vis 2015; 21:1191-200. [PMID: 26539031 PMCID: PMC4605752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibiting exaggerated wound healing responses, which are primarily mediated by human Tenon's fibroblast (HTF) migration and proliferation, has become the major determining factor for a successful trabeculectomy. Antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) has showed promising results as a potential antifibrotic candidate for use concurrently in trabeculectomy. Preliminary cohort studies have revealed improved bleb morphology following trabeculectomy augmented with ranibizumab. However, the effects on HTFs remain unclear. This study was conducted to understand the effects of ranibizumab on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 expression by HTFs. METHODS The effect of ranibizumab on HTF proliferation and cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazone-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Ranibizumab at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg/ml were administered for 24, 48, and 72 h in serum and serum-free conditions. Supernatants and cell lysates from samples were assessed for TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 mRNA and protein levels using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS At 48 h, 0.5 mg/ml of ranibizumab significantly induced cell death under serum-free culture conditions (p<0.05). Ranibizumab caused a significant reduction in TGF-β1 mRNA, but not for TGF-β2. However, the total protein production of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 was unaffected by this anti-VEGF treatment. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of HTFs to an intravitreal dose of ranibizumab significantly suppresses cell viability in vitro; however, the application seemed unable to affect the ultimate production of TGF-β. Therefore, we highlighted ranibizumab as a potential antiscarring agent that acts via a different mechanism when used synergistically with another antifibrotic agent. Understanding the mechanism of actions of ranibizumab offers an additional view of a possible new rational therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Munirah Md Noh
- Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti H. Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan G. Crowston
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, the University Of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Visvaraja Subrayan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Sushil Vasudevan
- Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Expression variations of connective tissue growth factor in pulmonary arteries from smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8564. [PMID: 25708588 PMCID: PMC4338434 DOI: 10.1038/srep08564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the pulmonary vascular remodeling, the structural basis of PH, could be attributed to abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).In this study, morphometrical analysis showed that the pulmonary vessel wall thickness in smoker group and COPD group was significantly greater than in nonsmokers. In addition, we determined the expression patterns of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cyclin D1 in PASMCs harvested from smokers with normal lung function or mild to moderate COPD, finding that the expression levels of CTGF and cyclin D1 were significantly increased in smoker group and COPD group. In vitro experiment showed that the expression of CTGF, cyclin D1 and E2F were significantly increased in human PASMCs (HPASMCs) treated with 2% cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and two CTGF siRNAs with different mRNA hits successfully attenuated the upregulated cyclin D1 and E2F, and significantly restored the CSE-induced proliferation of HPASMCs by causing cell cycle arrest in G0. These findings suggest that CTGF may contribute to the pathogenesis of abnormal proliferation of HPASMCs by promoting the expression of its downstream effectors in smokers with or without COPD.
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