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Patrichi AI, Gurzu S. Pathogenetic and molecular classifications of soft tissue and bone tumors: A 2024 update. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155406. [PMID: 38878666 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Soft tissue and bone tumors comprise a wide category of neoplasms. Their diversity frequently raises diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic options are continuously developing. The therapeutic success rate and long-term prognosis of patients have improved substantially due to new advances in immunohistochemical and molecular biology techniques. A fundamental contribution to these achievements has been the study of the tumor microenvironment and the reclassification of new entities with the updating of the molecular pathogenesis in the revised 5th edition of the Classification of Soft Tissue Tumors, edited by the World Health Organization. The proposed molecular diagnostic techniques include the well-known in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction methods, but new techniques such as copy-number arrays, multiplex probes, single-nucleotide polymorphism, and sequencing are also proposed. This review aims to synthesize the most recent pathogenetic and molecular classifications of soft tissue and bone tumors, considering the major impact of these diagnostic tools, which are becoming indispensable in clinicopathological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Ionut Patrichi
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania; Research Center of Oncopathology and Translational Medicine (CCOMT), Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania; Research Center of Oncopathology and Translational Medicine (CCOMT), Targu-Mures, Romania; Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Romania.
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He L, She C, Jiang S, Qi Z, Deng Z, Ji L, Cui Y, Wu J. Mammalian enabled protein enhances tamoxifen sensitivity of the hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients by suppressing the AKT signaling pathway. Biol Direct 2024; 19:21. [PMID: 38459605 PMCID: PMC10921784 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian enabled (MENA) protein is a member of the enabled/vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) protein family, which regulates cytoplasmic actin network assembly. It plays a significant role in breast cancer invasion, migration, and resistance against targeted therapy and chemotherapy. However, its role in the efficacy of endocrine therapy for the hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients is not known. This study investigated the role of MENA in the resistance against tamoxifen therapy in patients with HR+ breast cancer and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS MENA expression levels in the clinical HR+ breast cancer samples (n = 119) were estimated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine its association with the clinicopathological features, tamoxifen resistance, and survival outcomes. Western blotting (WB) and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to estimate the MENA protein and mRNA levels in the tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant HR+ breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, CCK8, colony formation, and the transwell invasion and migration assays were used to analyze the effects of MENA knockdown on the biological behavior and tamoxifen sensitivity of the HR+ breast cancer cell lines. Xenograft tumor experiments were performed in the nude mice to determine the tumor growth rates and tamoxifen sensitivity of the control and MENA knockdown HR+ breast cancer cells in the presence and absence of tamoxifen treatment. Furthermore, we estimated the growth rates of organoids derived from the HR+ breast cancer patients (n = 10) with high and low MENA expression levels when treated with tamoxifen. RESULTS HR+ breast cancer patients with low MENA expression demonstrated tamoxifen resistance and poorer prognosis compared to those with high MENA expression. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that MENA expression was an independent predictor of tamoxifen resistance in patients with HR+ breast cancer. MENA knockdown HR+ breast cancer cells showed significantly reduced tamoxifen sensitivity in the in vitro experiments and the in vivo xenograft tumor mouse model compared with the corresponding controls. Furthermore, MENA knockdown increased the in vitro invasion and migration of the HR+ breast cancer cells. HR+ breast cancer organoids with low MENA expression demonstrated reduced tamoxifen sensitivity than those with higher MENA expression. Mechanistically, P-AKT levels were significantly upregulated in the MENA-knockdown HR + breast cancer cells treated with or without 4-OHT compared with the corresponding controls. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that downregulation of MENA promoted tamoxifen resistance in the HR+ breast cancer tissues and cells by enhancing the AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, MENA is a promising prediction biomarker for determining tamoxifen sensitivity in patients with HR+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang He
- Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment of Shantou University Medical College, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chuanghong She
- The Breast Center, People's Hospital of Jieyang, Jieyang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sen Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaochang Qi
- Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment of Shantou University Medical College, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihao Deng
- Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment of Shantou University Medical College, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Likeng Ji
- Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment of Shantou University Medical College, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yukun Cui
- Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment of Shantou University Medical College, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jundong Wu
- Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Ciaputa R, Nowak M, Dzimira S, Brambilla E, Kandefer-Gola M, Tomaszek A, Popiel-Kopaczyk A, Dzięgiel P, Grieco V. Study on the expression of testin in the testes of dogs. J Vet Res 2023; 67:627-633. [PMID: 38130450 PMCID: PMC10730544 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Testin is a protein involved in cell mobility, adhesion and colony formation. In rats, testin presence has been reported in the testes, and its possible role in spermatogenesis has been suggested. Studies in humans also suggest a possible role of testin as a cancer suppressor protein. In the dog, which represents both an important pet species and a good animal model for studying biological and pathological testicular processes, the presence of testin has never been reported. Material and Methods In the present study, the expression of testin in foetal, prepubertal, adult and aged canine testes was investigated. Testes from 5 adult and 3 aged dogs, from 2 one-month-old puppies and from 2 foetuses miscarried at the end of pregnancy were immunohistochemically examined with a commercial antibody against testin. Results Testin was intensely expressed in Sertoli cells in every testis examined. Spermatids were also positive for testin in mature dogs and in the testicular areas of the aged ones which were not atrophic. Weak expression of testin was also detected in all testes examined. Conclusion The present study, the first demonstrating the presence of testin in canine testes, provides the basis for further dog-human comparative research and for studies on the role of this protein in canine physiology, reproduction and testicular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ciaputa
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Eleonora Brambilla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900Lodi, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Kandefer-Gola
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Tomaszek
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Popiel-Kopaczyk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368Wrocław, Poland
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900Lodi, Italy
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Bereczki-Temistocle D, Jung I, Gurzu S, Kovacs Z, Chiciudean R, Ormenisan A, Banias L. HPV disrupt the cytoskeleton in oral squamous cell carcinomas from non-oropharyngeal sites via the E-cadherin/Mena/SMA pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154723. [PMID: 37544131 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the mechanism of actin cytoskeleton disruption, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 43 patients with surgically resected OSCCs located in non-oropharyngeal regions were randomly selected. The expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), Mena, maspin, V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1), β human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was assessed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and evaluated in association with the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Mena positivity (n = 30; 69.77%) was more frequent in poorly differentiated OSCC of the tongue and lips with high-risk HPV viral DNA and a lymph node ratio (LNR) ≤ 2.5. Loss of E-cadherin was more prevalent among poorly differentiated stage pT4N1 tumors with an LNR ≤ 2.5 and perineural invasion. These cases were classified as SMA-high tumors. Independent negative prognostic factors included high Mena expression, loss of E-cadherin, high SMA expression, and the presence of high-risk HPV. No VSIG1 positivity was observed. In conclusion, in non-oropharyngeal OSCC, cytoskeleton activity might be driven by the Mena/E-cadherin/SMA axis, reflecting active epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. High Mena intensity is an indicator of poorly differentiated carcinomas with high-risk HPV and unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Bereczki-Temistocle
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania; Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania; Research Center of Oncopathology and Translational Medicine (CCOMT), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania.
| | - Zsolt Kovacs
- Research Center of Oncopathology and Translational Medicine (CCOMT), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania; Department of Biochemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Rebeca Chiciudean
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Ormenisan
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Laura Banias
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
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Gurzu S. Molecular Diagnostics, Pathology and Biomarkers of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11136. [PMID: 37446314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue aims to highlight the advances made regarding the molecular profile of digestive system tumors in experimental and clinical studies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Research Center of Oncopathology and Transdisciplinary Research (CCOMT), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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Iovan L, Liliac IM, Istrate-Ofiteru AM, Rosu CG, Mogoanta L. Clinical and Morphological Study of Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2023; 49:220-229. [PMID: 37779826 PMCID: PMC10541069 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.49.02.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) are cancer precursors targeted by secondary prevention of cervical cancer programs that are sometimes difficult to grade accurately. Mena is an actin regulatory protein involved in membrane protrusion, cell motility, in tumor invasion and metastasis. We studied retrospectively 68 cases of patients diagnosed with squamous intraepithelial lesions that received expedited treatment (treatment without colposcopic biopsy). We analyzed demographic, behavioral data, obstetrical and medical history, from the patients' medical charts and we studied the cervical fragments or cones harvested after the excisional procedure. Our study failed to identify a correlation between SILs and risk factors such as low socioeconomic status, combined oral contraceptive use, intrauterine device use, parity, gravity, except for the tobacco smoking habit that proved to be related to the cervical lesions' development. Mena was expressed in most of the analyzed SILs and its expression was correlated with lesions' grade in terms of both area and intensity, suggesting that Mena stains especially abnormal cells and that its expression intensity correlates with the risk of malignant transformation. Further studies are needed to validate Mena as an early stage of cervical carcinogenesis marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Iovan
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ilona Mihaela Liliac
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | | | | | - Laurentiu Mogoanta
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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Exploring the roles of the Cdc2-like kinases in cancers. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 70:116914. [PMID: 35872347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cdc2-like kinases (CLKs 1-4) are involved in regulating the alternative splicing of a variety of genes. Their activity contributes to important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle regulation. Abnormal expression of CLKs can lead to cancers; therefore, pharmacological inhibition of CLKs may be a useful therapeutic strategy. This review summarises what is known about the roles of each of the CLKs in cancerous cells, as well as the effects of relevant small molecule CLK inhibitors.
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Khuntia P, Rawal S, Marwaha R, Das T. Actin-driven Golgi apparatus dispersal during collective migration of epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204808119. [PMID: 35749357 PMCID: PMC9245705 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204808119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a sedentary epithelium turns motile during wound healing, morphogenesis, and metastasis, the Golgi apparatus moves from an apical position, above the nucleus, to a basal position. This apical-to-basal repositioning of Golgi is critical for epithelial cell migration. Yet the molecular mechanism underlying it remains elusive, although microtubules are believed to play a role. Using live-cell and super-resolution imaging, we show that at the onset of collective migration of epithelial cells, Golgi stacks get dispersed to create an unpolarized transitional structure, and surprisingly, this dispersal process depends not on microtubules but on actin cytoskeleton. Golgi-actin interaction involves Arp2/3-driven actin projections emanating from the actin cortex, and a Golgi-localized actin elongation factor, MENA. While in sedentary epithelial cells, actin projections intermittently interact with the apically located Golgi, and the frequency of this event increases before the dispersion of Golgi stacks, at the onset of cell migration. Preventing Golgi-actin interaction with MENA-mutants eliminates Golgi dispersion and reduces the persistence of cell migration. Taken together, we show a process of actin-driven Golgi dispersion that is mechanistically different from the well-known Golgi apparatus fragmentation during mitosis and is essential for collective migration of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnati Khuntia
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Simran Rawal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Rituraj Marwaha
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Gurzu S, Sugimura H, Szederjesi J, Szodorai R, Braicu C, Kobori L, Fodor D, Jung I. Interaction between cadherins, vimentin, and V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 in gastric-type hepatocellular carcinoma. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:377-390. [PMID: 34170400 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), the role of the cell surface protein V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (VSIG1), which is known as a specific marker of the gastric mucosa and testis, has not yet been determined. We examined VSIG1 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in 105 consecutive samples provided by HCC patients, along with the IHC expression of three of the biomarkers known to be involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT): vimentin (VIM), and E- and N-cadherin (encoded by CDH1 and CDH2 genes). IHC subcellular localization of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), in which nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation is known to cause a lineage shift from lung to gastric-type adenocarcinoma, was also checked. The obtained data were validated using the miRNET program. In the examined HCC samples, VSIG1 expression was observed in the cytoplasm of normal hepatocytes and downregulated in 47 of the 105 HCCs (44.76%). In 29 cases (27.62%), VSIG1 was co-expressed with cytoplasmic TTF1. VSIG1 expression was positively correlated with both E-cadherin and N-cadherin and negatively correlated with VIM (p < 0.0001). The VSIG1+/E-cadherin+/N-cadherin-/VIM phenotype was seen in 13 cases (12.4%) and was characteristic of well-differentiated (G1/2) carcinomas diagnosed in pT1/2 stages. Like pulmonary carcinomas, simultaneous cytoplasmic positivity of HCC cells for VSIG1 and TTF1 may be a potential indicator of a lineage shift from conventional to gastric-type HCC. The E-cadherin/VSIG1 complex can help suppress tumor growth by limiting HCC dedifferentiation. The miRNET-based interaction between VSIG1/VIM/CDH1/CDH2 genes might be interconnected by miR-200b-3p, a central regulator of EMT which also targets VIM and VSIG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 530149, Targu-Mures, Romania.
- Research Center for Oncopathology and Translational Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania.
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Janos Szederjesi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Rita Szodorai
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 530149, Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laszlo Kobori
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Decebal Fodor
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 530149, Targu-Mures, Romania
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 530149, Targu-Mures, Romania
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Dan VM, Raveendran RS, Baby S. Resistance to Intervention: Paclitaxel in Breast Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1237-1268. [PMID: 33319669 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201214234421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent cancer in women globally, and contributes to the highest percentage of mortality due to cancer-related deaths in women. Paclitaxel (PTX) is heavily relied on as a frontline chemotherapy drug in breast cancer treatment, especially in advanced metastatic cancer. Generation of resistance to PTX often derails clinical management and adversely affects patient outcomes. Understanding the molecular mechanism of PTX resistance is necessary to device methods to aid in overcoming the resistance. Recent studies exploring the mechanism of development of PTX resistance have led to unveiling of a range novel therapeutic targets. PTX resistance pathways that involve major regulatory proteins/RNAs like RNF8/Twist/ROR1, TLR, ErbB3/ErbB2, BRCA1- IRIS, MENA, LIN9, MiRNA, FoxM1 and IRAK1 have expanded the complexity of resistance mechanisms, and brought newer insights into the development of drug targets. These resistance-related targets can be dealt with synthetic/natural therapeutics in combination with PTX. The present review encompasses the recent understanding of PTX resistance mechanisms in breast cancer and possible therapeutic combinations to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Mohan Dan
- Microbiology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Reji Saradha Raveendran
- Microbiology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Schumacher T, Röntgen M, Maak S. Congenital Splay Leg Syndrome in Piglets-Current Knowledge and a New Approach to Etiology. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:609883. [PMID: 33718467 PMCID: PMC7952305 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.609883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine congenital splay leg syndrome (PCS), even though being of transient nature, is still one of the most important causes for piglet losses due to its high incidence and mortality. Although, described decades ago, the pathogenetic mechanism is still elusive. Numerous, mostly descriptive studies characterized the syndrome at clinical, histological and cellular levels but resulted in a highly diverse picture of the syndrome. Broad variability in phenotypical expression and, in case of proper care, the rapid recovery of affected animals complicated a systematical analysis of the underlying pathogenesis. Although, several environmental factors were discussed as potential causes of PCS, most of the evidence points to a hereditary basis of PCS. Nevertheless, only few of the suggested candidate genes from transcriptome and mapping analyses, like F-box protein 32 (FBXO32), could be confirmed so far. Only recently, a genome wide association study revealed genomic regions on five porcine chromosomes and named a number of potential candidate genes, among them homer scaffold protein 1 (HOMER1). This new candidate-a cellular scaffold protein-plays a role in a plethora of cellular signaling cascades, and is not only involved in skeletal muscle differentiation but also critical for muscular function. In this review, we critically elucidate the current state of knowledge in the field and evaluate current achievements in the identification of the pathogenetic mechanism for the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
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Gurzu S, Jung I. Subcellular Expression of Maspin in Colorectal Cancer: Friend or Foe. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030366. [PMID: 33498377 PMCID: PMC7864036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review the authors aimed to emphasize the practical value of nuclear expression of the mammary serine protease inhibitor (maspin), also known as serpin B5 protein, in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), from pre-malignant disorders to carcinogenesis and metastasis. As the role of maspin is controversial and not yet understood, the present update highlights the latest data revealed by literature which were filtrated through the daily experience of the authors, which was gained at microscopic examination of maspin expression in CRCs and other tumors for daily diagnosis. Data regarding the subcellular localization of maspin, in correlation with the microsatellite status, grade of tumor dedifferentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon of the tumor buds were presented with details. An original observation refers to the maspin capacity to mark the tumor cells which are "at the point of budding" that were previously considered as having "hybrid EMT phenotype". It refers to the transitional status of tumor cell that is between "epithelial status" and "mesenchymal status". The second original hypothesis highlights the possible role of maspin in dysregulating the intestinal microbiota, in patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and inducing IBD-related CRC. The dynamic process of budding and EMT of tumor buds, possible mediated by maspin, needs further investigation and validation in many human CRC samples. The histological and molecular data reveal that synthesis of maspin-based therapeutics might represent a novel individualized therapeutic strategy for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-7-4567-3550; Fax: +40-2-6521-0407
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Kumar N, Prasad P, Jash E, Jayasundar S, Singh I, Alam N, Murmu N, Somashekhar SP, Goldman A, Sehrawat S. cAMP regulated EPAC1 supports microvascular density, angiogenic and metastatic properties in a model of triple negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1245-1253. [PMID: 29982410 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; HER2-, ER-/PR-) is an aggressive subtype prone to drug resistance and metastasis, which is characterized by high intratumor microvascular density (iMVD) resulting from angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms contributing to the aggressive phenotypes of TNBC remain elusive. We recently reported that down-regulation of exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP (cAMP), also known as EPAC1, leads to a reduction in metastatic properties including proliferation and cell migration in TNBC cell lines. Here, we report that EPAC1 supports TNBC-induced angiogenesis, tumor cell migration and invasiveness as well as pro-metastatic phenotypes in endothelial cells induced through the tumor secretome. Using an approach that integrates proteomics with bioinformatics and gene ontologies, we elucidate that EPAC1 supports a tumor-secreted network of angiogenic, cell adhesion and cell migratory pathways. Using confocal microscopy, we show that signaling molecules involved in focal adhesion, including Paxillin and MENA, are down-regulated in the absence of EPAC1, and electric cell substrate impedance sensing technique confirmed a role for EPAC1 on TNBC-induced endothelial cell permeability. Finally, to provide a translational bridge, we studied iMVD and therapy response using a primary human tumor explant assay, CANscriptTM, which suggests a link between therapy-modulated neovascularization and drug sensitivity. These data provide mechanistic insight into the role of EPAC1 in regulating the tumor microenvironment, iMVD and cancer cell-induced angiogenesis, a dynamic mechanism under drug pressure that may associate to treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Peeyush Prasad
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eshna Jash
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smruthi Jayasundar
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Itender Singh
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, St. Louis, MI, USA
| | - Neyaz Alam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Aaron Goldman
- Integrative Immuno-Ocology Center, Mitra Biotech, Woburn, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seema Sehrawat
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Enah overexpression is correlated with poor survival and aggressive phenotype in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:998. [PMID: 30250066 PMCID: PMC6155292 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enabled homolog (Enah), which is a member of the Ena/VASP family that also includes VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) and Ena/VASP like, is a mammalian ortholog of Drosophila Enabled (Ena). An increasing number of studies demonstrated Enah overexpression is involved in human colorectal carcinomas, breast cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the significance of Enah expression in gastric cancer (GC) is poorly elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that Enah is upregulated in GC and associated with AJCC stage, depth of invasion and poor overall survival (OS). Knockdown of Enah inhibited GC cell proliferation and metastasis and vice versa. Further experiments suggested that p-Erk1/2, p-AKT, p-p65, Vimentin and Fibronectin were downregulated and E-cadherin was upregulated after Enah silencing, implicating altered functions in GC proliferation and metastasis. Thus, our study suggests that Enah is a harmful factor for GC and a novel target for GC treatment.
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15
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Tian Y, Xu L, He Y, Xu X, Li K, Ma Y, Gao Y, Wei D, Wei L. Knockdown of RAC1 and VASP gene expression inhibits breast cancer cell migration. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2151-2160. [PMID: 30008913 PMCID: PMC6036495 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of tumor cells to migrate is biologically fundamental for tumorigenesis, growth, metastasis and invasion. The present study examined the role of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (RAC1) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in breast cancer cell migration. According to data in Kaplan, Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas, increased expression levels of RAC1 and VASP in breast cancer are associated with decreased cancer cell differentiation, advanced pathological stage and more aggressive tumor subtypes, while increased VASP mRNA expression levels are positively correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. The short hairpin (sh)RNA technique was employed to knock down the expression of RAC1 or VASP. Stable interference with the expression of RAC1 or VASP using RAC1-shRNA or VASP-shRNA, respectively, was established in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In RAC1-shRNA or VASP-shRNA cells, the protein expression levels of RAC1 or VASP were significantly downregulated compared with control cells. The proliferation and migration rates of the RAC1-shRNA or VASP-shRNA cells were significantly lower compared with control cells. It was observed that the protein expression levels of VASP also decreased in RAC1-shRNA cells compared with control cells. The results revealed that RAC1 and VASP may serve important roles in promoting the migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and that VASP may among the downstream signaling molecules associated with RAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Liu Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi He
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Ma
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Defei Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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16
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Don-López CA, Monroy-García A, Weiss-Steider B, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Hernández-Montes J, García-Rocha R, Mora-García MDL. GLMEEMSAL epitope common in different isoforms of hMena elicits in vitro activation of cytotoxic T cells and stimulates specific antitumor immunity in BALB/c mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:291-300. [PMID: 29414664 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative expression of human ortholog of murine Mena (hMena) hMena/hMena11a and hMena/hMenaΔv6 isoforms regulate the invasiveness and metastatic potential of tumor cells. It is then important to identify epitopes of these proteins that can elicit antitumor immune response to contribute to the elimination of cells with metastatic potential. METHODS We assayed the capacity of the peptide GLMEEMSAL, common in hMena/hMena11a and hMena/hMenaΔv6 isoforms, to generate an antitumor immune response through an in vitro vaccination system with mature dendritic cells (MDC) loaded with this peptide and in vivo immunization using a tumor model with the mammary adenocarcinoma JC cell line to induce tumors in BALBc mice. RESULTS MDC loaded with the peptide GLMEEMSAL elicited strong proliferation and activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes. The CTLs generated with this system were capable to lyse specifically BrCa and CeCa cell lines expressing either hMena/hMena11a or hMena/hMenaΔv6. Immunization with GLMEEMSAL provided protective and therapeutic antitumor activity as well as increased survival in BALB/c mice. CONCLUSION These results are highly relevant for the use of common peptides among the different isoforms of hMena to develop immunotherapy protocols to counteract the growth and metastatic potential of tumors with over-expression of hMena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Azucena Don-López
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico; Immunology and Cancer Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Montes
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario García-Rocha
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cellular Differentiation and Cancer Unit, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Hu K, Huang P, Luo H, Yao Z, Wang Q, Xiong Z, Lin J, Huang H, Xu S, Zhang P, Liu B. Mammalian-enabled (MENA) protein enhances oncogenic potential and cancer stem cell-like phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1144-1153. [PMID: 28781954 PMCID: PMC5537062 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian-enabled (MENA) protein is an actin-regulatory protein that influences cell motility and adhesion. It is known to play a role in tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the oncogenic potential of MENA and its capacity to regulate cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes in HCC cells. Real-time-PCR and western blot were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of target genes in human HCC tissue specimens and HCC cell lines, respectively. Stable MENA-overexpressing HCC cells were generated from HCC cell lines. Transwell cell migration and colony formation assays were employed to evaluate tumorigenicity. Ectopic expression of MENA significantly enhanced cell migration and colony-forming ability in HCC cells. Overexpression of MENA upregulated several hepatic progenitor/stem cell markers in HCC cells. A high MENA protein level was associated with high mRNA levels of MENA, CD133, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in human HCC tissues. Overexpression of MENA enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation, and the level of β-catenin in HCC cells. This study demonstrated that overexpression of MENA in HCC cells promoted stem cell markers, EMT markers, and tumorigenicity. These effects may involve, at least partially, the ERK and β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Pinzhu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Operating Room The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of General Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jizong Lin
- Department of General Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - He Huang
- Department of General Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shilei Xu
- Department of General Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
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18
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Xu X, Jiang H, Li X, Wu P, Liu J, Wang T, Zhou X, Xiong J, Li W. Bioinformatics analysis on the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1571-1576. [PMID: 28260060 PMCID: PMC5365017 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) for two types of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) and dexamethasone were used to induce MSCs towards osteoblastic differentiation or adipocytic differentiation. The t-test in the Bioconductor bioinformatics software tool was used to screen DEGs and differentially expressed miRNAs in the two samples. Subsequent gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses on the DEGs were performed using the GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, respectively; potential target genes for the screened miRNAs were predicted using the TargetScan database. In addition, an interaction network between the DEGs and miRNAs was constructed. Numerous DEGs and miRNAs were screened during osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation of MSCs. Important pathways, such as glutathione metabolism, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection and Parkinson's disease, and GO terms, including cytoskeletal protein binding and phospholipase inhibitor activity, were enriched in the screened DEGs from MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation and adipocytic differentiation. miRNAs, including miRNA (miR)-382 and miR-203, and DEGs, including neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1), phosphatidic acid phosphatase 2B (PPAP2B), platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), interleukin 6 signal transducer (IL6ST) and sortilin 1 (SORT1), were demonstrated to be involved in osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, the downregulated miRNAs (including miR-495, miR-376a and miR-543), the upregulated miR-106a, the upregulated DEGs, including enabled homolog (ENAH), polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1, and the downregulated repulsive guidance molecule family member B and semaphorin SEMA7A were demonstrated to be involved in adipocytic differentiation. The results of the present study suggested that miRNAs (miR-203 and miR-382) and DEGs (NEGR1, PPAP2B, PDGFRA, IL6ST and SORT1) may serve pivotal functions in the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs, whereas miR-495, which is also involved in osteoblast differentiation and had four targets, including NEGR1, miR-376a, miR-543 and ENAH may have crucial roles in adipocytic differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - He Jiang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Xingnuan Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bio‑Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
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An N, Yang X, Zhang Y, Shi X, Yu X, Cheng S, Zhang K, Wang G. Cell cycle related genes up-regulated in human colorectal development predict the overall survival of late-stage colorectal cancer patients. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:541-52. [PMID: 26672738 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00761e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A tumor can be perceived as a special "organ" that undergoes aberrant and poorly regulated organogenesis. Embryonic development and carcinogenesis share striking similarities in their cellular behavior and underlying molecular mechanisms. This intimate association makes embryonic development a viable reference model for studying cancer thereby circumventing the potentially misleading complexity of tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, on the basis of global expression profile, the genes simultaneously activated (up-regulated in terms of expression profile) or suppressed (down-regulated) in both the embryonic development and cancer stage, probably contain profound information on the molecular mechanism of cancer. In this study, the Affymetrix expression profile of 1593 colorectal cancer samples was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. The 1396 differentially expressed probes were robustly obtained using 660 colorectal normal and cancer samples, the expression pattern of which was analyzed using our human colorectal developmental data. All of these 1396 probes were classified into 27 distinct patterns based on their expression patterns during the developmental process. By means of gene set enrichment analysis, we collected 393 V probes simultaneously up-regulated in both development and carcinogenesis and 207 A probes down-regulated in both. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the V probes were significantly related to cell cycle regulation. Notably, 28 cell-cycle related probes within the V probe group were found to be significantly associated with an overall survival of Stage III/IV patients (GSE17536 cross validation, n = 96, p = 5.70 × 10(-3); GSE29621, n = 36, p = 1.70 × 10(-3); GSE39084, n = 38, p = 0.05; GSE39582, n = 264, p = 0.047; GSE17537, n = 36, p = 5.90 × 10(-3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Peking Union Medical College & Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Peking Union Medical College & Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Peking Union Medical College & Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuexin Yu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Shujun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Peking Union Medical College & Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Peking Union Medical College & Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Particular aspects in the cytogenetics and molecular biology of salivary gland tumours - current review of reports. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2016; 20:281-6. [PMID: 27688723 PMCID: PMC5032155 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2016.61847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumours are a group of lesions whose heterogeneity of biological and pathological features is widely reflected in the molecular aspect. This is demonstrated by an increasing number of studies in the field of genetics of these tumours. The aim of this study was to collect the most significant scientific reports on the cytogenetic and molecular data concerning these tumours, which might facilitate the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The analysis covered 71 papers included in the PubMed database. We focused on the most common tumours, such as pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumour, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and others. The aim of this study is to present current knowledge about widely explored genotypic alterations (such as PLAG1 gene in pleomorphic adenoma or MECT1 gene in mucoepidermoid carcinoma), and also about rare markers, like Mena or SOX10 protein, which might also be associated with tumourigenesis and carcinogenesis of these tumours.
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21
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Göttgens EL, Span PN, Zegers MM. Roles and Regulation of Epithelial Splicing Regulatory Proteins 1 and 2 in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 327:163-194. [PMID: 27692175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of polarized epithelial cells into cells with mesenchymal characteristics by the morphogenetic process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-characterized process essential for embryonic development and associated with cancer progression. EMT is a program driven by changes in gene expression induced by several EMT-specific transcription factors, which inhibit the expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins and other epithelial markers, causing a characteristic loss of cell-cell adhesion, a switch to mesenchymal cell morphology, and increased migratory capabilities. Recently, it has become apparent that in addition to these transcriptionally regulated changes, EMT may also be regulated posttranscriptionally, that is, by alternative splicing. Specifically, the epithelial splicing regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (ESRP1 and ESRP2) have been described as epithelial-specific splicing master regulators specifically involved in EMT-associated alternative splicing. Here, we discuss the regulation of ESRP activity, as well as the evidence supporting a causal role of ESRPs in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-L Göttgens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Zegers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Feng L, Tong R, Liu X, Zhang K, Wang G, Zhang L, An N, Cheng S. A network-based method for identifying prognostic gene modules in lung squamous carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:18006-20. [PMID: 26919109 PMCID: PMC4951267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Similarities in gene expression between both developing embryonic and precancerous tissues and cancer tissues may help identify much-needed biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung squamous carcinoma. In this study, human lung samples representing ten successive time points, from embryonic development to carcinogenesis, were used to construct global gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes with similar expression in precancerous and cancer samples were identified. Using a network-based greedy searching algorithm to analyze the training cohort (n = 69) and three independent testing cohorts, we successfully identified a significant 22-gene module in which expression levels were correlated with overall survival in lung squamous carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Peking Union Medical College and Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Run Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Peking Union Medical College and Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Peking Union Medical College and Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Peking Union Medical College and Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Jacquemet G, Hamidi H, Ivaska J. Filopodia in cell adhesion, 3D migration and cancer cell invasion. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 36:23-31. [PMID: 26186729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the role filopodia and filopodia-like structures in cell adhesion and three dimensional (3D) cell migration both in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we focus on recent advances demonstrating that filopodia are involved in substrate tethering and environment sensing in vivo. We further discuss the emerging role of filopodia and filopodial proteins in tumor dissemination as mounting in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence suggest that filopodia drive cancer cell invasion and highlight filopodia proteins as attractive therapeutic targets. Finally, we outline outstanding questions that remain to be addressed to elucidate the role of filopodia during 3D cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Gurzu S, Kadar Z, Sugimura H, Bara T, Bara T, Halmaciu I, Jung I. Gastric cancer in young vs old Romanian patients: immunoprofile with emphasis on maspin and mena protein reactivity. APMIS 2015; 123:223-33. [PMID: 25556597 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing number of early-onset gastric carcinomas (GCs) and controversial results regarding the differences among young and older patients with this type of cancer are the reasons why correlation of clinicopathological factors with molecular markers is necessary. The aim of our study was to compare the demographic, clinical and immunohistochemical (IHC) aspects in Romanian patients with GC diagnosed below and above 45 years old. In 191 samples provided from patients with GC, the clinicopathological parameters were correlated with a panel of 15 antibodies: E-cadherin, HER-2, VEGF, CD31, CD105, COX-2, maspin, bax, bcl-2, p53, Ki67, MLH-1, MSH-2, mena protein and vimentin. Compared to the conventional cases, GCs diagnosed below 45 years old were more frequently located at the gastroesophageal junction and presented a higher percentage of lymph node metastases. The diffuse type E-cadherin/mena/p53/Ki67/bax-negative cases that displayed nuclear maspin positivity were also more frequently in younger patients. The intestinal type early-onset GCs were the most angiogenic ones, the apoptotic rate being lower than in the intestinal type GCs of the aged. Compared to the conventional cases, in the early-onset GCs the nuclear maspin-mediated antiproliferative activity is more intense in diffuse type while the mena-dependent tumor cell proliferation is more characteristic for intestinal type GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
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