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Lin CY, Law YY, Yu CC, Wu YY, Hou SM, Chen WL, Yang SY, Tsai CH, Lo YS, Fong YC, Tang CH. NAMPT enhances LOX expression and promotes metastasis in human chondrosarcoma cells by inhibiting miR-26b-5p synthesis. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38940190 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that emerges from abnormalities in cartilaginous tissue and is related with lung metastases. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is an adipocytokine reported to enhance tumor metastasis. Our results from clinical samples and the Gene Expression Omnibus data set reveal that NAMPT levels are markedly higher in chondrosarcoma patients than in normal individuals. NAMPT stimulation significantly increased lysyl oxidase (LOX) production in chondrosarcoma cells. Additionally, NAMPT increased LOX-dependent cell migration and invasion in chondrosarcoma by suppressing miR-26b-5p generation through the c-Src and Akt signaling pathways. Overexpression of NAMPT promoted chondrosarcoma metastasis to the lung in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of LOX counteracted NAMPT-facilitated metastasis. Thus, the NAMPT/LOX axis presents a novel target for treating the metastasis of chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Lin
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yat-Yin Law
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Penghu Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Penghu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mou Hou
- The Director's Office, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Research, Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shun Lo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Precision Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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2
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Dabas SK, Menon NN, Ranjan R, Gurung B, Tiwari S, Bassan BB, Shukla H, Pasricha S, Sinha A, Kapoor R, Verma VK, Verma D, Arora S, Sharma A, Mukharjee S, Singal R, Fernandes TB. Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of Floor of Mouth-A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:1290-1297. [PMID: 38440485 PMCID: PMC10908772 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chondrosarcomas are rare malignancies of the cartilage and myxoid chondrosarcoma is its variant which commonly occurs in soft tissue of extremities. Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of bone or soft tissue origin and is characterized by the presence of spindle cells admixed with well differentiated cartilage or chondroid stroma. They are mostly radioresistant tumours and surgical resections with adequate margins is considered as the ideal treatment modality with adjuvant radiotherapy in high grade tumours and add on chemotherapy, in case of presence of poor prognostic factors. Case Report A 51-year-old diabetic, hypertensive female patient presented to our outpatient department with difficulty in chewing food for a duration of 6 months. On clinical examination, she had an ulceroproliferative growth involving right lower alveolus and floor of mouth. MRI face and neck with contrast showed a 4.1 × 2.9 × 4.5 cm lesion involving right lower alveolus extending to floor of mouth. Biopsy showed features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. She was planned for upfront surgery (Right composite resection with modified radical neck dissection with free fibula flap). Patient was stable post-surgery and was discharged in stable condition. Final histopathology report was high grade myxoid chondrosarcoma. The case was presented in tumour board and the patient was planned for adjuvant radiotherapy. She has been on regular follow up for the past 2 years and shows no signs of recurrence. Conclusion Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of oral cavity is a rare entity and very few cases are reported. It is a malignant neoplasm which is diagnosed with the help of immunohistochemistry. Surgery is the ideal modality of treatment accompanied by adjuvant radiotherapy in cases of high-grade tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra K Dabas
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Nandini N Menon
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Reetesh Ranjan
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Bikas Gurung
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Sukirti Tiwari
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Bharat Bhushan Bassan
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Himanshu Shukla
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Sunil Pasricha
- Pathology Department, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, 110085 India
| | - Ajit Sinha
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Rahul Kapoor
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Vinay Kumar Verma
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Devesh Verma
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Saurabh Arora
- Department of nuclear medicine, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Sourabh Mukharjee
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Rishu Singal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
| | - Trishala Bhadauria Fernandes
- Department of Surgical oncology, BLK- MAX Super specialty hospital, Pusa road, Rajendra Place, Delhi, 110005 India
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3
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Liao Z, Li M, Wen G, Wang K, Yao D, Chen E, Liang Y, Xing T, Su K, Liang C, Che Z, Ning Q, Tang J, Yan W, Li Y, Huang L. Comprehensive analysis of angiogenesis pattern and related immune landscape for individual treatment in osteosarcoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:62. [PMID: 37386055 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative recurrence and metastasis are the main reasons for the poor prognosis of osteosarcoma (OS). Currently, an ideal predictor for not only prognosis but also drug sensitivity and immunotherapy responses in OS patients is urgently needed. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumour progression, which suggests its immense potential for predicting prognosis and responses to immunotherapy for OS. Angiogenesis patterns in OS were explored in depth in this study to construct a prognostic model called ANGscore and clarify the underlying mechanism involved in the immune microenvironment. The efficacy and robustness of the model were validated in multiple datasets, including bulk RNA-seq datasets (TARGET-OS, GSE21257), a single-cell RNA-seq dataset (GSE152048) and immunotherapy-related datasets (GSE91061, GSE173839). OS patients with a high ANGscore had a worse prognosis, accompanied by the immune desert phenotype. Pseudotime and cellular communication analyses in scRNA-seq data revealed that as the ANGscore increased, the malignant degree of cells increased, and IFN-γ signalling was involved in tumour progression and regulation of the tumour immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the ANGscore was associated with immune cell infiltration and the response rate to immunotherapy. OS patients with high ANGscore might be resistant to uprosertib, and be sensitive to VE821, AZD6738 and BMS.345541. In conclusion, we established a novel ANGscore system by comprehensively analysing the expression pattern of angiogenesis genes, which can accurately differentiate the prognosis and immune characteristics of OS populations. Additionally, the ANGscore can be used for patient stratification during immunotherapy, and guide individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangyao Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoming Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengbo Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaihui Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changchun Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Che
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Chen JC, Shih HC, Lin CY, Guo JH, Huang C, Huang HC, Chong ZY, Tang CH. MicroRNA-631 Resensitizes Doxorubicin-Resistant Chondrosarcoma Cells by Targeting Apelin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010839. [PMID: 36614283 PMCID: PMC9820978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common type of bone cancer. Surgical resection is the best choice for clinical treatment. High-grade chondrosarcoma is destructive and is more possible to metastasis, which is difficult to remove using surgery. Doxorubicin (Dox) is the most commonly used chemotherapy drug in the clinical setting; however, drug resistance is a major obstacle to effective treatment. In the present study, we compared Dox-resistant SW1353 cells to their parental cells using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). We found that the apelin (APLN) pathway was highly activated in resistant cells. In addition, tissue array analysis also showed that APLN was higher in high-grade tissues compared to low-grade tissues. APLN is a member of the adipokine family, which is a novel secreted peptide with multifunctional and biological activities. Previously, studies have shown that inhibition of the APLN axis may have a therapeutic benefit in cancers. However, the role of APLN in chondrosarcoma is completely unclear, and no related studies have been reported. During in vitro experiments, APLN was also observed to be highly expressed and secreted in Dox-resistant cells. Once APLN was knocked down, it could effectively improve its sensitivity to Dox. We also explored possible upstream regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) of APLN through bioinformatics tools and the results disclosed that miR-631 was the most likely regulator of APLN. Furthermore, the expression of miR-631 was lower in the resistant cells, but overexpression of miR-631 in the Dox-resistant cell lines significantly increased the Dox sensitivity. These results were also observed in another chondrosarcoma cell line, JJ012 cells. Taken together, these findings will provide rationale for the development of drug resistance biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for APLN pathway inhibitors to improve the survival of patients with chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Chang Shih
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hung Guo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Center for Teacher Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Science, Nanda Campus, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yong Chong
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 400354, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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5
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Tzeng HE, Lin SL, Thadevoos LA, Lien MY, Yang WH, Ko CY, Lin CY, Huang YW, Liu JF, Fong YC, Chen HT, Tang CH. Nerve growth factor promotes lysyl oxidase-dependent chondrosarcoma cell metastasis by suppressing miR-149-5p synthesis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1101. [PMID: 34815382 PMCID: PMC8611026 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignancy of soft tissue and bone that has a high propensity to metastasize to distant organs. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is critical for neuronal cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation, and also appears to promote the progression and metastasis of several different types of tumors, although the effects of NGF upon chondrosarcoma mechanisms are not very clear. We report that NGF facilitates lysyl oxidase (LOX)-dependent cellular migration and invasion in human chondrosarcoma cells, and that NGF overexpression enhances lung metastasis in a mouse model of chondrosarcoma. NGF-induced stimulation of LOX production and cell motility occurs through the inhibition of miR-149-5p expression, which was reversed by PI3K, Akt, and mTOR inhibitors and their respective short interfering RNAs. Notably, levels of NGF and LOX expression correlated with tumor stage in human chondrosarcoma samples. Thus, NGF appears to be a worthwhile therapeutic target for metastatic chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Ling Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Louis Anoop Thadevoos
- International Master Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Lien
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School and Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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6
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Hameed M. Malignant Cartilage-Forming Tumors. Surg Pathol Clin 2021; 14:605-617. [PMID: 34742483 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are heterogeneous matrix-producing cartilaginous neoplasms with variable clinical behavior. Subtypes include conventional (75%), dedifferentiated (10%), clear cell (2%), mesenchymal (2%), and periosteal chondrosarcoma (<1%). Tumor location and primary vs secondary also play a role. In conventional chondrosarcoma, histologic grading (I, II, and III) remains the gold standard for predicting recurrence and metastases. Due to the locally aggressive but overall nonmetastatic behavior, grade I chondrosarcomas (primary and secondary) of long and short tubular bones have been reclassified as atypical cartilaginous tumor. In this review, the pathologic features of malignant cartilage tumors are discussed with updates on recent genetic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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7
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WISP-3 Stimulates VEGF-C-Dependent Lymphangiogenesis in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells by Inhibiting miR-196a-3p Synthesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101330. [PMID: 34680447 PMCID: PMC8533311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor with high metastatic potential. Lymphangiogenesis is a critical biological step in cancer metastasis. WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP-3) regulates angiogenesis and facilitates chondrosarcoma metastasis, but the role of WISP-3 in chondrosarcoma lymphangiogenesis is unclear. In this study, incubation of chondrosarcoma cells with WISP-3 increased the production of VEGF-C, an important lymphangiogenic factor. Conditioned medium from WISP-3-treated chondrosarcoma cells significantly enhanced lymphatic endothelial cell tube formation. WISP-3-induced stimulation of VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis inhibited miR-196a-3p synthesis in the ERK, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways. This evidence suggests that the WISP-3/VEGF-C axis is worth targeting in the treatment of lymphangiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma.
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8
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Visfatin Promotes the Metastatic Potential of Chondrosarcoma Cells by Stimulating AP-1-Dependent MMP-2 Production in the MAPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168642. [PMID: 34445345 PMCID: PMC8395530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that is characterized by high metastatic potential and marked resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. The knowledge that adipokines facilitate the initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance of various tumors has driven several in vitro and in vivo investigations into the effects of adipokines resistin, leptin, and adiponectin upon the development and progression of chondrosarcomas. Another adipokine, visfatin, is known to regulate tumor progression and metastasis, although how this molecule may affect chondrosarcoma metastasis is unclear. Here, we found that visfatin facilitated cellular migration via matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) production in human chondrosarcoma cells and overexpression of visfatin enhanced lung metastasis in a mouse model of chondrosarcoma. Visfatin-induced stimulation of MMP-2 synthesis and activation of the AP-1 transcription factor facilitated chondrosarcoma cell migration via the ERK, p38, and JNK signaling pathways. This evidence suggests that visfatin is worth targeting in the treatment of metastatic chondrosarcoma.
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9
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Tzeng HE, Lin SL, Thadevoos LA, Ko CY, Liu JF, Huang YW, Lin CY, Fong YC, Tang CH. The mir-423-5p/MMP-2 Axis Regulates the Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Promotion of Chondrosarcoma Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133347. [PMID: 34283074 PMCID: PMC8268073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A chondrosarcoma is a common tumor of the bone that has a high propensity to metastasize to distant organs. The effects of NGF in a chondrosarcoma are not confirmed although NGF is capable of promoting the progression and metastasis of several different types of tumors. Here, we found that NGF promotes the chondrosarcoma migration and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The levels of NGF and MMP-2 in human chondrosarcoma tumor tissues correlated strongly with the tumor stage. We identified that NGF induces the MMP-2 synthesis and chondrosarcoma cell motility by inhibiting miR-423-5p expression through the FAK and c-Src pathways. We suggest that NGF is a worthwhile therapeutic target in the treatment of a metastatic chondrosarcoma. Abstract A chondrosarcoma is a common tumor of the soft tissue and bone that has a high propensity to metastasize to distant organs. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is capable of promoting the progression and metastasis of several different types of tumors although the effects of NGF in a chondrosarcoma are not confirmed. Here, we found that the levels of NGF and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) correlated with the tumor stage in patients with a chondrosarcoma. NGF facilitated the MMP-2-dependent cellular migration in human chondrosarcoma JJ012 cells while the overexpression of NGF enhanced the lung metastasis in a mouse model of a chondrosarcoma. NGF promoted the MMP-2 synthesis and cell migration by inhibiting miR-423-5p expression through the FAK and c-Src signaling cascades. NGF appears to be a worthwhile therapeutic target in the treatment of a metastatic chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Ling Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Louis-Anoop Thadevoos
- International Master Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 65152, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.F.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.F.); (C.-H.T.)
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10
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Tansir G, Rastogi S, Barwad A, Dhamija E. Long lasting response with trabectedin monotherapy in relapsed metastatic mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Clin Sarcoma Res 2020; 10:16. [PMID: 32864096 PMCID: PMC7453529 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-020-00138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is an exceedingly rare malignancy, accounting for around 5% of all patients with chondrosarcoma. It is a translocation-related sarcoma that tends to have both local and distant recurrences. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment in localised cases however treatment of advanced cases remains a challenge. The rarity of the disease precludes dedicated clinical trials and hence guidelines for its management are not well defined. The dearth in literature makes it pertinent that the cases treated with newer therapies must be reported to contribute to existing knowledge. Case presentation We hereby report a case of a 39-year old male without any comorbidity presenting with pelvic pain and was diagnosed as mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. He underwent an initial curative resection followed by a disease-free interval of 7 months. Subsequently, he was treated with pulmonary metastatectomy and local debulking surgery at time of initial relapse. He was then exposed to multiple lines of palliative chemotherapy, which limited our treatment options upon subsequent disease progression. Based on recent data, the patient was given trabectedin monotherapy as fourth line chemotherapy. He tolerated the therapy well and attained a progression-free survival of 12 months, which is an impactful figure in relapsed setting in this patient population. Conclusion This report aims to present a comprehensive review into available and newer treatment choices for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and to highlight trabectedin monotherapy as a possible therapeutic option for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the relapsed setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Tansir
- Sarcoma Medical Oncology Clinic, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Rastogi
- Sarcoma Medical Oncology Clinic, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Adarsh Barwad
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Dhamija
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. B.R.A Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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11
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Antimetastatic Potential of Rhodomyrtone on Human Chondrosarcoma SW1353 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8180261. [PMID: 32802134 PMCID: PMC7403900 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8180261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is primary bone cancer, with the forceful capacity to cause local invasion and distant metastasis, and has a poor prognosis. Cancer metastasis is a complication of most cancers; it is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Rhodomyrtone is a pure compound that has been shown to induce apoptosis and antimetastasis in skin cancer. However, the inhibitory effect of rhodomyrtone on human chondrosarcoma cell metastasis is largely unknown. Effect of rhodomyrtone on cell viability in SW1353 cell was determined by MTT assay. Antimigration, anti-invasion, and antiadhesion were carried out to investigate the antimetastatic potential of rhodomyrtone on SW1353 cells. Gelatin zymography was performed to determine matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities. The effect of rhodomyrtone on the underlying mechanisms was performed by Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that rhodomyrtone reduced cell viability of SW1353 cells at the low concentration (<3 μg/mL); cell viability was >80%. Rhodomyrtone at the subcytotoxic concentrations (0.5, 1.5, and 3 μg/mL) significantly inhibited cell migration, invasion, and adhesion of SW1353 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Protein expression of integrin αv, integrin β3, and the downstream migratory proteins including focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the phosphorylation of serine/threonine AKT, Ras, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 were inhibited after treatment with rhodomyrtone. Moreover, we found that rhodomyrtone decreased the protein level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as the enzyme activity in SW1353 cells. Meanwhile, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 expression was increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Besides, rhodomyrtone dramatically inhibited the expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (GRB2) and the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal regulation kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase1/2 (JNK1/2). These results indicated that rhodomyrtone inhibited SW1353 cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by suppressing integrin αvβ3/FAK/AKT/small Rho GTPases pathway as well as downregulation of MMP-2/9 via ERK and JNK signal inhibition. These findings indicate that rhodomyrtone possessed the antimetastasis activity that may be used for antimetastasis therapy in the future.
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12
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Hsieh MJ, Huang C, Lin CC, Tang CH, Lin CY, Lee IN, Huang HC, Chen JC. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes doxorubicin resistance in chondrosarcoma cells by affecting XRCC5 expression. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:293-303. [PMID: 31916307 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common form of bone cancer and is characterized by its ability to produce an extracellular matrix of the cartilage. High-grade chondrosarcoma is highly aggressive and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Chondrosarcoma is resistant to both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; hence, the current main treatment is still surgical resection. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been shown to significantly improve patient survival compared with untreated chondrosarcoma. However, for patients with metastasis, surgical resection alone can hardly treat them. In addition, drug resistance is one of the leading causes of death in patients with chondrosarcoma. Secreted proteins can mediate cell-cell interactions in the cancer microenvironment, which may be associated with the development of drug resistance. In the present study, chondrosarcoma cells were treated with Dox, the conditioned medium was then collected and changes in secreted proteins were analyzed using the antibody array. Results showed that the Dox-treated group had the highest secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), indicating the effect of bFGF on Dox sensitivity in chondrosarcoma. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated knockdown and treatment of exogenous recombinant protein were employed to further investigate the effect of bFGF on Dox resistance. Results demonstrated that bFGF can promote the expression of X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), leading to Dox resistance. Secreted bFGF is likely to be detected in serum, in addition to being a biomarker for predicting Dox resistance, the combination of Dox and bFGF/XRCC5 blockers may be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of Dox in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Earth and Life Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Neng Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Tsing Hua University, South Campus, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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13
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Abstract
Components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are known to play an essential role during malignant progression, but often in a context-dependent manner. In bone and soft tissue sarcomas, disease-regulatory activities in the TME remain largely uncharacterized. This chapter introduces the cellular, structural, and chemical composition of the sarcoma TME from a pathobiological and therapeutic perspective.Sarcomas are malignant tumors with diverse features when it comes to primary tumor appearance, metastatic potential, and response to treatment. Many of the classic subtypes are mainly composed of malignant cells and are therefore assumed to be committed to autocrine signaling. Some of the tumors are infiltrated by immune cells and contain necrotic areas or excessive amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulates tissue stiffness and interstitial fluid pressure. Vascular invasion and blood vessel characteristics can in some instances be considered in the prognostic setting.Further insights into the disease-regulatory activities of the sarcoma TME will provide essential knowledge on how to develop successful combination treatments targeting not only malignant cells, but also their routes of nutrition and ability to shield themselves toward existing therapy.
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14
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Wang CQ, Lin CY, Huang YL, Wang SW, Wang Y, Huang BF, Lai YW, Weng SL, Fong YC, Tang CH, Lv Z. Sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes PDGF-dependent endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11040-11053. [PMID: 31809267 PMCID: PMC6932882 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The malignant bone tumors that are categorized as chondrosarcomas display a high potential for metastasis in late-stage disease. Higher-grade chondrosarcomas contain higher levels of expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor. The phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinase enzymes SphK1 and SphK2 generates sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which inhibits human chondrosarcoma cell migration, while SphK1 overexpression suppresses lung metastasis of chondrosarcoma. We sought to determine whether S1P mediates levels of PDGF-A expression and angiogenesis in chondrosarcoma. Surprisingly, our investigations found that treatment of chondrosarcoma cells with S1P and transfecting them with SphK1 cDNA increased PDGF-A expression and induced angiogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Ras, Raf, MEK, ERK and AP-1 inhibitors and their small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) inhibited S1P-induced PDGF-A expression and EPC angiogenesis. Our results indicate that S1P promotes the expression of PDGF-A in chondrosarcoma via the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK/AP-1 signaling cascade and stimulates EPC angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bi-Fei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Wei Lai
- Division of Urology, Taipei Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhong Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Gao Z, Lu T, Song H, Gao Z, Ren F, Ouyang P, Wang Y, Zhu J, Zhou S, He X. Prognostic Factors and Treatment Options for Patients with High-Grade Chondrosarcoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8952-8967. [PMID: 31765367 PMCID: PMC6894367 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this study was to determine the prognostic factors exclusive for high-grade chondrosarcoma and whether adjuvant radiotherapy could achieve better overall survival (OS) or cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with high-grade chondrosarcoma. Material/Methods Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry database was utilized to extract the chondrosarcoma cases diagnosed between 1973 and 2014. Among these cases, the histological grades of poorly differentiated (grade 3) and undifferentiated (grade 4) were categorized as high-grade and included in this study. Chondrosarcoma OS and CSS were the primary outcomes in the present study. The log-rank test was performed for univariate analysis, and the Cox regression model was conducted for multivariate analysis. Results A total of 743 patients with high-grade chondrosarcoma were identified in this study (430 cases were poorly differentiated tumors, and 313 cases were undifferentiated tumors). Age at diagnosis, pathological grade, histo-type, SEER stage, tumor size and surgical resection were identified as independent predictors in both OS and CSS analysis of high-grade chondrosarcoma. When stratified by histological grade, surgical resection remained the effective treatment. Strikingly, radiotherapy was determined as an independent protective factor in both OS and CSS analysis of undifferentiated (grade 4) dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, and adjuvant radiotherapy combined surgical resection could improve both the OS and CSS of patients with undifferentiated myxoid and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma compared with other treatment regimens. Conclusions Our study first demonstrated that adjuvant radiotherapy combined surgery could improve the survival of patients with undifferentiated myxoid and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. These results encourage the application of adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with high-grade chondrosarcoma and maximize the patients’ outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Teng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengchao Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Fenggang Ren
- Research Institute of Advanced Surgical Techniques and Engineering of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Pengrong Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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16
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Development and validation of a nomogram containing the prognostic determinants of chondrosarcoma based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:1459-1467. [PMID: 31243629 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to develop and validate a reliable nomogram for predicting the disease-specific survival (DSS) of chondrosarcoma patients. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried from 2004 to 2015 to identify cases of histologically confirmed chondrosarcoma. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors and construct a nomogram for predicting the 3- and 5-year DSS rates. Predictive values were compared between the new model and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system using concordance indexes (C-indexes), calibration plots, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Multivariate Cox regression identified 1180 patients, who were used to establish a nomogram based on a new model containing the predictive variables of age, socioeconomic status, tumor size, surgery status, chemotherapy status, and AJCC staging. In the nomogram, age at diagnosis is the factor with the highest risk, followed by AJCC stage IV and tumor size > 100 mm. Both the C-index and the calibration plots demonstrated the good performance of the nomogram. Moreover, both NRI and IDI were improved compared to the AJCC staging system, and also DCA demonstrated that the nomogram is clinically useful. CONCLUSION We have developed a reliable nomogram for determining the prognosis and treatment outcomes of chondrosarcoma patients that is superior to the traditional AJCC staging system.
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17
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Ouyang Z, Wang S, Zeng M, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wang W, Liu T. Therapeutic effect of palbociclib in chondrosarcoma: implication of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 as a potential target. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:17. [PMID: 30808351 PMCID: PMC6390580 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilaginous neoplasm of the bone which resistant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CKD4) is highly expressed in human cancer, and palbociclib, the inhibitor of CDK4 has been used clinically under FDA approval for application in cancer therapeutic remedies. However, the level of CDK4 and the treatment possibility in chondrosarcoma require further exploration. Thus, we aim to investigate the level of CDK4 and accompanying therapeutic effects of palbociclib in chondrosarcoma. METHODS We used immunohistochemistric analysis to evaluate human CDK4 productions in chondrosarcoma tissues. The inhibitory expression of CDK4 by siRNA or palbociclib on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis and cycle arrest of chondrosarcoma were determined by MTT, wound healing, transwell and flow cytometry. CDK4/Rb signaling pathway were determined by western blot and Immunofluorescence assay. The inhibition effect of palbociclib on tumor growth within the bone were determined by bioluminescence imaging in vivo. RESULTS CDK4 was found to express significantly in human chondrosarcoma samples. The enhanced levels of CDK4 were interlinked with malignant metastasis and undesirable prognosis of chondrosarcoma patients. CDK4 was also highly expressed in human chondrosarcoma cell lines and its inhibition by specific siRNA and palbociclib lead to a decrease in cell proliferation, accompanied by the phosphorylation of Rb. Furthermore, palbociclib also induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and decreased cell migration and invasion via CDK4/Rb signaling pathway. Administration of palbociclib in vivo could reduce tumor burden in chondrosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data highlight CDK4 inhibitors, such as palbociclib, as potential promising therapeutics in the treatment of human chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Ouyang
- 0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Sisi Wang
- 0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ming Zeng
- 0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Zhihong Li
- 0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Qing Zhang
- 0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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18
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Resistin facilitates VEGF-A-dependent angiogenesis by inhibiting miR-16-5p in human chondrosarcoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:31. [PMID: 30631040 PMCID: PMC6328541 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistin is an adipokine that is associated with obesity, inflammation, and various cancers. Chondrosarcomas are primary malignant bone tumors that have a poor prognosis. VEGF-A is a critical angiogenic factor that is known to promote angiogenesis and metastasis in chondrosarcoma. It is unknown as to whether resistin affects human chondrosarcoma angiogenesis. In this study, we show how resistin promotes VEGF-A expression and subsequently induces angiogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Resistin treatment activated the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt signaling pathways, while PI3K and Akt inhibitors or siRNA diminished resistin-induced VEGF-A expression. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed the downregulation of micro RNA (miR)-16-5p in resistin-induced VEGF-A expression and EPCs angiogenesis. We also found a positive correlation between resistin and VEGF-A expression, and a negative correlation between resistin and VEGF-A with miR-16-5p in chondrosarcoma patients. These findings reveal that resistin facilitates VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis through the inhibition of miR-16-5p expression via PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. Resistin may be a promising target in chondrosarcoma angiogenesis.
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19
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Abstract
Chondrosarcomas constitute a heterogeneous group of primary bone cancers characterized by hyaline cartilaginous neoplastic tissue. They are the second most common primary bone malignancy. The vast majority of chondrosarcomas are conventional chondrosarcomas, and most conventional chondrosarcomas are low- to intermediate-grade tumors (grade 1 or 2) which have indolent clinical behavior and low metastatic potential. Recurrence augurs a poor prognosis, as conventional chondrosarcomas are both radiation and chemotherapy resistant. Recent discoveries in the biology, genetics, and epigenetics of conventional chondrosarcomas have significantly advanced our understanding of the pathobiology of these tumors and offer insight into potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A Chow
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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20
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Gao Z, Ren F, Song H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gao Z, Zhu J, He X. Marital Status and Survival of Patients with Chondrosarcoma: A Population-Based Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6638-6648. [PMID: 30235178 PMCID: PMC6161567 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that differences in marital status contribute to different prognoses for certain cancers, but the relationship between marital status and the prognosis of chondrosarcoma has not been reported previously. Material/Methods In this study, we selected 4502 eligible cases through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1977 to 2014 to analyze the impact of marital status on chondrosarcoma cancer-specific survival (CSS) by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. Results The sex, age, histotype, pathological grade, tumor location, tumor size, SEER stage, socioeconomic status, marital status, and treatment were identified as independent prognostic factors for chondrosarcoma CSS. Widowed patients presented the worst CSS compared with their married, divorced, and single counterparts (P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed widowed patients also had a significantly higher risk of cancer-specific mortality compared with married patients in localized stage (HR: 1.971, 95% CI: 1.298–2.994, P=0.001), regional stage (HR: 1.535, 95% CI: 1.094–2.154, P=0.013), low pathological grade (HR: 1.866, 95% CI: 1.332–2.613, P<0.001), and high pathological grade (HR: 1.662, 95% CI: 1.139–2.426, P=0.008). Conclusions Marital status was first identified as an independent prognostic factor for chondrosarcoma CSS, and widowhood was always associated with a high risk of cancer-specific mortality. It is necessary to provide timely psychological treatment for widowed patients in clinical practice, which can improve the survival of chondrosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fenggang Ren
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute of Advanced Surgical Techniques and Engineering of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengchao Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Junjie Zhu
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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21
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Su CM, Tang CH, Chi MJ, Lin CY, Fong YC, Liu YC, Chen WC, Wang SW. Resistin facilitates VEGF-C-associated lymphangiogenesis by inhibiting miR-186 in human chondrosarcoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:234-242. [PMID: 29730230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a common primary malignant tumor of the bone that can metastasize through the vascular system to other organs. A key step in the metastatic process, lymphangiogenesis, involves vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). However, the effects of lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcoma metastasis remain to be clarified. Accumulating evidence shows that resistin, a cytokine secreted from adipocytes and monocytes, also promotes tumor pathogenesis. Notably, chondrosarcoma can easily metastasize. In this study, we demonstrate that resistin enhances VEGF-C expression and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs)-associated lymphangiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells. We also show that resistin triggers VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis via the c-Src signaling pathway and down-regulating micro RNA (miR)-186. Overexpression of resistin in chondrosarcoma cells significantly enhanced VEGF-C production and LECs-associated lymphangiogenesis in vitro and tumor-related lymphangiogenesis in vivo. Resistin levels were positively correlated with VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis via the down-regulation of miR-186 expression in clinical samples from chondrosarcoma tissue. This study is the first to evaluate the mechanism underlying resistin-induced promotion of LECs-associated lymphangiogenesis via the upregulation of VEGF-C expression in human chondrosarcomas. We suggest that resistin may represent a molecular target in VEGF-C-associated tumor lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ming Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ju Chi
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan; Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ching Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Shi Z, Zhou H, Pan B, Lu L, Kang Y, Liu L, Wei Z, Feng S. Exploring the key genes and pathways in enchondromas using a gene expression microarray. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43967-43977. [PMID: 28410203 PMCID: PMC5546454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enchondromas are the most common primary benign osseous neoplasms that occur in the medullary bone; they can undergo malignant transformation into chondrosarcoma. However, enchondromas are always undetected in patients, and the molecular mechanism is unclear. To identify key genes and pathways associated with the occurrence and development of enchondromas, we downloaded the gene expression dataset GSE22855 and obtained the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by analyzing high-throughput gene expression in enchondromas. In total, 635 genes were identified as DEGs. Of these, 225 genes (35.43%) were up-regulated, and the remaining 410 genes (64.57%) were down-regulated. We identified the predominant gene ontology (GO) categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that were significantly over-represented in the enchondromas samples compared with the control samples. Subsequently the top 10 core genes were identified from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The enrichment analyses of the genes mainly involved in two significant modules showed that the DEGs were principally related to ribosomes, protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, amoebiasis and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Together, these data elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of enchondromas and provide promising candidates for therapeutic intervention and prognostic evaluation. However, further experimental studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
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23
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Lin CY, Tzeng HE, Li TM, Chen HT, Lee Y, Yang YC, Wang SW, Yang WH, Tang CH. WISP-3 inhibition of miR-452 promotes VEGF-A expression in chondrosarcoma cells and induces endothelial progenitor cells angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39571-39581. [PMID: 28465477 PMCID: PMC5503633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most prevalent general primary tumor of bone following osteosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma development may be linked to angiogenesis, which is principally elicited by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). VEGF-A level has been recognized as a prognostic marker in angiogenesis. WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-3 (WISP)-3/CCN6 belongs to the CCN family and is involved in regulating several cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Nevertheless, the effect of WISP-3 on VEGF-A production and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma remains largely unknown. This current study shows that WISP-3 promoted VEGF-A production and induced angiogenesis of human endothelial progenitor cells. Moreover, WISP-3-enhanced VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis involved the c-Src and p38 signaling pathways, while miR-452 expression was negatively affected by WISP-3 via the c-Src and p38 pathways. Our results illustrate the clinical significance of WISP-3, VEGF-A and miR-452 in human chondrosarcoma patients. WISP-3 may illustrate a novel therapeutic target in the metastasis and angiogenesis of chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-En Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yang
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Tzeng HE, Chang AC, Tsai CH, Wang SW, Tang CH. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis via inhibition of miR-381 in human chondrosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38566-38578. [PMID: 27229532 PMCID: PMC5122411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A chondrosarcoma is a common, primary malignant bone tumor that can grow to destroy the bone, produce fractures and develop soft tissue masses. Left untreated, chondrosarcomas metastasize through the vascular system to the lungs and ultimately lead to large metastatic deposits of the malignant cartilage taking over lung volume and function. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C has been implicated in tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and elevated expression of VEGF-C has been found to correlate with cancer metastasis. bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), a secreted cytokine, regulates biological activity, including angiogenesis and metastasis. We have previously reported on the important role of bFGF in angiogenesis in chondrosarcomas. However, the effect of bFGF in VEGF-C regulation and lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcomas is poorly understood. In this investigation, we demonstrate a correlation exists between bFGF and VEGF-C in tissue specimens from patients with chondrosarcomas. To examine the lymphangiogenic effect of bFGF, we used human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to mimic lymphatic vessel formation. We found that bFGF-treated chondrosarcomas promoted LEC tube formation and cell migration. In addition, bFGF knockdown inhibited lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We also found that bFGF-induced VEGF-C is mediated by the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Src signaling pathway. Furthermore, bFGF inhibited microRNA-381 expression via the PDGFR and c-Src cascade. Our study is the first to describe the mechanism of bFGF-promoted lymphangiogenesis by upregulating VEGF-C expression in chondrosarcomas. Thus, bFGF could serve as a therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Wu MH, Huang PH, Hsieh M, Tsai CH, Chen HT, Tang CH. Endothelin-1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human chondrosarcoma cells by repressing miR-300. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70232-70246. [PMID: 27602960 PMCID: PMC5342549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin predominantly composed of cartilage-producing cells. This type of bone cancer is extremely resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgical resection is the primary treatment, but is often difficult and not always practical for metastatic disease, so more effective treatments are needed. In particular, it would be helpful to identify molecular markers as targets for therapeutic intervention. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, has been shown to enhance chondrosarcoma angiogenesis and metastasis. We report that ET-1 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human chondrosarcoma cells. EMT is a key pathological event in cancer progression, during which epithelial cells lose their junctions and apical-basal polarity and adopt an invasive phenotype. Our study verifies that ET-1 induces the EMT phenotype in chondrosarcoma cells via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. In addition, we show that ET-1 increases EMT by repressing miR-300, which plays an important role in EMT-enhanced tumor metastasis. We also show that miR-300 directly targets Twist, which in turn results in a negative regulation of EMT. We found a highly positive correlation between ET-1 and Twist expression levels as well as tumor stage in chondrosarcoma patient specimens. Therefore, ET-1 may represent a potential novel molecular therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Huan Wu
- Physical Education Office, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Sports Recreation and Health Management Continuing Studies, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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Boehme KA, Schleicher SB, Traub F, Rolauffs B. Chondrosarcoma: A Rare Misfortune in Aging Human Cartilage? The Role of Stem and Progenitor Cells in Proliferation, Malignant Degeneration and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010311. [PMID: 29361725 PMCID: PMC5796255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other malignant bone tumors including osteosarcomas and Ewing sarcomas with a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults, conventional and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas mainly affect people in the 4th to 7th decade of life. To date, the cell type of chondrosarcoma origin is not clearly defined. However, it seems that mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPC) in the bone marrow facing a pro-proliferative as well as predominantly chondrogenic differentiation milieu, as is implicated in early stage osteoarthritis (OA) at that age, are the source of chondrosarcoma genesis. But how can MSPC become malignant? Indeed, only one person in 1,000,000 will develop a chondrosarcoma, whereas the incidence of OA is a thousandfold higher. This means a rare coincidence of factors allowing escape from senescence and apoptosis together with induction of angiogenesis and migration is needed to generate a chondrosarcoma. At early stages, chondrosarcomas are still assumed to be an intermediate type of tumor which rarely metastasizes. Unfortunately, advanced stages show a pronounced resistance both against chemo- and radiation-therapy and frequently metastasize. In this review, we elucidate signaling pathways involved in the genesis and therapeutic resistance of chondrosarcomas with a focus on MSPC compared to signaling in articular cartilage (AC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Boehme
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sabine B Schleicher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Children's Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Traub
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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27
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Wang LH, Lin CY, Liu SC, Liu GT, Chen YL, Chen JJ, Chan CH, Lin TY, Chen CK, Xu GH, Chen SS, Tang CH, Wang SW. CCL5 promotes VEGF-C production and induces lymphangiogenesis by suppressing miR-507 in human chondrosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:36896-36908. [PMID: 27166194 PMCID: PMC5095047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequently occurring type of bone malignancy that is characterized by the distant metastasis propensity. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is the major lymphangiogenic factor, and makes crucial contributions to tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Chemokine CCL5 has been reported to facilitate angiogenesis and metastasis in chondrosarcoma. However, the effect of chemokine CCL5 on VEGF-C regulation and lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcoma has largely remained a mystery. In this study, we showed a clinical correlation between CCL5 and VEGF-C as well as tumor stage in human chondrosarcoma tissues. We further demonstrated that CCL5 promoted VEGF-C expression and secretion in human chondrosarcoma cells. The conditioned medium (CM) from CCL5-overexpressed cells significantly induced tube formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Mechanistic investigations showed that CCL5 activated VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis by down-regulating miR-507. Moreover, inhibiting CCL5 dramatically reduced VEGF-C and lymphangiogenesis in the chondrosarcoma xenograft animal model. Collectively, we document for the first time that CCL5 induces tumor lymphangiogenesis by the induction of VEGF-C in human cancer cells. Our present study reveals miR-507/VEGF-C signaling as a novel mechanism in CCL5-mediated tumor lymphangiogenesis. Targeting both CCL5 and VEGF-C pathways might serve as the potential therapeutic strategy to block cancer progression and metastasis in chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongyang People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ting Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongyang People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Shiou-Sheng Chen
- Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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28
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Tsai HC, Tzeng HE, Huang CY, Huang YL, Tsai CH, Wang SW, Wang PC, Chang AC, Fong YC, Tang CH. WISP-1 positively regulates angiogenesis by controlling VEGF-A expression in human osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2750. [PMID: 28406476 PMCID: PMC5477571 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, much research has focused on the role of angiogenesis in osteosarcoma, which occurs predominantly in adolescents and young adults. The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) pathway is the key regulator of angiogenesis and in osteosarcoma. VEGF-A expression has been recognized as a prognostic marker in angiogenesis. Aberrant WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) expression is associated with various cancers. However, the function of WISP-1 in osteosarcoma angiogenesis is poorly understood. We demonstrate a positive correlation between WISP-1 and VEGF-A expression in human osteosarcoma. Moreover, we show that WISP-1 promotes VEGF-A expression in human osteosarcoma cells, subsequently inducing human endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) migration and tube formation. The focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α signaling pathways were activated after WISP-1 stimulation, while FAK, JNK, and HIF-1α inhibitors or small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished WISP-1-induced VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed down-regulation of microRNA-381 (miR-381) in WISP-1-induced VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis. Our findings reveal that WISP-1 enhances VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis through the FAK/JNK/HIF-1α signaling pathways, as well as via down-regulation of miR-381 expression. WISP-1 may be a promising target in osteosarcoma angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-En Tzeng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yin Huang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Adiponectin promotes VEGF-A-dependent angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma through PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and HIF-α pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36746-61. [PMID: 26468982 PMCID: PMC4742208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a type of highly malignant tumor with a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis. Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted predominantly by differentiated adipocytes. On the other hand, angiogenesis is a critical step in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the relationship of adiponectin with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma is mostly unknown. In this study we first demonstrated that the expression of adiponectin was correlated with tumor stage of human chondrosarcoma tissues. In addition, we also found that adiponectin increased VEGF-A expression in human chondrosarcoma cells and subsequently induced migration and tube formation in human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Adiponectin promoted VEGF-A expression through adiponectin receptor (AdipoR), phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K), Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF)-1α signaling cascades. Knockdown of adiponectin decreased VEGF-A expression and also abolished chondrosarcoma conditional medium-mediated tube formation in EPCs in vitro as well as angiogenesis effects in the chick chorioallantoic membrane and Matrigel plug nude mice model in vivo. Therefore, adiponectin is crucial for tumor angiogenesis and growth, which may represent a novel target for anti-angiogenic therapy in human chondrosarcoma.
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30
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Wang LH, Tsai HC, Cheng YC, Lin CY, Huang YL, Tsai CH, Xu GH, Wang SW, Fong YC, Tang CH. CTGF promotes osteosarcoma angiogenesis by regulating miR-543/angiopoietin 2 signaling. Cancer Lett 2017; 391:28-37. [PMID: 28108312 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary solid tumor of bone. It has a high metastatic potential and occurs predominantly in adolescents and young adults. Angiopoietin 2 (Angpt2) is a key regulator in tumor angiogenesis, facilitating tumor growth and metastasis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, also known as CCN2), is a cysteine-rich protein that has been reported to promote metastasis of osteosarcoma. However, the effect of CTGF on Angpt2 regulation and angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma remains largely unknown. We found that overexpression of CTGF in osteosarcoma cells increased Angpt2 production and induced angiogenesis, in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that CTGF-enhanced Angpt2 expression and angiogenesis is mediated by the phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKCδ) signaling pathway. Moreover, endogenous microRNA-543 (miR-543) expression was negatively regulated by CTGF via the PLC/PKCδ pathway. We also provide evidence showing clinical significance between CTGF, Angpt2, and miR-543 as well as tumor staging in human osteosarcoma tissue. CTGF may serve as a therapeutic target in the process of osteosarcoma metastasis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongyang People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongyang People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan; Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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31
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Wang CQ, Huang YW, Wang SW, Huang YL, Tsai CH, Zhao YM, Huang BF, Xu GH, Fong YC, Tang CH. Amphiregulin enhances VEGF-A production in human chondrosarcoma cells and promotes angiogenesis by inhibiting miR-206 via FAK/c-Src/PKCδ pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:261-270. [PMID: 27826039 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignancy of bone after myeloma and osteosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma development may be linked to angiogenesis, which is principally elicited by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). The expression of VEGF-A has been recognized as a prognostic marker in angiogenesis. Amphiregulin (AR), an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand, promotes tumor proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. However, the role of AR in VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma remains largely unknown. This current study shows that AR promoted VEGF-A production and induced angiogenesis of human endothelial progenitor cells. Moreover, AR-enhanced VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis involved the FAK, c-Src and PKCδ signaling pathways, while miR-206 expression was negatively mediated by AR via the FAK, c-Src and PKCδ pathways. Our results illustrate the clinical significance between AR, VEGF-A and miR-206, as well as tumor stage, in human chondrosarcoma. AR may represent a novel therapeutic target in the metastasis and angiogenesis of chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Ming Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Bi-Fei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Guo-Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongyang People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Liu JF, Chen CY, Chen HT, Chang CS, Tang CH. BL-038, a Benzofuran Derivative, Induces Cell Apoptosis in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells through Reactive Oxygen Species/Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Caspases Dependent Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091491. [PMID: 27618007 PMCID: PMC5037769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a highly malignant cartilage-forming bone tumor that has the capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis. Moreover, chondrosarcoma is intrinsically resistant to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The novel benzofuran derivative, BL-038 (2-amino-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran-4-yl acetate), has been evaluated for its anticancer effects in human chondrosarcoma cells. BL-038 caused cell apoptosis in two human chondrosarcoma cell lines, JJ012 and SW1353, but not in primary chondrocytes. Treatment of chondrosarcoma with BL-038 also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, BL-038 decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and changed mitochondrial-related apoptosis, by downregulating the anti-apoptotic activity members (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and upregulating pro-apoptotic members (Bax, Bak) of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins, key regulators of the apoptotic machinery in cells. These results demonstrate that in human chondrosarcoma cells, the apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of BL-038 are mediated by the intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, which in turn causes the release of cytochrome c, the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), to elicit apoptosis response. Our results show that the benzofuran derivative BL-038 induces apoptosis in chondrosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Shiang Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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Yang WH, Chang AC, Wang SW, Wang SJ, Chang YS, Chang TM, Hsu SK, Fong YC, Tang CH. Leptin promotes VEGF-C production and induces lymphangiogenesis by suppressing miR-27b in human chondrosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28647. [PMID: 27345723 PMCID: PMC4921910 DOI: 10.1038/srep28647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequently occurring type of bone malignancy that is characterized by the distant metastasis propensity. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is the chief lymphangiogenic mediator, and makes crucial contributions to tumor lymphangiogenesis. Leptin is an adipocytokine and has been indicated to facilitate tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the effect of leptin on VEGF-C regulation and lymphangiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma has hugely remained a mystery. Our results showed a clinical correlation between leptin and VEGF-C as well as tumor stage in human chondrosarcoma tissues. We further demonstrated that leptin promoted VEGF-C production and secretion in human chondrosarcoma cells. The conditioned medium from leptin-treated chondrosarcoma cells induced lymphangiogenesis of human lymphatic endothelial cells. We also found that leptin-induced VEGF-C is mediated by the FAK, PI3K and Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the expression of microRNA-27b was negatively regulated by leptin via the FAK, PI3K and Akt cascade. Our study is the first to describe the mechanism of leptin-promoted lymphangiogenesis by upregulating VEGF-C expression in chondrosarcomas. Thus, leptin could serve as a therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shoou-Jyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang-Hua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Puhsin Township, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sen Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Keh Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Adiponectin promotes VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis by inhibiting miR-27b through a CaMKII/AMPK/p38 signaling pathway in human chondrosarcoma cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1523-33. [PMID: 27252405 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequently occurring type of bone malignancy characterized by distant metastatic propensity. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is the major lymphangiogenic factor, and makes crucial contributions to tumour lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted predominantly by differentiated adipocytes. In recent years, adiponectin has also been indicated as facilitating tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the effect of adiponectin on VEGF-C regulation and lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcoma has remained largely a mystery. In the present study, we have shown a clinical correlation between adiponectin and VEGF-C, as well as tumour stage, in human chondrosarcoma tissues. We further demonstrated that adiponectin promoted VEGF-C expression and secretion in human chondrosarcoma cells. The conditioned medium from adiponectin-treated cells significantly induced tube formation and migration of human lymphatic endothelial cells. In addition, adiponectin knock down inhibited lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo We also found that adiponectin-induced VEGF-C is mediated by the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the expression of miR-27b was negatively regulated by adiponectin via the CaMKII, AMPK and p38 cascade. The present study is the first to describe the mechanism of adiponectin-promoted lymphangiogenesis by up-regulating VEGF-C expression in chondrosarcomas. Thus, adiponectin could serve as a therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Amphiregulin enhances alpha6beta1 integrin expression and cell motility in human chondrosarcoma cells through Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK/AP-1 pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11434-46. [PMID: 25825984 PMCID: PMC4484467 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor that produces cartilage matrix. The most lethal aspect is its metastatic property. We demonstrated that amphiregulin (AR) is significantly upregulated in highly aggressive cells. AR silencing markedly suppressed cell migration. Exogenous AR markedly increased cell migration by transactivation of α6β1 integrin expression. A neutralizing α6β1 integrin antibody can abolish AR-induced cell motility. Knockdown of AR inhibits metastasis of cells to the lung in vivo. Furthermore, elevated AR expression is positively correlated with α6β1 integrin levels and higher grades in patients. These findings can potentially serve as biomarker and therapeutic approach for controlling chondrosarcoma metastasis.
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36
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Lyons SM, Alizadeh E, Mannheimer J, Schuamberg K, Castle J, Schroder B, Turk P, Thamm D, Prasad A. Changes in cell shape are correlated with metastatic potential in murine and human osteosarcomas. Biol Open 2016; 5:289-99. [PMID: 26873952 PMCID: PMC4810736 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells for many cancers are known to have altered cytoskeletal properties, in particular to be more deformable and contractile. Consequently, shape characteristics of more metastatic cancer cells may be expected to have diverged from those of their parental cells. To examine this hypothesis we study shape characteristics of paired osteosarcoma cell lines, each consisting of a less metastatic parental line and a more metastatic line, derived from the former by in vivo selection. Two-dimensional images of four pairs of lines were processed. Statistical analysis of morphometric characteristics shows that shape characteristics of the metastatic cell line are partly overlapping and partly diverged from the parental line. Significantly, the shape changes fall into two categories, with three paired cell lines displaying a more mesenchymal-like morphology, while the fourth displaying a change towards a more rounded morphology. A neural network algorithm could distinguish between samples of the less metastatic cells from the more metastatic cells with near perfect accuracy. Thus, subtle changes in shape carry information about the genetic changes that lead to invasiveness and metastasis of osteosarcoma cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanthe M Lyons
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elaheh Alizadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joshua Mannheimer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Katherine Schuamberg
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jordan Castle
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Bryce Schroder
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Philip Turk
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Douglas Thamm
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ashok Prasad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Nimbolide Induces ROS-Regulated Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Migration in Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23405-24. [PMID: 26426012 PMCID: PMC4632706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone and is most prevalent in children and adolescents. OS is frequently associated with pulmonary metastasis, which is the main cause of OS-related mortality. OS has a poor prognosis and is often unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy. In this study, we determined that Nimbolide, a novel anti-cancer therapy, acts by modulating multiple mechanisms in osteosarcoma cells. Nimbolide induces apoptosis by increasing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and finally, caspase activation. We also determined that Nimbolide inhibits cell migration, which is crucial for metastasis, by reducing the expression of integrin αvβ5. In addition, our results demonstrate that integrin αvβ5 expression is modulated by the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling cascade. Nimbolide has potential as an anti-tumor drug given its multifunctional effects in OS. Collectively, these results help us to understand the mechanisms of action of Nimbolide and will aid in the development of effective therapies for OS.
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38
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Liu GT, Chen HT, Tsou HK, Tan TW, Fong YC, Chen PC, Yang WH, Wang SW, Chen JC, Tang CH. CCL5 promotes VEGF-dependent angiogenesis by down-regulating miR-200b through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human chondrosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10718-31. [PMID: 25301739 PMCID: PMC4279405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone cancer, with potential for local invasion and distant metastasis. Chemokine CCL5 (formerly RANTES) of the CC-chemokine family plays a crucial role in metastasis. Angiogenesis is essential for the cancer metastasis. However, correlation of CCL5 with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma is still unknown. CCL5-mediated VEGF expression was assessed by qPCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. CCL5-induced angiogenesis was examined by migration and tube formation in endothelial progenitor cells in vitro. CCL5 increased VEGF expression and also promoted chondrosarcoma conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Stimulation of chondrosarcoma with CCL5 augmented PI3K and Akt phosphorylation, while PI3K and Akt inhibitor or siRNA abolished CCL5-induced VEGF expression and angiogenesis. We also demonstrated CCL5 inhibiting miR-200b expression and miR-200b mimic reversing the CCL5-enhanced VEGF expression and angiogenesis. Moreover, in chondrosarcoma patients showed the positive correlation between CCL5 and VEGF; negative correlation between CCL5 and miR-200b. Taken together, results demonstrate CCL5 promoting VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells by down-regulating miR-200b through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ting Liu
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Kai Tsou
- Functional Neurosurgery Division, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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39
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Tsai CH, Tsai HC, Huang HN, Hung CH, Hsu CJ, Fong YC, Hsu HC, Huang YL, Tang CH. Resistin promotes tumor metastasis by down-regulation of miR-519d through the AMPK/p38 signaling pathway in human chondrosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:258-70. [PMID: 25404641 PMCID: PMC4381593 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin is a recently discovered adipocyte-secreting adipokine, which may play a critical role in modulating cancer pathogenesis. Chondrosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor known to frequently metastasize; however, the role of resistin in the metastasis of human chondrosarcoma is largely unknown. Here, we found that the expression of resistin was higher in chondrosarcoma biopsy tissues than in normal cartilage. Moreover, treatment with resistin increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression and promoted cell migration in human chondrosarcoma cells. Co-transfection with microRNA (miR)-519d mimic resulted in reversed resistin-mediated cell migration and MMP-2 expression. Additionally, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 inhibitors or siRNAs reduced the resistin-increased cell migration and miR-519d suppression, and inhibition of resistin expression resulted in suppression of MMP-2 expression and lung metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that resistin promotes chondrosarcoma metastasis and MMP-2 expression through activation of the AMPK/p38 signaling pathway and down-regulation of miR-519d expression. Therefore, resistin may represent a potential novel molecular therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ning Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Hung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Suntravat M, Barret HS, Jurica CA, Lucena SE, Perez JC, Sánchez EE. Recombinant disintegrin (r-Cam-dis) from Crotalus adamanteus inhibits adhesion of human pancreatic cancer cell lines to laminin-1 and vitronectin. JOURNAL OF VENOM RESEARCH 2015; 6:1-10. [PMID: 26045944 PMCID: PMC4440708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant cancer common worldwide having poor prognosis, even when diagnosed at its early stage. Cell adhesion plays a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Integrins are major mediators of cell adhesion and play an important role in invasion and metastatic growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. Snake disintegrins are the most potent ligands of several integrins and have potential therapeutic applications for cancers. We have previously cloned and expressed a new recombinant RGD-disintegrin from Crotalus adamanteus (r-Cam-dis). This recently published r-Cam-dis has an extra nine amino acids derived from the vector (SPGARGSEF) at the N-terminus end and has strong anti-platelet activity. However, this r-Cam-dis contains the contamination of the cleavage of the N-terminal end of the pET-43.1a cloning vector. In this study, we have cloned r-Cam-dis in a different cloning vector (pGEX-4T-1) showing five different amino acids (GSPEF) at the N-terminal part. This new r-Cam-dis was expressed and tested for inhibition of platelet aggregation, specific binding activity with seven different integrins, and inhibition of adhesion of three different pancreatic cancer cell lines on laminin-1 and vitronectin. The r-Cam-dis showed potent binding to αvβ3 integrin, but was moderate to weak with αvβ5, αvβ6, α2β1, and α6β1. Interestingly, the inhibition of r-Cam-dis on pancreatic cancer cell lines adhesion to laminin-1 was more effective than that to vitronectin. Based on our binding results to integrin receptors and previous adhesion studies using function-blocking monoclonal antibodies, it is suggested that r-Cam-dis could be inhibiting adhesion of pancreatic cancer cell lines through integrins α2β1, α6β1, αvβ5, and αvβ6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montamas Suntravat
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Henriquez S Barret
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Cameron A Jurica
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Sara E Lucena
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - John C Perez
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Elda E Sánchez
- αNational Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA,βDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA,*Correspondence to: Elda Sánchez, , +1 361 5933796; +1 361 5933798
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41
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Tsai HC, Su HL, Huang CY, Fong YC, Hsu CJ, Tang CH. CTGF increases matrix metalloproteinases expression and subsequently promotes tumor metastasis in human osteosarcoma through down-regulating miR-519d. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3800-12. [PMID: 25003330 PMCID: PMC4116521 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor, shows potent capacity for local invasion and distant metastasis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), a secreted protein, binds to integrins, modulates invasive behavior of certain human cancer cells. Effect of CTGF in metastasis of human osteosarcoma is unknown. We found overexpression of CTGF increasing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and MMP-3 expression as well as promoting cell migration. MicroRNA (miRNA) analysis of CTGF-overexpressed osteosarcoma versus control cells probed mechanisms of CTGF-mediated promotion of migration. Among miRNAs regulated by CTGF, miR-519d was most downregulated after CTGF treatment. Co-transfection with miR-519d mimic reversed CTGF-mediated MMPs expression and cell migration. Also, MEK and ERK inhibitors or mutants reduced CTGF-increased cell migration and miR-519d suppression. By contrast, knockdown of CTGF diminished lung metastasis in vivo. Clinical samples indicate CTGF expression as linked with clinical stage and tumor metastasis. Taken together, data show CTGF elevating MMPs expression and subsequently promoting tumor metastasis in human osteosarcoma, down-regulating miR-519d via MEK and ERK pathways, making CTGF a new molecular therapeutic target in osteosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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42
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Chen JC, Yang ST, Lin CY, Hsu CJ, Tsai CH, Su JL, Tang CH. BMP-7 enhances cell migration and αvβ3 integrin expression via a c-Src-dependent pathway in human chondrosarcoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112636. [PMID: 25390068 PMCID: PMC4229252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-7 is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, which is originally identified based on its ability to induce cartilage and bone formation. In recent years, BMP-7 is also defined as a potent promoter of cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. However, there is little knowledge of the role of BMP-7 and its cellular function in chondrosarcoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the biological impact of BMP-7 on cell motility using transwell assay. In addition, the intracellular signaling pathways were also investigated by pharmacological and genetic approaches. Our results demonstrated that treatment with exogenous BMP-7 markedly increased cell migration by activating c-Src/PI3K/Akt/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in the transactivation of αvβ3 integrin expression. Indeed, abrogation of signaling activation, by chemical inhibition or expression of a kinase dead form of the protein attenuated BMP-7-induced expression of integrin αvβ3 and cell migration. These findings may provide a useful tool for diagnostic/prognostic purposes and even therapeutically in late-stage chondrosarcoma as an anti-metastatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Liang Su
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JLS); (C. Tang)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JLS); (C. Tang)
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Yang WH, Chen JC, Hsu KH, Lin CY, Wang SW, Wang SJ, Chang YS, Tang CH. Leptin increases VEGF expression and enhances angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3483-93. [PMID: 25230157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, 16kDa product of obese gene, is adipocytokine playing critical role in regulation of body weight. In recent years, leptin is also defined as potent angiogenic factor involving in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, it is unknown whether leptin regulates VEGF production in human chondrosarcoma and contributing the tumor-associated angiogenesis. METHODS We analyzed protein level of leptin and VEGF in human chondrosarcoma tissues. Effects of leptin on chondrosarcoma cells were examined by in vitro and in vivo assays. In addition, intracellular signal pathways were investigated by pharmacological and genetic approaches. RESULTS We found that both leptin and VEGF are highly expressed in human chondrosarcoma tissues, and positively correlated with tumor stage. Leptin increases VEGF production by activating OBRl receptor and MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK), which in turn enhances binding of AP-1 transcription factor to VEGF promoter, resulting in the transactivation of VEGF expression and subsequently promoting migration and tube formation in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In vivo, knockdown leptin significantly reduces angiogenesis and tumor growth. CONCLUSION Leptin may be a therapeutic target of angiogenesis and metastasis in chondrosarcoma. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide better understanding of pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma and can utilize this knowledge to design new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shoou-Jyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang-Hua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Puhsin Township, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sen Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Horng CT, Shieh PC, Tan TW, Yang WH, Tang CH. Paeonol suppresses chondrosarcoma metastasis through up-regulation of miR-141 by modulating PKCδ and c-Src signaling pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11760-72. [PMID: 24992595 PMCID: PMC4139812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma, a primary malignant bone cancer, has potential for local invasion and distant metastasis, especially to the lungs. Patients diagnosed with it show poor prognosis. Paeonol (2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone), the main active compound of traditional Chinese remedy Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity; whether paeonol regulates metastatic chondrosarcoma is largely unknown. Here, we find paeonol do not increase apoptosis. By contrast, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, paeonol suppresses migration and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells. We also demonstrate paeonol enhancing miR-141 expression and miR-141 inhibitor reversing paeonol-inhibited cell motility; paeonol also reduces protein kinase C (PKC)d and c-Src kinase activity. Since paeonol inhibits migration and invasion of human chondrosarcoma via up-regulation of miR-141 via PKCd and c-Src pathways, it thus might be a novel anti-metastasis agent for treatment of metastatic chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Horng
- Medical Education Center, Kaohsiung Armed Force General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Wei Tan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hung Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 403, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Tan TW, Chou YE, Yang WH, Hsu CJ, Fong YC, Tang CH. Naringin suppress chondrosarcoma migration through inhibition vascular adhesion molecule-1 expression by modulating miR-126. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:107-14. [PMID: 24975661 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma, a primary malignant bone cancer, has a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis, especially to the lungs. Patients diagnosed with it have poor prognosis. Naringin, polymethoxylated flavonoid commonly found in citrus fruits, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity; whether naringin regulates migration of chondrosarcoma is largely unknown. Here we report that naringin does not expedite apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma. By contrast, at noncytotoxic concentrations, naringin suppressed migration and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) of the immunoglobulin superfamily is linked with metastasis; we found incubation of chondrosarcoma cells with naringin reducing mRNA transcription for, and cell surface expression of, VCAM-1. We also observed that naringin enhancing miR-126 expression, and miR-126 inhibitor reversed the naringin-inhibited cell motility and VCAM-1 expression. Therefore, naringin inhibits migration and invasion of human chondrosarcoma via down-regulation of VCAM-1 by increasing miR-126. Thus, naringin may be a novel anti-migration agent for the treatment of migration in chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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