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Vischer AS, Kuster GM, Twerenbold R, Pfister O, Zhou Q, Villiger A, Poglitsch M, Krähenbühl S, Mayr M, Osswald S, Haschke M, Burkard T. Influence of Antihypertensive Treatment on RAAS Peptides in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030534. [PMID: 33802464 PMCID: PMC8001814 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Recently, influences of antihypertensive treatment on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has gained attention, regarding a possible influence on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. We aimed to study the effects of newly initiated antihypertensive drugs on angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang (1-7) as representers of two counter-regulatory axes. (2) Methods: In this randomized, open-label trial investigating RAAS peptides after the initiation of perindopril, olmesartan, amlodipine, or hydrochlorothiazide, Ang II and Ang (1-7) equilibrium concentrations were measured at 8 a.m. and 12 a.m. at baseline and after four weeks of treatment. Eighty patients were randomized (1:1:1:1 fashion). (3) Results: Between the four substances, we found significant differences regarding the concentrations of Ang II (p < 0.0005 for 8 a.m., 12 a.m.) and Ang (1-7) (p = 0.019 for 8 a.m., <0.0005 for 12 a.m.) four weeks after treatment start. Ang II was decreased by perindopril (p = 0.002), and increased by olmesartan (p < 0.0005), amlodipine (p = 0.012), and hydrochlorothiazide (p = 0.001). Ang (1-7) was increased by perindopril and olmesartan (p = 0.008/0.002), but not measurably altered by amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide (p = 0.317/ 0.109). (4) Conclusion: The initiation of all first line antihypertensive treatments causes early and distinct alterations of equilibrium angiotensin levels. Given the additional AT1R blocking action of olmesartan, RAAS peptides shift upon initiation of perindopril and olmesartan appear to work in favor of the anti-inflammatory axis compared to amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina S. Vischer
- Hypertension Clinic, Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriela M. Kuster
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.M.K.); (R.T.); (O.P.); (Q.Z.); (S.O.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.M.K.); (R.T.); (O.P.); (Q.Z.); (S.O.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.M.K.); (R.T.); (O.P.); (Q.Z.); (S.O.)
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.M.K.); (R.T.); (O.P.); (Q.Z.); (S.O.)
| | - Andrea Villiger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Mayr
- Hypertension Clinic, Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Stefan Osswald
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.M.K.); (R.T.); (O.P.); (Q.Z.); (S.O.)
| | - Manuel Haschke
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Burkard
- Hypertension Clinic, Medical Outpatient Department and Hypertension Clinic, ESH Hypertension Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.M.); (T.B.)
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.M.K.); (R.T.); (O.P.); (Q.Z.); (S.O.)
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Gao L, Yuan P, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Hou Y, Wei Y, Zheng X, Feng W. Taxifolin improves disorders of glucose metabolism and water-salt metabolism in kidney via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in metabolic syndrome rats. Life Sci 2020; 263:118713. [PMID: 33157091 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our study was designed to explore the function and mechanism of taxifolin on glucose metabolism and water-salt metabolism in kidney with metabolic syndrome (MS) rats. MAIN METHODS Spontaneous hypertensive rats were induced by fructose to establish MS model. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured after 7 weeks of continuous administration with taxifolin. Kidney injury indices and histopathological evaluation were done. The apoptosis rate of primary kidney cells was detected by flow cytometry. Insulin signaling pathway related proteins and renal glucose transport-related proteins were detected by western blotting. We assessed the effects of taxifolin on sodium water retention and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in MS rats. We examined not only changes in urine volume, osmotic pressure, urinary sodium and urinary chloride excretion, but also the effects on NA+/K+-ATPase and RAAS indicators. We also detected changes in inflammatory factors by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence. In vitro experiment, high glucose and salt stimulated NRK-52E cells. By adding the PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) to inhibit the PI3K, the effects of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on glucose metabolism, water-sodium retention and inflammatory response were discussed. KEY FINDINGS Taxifolin effectively reversed SBP, HOMA-IR, the kidney indices and abnormal histopathological changes induced by MS. Besides, taxifolin called back the protein associated with the downstream glucose metabolism pathway of PI3K/AKT. It also inhibited overactivation of RAAS and inflammatory response. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in this process. SIGNIFICANCE Taxifolin can improve homeostasis of glucose, inhibit overactivation of RAAS and reduce inflammatory response by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Gao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Peipei Yuan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yaxin Wei
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Rapoport RM, Soleimani M. Mechanism of Thiazide Diuretic Arterial Pressure Reduction: The Search Continues. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:815. [PMID: 31543812 PMCID: PMC6730501 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazide diuretic (TZD)-mediated chronic reduction of arterial pressure is thought to occur through decreased total peripheral vascular resistance. Further, the decreased peripheral vascular resistance is accomplished through TZD activation of an extrarenal target, resulting in inhibition of vascular constriction. However, despite greater than five decades of investigation, little progress has been made into the identification of the TZD extrarenal target. Proposed mechanisms range from direct inhibition of constrictor and activation of relaxant signaling pathways in the vascular smooth muscle to indirect inhibition through decreased neurogenic and hormonal regulatory pathways. Surprisingly, particularly in view of this lack of progress, comprehensive reviews of the subject are absent. Moreover, even though it is well recognized that 1) several types of hypertension are insensitive to TZD reduction of arterial pressure and, further, TZD fail to reduce arterial pressure in normotensive subjects and animals, and 2) different mechanisms underlie acute and chronic TZD, findings derived from these models and parameters remain largely undifferentiated. This review 1) comprehensively describes findings associated with TZD reduction of arterial pressure; 2) differentiates between observations in TZD-sensitive and TZD-insensitive hypertension, normotensive subjects/animals, and acute and chronic effects of TZD; 3) critically evaluates proposed TZD extrarenal targets; 4) proposes guiding parameters for relevant investigations into extrarenal TZD target identification; and 5) proposes a working model for TZD chronic reduction of arterial pressure through vascular dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Rapoport
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Ebrahimi L, Ai J, Alizadeh A, Shariaty M. Imminent Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor from Microbial Source for Cancer Therapy. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:80. [PMID: 29114378 PMCID: PMC5651670 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_324_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drugs targeting Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) have been used broadly in cancer chemotherapy. The recent past coupled with our results demonstrates the effective use of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) as anticancer agents, and they are potentially relevant in deriving new inhibitors. Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from cow milk collected in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India and plated on nutrient agar medium. The identity of the strain was ascertained by 16s rRNA gene sequencing method and was submitted to the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database. Various substrates were screened for ACEi production by the fermentation with the isolated strain. ACEi was purified by sequential steps of ethanol precipitation, ion exchange column chromatography and gel filtration column chromatography. The apparent molecular mass was determined by SDS-PAGE. The anticancer property was analyzed by studying the cytotoxicity effects of ACEi using Breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. Results The isolate coded as BUCTL09 was selected and identified as Micrococcus luteus. Among the seven substrates, only beef extract fermented broth showed an inhibition of 79% and was reported as the best substrate. The peptide was purified and molecular mass was determined. The IC50 value of peptide was found to be 59.5 μg/ml. The purified peptide has demonstrated to induce apoptosis of cancer cell. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that Peptide has been determined as an active compound that inhibited the activity of ACE. These properties indicate the possibilities of the use of purified protein as a potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Ebrahimi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Li XL, Zheng ZJ, Qu HO. Lack of association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with breast cancer: An update meta-analysis based on 10405 subjects. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:1095-100. [PMID: 24961504 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314529357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Wenling, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Wenling, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ou Qu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Wenling, P.R. China
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