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Hu B, Wang JM, Zhang QX, Xu J, Xing YN, Wang B, Han SY, He HX. Enterococcus faecalis provides protection during scavenging in carrion crow ( Corvus corone). Zool Res 2024; 45:451-463. [PMID: 38583936 PMCID: PMC11188602 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services. While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary habits. The carrion crow ( Corvus corone), an urban facultative scavenger bird, hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging behavior. Despite this, carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness, a phenomenon related to their unique physiological adaptability. At present, however, the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing, China. Our findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria (75.51%) and Firmicutes (22.37%). Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups, highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion crows. Subsequently, E. faecalis isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica infection. Results showed that E. faecalis down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), prevented S. enterica colonization, and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice, thereby modulating the host's immune regulatory capacity. Therefore, E. faecalis exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior, offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Xun Zhang
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Beijing Capital International Airport Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
| | - Ya-Nan Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Yi Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Xuan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail:
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SASAKI Y, NOZAWA-TAKEDA T, YONEMITSU K, ASAI T, ASAKURA H, NAGAI H. Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni in large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) in Tochigi prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1029-1033. [PMID: 35650120 PMCID: PMC9353090 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As free-living crows are a potential source of Campylobacter infections in broilers and cattle, we characterized Campylobacter spp. isolated from crows using multilocus sequence typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We obtained 82 samples from 27 birds captured at seven different times using a trap set in Tochigi prefecture, Japan. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 55 (67.1%) of the 82 samples and classified into 29 sequence types, of which 21 were novel. Tetracycline and streptomycin resistance rates were 18.2% and 3.6%, respectively. These results show that most types of C. jejuni infecting crows differ from those isolated from humans, broilers, and cattle. Thus, the importance of free-living crows as reservoirs of Campylobacter infections in broilers and cattle may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa SASAKI
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu NOZAWA-TAKEDA
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
- Tamanoura Area Future Association, Goto City Tamanoura Branch, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenzo YONEMITSU
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo ASAI
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi ASAKURA
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidetaka NAGAI
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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Murray MH, Lankau EW, Kidd AD, Welch CN, Ellison T, Adams HC, Lipp EK, Hernandez SM. Gut microbiome shifts with urbanization and potentially facilitates a zoonotic pathogen in a wading bird. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0220926. [PMID: 32134945 PMCID: PMC7058277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract influence many aspects of host health, including metabolism and susceptibility to pathogen colonization. These relationships and the environmental and individual factors that drive them are relatively unexplored for free-living wildlife. We quantified the relationships between urban habitat use, diet, and age with microbiome composition and diversity for 82 American white ibises (Eudocimus albus) captured along an urban gradient in south Florida and tested whether gut microbial diversity was associated with Salmonella enterica prevalence. Shifts in community composition were significantly associated with urban land cover and, to a lesser extent, diets higher in provisioned food. The diversity of genera was negatively associated with community composition associated with urban land cover, positively associated with age class, and negatively associated with Salmonella shedding. Our results suggest that shifts in both habitat use and diet for urban birds significantly alter gut microbial composition and diversity in ways that may influence health and pathogen susceptibility as species adapt to urban habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen H. Murray
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emily W. Lankau
- University of Wisconsin Department of Animal Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Ronin Institute, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Anjelika D. Kidd
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Catharine N. Welch
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Taylor Ellison
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Henry C. Adams
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sonia M. Hernandez
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Jacobs L, McMahon BH, Berendzen J, Longmire J, Gleasner C, Hengartner NW, Vuyisich M, Cohn JR, Jenkins M, Bartlow AW, Fair JM. California condor microbiomes: Bacterial variety and functional properties in captive-bred individuals. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225858. [PMID: 31825977 PMCID: PMC6905524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Around the world, scavenging birds such as vultures and condors have been experiencing drastic population declines. Scavenging birds have a distinct digestive process to deal with higher amounts of bacteria in their primary diet of carcasses in varying levels of decay. These observations motivate us to present an analysis of captive and healthy California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) microbiomes to characterize a population raised together under similar conditions. Shotgun metagenomic DNA sequences were analyzed from fecal and cloacal samples of captive birds. Classification of shotgun DNA sequence data with peptide signatures using the Sequedex package provided both phylogenetic and functional profiles, as well as individually annotated reads for targeted confirmatory analysis. We observed bacterial species previously associated with birds and gut microbiomes, including both virulent and opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens, Propionibacterium acnes, Shigella flexneri, and Fusobacterium mortiferum, common flora such as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus ruminus, and Bacteroides vulgatus, and mucosal microbes such as Delftia acidovorans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Corynebacterium falsnii. Classification using shotgun metagenomic reads from phylogenetic marker genes was consistent with, and more specific than, analysis based on 16S rDNA data. Classification of samples based on either phylogenetic or functional profiles of genomic fragments differentiated three types of samples: fecal, mature cloacal and immature cloacal, with immature birds having approximately 40% higher diversity of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Jacobs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Benjamin H. McMahon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Joel Berendzen
- GenerisBio, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Longmire
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Gleasner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | | | | | - Judith R. Cohn
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Marti Jenkins
- The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Bartlow
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jeanne M. Fair
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang G, Feng D. Therapeutic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii combined with Bifidobacterium and on cellular immune function in children with acute diarrhea. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2653-2659. [PMID: 31572514 PMCID: PMC6755444 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical effect of Saccharomyces boulardii combined with bifidobacterium and its effect on cellular immune function in children with acute diarrhea were studied. In total 116 cases of children with acute diarrhea admitted to Xuzhou Children's Hospital from March 2015 to March 2017 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. There were 59 children treated with Saccharomyces boulardii as control group and 57 children treated with Saccharomyces boulardii combined with bifidobacterium as experimental group. The clinical effect, stool frequency in different time periods, mean antidiarrheal time, mean antipyretic time and length of stay, and immune function of children in the two groups after treatment were analyzed. The cure rate (73.68%) and the total effective rate (87.72%) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (47.46 and 71.19%) (P<0.05). The stool frequency in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group 3 days after treatment (P<0.05). The mean antidiarrheal time in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05). The length of stay in the control group was significantly longer than that in the experimental group (P<0.05). CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ increased significantly in the experimental group after treatment while CD8+ decreased significantly (P<0.05). After treatment, the ratio of Th1 and Th2 in the two groups decreased significantly compared with before treatment (P<0.05), and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly higher than that before treatment (P<0.05), and the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, treatment of acute diarrhea in children with Saccharomyces boulardii combined with bifidobacterium can effectively shorten the duration of diarrhea and hospital stay, reduce the number of diarrhea and enhance the cellular immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Dongjin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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Isolation of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae from a crow ( Corvus corone ) in close proximity to commercial pigs. Vet J 2018; 236:111-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Arleevskaya MI, Shafigullina AZ, Filina YV, Lemerle J, Renaudineau Y. Associations between Viral Infection History Symptoms, Granulocyte Reactive Oxygen Species Activity, and Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease in Untreated Women at Onset: Results from a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Tatarstan Women. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1725. [PMID: 29259607 PMCID: PMC5723296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of infectious episodes at early stages of rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) development, 59 untreated eRA patients, 77 first-degree relatives, from a longitudinal Tatarstan women cohort, were included, and compared to 67 healthy women without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in their family history. At inclusion, informations were collected regarding both the type and incidence of infectious symptom episodes in the preceding year, and granulocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied at the basal level and after stimulation with serum-treated zymosan (STZ). In the eRA group, clinical [disease activity score (DAS28), health assessment questionnaire] and biological parameters associated with inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein) or with RA [rheumatoid factor, anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP2) antibodies] were evaluated. An elevated incidence of infection events in the previous year characterized the eRA and relative groups. In addition, a history of herpes simplex virus (HSV) episodes was associated with disease activity, while an elevated incidence of anti-CCP2 autoantibody characterized eRA patients with a history of viral upper respiratory tract infection symptoms (V-URI). Granulocyte ROS activity in eRA patients was quantitatively [STZ peak and its area under the curve (AUC)] and qualitatively (STZ time of peak) altered, positively correlated with disease activity, and parameters were associated with viral symptoms including HSV exacerbation/recurrence, and V-URI. In conclusion, our study provides arguments to consider a history of increased viral infection symptoms in RA at the early stage and such involvement needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yulia V. Filina
- State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Julie Lemerle
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, INSERM U1227, Hôpital Morvan, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHU) de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, INSERM U1227, Hôpital Morvan, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHU) de Brest, Brest, France
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