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Hershberger MW, He P, Francois K, Lerner D, Bear A, Adappa N, Panchal N. Is maxillary sinusitis and radiographic maxillary sinus opacification associated with an altered microbiology of MRONJ? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024; 137:345-354. [PMID: 38443234 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maxillary sinusitis can be a sequela of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This study aims to characterize the microbiome of maxillary MRONJ with concurrent maxillary sinusitis and radiographic maxillary sinus opacification to determine if there is a relationship between the microbiome of MRONJ and sinus disease. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective case series was conducted using electronic health records from the University of Pennsylvania and affiliated hospitals. The target population was surgically managed maxillary MRONJ patients. The primary predictor variables were tissue culture results. The primary outcomes were maxillary sinusitis or maxillary sinus opacification. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-squared tests at the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Thirty-nine subjects were selected: 25 had sinus opacification and 11 had sinusitis. Resident bacteria were present in 90% of subjects, nonresident bacteria in 74%, and opportunistic organisms in 15%. There were significantly more subjects with chronic sinusitis microbes (79%) than without. There were significantly more gram-positive anaerobes, specifically Propionibacterium, as well as the gram-negative facultative anaerobe, Capnocytophaga, in subjects with concurrent sinusitis. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary MRONJ with concurrent maxillary sinusitis may be associated with gram-positive anaerobic species, Propionibacterium, and Capnocytophaga colonization. Maxillary MRONJ patients may benefit from sinus evaluation and concurrent surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Puhan He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Francois
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Lerner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Bear
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nithin Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neeraj Panchal
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Varotsou C, Premetis GE, Labrou NE. Characterization and Engineering Studies of a New Endolysin from the Propionibacterium acnes Bacteriophage PAC1 for the Development of a Broad-Spectrum Artilysin with Altered Specificity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108523. [PMID: 37239874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has risen rapidly, leading to a great threat to global public health. A promising solution to this problem is the exploitation of phage endolysins. In the present study, a putative N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine type-2 amidase (NALAA-2, EC 3.5.1.28) from Propionibacterium bacteriophage PAC1 was characterized. The enzyme (PaAmi1) was cloned into a T7 expression vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 cells. Kinetics analysis using turbidity reduction assays allowed the determination of the optimal conditions for lytic activity against a range of Gram-positive and negative human pathogens. The peptidoglycan degradation activity of PaAmi1 was confirmed using isolated peptidoglycan from P. acnes. The antibacterial activity of PaAmi1 was investigated using live P. acnes cells growing on agar plates. Two engineered variants of PaAmi1 were designed by fusion to its N-terminus two short antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). One AMP was selected by searching the genomes of Propionibacterium bacteriophages using bioinformatics tools, whereas the other AMP sequence was selected from the antimicrobial peptide databases. Both engineered variants exhibited improved lytic activity towards P. acnes and the enterococci species Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. The results of the present study suggest that PaAmi1 is a new antimicrobial agent and provide proof of concept that bacteriophage genomes are a rich source of AMP sequences that can be further exploited for designing novel or improved endolysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Varotsou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios E Premetis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Philips CA, Ahamed R, Rajesh S, Singh S, Tharakan A, Abduljaleel JK, Augustine P. Clinical outcomes and gut microbiota analysis of severe alcohol-associated hepatitis patients undergoing healthy donor fecal transplant or pentoxifylline therapy: single-center experience from Kerala. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac074. [PMID: 36479155 PMCID: PMC9722224 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) patients with infections have a high short-term mortality rate. Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SAH. Preliminary studies have demonstrated long-term benefits with healthy donor fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Data on FMT compared with pentoxifylline for SAH and relevant gut microbial changes are lacking in literature. METHODS From January 2019 to February 2021, retrospective analysis of a single hospital's records revealed 47 SAH patients undergoing FMT (100 mL/day via nasoduodenal tube for 7 days) and 25 matched patients receiving pentoxifylline (400 mg/8 h for 28 days). The primary end point was a 6-month survival rate. Secondary end points included incidence of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, infections, acute kidney injury, and gut microbiota changes between post-therapy groups. Biomarker discovery and network analysis were also performed to identify significant taxa of gut microbiota in post-treatment groups in retrospectively stored stool samples. RESULTS All were males. The 6-month survival rate was higher in the patients undergoing FMT than in patients receiving pentoxifylline (83.0% vs 56.0%, P = 0.012). At the end of 6-month follow-up, the incidences of clinically significant ascites (56.0% vs 25.5%, P = 0.011), hepatic encephalopathy (40.0% vs 10.6%, P = 0.003), and critical infections (52.0% vs 14.9%, P < 0.001) in patients administered pentoxifylline were significantly higher than those in patients treated with FMT. At 3 months, biomarker analysis revealed a significant abundance of Bifidobacterium and Eggerthella in the FMT group and the pentoxifylline group, respectively. At 6 months, Bifidobacterium in the FMT group and pathogenic Aerococcaceae in the pentoxifylline group were notable. Network analysis showed beneficial taxa (Bifidobacterium) as a central influencer in those undergoing FMT at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Healthy donor FMT improved survival rate and reduced liver-related complications compared with pentoxifylline. These clinical benefits were associated with favorable modulation of intestinal bacterial communities. Difficult-to-treat SAH patients may be safely bridged to transplantation using FMT. Controlled trials evaluating long-term outcomes are an unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac Abby Philips
- Corresponding author. The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Ground Floor, Phase II, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva 683 112, Ernakulam, Kerala, India. Tel: +91-484-2905000; Fax: +91-484-7184000;
| | - Rizwan Ahamed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced GI Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Shobhit Singh
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Ajit Tharakan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced GI Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Jinsha K Abduljaleel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced GI Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Philip Augustine
- Monarch Liver Laboratory, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India,Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced GI Endoscopy, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Chunangamvely, Aluva, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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Beirne C, McCann E, McDowell A, Miliotis G. Genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in three multi-drug resistant strains of Cutibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne: a predictive in silico study. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:acmi000404. [PMID: 36133174 PMCID: PMC9484663 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Using available whole genome data, the objective of this in silico study was to identify genetic mechanisms that could explain the antimicrobial resistance profile of three multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains (CA17, CA51, CA39) of the skin bacterium
Cutibacterium acnes
previously recovered from patients with acne. In particular, we were interested in detecting novel genetic determinants associated with resistance to fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics that could then be confirmed experimentally.
Methods. A range of open source bioinformatics tools were used to ‘mine’ genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid borne contigs, and to characterise the phylogenetic diversity of the MDR strains.
Results. As probable mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, we identified a previously described resistance associated allelic variant of the gyrA gene with a ‘deleterious' S101L mutation in type IA1 strains CA51 (ST1) and CA39 (ST1), as well as a novel E761R ‘deleterious’ mutation in the type II strain CA17 (ST153). A distinct genomic sequence of the efflux protein YfmO which is potentially associated with resistance to MLSB antibiotics was also present in CA17; homologues in CA51, CA39, and other strains of
Cutibacterium acnes
, were also found but differed in amino acid content. Strikingly, in CA17 we also identified a circular 2.7 kb non-conjugative plasmid (designated pCA17) that closely resembled a 4.8 kb plasmid (pYU39) from the MDR
Salmonella enterica
strain YU39.
Conclusions. This study has provided a detailed explanation of potential genetic determinants for MDR in the
Cutibacterium acnes
strains CA17, CA39 and CA51. Further laboratory investigations will be required to validate these in silico results, especially in relation to pCA17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Beirne
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emily McCann
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew McDowell
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Ireland
| | - Georgios Miliotis
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Widyarman AS, Udawatte NS, Roeslan MO, Rizal MI, Richi M, Kusnoto J, Seneviratne CJ. Short- term effect of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri consumption on the salivary microbiome profile of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2067103. [PMID: 35497502 PMCID: PMC9045755 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2067103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This prospective clinical study aim was to analyze the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis lozenges on salivary microbiome of subjects wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods Saliva samples were collected prior to consumption and 14th-day post probiotic lozenges consumption (n=40, age 18-23). Oral hygiene index-score (OHI-S) and papilla bleeding index (PBI) were recorded. The salivary microbiome was profiled by next-generation sequencing using the V3-V4 region of 16S-rRNA. Microbial composition, diversity and taxonomic biomarkers were analysed in comparison to probiotic intervention and the clinical characteristics of the cohort using standard bioinformatics tools. Results The diversity and bacterial community structures did not change significantly in salivary microbiome of periodontally healthy subjects during short-term probiotic intervention. Probiotic consumption correlated with reduction of OHI and PBI scores (50% reduction of scores, P<0.001). The reduction of clinical indices was evident in conjunction with significantly reduced abundance of oral pathogens, such as Porphyromonas pasteri, Treponema sp., Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Kingella oralis and Propionibacterium acnes. Conclusion Short-term probiotic intervention helped maintaining good oral health in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. Although overall oral microbiome structure remained largely unchanged, a significant alteration in the abundance of health and disease-associated species highlighted the beneficial effect of probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nadeeka S. Udawatte
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Muhammad Ihsan Rizal
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mario Richi
- MiCORE Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Joko Kusnoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Unravelling the eco-specificity and pathophysiological properties of Cutibacterium species in the light of recent taxonomic changes. Anaerobe 2021; 71:102411. [PMID: 34265438 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, a new species name Cutibacterium acnes was coined for the well-documented species, Propionibacterium acnes, one of the most successful and clinically important skin commensals. The nomenclatural changes were brought about through creation of the genus Cutibacterium, when a group of propionibacteria isolates from the skin were transferred from the genus Propionibacterium and placed in the phylum Actinobacteria. Almost simultaneously, the discovery of two novel species of Cutibacterium occurred and the proposal of three subspecies of C. acnes were reported. These dramatic changes that occurred in a long-established taxon made it challenging for the non-specialist to correlate the huge volume of hitherto published work with current findings. In this review, we aim to correlate the eco-specificity and pathophysiological properties of these newly circumscribed taxa. We envisage that this information will shed light on the pathogenic potential of new isolates and enable better assessment of their clinical importance in the foreseeable future. Currently, five species are recognized within the genus: Cutibacterium acnes, Cutibacterium avidum, Cutibacterium granulosum, Cutibacterium modestum (previously, "Propionibacterium humerusii"), and Cutibacterium namnetense. These reside in different niches reflecting their uniqueness in their genetic makeup. Their pathogenicity includes acne inflammation, sarcoidosis, progressive macular hypomelanosis, prostate cancer, and infections (bone, lumbar disc, and heart). This is also the case for the three newly described subspecies of C. acnes, which are C. acnes subspecies acnes (C. acnes type I), subspecies defendens (C. acnes type II), and subspecies elongatum (C. acnes type III). C. acnes subspecies acnes is related to inflamed acne and sarcoidosis, while subspecies defendens to prostate cancer and subspecies elongatum to progressive macular hypomelanosis. Because the current nomenclature is based upon polyphasic analyses of the biochemical and pathogenic characteristics and comparative genomics, it provides a sound basis studying the pathophysiological roles of these species.
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Bocquet-Trémoureux S, Corvec S, Khammari A, Dagnelie MA, Boisrobert A, Dreno B. Acne fulminans and Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:827-833. [PMID: 31715640 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne fulminans (AF) is a rare and severe form of inflammatory acne. It is characterized by a sudden worsening of acne with appearance of ulceronecrotic lesions, which can be associated with systemic signs. Its pathophysiology and the best therapeutic strategy are only partially known. OBJECTIVE Our main objectives were to describe the clinical and biological profile of AF patients and to determine whether there was a difference in Cutibacterium acnes phylotype in AF compared to acne vulgaris. The secondary objective was to assess the efficacy of different therapies. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted in all patients followed for AF in our department between 2008 and 2018. Bacteriological samples were taken from each patient to analyse C. acnes phylotype distribution. The therapeutic response was assessed using the ECLA and GEA scales. RESULTS Fifteen patients with a median age of 15 years were included (12 men, 80%). A family history of acne was found in 86.7% of patients. Nine patients (60%) had isotretinoin-induced AF. Only one patient (6.7%) showed systemic signs. The bacteriological culture was positive for C. acnes in 80% of patients. The predominant phylotype was IA1 in 60% of patients, corresponding to the predominant phylotype in acne vulgaris. Only 33.3% of patients were in remission after a first-line treatment with systemic corticosteroids, alone or in combination. Seven patients were treated with biotherapy, including five successfully with secukinumab. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that there is no specific C. acnes phylotype associated with AF, raising the hypothesis that acute inflammation associated with AF may be more related to an abnormal cutaneous innate immunity activation. The use of preventive strategies, the impact of combined treatments and an assessment of the role of biotherapies, especially anti-IL-17, in AF treatment remain to be more investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Corvec
- CIC 1413, CRCINA Inserm U 1232, University Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Bacteriology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - A Khammari
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,CIC 1413, CRCINA Inserm U 1232, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - M-A Dagnelie
- CIC 1413, CRCINA Inserm U 1232, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - A Boisrobert
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B Dreno
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,CIC 1413, CRCINA Inserm U 1232, University Nantes, Nantes, France
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Modic Changes Are Not Associated With Long-term Pain and Disability: A Cohort Study With 13-year Follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:1186-1192. [PMID: 30985571 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A comparative cohort study with 13-year follow-up. OBJECTIVE To assess whether Modic changes (MCs) are associated with long-term physical disability, back pain, and sick leave. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Previous studies have shown a conflicting association of low back pain (LBP) with MCs and disc degeneration. The long-term prognosis of patients with MCs is unclear. METHODS In 2004 to 2005, patients aged 18 to 60 with daily LBP were enrolled in an randomized controlled trial study and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Patients completed numeric rating scales (0-10) for LBP and leg pain, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), LBP Rating Scale for activity limitations (RS, 0-30), inflammatory pain pattern and sick leave days due to LBP at baseline and 13 years after the MRI. Patients were stratified based on the presence (+MC) or absence (-MC) of MCs on the MRI. RESULTS Of 204 cases with baseline MRI, 170 (83%) were available for follow-up; 67 (39%) with MCs and 103 (61%) without MCs. Demographics, smoking status, BMI, use of antibiotics, LBP, leg pain, and inflammatory pain pattern scores at baseline and at 13-year follow-up were similar between the two groups. Also, baseline RMDQ was similar between the +MC and -MC groups. At 13 years, the RMDQ score was statistically significant better in the +MC group (7.4) compared with the -MC group (9.6, P = 0.024). Sick leave days due to LBP were similar at baseline but less in the +MC group (9.0) compared with the -MC group (22.9 d, P = 0.003) at 13 years. CONCLUSION MCs were not found to be negatively associated with long-term pain, disability, or sick leave. Rather, the study found that LBP patients with MCs had significantly less disability and sick-leave at long-term follow-up. We encourage further studies to elucidate these findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Agak GW, Kao S, Ouyang K, Qin M, Moon D, Butt A, Kim J. Phenotype and Antimicrobial Activity of Th17 Cells Induced by Propionibacterium acnes Strains Associated with Healthy and Acne Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:316-324. [PMID: 28864077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the human skin microbiome suggest that Propionibacterium acnes strains may contribute differently to skin health and disease. However, the immune phenotype and functions of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells induced by healthy (PH) versus acne (PA) skin-associated P. acnes strains are currently unknown. We stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and observed that PA strains induce higher IL-17 levels than PH strains. We next generated PH and PA strain-specific Th17 clones and show that P. acnes strains induce Th17 cells of varied phenotype and function that are stable in the presence of IL-2 and IL-23. Although PH- and PA-specific clones expressed similar levels of LL-37 and DEFB4, only PH-specific clones secreted molecules sufficient to kill P. acnes. Furthermore, electron microscopic studies showed that supernatants derived from activated PH and not PA-specific clones exhibited robust bactericidal activity against P. acnes, and complete breaches in the bacterial cell envelope were observed. This antimicrobial activity was independent of IL-26, because both natural IL-26 released by Th17 clones and rhIL-26 lacked antimicrobial potency against P. acnes. Overall, our data suggest that P. acnes strains may differentially modulate the CD4+ T-cell responses, leading to the generation of Th17 cells that may contribute to either homeostasis or acne pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Agak
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Stephanie Kao
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelsey Ouyang
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Qin
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Moon
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ahsan Butt
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenny Kim
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yang G, Eishi Y, Raza A, Rojas H, Achiriloaie A, De Los Reyes K, Raghavan R. Propionibacterium acnes
-associated neurosarcoidosis: A case report with review of the literature. Neuropathology 2017; 38:159-164. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Loma Linda University Medical Center; Loma Linda California USA
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology; Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Anwar Raza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Loma Linda University Medical Center; Loma Linda California USA
| | - Heather Rojas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Loma Linda University Medical Center; Loma Linda California USA
| | - Adina Achiriloaie
- Department of Radiology; Loma Linda University Medical Center; Loma Linda California USA
| | - Kenneth De Los Reyes
- Department of Neurosurgery; Loma Linda University Medical Center; Loma Linda California USA
| | - Ravi Raghavan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Loma Linda University Medical Center; Loma Linda California USA
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Emery DC, Shoemark DK, Batstone TE, Waterfall CM, Coghill JA, Cerajewska TL, Davies M, West NX, Allen SJ. 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing Analysis Shows Bacteria in Alzheimer's Post-Mortem Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:195. [PMID: 28676754 PMCID: PMC5476743 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological deterioration associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), involving accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, is associated with evident neuroinflammation. This is now seen to be a significant contributor to pathology. Recently the tenet of the privileged status of the brain, regarding microbial compromise, has been questioned, particularly in terms of neurodegenerative diseases. It is now being considered that microbiological incursion into the central nervous system could be either an initiator or significant contributor to these. This is a novel study using 16S ribosomal gene-specific Next generation sequencing (NGS) of extracted brain tissue. A comparison was made of the bacterial species content of both frozen and formaldehyde fixed sections of a small cohort of Alzheimer-affected cases with those of cognitively unimpaired (normal). Our findings suggest an increase in bacterial populations in Alzheimer brain tissue compared with normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Emery
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tom E. Batstone
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christy M. Waterfall
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. Coghill
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Davies
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola X. West
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley J. Allen
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
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Christensen GJM, Scholz CFP, Enghild J, Rohde H, Kilian M, Thürmer A, Brzuszkiewicz E, Lomholt HB, Brüggemann H. Antagonism between Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes and its genomic basis. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:152. [PMID: 26924200 PMCID: PMC4770681 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis live in close proximity on human skin, and both bacterial species can be isolated from normal and acne vulgaris-affected skin sites. The antagonistic interactions between the two species are poorly understood, as well as the potential significance of bacterial interferences for the skin microbiota. Here, we performed simultaneous antagonism assays to detect inhibitory activities between multiple isolates of the two species. Selected strains were sequenced to identify the genomic basis of their antimicrobial phenotypes. Results First, we screened 77 P. acnes strains isolated from healthy and acne-affected skin, and representing all known phylogenetic clades (I, II, and III), for their antimicrobial activities against 12 S. epidermidis isolates. One particular phylogroup (I-2) exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than other P. acnes phylogroups. All genomes of type I-2 strains carry an island encoding the biosynthesis of a thiopeptide with possible antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis. Second, 20 S. epidermidis isolates were examined for inhibitory activity against 25 P. acnes strains. The majority of S. epidermidis strains were able to inhibit P. acnes. Genomes of S. epidermidis strains with strong, medium and no inhibitory activities against P. acnes were sequenced. Genome comparison underlined the diversity of S. epidermidis and detected multiple clade- or strain-specific mobile genetic elements encoding a variety of functions important in antibiotic and stress resistance, biofilm formation and interbacterial competition, including bacteriocins such as epidermin. One isolate with an extraordinary antimicrobial activity against P. acnes harbors a functional ESAT-6 secretion system that might be involved in the antimicrobial activity against P. acnes via the secretion of polymorphic toxins. Conclusions Taken together, our study suggests that interspecies interactions could potentially jeopardize balances in the skin microbiota. In particular, S. epidermidis strains possess an arsenal of different mechanisms to inhibit P. acnes. However, if such interactions are relevant in skin disorders such as acne vulgaris remains questionable, since no difference in the antimicrobial activity against, or the sensitivity towards S. epidermidis could be detected between health- and acne-associated strains of P. acnes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2489-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mogens Kilian
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Elzbieta Brzuszkiewicz
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hans B Lomholt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Wu B, Wiese J, Labes A, Kramer A, Schmaljohann R, Imhoff JF. Lindgomycin, an Unusual Antibiotic Polyketide from a Marine Fungus of the Lindgomycetaceae. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4617-32. [PMID: 26225984 PMCID: PMC4556996 DOI: 10.3390/md13084617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual polyketide with a new carbon skeleton, lindgomycin (1), and the recently described ascosetin (2) were extracted from mycelia and culture broth of different Lindgomycetaceae strains, which were isolated from a sponge of the Kiel Fjord in the Baltic Sea (Germany) and from the Antarctic. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means. In the new polyketide, two distinct domains, a bicyclic hydrocarbon and a tetramic acid, are connected by a bridging carbonyl. The tetramic acid substructure of compound 1 was proved to possess a unique 5-benzylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione unit. The combination of 5-benzylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione of compound 1 in its tetramic acid half and 3-methylbut-3-enoic acid pendant in its decalin half allow the assignment of a new carbon skeleton. The new compound 1 and ascosetin showed antibiotic activities with IC50 value of 5.1 (±0.2) µM and 3.2 (±0.4) μM, respectively, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jutta Wiese
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Antje Labes
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Kramer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Rolf Schmaljohann
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannes F Imhoff
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Chen Y, Wei J. Identification of Pathogen Signatures in Prostate Cancer Using RNA-seq. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128955. [PMID: 26053031 PMCID: PMC4460021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections of the prostate by bacteria, human papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related gammaretroviruses, human cytomegaloviruses and other members of the herpesvirus family have been widely researched. However, many studies have yielded conflicting and controversial results. In this study, we systematically investigated the transcriptomes of human prostate samples for the unique genomic signatures of these pathogens using RNA-seq data from both western and Chinese patients. Human and nonhuman RNA-seq reads were mapped onto human and pathogen reference genomes respectively using alignment tools Bowtie and BLAT. Pathogen infections and integrations were analyzed in adherence with the standards from published studies. Among the nine pathogens (Propionibacterium acnes, HPV, HCMV, XMRV, BKV, JCV, SV40, EBV, and HBV) we analyzed, Propionibacterium acnes genes were detected in all prostate tumor samples and all adjacent samples, but not in prostate samples from healthy individuals. SV40, HCMV, EBV and low-risk HPVs transcripts were detected in one tumor sample and two adjacent samples from Chinese prostate cancer patients, but not in any samples of western prostate cancer patients; XMRV, BKV and JCV sequences were not identified in our work; HBV, as a negative control, was absent from any samples. Moreover, no pathogen integration was identified in our study. While further validation is required, our analysis provides evidence of Propionibacterium acnes infections in human prostate tumors. Noted differences in viral infections across ethnicity remain to be confirmed with other large prostate cancer data sets. The effects of bacterial and viral infections and their contributions to prostate cancer pathogenesis will require continuous research on associated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Chen
- AstraZeneca, R&D Information, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Wei
- AstraZeneca, R&D Information, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
- * E-mail:
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Urquhart DM, Zheng Y, Cheng AC, Rosenfeld JV, Chan P, Liew S, Hussain SM, Cicuttini FM. Could low grade bacterial infection contribute to low back pain? A systematic review. BMC Med 2015; 13:13. [PMID: 25609421 PMCID: PMC4320560 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been both immense interest and controversy regarding a randomised, controlled trial which showed antibiotics to be effective in the treatment of chronic low back pain (disc herniation with Modic Type 1 change). While this research has the potential to result in a paradigm shift in the treatment of low back pain, several questions remain unanswered. This systematic review aims to address these questions by examining the role of bacteria in low back pain and the relationship between bacteria and Modic change. METHODS We conducted electronic searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE and included studies that examined the relationship between bacteria and back pain or Modic change. Studies were rated based on their methodological quality, a best-evidence synthesis was used to summarise the results, and Bradford Hill's criteria were used to assess the evidence for causation. RESULTS Eleven studies were identified. The median (range) age and percentage of female participants was 44.7 (41-46.4) years and 41.5% (27-59%), respectively, and in 7 of the 11 studies participants were diagnosed with disc herniation. Nine studies examined the presence of bacteria in spinal disc material and all identified bacteria, with the pooled estimate of the proportion with positive samples being 34%. Propionibacterium acnes was the most prevalent bacteria, being present in 7 of the 9 studies, with median (minimum, maximum) 45.0% (0-86.0) of samples positive. The best evidence synthesis found moderate evidence for a relationship between the presence of bacteria and both low back pain with disc herniation and Modic Type 1 change with disc herniation. There was modest evidence for a cause-effect relationship. CONCLUSIONS We found that bacteria were common in the spinal disc material of people undergoing spinal surgery. There was moderate evidence for a relationship between the presence of bacteria and both low back pain with disc herniation and Modic Type 1 change associated with disc herniation and modest evidence for causation. However, further work is needed to determine whether these organisms are a result of contamination or represent low grade infection of the spine which contributes to chronic low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Urquhart
- Department Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Yiliang Zheng
- Department Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Department Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey V Rosenfeld
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria, 3181, Australia.
| | - Patrick Chan
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria, 3181, Australia.
| | - Susan Liew
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria, 3181, Australia.
| | - Sultana Monira Hussain
- Department Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Flavia M Cicuttini
- Department Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
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Manniche C. Vertebral endplate (modic) changes and the treatment of back pain using antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/cpr.14.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Romano-Bertrand S, Beretta M, Jean-Pierre H, Frapier JM, Calvet B, Parer S, Jumas-Bilak E. Propionibacterium acnes populations involved in deep pathological samples and their dynamics along the cardiac surgical pathway. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:287-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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