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Nunes D, Tavares TG, Malcata FX, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC. Development and Validation of a Simple UV-HPLC Method to Quantify the Memantine Drug Used in Alzheimer's Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1162. [PMID: 39338325 PMCID: PMC11434901 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Memantine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, is used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, loading memantine in nanoparticles (NPs) could be an essential tool to improve the treatment effectiveness while reducing drug toxicity. Even though some approaches have been described to quantify memantine, none reported optimized methods using high-performance liquid chromatography resorting to ultraviolet detection (UV-HPLC) to determine encapsulation in NPs. The present research developed a HPLC method using pre-column derivatization for quantitatively analyzing memantine hydrochloride in NPs. Memantine was derivatized using 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC). The developed method was fully validated regarding suitability, specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and robustness according to the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. The retention time of memantine was 11.393 ± 0.003 min, with a mean recovery of 92.9 ± 3.7%. The new chromatographic method was validated and found to respond linearly over 5-140 μg/mL, with a high coefficient of determination. Intraday precision lay between 3.6% and 4.6%, and interday precision between 4.2% and 9.3%. The stability of memantine was also tested at 4 °C and -20 °C, and no signs of decay were found for up to 6 months. The new method was properly validated and proved simple, sensitive, specific, accurate, and precise for determining memantine encapsulation efficiency in lipid NPs. Greenness was evaluated, presenting a final score of 0.45. In the future, this methodology could also be applied to quantify memantine in different nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Nunes
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia G. Tavares
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Frenacisco Xavier Malcata
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana A. Loureiro
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Del Río-Sancho S, Serna-Jiménez CE, Sebastián-Morelló M, Calatayud-Pascual MA, Balaguer-Fernández C, Femenía-Font A, Kalia YN, Merino V, López-Castellano A. Transdermal therapeutic systems for memantine delivery. Comparison of passive and iontophoretic transport. Int J Pharm 2016; 517:104-111. [PMID: 27865983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Memantine is a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist used in the treatment of moderate to severe dementia including the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is administered orally but compliance, swallowing problems and the routine use of multiple medications in elderly AD patients means that an alternative route of administration would be of interest. The aim of the present study was to develop memantine hydrochloride occlusive transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) for passive and iontophoretic delivery across the skin. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and a mixture with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were employed as polymeric matrices. The study involved the TTS characterization in addition to quantification of the memantine transport across porcine skin in vitro. The evaluation of the TTS physical properties suggested that systems were made more mechanically resistant by including PVA (6%) or high concentrations of PVP (24%). Moreover, a linear correlation was observed between the concentration of PVP and the bioadhesion of the systems. Drug delivery experiments showed that the highest transdermal flux provided by a passive TTS (PVP 24% w/w limonene) was 8.89±0.81μgcm-2h-1 whereas the highest iontophoretic transport was 46.4±3.6μgcm-2h-1. These innovative TTS would enable two dosage regimens that could lead to therapeutic plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Del Río-Sancho
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - C E Serna-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Sebastián-Morelló
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - M A Calatayud-Pascual
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Balaguer-Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Femenía-Font
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Y N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Merino
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politecnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitologia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A López-Castellano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
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