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Ur Rahman F, Shah AB, Muhammad M, khan E, Ataya FS, Batiha GES. Antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibition and fluorescence characteristics of unsymmetrical thiourea derivatives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31563. [PMID: 38826706 PMCID: PMC11141368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of six unsymmetrical thiourea derivatives, namely 1-cyclohexyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl) thiourea (1), 1-cyclohexyl-3-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)thiourea (2), 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl) thiourea (3), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclohexylthiourea (4), 1-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)-3-phenylthiourea (5), and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylthiourea (6), were successfully synthesized via reaction between different amines with isothiocyanates under a non-catalytic environment. Structural elucidation of compounds (1-6) was performed using FT-IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy. The infrared spectra displayed characteristic stretching vibrations, while the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the thiourea moiety (C[bond, double bond]S) were observed in the range of 179.1-181.4 ppm. The antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of the compounds were assessed, as well as their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were evaluated. In order to analyze the fluorescence characteristics of each compound (1-6), the excitation (λex) and emission (λem) wavelengths were scanned within the range of 250-750 nm, with the solvent blank serving as a standard. It was observed that when dissolved in acetone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, and ethyl acetate, these compounds exhibited emission peaks ranging from 367 to 581 nm and absorption peaks ranging from 275 to 432 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Dir Lower, 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Bari Shah
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mian Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Dir Lower, 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ezzat khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Dir Lower, 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farid S. Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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Demir Y, Türkeş C, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Beydemir Ş. Molecular Docking Studies and the Effect of Fluorophenylthiourea Derivatives on Glutathione-Dependent Enzymes. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200656. [PMID: 36538730 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious problem affecting the health of all human societies. Chemotherapy refers to the use of drugs to kill cancer or the origin of cancer. In the past three decades, researchers have studied about proteins and their roles in the production of cancer cells. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that play a key role in cellular detoxification, protecting against reactive electrophiles attacks, including chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione reductase (GR) is an important antioxidant enzyme involved in protecting the cell against oxidative stress. In this current study, GST and GR enzymes were purified from human erythrocytes using affinity chromatography. GR was obtained with a specific activity of 5.95 EU/mg protein and a 52.38 % yield. GST was obtained with a specific activity of 4.88 EU/mg protein and a 74.88 % yield. The effect of fluorophenylthiourea derivatives on the purified enzymes was investigated. Afterward, KI values were found to range from 23.04±4.37 μM-59.97±13.45 μM for GR and 7.22±1.64 μM-41.24±2.55 μM for GST. 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)thiourea was showed the best inhibition effect for both GST and GR enzymes. The relationships of inhibitors with 3D structures of GST and GR were explained by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, 75700, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 24100, Turkey
| | | | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
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Sashankh PV, Dorairaj DP, Chen JY, Chang YL, Chand K, Karvembu R, Chien CM, Hsu SC. Synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies of piperazinyl thiourea derivatives as apoptosis inducer for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mendoza I, Luis Paz J, González-Paz LA, Márquez EA, Vera-Villalobos J, Mora JR, Alvarado YJ, Cordova-Sintjago T, Loroño G. MA. Reaction mechanism of the gas-phase pyrolysis of N – acetylthiourea and N, N’–diacetylthiourea: a theoretical study based in density functional theory. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oyeka EE, Babahan I, Eboma B, Ifeanyieze KJ, Okpareke OC, Coban EP, Özmen A, Coban B, Aksel M, Özdemir N, Groutso T, Ayogu JI, Yildiz U, Dinçer Bilgin M, Halil Biyik H, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, Asegbeloyin JN. Biologically active acylthioureas and their Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes: Structural, spectroscopic, anti-proliferative, nucleolytic and antimicrobial studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Israa M. Al-Jubanawi, Al-Sawaad HZ, Alwaaly AA. Synthesis Characterization and Corrosion Inhibition of Thiourea and Phthalic Anhydride Complex with Ni(II) for Carbon Steel Alloy C1010 0.1 M Hydrochloric Acid. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375521050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Complexes of 1,3-Diisobutyl Thiourea with Copper(I), Zinc(II) and Mercury(II): Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Evaluation. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 1,3-Diisobutyl thiourea (Tu) with metal salts, {[CuX (X = Cl, I)], [ZnCl2] and [HgI2] in an appropriate stoichiometric ratio afforded the corresponding metal complexes [Tu2CuCl] (1), [Tu3CuI] (2), [Tu2ZnCl2] (3) and [Tu2HgI2] (4) in good yields. The FT-IR data show typically broad signals (3278–3288 cm−1) attributed to the involvement of NH bonds in extensive hydrogen bonding. The structures of complexes were proposed based on a spectroscopic data set. Compounds 1 and 2 were additionally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Complexes 1–4 were tested for their free radical scavenging efficiency using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (hereafter abbreviated as DPPH). The free radical scavenging activity was a function of decrease in the resultant absorption of DPPH solution after the mixing of an appropriate concentration of the respective complex. The activity of complexes was determined to be dose dependent and increased concentration of the complex resulted in improved antioxidant activity. Compound 1 was found to be the most efficient, with 79.9% free radical scavenging activity. Complexes were also tested for their efficiency against selected strains of bacteria (E. coli, S. flexneri, S. typhi, and P. aeruginosa) and the activities were compared to commercially available standard drug cephradine. Compound 1 was more active against P.aeruginosa (ZI 13.25), while compound 4 was found to be more active against E. coli (ZI 11.0), S. flexneri (ZI 11.2), and S. typhi (ZI 10.5).
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Thiourea Derivatives, Simple in Structure but Efficient Enzyme Inhibitors and Mercury Sensors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154506. [PMID: 34361659 PMCID: PMC8347686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study six unsymmetrical thiourea derivatives, 1-isobutyl-3-cyclohexylthiourea (1), 1-tert-butyl-3-cyclohexylthiourea (2), 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclohexylthiourea (3), 1-(1,1-dibutyl)-3-phenylthiourea (4), 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylthiourea (5) and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylthiourea (6) were obtained in the laboratory under aerobic conditions. Compounds 3 and 4 are crystalline and their structure was determined for their single crystal. Compounds 3 is monoclinic system with space group P21/n while compound 4 is trigonal, space group R3:H. Compounds (1–6) were tested for their anti-cholinesterase activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (hereafter abbreviated as, AChE and BChE, respectively). Potentials (all compounds) as sensing probes for determination of deadly toxic metal (mercury) using spectrofluorimetric technique were also investigated. Compound 3 exhibited better enzyme inhibition IC50 values of 50, and 60 µg/mL against AChE and BChE with docking score of −10.01, and −8.04 kJ/mol, respectively. The compound also showed moderate sensitivity during fluorescence studies.
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Characteristics and Performance of PTU-Cu Composite Membrane Fabricated through Simultaneous Complexation and Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111743. [PMID: 34073535 PMCID: PMC8198067 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to integrate copper (Cu) during membrane formation by a facile simultaneous phase separation process to alleviate biofouling and improve membrane performance. Polythiourea (PTU) polymer synthesized through condensation polymerization of 4,4-oxydianiline and p-phenylene diisothiocyanate in dimethyl sulfoxide was used in the preparation of dope solution. By incorporating different concentrations of cupric acetate in the non-solvent bath, both non-solvent induced phase separation and complexation induced phase separation occur instantaneously. Scanning electron microscopy—energy dispersive X-ray, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis accompanied by color change of the membrane surfaces—confirms the interaction of the polymer with Cu. Interaction of Cu at the interface during membrane formation results in a decrease in contact angle from 2 to 10° and a decrease in surface roughness from 30% to 52% as measured by atomic force microscope analysis. Pure water flux of PTU-Cu membrane increased by a factor of 3 to 17 relative to pristine PTU membrane. Both the pristine PTU and PTU-Cu membrane showed antibacterial characteristics against E. coli.
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Odularu AT, Ajibade PA, Oyedeji OO, Mbese JZ, Puschmann H. Synthesis and crystal structure of N,N′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)thiourea N, N-dimethylformamide. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study is about the synthesis of N,N′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)thiourea N,N-dimethylformamide (C16H17Cl2N3OS) compound. Single crystals of the compound were obtained by slow evaporation of N,N′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)thiourea (C13H10Cl2N2S) in N,N-dimethylformamide (C3H7NO; DMF) through recrystallization under mild condition. Important classical N–H⋯O links the two molecules together. Results revealed that C16H17Cl2N3OS crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/c with the respective cell parameters of a = 92,360 (4) Å, b = 7.2232 (3) Å, 25.2555 (11) Å, β = 91.376 (3), α = γ = 90°, V = 1684.40 (12) Å3, T = 119.94 (13) K and Z = 4 and Z′ = 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele T. Odularu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare , Private Bag X1314 , Alice 5700 , South Africa
| | - Peter A. Ajibade
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermaritzburg Campus , Scottsville 3209 , South Africa
| | - Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare , Private Bag X1314 , Alice 5700 , South Africa
| | - Johannes Z. Mbese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare , Private Bag X1314 , Alice 5700 , South Africa
| | - Horst Puschmann
- Chemistry Department, Durham University , Dublin , United Kingdom
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Ali H, Iftikhar F, Shafi S, Siddiqui H, Khan IA, Choudhary MI, Musharraf SG. Thiourea derivatives induce fetal hemoglobin production in-vitro: A new class of potential therapeutic agents for β-thalassemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:285-293. [PMID: 31100414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction is a cost-effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies like β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. The present study discusses the potential of thiourea derivatives as new class of compounds that induce the fetal hemoglobin production. HbF inducing effect of thiourea derivatives was studied using experimental cell system, the human erythroleukemic K562 cell line. Erythroid induction of K562 cells was studied by the benzidine/H2O2 reaction, total hemoglobin production was estimated by plasma hemoglobin assay kit, and γ-globin gene expression by RT-qPCR, whereas fetal hemoglobin production was estimated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. The results indicated that newly synthesized thiourea derivative are potent inducers of erythroid differentiation of K562 cells with an increased γ-globin gene expression and fetal hemoglobin production. Moreover, these compounds showed no cytotoxic effect and inhibition on K562 cells at HbF inducing concentrations. It is important to note that hydroxyurea is a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent and have deleterious side effects, reflecting the need to identify new safe and effective HbF induces. These results signify thiourea derivatives as promising HbF inducers, with the potential to be studied against hematological disorders, including β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Iftikhar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Shafi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hina Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Mohapatra RK, Das PK, Pradhan MK, El-Ajaily MM, Das D, Salem HF, Mahanta U, Badhei G, Parhi PK, Maihub AA, -E-Zahan MK. Recent Advances in Urea- and Thiourea-Based Metal Complexes: Biological, Sensor, Optical, and Corroson Inhibition Studies. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2019.1594204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Pradeep K. Das
- Department of Chemistry, N. C. Autonomous College, Jajpur, Odisha, India
| | - Manoj K. Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Marei M. El-Ajaily
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Debadutta Das
- Department of Chemistry, Sukanti Degree College, Subarnapur, Odisha, India
| | - Halima F. Salem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Umakanta Mahanta
- Department of Chemistry, B. B. Mahavidyalaya, Harichandanpur, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Gouranga Badhei
- Department of Chemistry, SKDAV Government Polytechnic, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Pankaj K. Parhi
- School of Chemical Technology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Crystal Structure and Cyclic Voltammetric Studies on the Metal Complexes of N-(Dimethylcarbamothioyl)-4-fluorobenzamide. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/6108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized N-(dimethylcarbamothioyl)-4-fluorobenzamide compound and its copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes. The structures of compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR). Furthermore, crystal and molecular structure of the synthesized complexes have been identified by using single crystal X-ray diffraction data. In the complexes formation the metal atom was coordinated via two sulfur atoms and two oxygen atoms. The single crystal structure of copper(II) and nickel(II) complex exhibits slightly distorted square planar geometry. The oxygen atoms are in a cis configuration. It appeared that the lengths of the thiocarbonyl and carbonyl bonds are longer than the average for C=S and C=O; meanwhile the C‐N bonds in the complex ring appeared to be shorter than the average for C‐N single bonds. These data show that C-O, C-S, and C-N bond lengths of the complexes suggest considerable electronic delocalization in the chelate ring. All bond lengths and angles obtained as a result of the analyses are found to be within experimental error limits. The obtained crystal analysis data shows that the structure of complex compounds is compatible with similar compounds in literature. Electrochemical behavior of complexes has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique in aprotic media. From the cyclic voltammetric investigation, both of the complexes have demonstrated electroactive properties.
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A comparative study of the metal binding behavior of alanine based bis-thiourea isomers. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:76. [PMID: 29086858 PMCID: PMC5544659 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new symmetrical bis-thiourea, 2,2′-[{(terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)bis(carbonothioyl) bis(azanediyl)}dipropanoic acid] (1A) and 3,3′-[{(terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)bis (carbonothioyl)bis(azanediyl)} dipropanoic acid] (1B) were synthesized by the reaction of terephthaloyl chloride with α- and β-alanine in good yields. Their binding properties were investigated with various metal cations using UV–Vis titration experiments. Both isomers exhibited effective binding with Ag+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations. However, in the presence of other cations, such as Na+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sn2+, Al3+, and anions tetrabutylammonium Cl− and H2PO4−, no interaction occurred. Both isomers displayed similar trends towards binding with metal cations.
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Abstract
1,3-Diisobutyl thiourea was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It gives a monoclinic (α=γ= 90 andβ ≠90) structure with the space group P21/c. The unit cell dimensions area= 11.5131 (4) Å,b= 9.2355 (3) Å,c= 11.3093 (5) Å,α= 90°,β= 99.569° (2),γ= 90°,V= 1185.78 (8) Å3, andZ= 4. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular (N–H⋯S) hydrogen bonding in the molecules. The optimized geometry and Mullikan's charges of the said molecule calculated with the help of DFT using B3LYP-6-311G model support the crystal structure.
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