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Ye J, Suizu F, Yamakawa K, Mukai Y, Yoneyama H, Kondo J, Kato M, Nishiyama A, Yahagi N, Kadota K. Intra-tumoral administration of CHST15 siRNA remodels tumor microenvironment and augments tumor-infiltrating T cells in pancreatic cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200812. [PMID: 38799652 PMCID: PMC11127163 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The dense stroma is one cause of poor efficacy of T cell-mediated immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15) is a proteoglycan-synthetic enzyme responsible for remodeling tumor stroma. Intra-tumoral injection of CHST15 small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been shown to increase the tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) in patients with unresectable PDAC. However, the mechanism underlying the enhanced accumulation of TILs is not fully explored. Here, we demonstrate that intra-tumoral injection of CHST15 siRNA locally and remotely diminishes myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and enhances TILs in mice. CHST15 was expressed by tumor cells and MDSCs in both tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), and CHST15 siRNA repressed stromal density, neutrophil extracellular traps, and Ly6C/G+ MDSCs in vivo. Remarkably, tumor growth inhibition was only observed in the immunocompetent KPC model, which is associated with enhanced TILs. In vitro, CHST15 siRNA significantly downregulated the levels of CHST15 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mRNA in CD33+ MDSCs derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results suggest a dual role for intra-tumorally injected CHST15 siRNA on modulating the tumor immune microenvironment for T cell entry and remotely diminishing CHST15+ MDSCs, decreasing T cell suppression and expanding T cells in the TDLN, ultimately leading to an enhanced accumulation of TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ye
- Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Mukai
- Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Jiro Kondo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yahagi
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kyuichi Kadota
- Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
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Ye J, Suizu F, Yamakawa K, Mukai Y, Kato M, Yoneyama H, Yahagi N, Matsuda Y. Silencing of tumoral carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 reactivates lymph node pancreatic cancer T cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250160. [PMID: 37248998 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Limited intratumoral T-cell infiltration in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an obstacle to immunotherapy, yet the efficient approach to enhance tumor-infiltrating T cells is not fully established. Here, we show that tumor-specific knockdown of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15), a tumor stromal proteoglycan-synthetic enzyme, suppresses tumor growth in a T-cell-dependent manner in a murine model of PDAC. Silencing of tumoral CHST15 unexpectedly expanded CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor draining LN (TDLN), leading to accelerated accumulation of EdU+ proliferating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells in the tumor. RNA expression analysis indicated that tumoral CHST15 knockdown (KD) downregulated matrix remodeling-related genes, while upregulated anti-tumor T-cell activity-related genes in both tumor and TDLN. CHST15 KD significantly diminished intratumoral and TDLN Ly6C/G+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells prior to TDLN T-cell expansion, suggesting that tumoral CHST15 remotely regulated myeloid-derived suppressor cell mediated T-cell suppression in the TDLN. Our findings illustrate a novel immunotherapeutic potential of tumoral CHST15 blockage by reactivating T cells in immune suppressive TDLN of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ye
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamakawa
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Mukai
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naohisa Yahagi
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Cahyadi DD, Warita K, Takeda-Okuda N, Tamura JI, Hosaka YZ. Qualitative and quantitative analyses in sulfated glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate, during 3 T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13894. [PMID: 38054387 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) is a member of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in animal tissues. Major CS/DS subclasses, O, A, C, D, and E units, exist based on the sulfation pattern in d-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine repeating units. DS is formed when GlcA is epimerized into l-iduronic acid. Our study aimed to analyze the CS/DS profile in 3 T3-L1 cells before and after adipogenic induction. CS/DS contents, molecular weight (Mw), and sulfation pattern were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography. CS/DS synthesis- and sulfotransferase-related genes were analyzed by reverse transcription real-time PCR. CS/DS amount was significantly decreased in the differentiated (DI) group compared to the non-differentiated (ND) group, along with a lower expression of CS biosynthesis-related genes, chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 and 2, as well as chondroitin polymerizing factor. GAGs in the DI group also showed lower Mw than those of ND. Furthermore, the A unit was the major CS/DS in both groups, with a proportionally higher CS-A in the DI group. This was consistent with the expression of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 that encodes chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase, for CS-A formation. These qualitative and quantitative changes in CS/DS and CS/DS-synthases before and after adipocyte differentiation reveal valuable insights into adipocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danang Dwi Cahyadi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Division of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Naoko Takeda-Okuda
- Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Baldavira CM, Prieto TG, Machado-Rugolo J, de Miranda JT, de Oliveira LKR, Velosa APP, Teodoro WR, Ab’Saber A, Takagaki T, Capelozzi VL. Modeling extracellular matrix through histo-molecular gradient in NSCLC for clinical decisions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1042766. [PMID: 36452484 PMCID: PMC9703002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1042766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer still represents a global health problem, being the main type of tumor responsible for cancer deaths. In this context, the tumor microenvironment, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) pose as extremely relevant. Thus, this study aimed to explore the prognostic value of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt signaling, and ECM proteins expression in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with clinical stages I-IIIA. For that, we used 120 tissue sections from patients and evaluated the immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to each of these markers. We also used in silico analysis to validate our data. We found a strong expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, which reflects the differential ECM invasion process. Therefore, we also noticed a strong expression of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and collagens III and V. This suggests that, after EMT, the basal membrane (BM) enhanced the motility of invasive cells. EMT proteins were directly associated with WNT5A, and collagens III and V, which suggests that the WNT pathway drives them. On the other hand, heparan sulfate (HS) was associated with WNT3A and SPARC, while WNT1 was associated with CS. Interestingly, the association between WNT1 and Col IV suggested negative feedback of WNT1 along the BM. In our cohort, WNT3A, WNT5A, heparan sulfate and SPARC played an important role in the Cox regression model, influencing the overall survival (OS) of patients, be it directly or indirectly, with the SPARC expression stratifying the OS into two groups: 97 months for high expression; and 65 for low expression. In conclusion, the present study identified a set of proteins that may play a significant role in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients with clinical stages I-IIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Machado-Rugolo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Health Technology Assessment Center, Clinical Hospital, Medical School of São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Tomaz de Miranda
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lizandre Keren Ramos de Oliveira
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Velosa
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ab’Saber
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa Takagaki
- Division of Pneumology, Instituto do Coração (Incor), University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Habuchi O. Functions of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate containing GalNAc4,6-disulfate. Glycobiology 2022; 32:664-678. [PMID: 35552694 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) containing GalNAc4,6-disulfate (GalNAc4S6S) were initially discovered in marine animals. Following the discovery, these glycosaminoglycans have been found in various animals including human. In the biosynthesis of CS/DS containing GalNAc4S6S, three groups of sulfotransferases are involved; chondroitin 4-sulfotransferases (C4STs), dermatan 4-sulfotransferase-1 (D4ST-1) and GalNAc 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase (GalNAc4S-6ST). GalNAc4S-6ST and its products have been shown to play important roles in the abnormal pathological conditions such as central nervous system injury, cancer development, abnormal tissue fibrosis, development of osteoporosis, and infection with viruses or nematodes. CS/DS containing GalNAc4S6S has been shown to increase with the functional differentiation of mast cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Genetic approaches using knockout or knockdown of GalNAc4S-6ST, blocking of the epitopes containing GalNAc4S6S by specific antibodies and chemical technology that enabled the synthesis of oligosaccharides with defined sulfation patterns have been applied successfully to these investigations. These studies contributed significantly to the basic understanding of the functional roles of CS/DS containing GalNAc4S6S in various abnormal conditions, and appear to provide promising clues to the development of possible measures to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osami Habuchi
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Aichi University of Education, Igayacho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan
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Kumar A, Biswas A, Bojja SL, Kolathur KK, Volety SM. Emerging therapeutic role of chondroitinase (ChABC) in neurological disorders and cancer. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220331151619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Proteoglycans are essential biomacromolecules that participate in matrix structure and organization, cell proliferation and migration, and cell surface signal transduction. However, their roles in physiology, particularly in CNS remain incompletely deciphered. Numerous studies highlight the elevated levels of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in various diseases like cancers and neurological disorders like spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases, and are mainly implicated to hinder tissue repair. In such a context, chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), a therapeutic enzyme has shown immense hope to treat these diseases in several preclinical studies, primarily attributed to the digestion of the side chains of the proteoglycan chondroitin sulphate (CS) molecule. Despite extensive research, the progress in evolving the concept of therapeutic targeting of proteoglycans is still in its infancy. This review thus provides fresh insights into the emerging therapeutic applications of ChABC in various diseases apart from SCI and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshara Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishi Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sree Lalitha Bojja
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Kolathur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Subrahmanyam M Volety
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Wang W, Shi L, Qin Y, Li F. Research and Application of Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:560442. [PMID: 33425887 PMCID: PMC7793863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.560442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) are widely distributed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix in the form of proteoglycan, where they participate in various biological processes. The diverse functions of CS/DS can be mainly attributed to their high structural variability. However, their structural complexity creates a big challenge for structural and functional studies of CS/DS. CS/DS-degrading enzymes with different specific activities are irreplaceable tools that could be used to solve this problem. Depending on the site of action, CS/DS-degrading enzymes can be classified as glycosidic bond-cleaving enzymes and sulfatases from animals and microorganisms. As discussed in this review, a few of the identified enzymes, particularly those from bacteria, have wildly applied to the basic studies and applications of CS/DS, such as disaccharide composition analysis, the preparation of bioactive oligosaccharides, oligosaccharide sequencing, and potential medical application, but these do not fulfill all of the needs in terms of the structural complexity of CS/DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liran Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Behrens A, Jousheghany F, Yao-Borengasser A, Siegel ER, Kieber-Emmons T, Monzavi-Karbassi B. Carbohydrate (Chondroitin 4) Sulfotransferase-11-Mediated Induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Generation of Cancer Stem Cells. Pharmacology 2020; 105:246-259. [PMID: 32344408 DOI: 10.1159/000506710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that the expression of carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 (CHST11) is elevated in human breast cancer tissues, and that its expression in human breast cancer cell lines is associated with aggressive behavior of cells. The clinical significance of CHST11 expression is unknown, and its function in breast cancer cells is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The current study was performed to define the clinical significance of this gene and address its biological function in promoting the aggressive behavior of breast cancer cells. METHODS Publicly available datasets were analyzed to determine the correlation of CHST11 expression with breast cancer survival. MCF-7 cells were transfected with the human CHST11 gene, and MCF-7-CHST11 cells with stable expression of the gene were established. Morphology and metastatic capacity of transfected cells were monitored in vitro. E-cadherin and β-catenin expression was compared by immunofluorescence. The expression of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and pluripotency was determined using real-time PCR. The Wnt inhibitor, Wnt-C59, was used to examine the involvement of Wnt in CHST11-mediated morphology. RESULTS The elevated expression of CHST11 in breast tumor specimens was significantly associated with poor survival among patients. MCF-7-CHST11 cells displayed morphological characteristics consistent with EMT, together with a significantly higher proliferation rate, enhanced migratory potential, and more robust anchorage-independent growth. MCF-7-CHST11 cells showed decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased accumulation of β-catenin, as assessed by immunofluorescence. Consistently, increased expression of CHST11 resulted in upregulation of key EMT and stem cell markers. Morphological transition in MCF-7-CHST11 cells was partially reversed by co-incubation with an inhibitor of the Wnt pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a role for CHST11 in induction of EMT and stem cell-like properties. Our data also associate the expression levels of CHST11 in breast tumor specimens with patients' survival. The results have a significant implication for CHST11 expression level as a novel molecular signature for predictive and prognostic purposes in breast cancer. Moreover, with a possible role in driving tumor cell aggressiveness, CHST11 expression might be further considered as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Behrens
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Fariba Jousheghany
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Aiwei Yao-Borengasser
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA, .,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA,
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Mizumoto S. [Hereditary Skeletal and Skin Disorders Caused by Defects in the Biosynthesis of Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate, and Molecular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Metastasis]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:1495-1500. [PMID: 31787635 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The roles of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) have been demonstrated in various biological events such as the construction of the extracellular matrix, tissue development, and cell signaling through interactions with extracellular matrix components, morphogens, and growth factors. Human genetic diseases, including skeletal abnormalities, connective tissue diseases, and heart defects, were reported to be caused by mutations in the genes encoding glycosyltransferases, epimerases, and sulfotransferases that are responsible for the biosynthesis of CS and DS. Glycobiological approaches revealed that mutations in CS- and DS-biosynthetic enzymes led to reductions in their enzymatic activities and in the levels of CS and DS. Furthermore, CS at the surface of tumor cells plays a key role in pulmonary metastasis. A receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) was predominantly expressed in the lung, and was identified as a functional receptor for CS chains. CS and anti-RAGE antibodies inhibited the pulmonary metastasis of not only Lewis lung carcinoma but also B16 melanoma cells. Hence, RAGE and CS are potential targets of drug discovery for pulmonary metastasis and a number of other pathological conditions involving RAGE in the pathogenetic mechanism. This review provides an overview of glycobiological studies on characterized genetic disorders caused by the impaired biosynthesis of CS, as well as DS, and on the pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells involving CS and RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
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Wang X, Cheng G, Zhang T, Deng L, Xu K, Xu X, Wang W, Zhou Z, Feng Q, Chen D, Bi N, Wang L. CHST15 promotes the proliferation of TE‑1 cells via multiple pathways in esophageal cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:75-86. [PMID: 31746400 PMCID: PMC6908928 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common type of esophageal cancer and is prevalent worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms underlying its formation and the search for more effective therapeutic strategies are critical due to the occurrence of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. The aim of the present study was to determine the functional relevance and therapeutic potential of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15) in ESCC. CHST15 levels were measured in different ESCC cell lines and evaluated in ESCC tissues using tissue chip immunohistochemistry. Cell growth and apoptosis assays, 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, and clonogenic assays were conducted using TE‑1 cells and lenti‑shCHST15 virus constructs were used to investigate the function of CHST15 in cell proliferation and apoptosis. mRNA microarray analysis was performed to determine the underlying mechanism of CHST15 regulation in TE‑1 cell proliferation and apoptosis. The results showed that knockdown of CHST15 inhibited TE‑1 cell growth and proliferation, but induced cell apoptosis. CHST15 was more frequently detected in ESCC tissue compared with that in normal esophageal tissue. Microarray data analysis indicated that the inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of cell apoptosis in CHST15‑knockdown cells may be caused by altered CHST15/ILKAP/CCND1 and CHST15/RABL6/PMAIP1 signaling axes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huanxing Tumor Hospital, Beijing 100023, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Kunpeng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Zongmei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Qinfu Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Dongfu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Luhua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
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Pudełko A, Wisowski G, Olczyk K, Koźma EM. The dual role of the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin-6-sulfate in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. FEBS J 2019; 286:1815-1837. [PMID: 30637950 PMCID: PMC6850286 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable structural heterogeneity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) generates biological information that can be unique to each of these glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and changes in their composition are translated into alterations in the binding profiles of these molecules. CS/DS can bind to various cytokines and growth factors, cell surface receptors, adhesion molecules, enzymes and fibrillar glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix, thereby influencing both cell behavior and the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the matrix. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning CS/DS metabolism in the human cancer stroma. The remodeling of the GAG profile in the tumor niche is manifested as a substantial increase in the CS content and a gradual decrease in the proportion between DS and CS. Furthermore, the composition of CS and DS is also affected, which results in a substantial increase in the 6‐O‐sulfated and/or unsulfated disaccharide content, which is concomitant with a decrease in the 4‐O‐sulfation level. Here, we discuss the possible impact of alterations in the CS/DS sulfation pattern on the binding capacity and specificity of these GAGs. Moreover, we propose potential consequences of the stromal accumulation of chondroitin‐6‐sulfate for the progression and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pudełko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wisowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Chemical synthesis of 4-azido-β-galactosamine derivatives for inhibitors of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:477-491. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Changes in the Extracellular Matrix Are Associated With the Development of Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma Into High-Grade Serous Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 27:1072-1081. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe identification of a marker for early progression of preinvasive lesions into invasive pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) may provide novel handles for innovative screening and prevention strategies. The interplay between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the main principles in cancer development and growth, but has been largely neglected in preinvasive lesions. This is the first study addressing the involvement of the ECM in the “step-by-step” transition of normal fallopian tube epithelium into preinvasive lesions, and eventually the progression of preinvasive lesions into invasive HGSC.MethodsThe expression of highly sulfated chondroitin sulfate (CS-E), a characteristic glycosaminoglycan of the cancer-associated ECM, was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of precursor lesions of the full spectrum of HGSC development, including 97 serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs), 27 serous tubal intraepithelial lesions, and 24 p53 signatures. In addition, the immunological reactivity in the microenvironment was evaluated.ResultsIncreased stromal expression of highly sulfated CS-E was observed in 3.7%, 57.7%, and 90.6% of serous tubal intraepithelial lesions, STICs, and invasive HGSCs, respectively (P < 0.001). No or limited expression was found in p53 signatures and normal tubal epithelium (compared with STIC, P < 0.001). A gradual increase in the amount of CS-E expression between STIC and paired HGSC was demonstrated. Intense stromal CS-E expression in STIC was significantly associated with an immune infiltrate (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study showed that increased stromal CS-E expression is related to the degree of the tubal epithelium abnormality. Specific alterations in the ECM (ie, CS-E expression) occur early in pelvic HGSC development and may represent a novel biomarker of early cancer progression, useful for the identification of novel clinical strategies.
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Ito Z, Takakura K, Suka M, Kanai T, Saito R, Fujioka S, Kajihara M, Yanagisawa H, Misawa T, Akiba T, Koido S, Ohkusa T. Prognostic impact of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4799-4805. [PMID: 28599481 PMCID: PMC5453115 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) typically succumb to mortality early, even following surgical resection. Therefore, prognostic factors associated with early mortality are required to improve the survival of patients with PDA following surgical resection. Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15) is responsible for the biosynthesis of sulfated chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E), which serves a pivotal function in cancer progression by cleaving CD44. CHST15 and CD44 expression in PDA tissue were assessed as a prognostic factor in patients with PDA following surgical resection. A total of 36 consecutive patients with PDA were enrolled following surgical resection between January 2008 and December 2014. The intensities of CHST15 and CD44 expression were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The recurrence period was significantly earlier in the strong CHST15 expression group compared with the negative-to-moderate CHST15 expression group. Overall survival (OS) was also significantly decreased in the strong CHST15 expression group compared with the negative-to-moderate CHST15 expression group. Multivariate analysis also indicated significant associations between CHST15 overexpression and disease-free survival (DFS) and OS. However, expression of CD44 in PDA tissue was not associated with DFS or OS. The present study has demonstrated for the first time that high CHST15 expression in PDA tissue may represent a potential predictive marker of DFS and OS in patients with PDA following surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zensho Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takakura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Machi Suka
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujioka
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Mikio Kajihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Misawa
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Tadashi Akiba
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ohkusa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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Nikolovska K, Spillmann D, Haier J, Ladányi A, Stock C, Seidler DG. Melanoma Cell Adhesion and Migration Is Modulated by the Uronyl 2-O Sulfotransferase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170054. [PMID: 28107390 PMCID: PMC5249195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of melanomas are characterized by a high metastatic potential, if detected early, melanoma can have a good prognostic outcome. However, once metastasised, the prognosis is bleak. We showed previously that uronyl-2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) and 2-O sulfation of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) are involved in cell migration. To demonstrate an impact of 2-O sulfation in metastasis we knocked-down Ust in mouse melanoma cells. This significantly reduced the amount of Ust protein and enzyme activity. Furthermore, in vitro cell motility and adhesion were significantly reduced correlating with the decrease of cellular Ust protein. Single cell migration of B16VshUst(16) cells showed a decreased cell movement phenotype. The adhesion of B16V cells to fibronectin depended on α5β1 but not αvβ3 integrin. Inhibition of glycosaminoglycan sulfation or blocking fibroblast growth factor receptor (FgfR) reduced α5 integrin in B16V cell lines. Interestingly, FgfR1 expression and activation was reduced in Ust knock-down cells. In vivo, pulmonary metastasis of B16VshUst cells was prevented due to a reduction of α5 integrin. As a proof of concept UST knock-down in human melanoma cells also showed a reduction in ITGa5 and adhesion. This is the first study showing that Ust, and consequently 2-O sulfation of the low affinity receptor for FgfR CS/DS, reduces Itga5 and leads to an impaired adhesion and migration of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nikolovska
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothe Spillmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörg Haier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Münster, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Stock
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela G. Seidler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Silencing of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 Hinders Murine Pulmonary Fibrosis Development. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 6:163-172. [PMID: 28325283 PMCID: PMC5363499 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disorder characterized by interstitial fibrosis, for which no effective treatments are available. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) has been shown to be a mediator, but the specific component of glycosaminoglycan chains of CSPG has not been explored. We show that chondroitin sulfate E-type (CS-E) is involved in fibrogenesis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15) was designed to inhibit CHST15 mRNA and its product, CS-E. CS-E augments cell contraction and CHST15 siRNA inhibits collagen production. We found that bleomycin treatment increased CHST15 expression in interstitial fibroblasts at day 14. CHST15 siRNA was injected intranasally on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, and CHST15 mRNA was significantly suppressed by day 14. CHST15 siRNA reduced lung CSPG and the grade of fibrosis. CHST15 siRNA repressed the activation of fibroblasts, as evidenced by suppressed expression of α smooth muscle actin (αSMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2), and CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Inflammatory infiltrates in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and interstitium were diminished by CHST15 siRNA. These results indicate a pivotal role for CHST15 in fibroblast-mediated lung fibrosis and suggest a possible new therapeutic role for CHST15 siRNA in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Growth of Pancreatic Cancer by Silencing of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 In Vitro and in a Xenograft Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142981. [PMID: 26642349 PMCID: PMC4671730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E), a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is known to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Because the presence of CS-E is detected in both tumor and stromal cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), multistage involvement of CS-E in the development of PDAC has been considered. However, its involvement in the early stage of PDAC progression is still not fully understood. In this study, to clarify the direct role of CS-E in tumor, but not stromal, cells of PDAC, we focused on carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15), a specific enzyme that biosynthesizes CS-E, and investigated the effects of the CHST15 siRNA on tumor cell proliferation in vitro and growth in vivo. CHST15 mRNA is highly expressed in the human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, Capan-1 and Capan-2. CHST15 siRNA significantly inhibited the expression of CHST15 mRNA in these four cells in vitro. Silencing of the CHST15 gene in the cells was associated with significant reduction of proliferation and up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor-related gene p21CIP1/WAF1. In a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of PANC-1 in nude mice, a single intratumoral injection of CHST15 siRNA almost completely suppressed tumor growth. Reduced CHST15 protein signals associated with tumor necrosis were observed with the treatment with CHST15 siRNA. These results provide evidence of the direct action of CHST15 on the proliferation of pancreatic tumor cells partly through the p21CIP1/WAF1 pathway. Thus, CHST15-CS-E axis-mediated tumor cell proliferation could be a novel therapeutic target in the early stage of PDAC progression.
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18
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Molecular interactions between chondroitin-dermatan sulfate and growth factors/receptors/matrix proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 34:35-42. [PMID: 26164146 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent functional studies on chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate (CS-DS) demonstrated its indispensable roles in various biological events including brain development and cancer. CS-DS proteoglycans exert their physiological activity through interactions with specific proteins including growth factors, cell surface receptors, and matrix proteins. The characterization of these interactions is essential for regulating the biological functions of CS-DS proteoglycans. Although amino acid sequences on the bioactive proteins required for these interactions have already been elucidated, the specific saccharide sequences involved in the binding of CS-DS to target proteins have not yet been sufficiently identified. In this review, recent findings are described on the interaction between CS-DS and some proteins which are especially involved in the central nervous system and cancer development/metastasis.
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19
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Rowlands D, Sugahara K, Kwok JCF. Glycosaminoglycans and glycomimetics in the central nervous system. Molecules 2015; 20:3527-48. [PMID: 25706756 PMCID: PMC6272379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in the construction of synthetic glycans, selective targeting of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a potential treatment for a wide range of diseases has become increasingly popular. The use of compounds that mimic the structure or bioactive function of carbohydrate structures has been termed glycomimetics. These compounds are mostly synthetic glycans or glycan-binding constructs which manipulate cellular interactions. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are major components of the ECM and exist as a diverse array of differentially sulphated disaccharide units. In the central nervous system (CNS), they are expressed by both neurons and glia and are crucial for brain development and brain homeostasis. The inherent diversity of GAGs make them an essential biological tool for regulating a complex range of cellular processes such as plasticity, cell interactions and inflammation. They are also involved in the pathologies of various neurological disorders, such as glial scar formation and psychiatric illnesses. It is this diversity of functions and potential for selective interventions which makes GAGs a tempting target. In this review, we shall describe the molecular make-up of GAGs and their incorporation into the ECM of the CNS. We shall highlight the different glycomimetic strategies that are currently being used in the nervous system. Finally, we shall discuss some possible targets in neurological disorders that may be addressed using glycomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dáire Rowlands
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics Research Group, Graduate School of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
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20
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Iida J, Dorchak J, Clancy R, Slavik J, Ellsworth R, Katagiri Y, Pugacheva EN, van Kuppevelt TH, Mural RJ, Cutler ML, Shriver CD. Role for chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan in NEDD9-mediated breast cancer cell growth. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:358-370. [PMID: 25445787 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are lines of evidence demonstrating that NEDD9 (Cas-L, HEF-1) plays a key role in the development, progression, and metastasis of breast cancer cells. We previously reported that NEDD9 plays a critical role for promoting migration and growth of MDA-MB-231. In order to further characterize the mechanisms of NEDD9-mediated cancer migration and growth, stable cells overexpressing NEDD9 were generated using HCC38 as a parental cell line which expresses low level of endogenous NEDD9. Microarray studies demonstrated that core proteins of CD44 and Serglycin were markedly upregulated in HCC38(NEDD9) cells compared to HCC38(Vector) cells, while those of Syndecan-1, Syndecan-2, and Versican were downregulated in HCC38(NEDD9). Importantly, enzymes generating chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS) such as CHST11, CHST15, and CSGALNACT1 were upregulated in HCC38(NEDD9) compared to HCC38(Vector). Immunofluorescence studies using specific antibody, GD3G7, confirmed the enhanced expression of CS-E subunit in HCC38(NEDD9). Immunoprecipitation and western blotting analysis demonstrated that CS-E was attached to CD44 core protein. We demonstrated that removing CS by chondroitinase ABC significantly inhibited anchorage-independent colony formation of HCC38(NEDD9) in methylcellulose. Importantly, the fact that GD3G7 significantly inhibited colony formation of HCC38(NEDD9) cells suggests that CS-E subunit plays a key role in this process. Furthermore, treatment of HCC38(NEDD9) cells with chondroitinase ABC or GD3G7 significantly inhibited mammosphere formation. Exogenous addition of CS-E enhanced colony formation and mammosphere formation of HCC38 parental and HCC38(Vector) cells. These results suggest that NEDD9 regulates the synthesis and expression of tumor associated glycocalyx structures including CS-E, which plays a key role in promoting and regulating breast cancer progression and metastasis and possibly stem cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Iida
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA.
| | - Jesse Dorchak
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Rebecca Clancy
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Juliana Slavik
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Rachel Ellsworth
- Clinical Breast Care Project, Henry M, Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Katagiri
- Developmental Neurobiology Section, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena N Pugacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Mural
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | - Mary Lou Cutler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Department of Surgery, Walter-Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Vallen MJE, Schmidt S, Oosterhof A, Bulten J, Massuger LFAG, van Kuppevelt TH. Primary ovarian carcinomas and abdominal metastasis contain 4,6-disulfated chondroitin sulfate rich regions, which provide adhesive properties to tumour cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111806. [PMID: 25372710 PMCID: PMC4221137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High mortality in ovarian cancer patients is primarily caused through rapid metastasis of the tumour, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Glycosaminoglycans, are abundantly present in tumours and chondroitin sulfate-E (CSE), a highly 4,6-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, has been indicated to play a role in carcinogenesis. In this study we investigated the presence of CSE in ovarian cancer metastasis and studied its role in tumour cell adhesiveness and migration. CSE was studied immunohistochemically in primary ovarian carcinomas and abdominal metastases using the single chain antibody GD3G7. The role of CSE was studied in 2D (scratch assays) and 3D (collagen matrices, spheroids) systems using SKOV3 cells applying 1: overexpression of CSE by stable transfection with DNA encoding GalNAc4S-6 sulfotransferase, 2: enzymatic removal of CS, and 3: addition of CSE. In ovarian cancer tissue, CSE expression was predominantly seen in the stromal compartment of both primary ovarian carcinomas and metastases, with a comparable degree of intensity and extent. Overexpression of CSE disaccharide units by tumour cells increased their adhesive properties which was especially seen in tumour spheroid formation. Increased expression of CSE reduced cell migration. Addition of free CSE had similar effects. The data presented here indicate that CSE is associated with metastatic lesions and that it provides tumours with adhesive properties. CSE rich motifs are put forward as a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrtille J. E. Vallen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Samuel Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Oosterhof
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bulten
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon F. A. G. Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Vallen MJ, van der Steen SC, van Tilborg AA, Massuger LF, van Kuppevelt TH. Sulfated sugars in the extracellular matrix orchestrate ovarian cancer development: ‘When sweet turns sour’. Gynecol Oncol 2014; 135:371-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Pantazaka E, Papadimitriou E. Chondroitin sulfate-cell membrane effectors as regulators of growth factor-mediated vascular and cancer cell migration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2643-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mannello F, Maccari F, Ligi D, Canale M, Galeotti F, Volpi N. Characterization of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate rich in 4,6-O-disulfated disaccharides in breast cyst fluids collected from human breast gross cysts. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:344-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Unit of Cell Biology; “Carlo Bo” University; Urbino Italy
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Daniela Ligi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Unit of Cell Biology; “Carlo Bo” University; Urbino Italy
| | - Matteo Canale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Unit of Cell Biology; “Carlo Bo” University; Urbino Italy
| | - Fabio Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
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Mikami T, Kitagawa H. Biosynthesis and function of chondroitin sulfate. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4719-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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