1
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Vankova P, Pacheco-Garcia JL, Loginov DS, Gómez-Mulas A, Kádek A, Martín-Garcia JM, Salido E, Man P, Pey AL. Insights into the pathogenesis of primary hyperoxaluria type I from the structural dynamics of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase variants. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:485-499. [PMID: 38243391 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1) is caused by deficient alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) activity. PH1-causing mutations in AGT lead to protein mistargeting and aggregation. Here, we use hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) to characterize the wild-type (WT), the LM (a polymorphism frequent in PH1 patients) and the LM G170R (the most common mutation in PH1) variants of AGT. We provide the first experimental analysis of AGT structural dynamics, showing that stability is heterogeneous in the native state and providing a blueprint for frustrated regions with potentially functional relevance. The LM and LM G170R variants only show local destabilization. Enzymatic transamination of the pyridoxal 5-phosphate cofactor bound to AGT hardly affects stability. Our study, thus, supports that AGT misfolding is not caused by dramatic effects on structural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Vankova
- Institute of Biotechnology - BioCeV, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dmitry S Loginov
- Institute of Microbiology - BioCeV, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alan Kádek
- Institute of Microbiology - BioCeV, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - José Manuel Martín-Garcia
- Department of Crystallography & Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology - BioCeV, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Angel L Pey
- Departamento de Química Física, Unidad de Excelencia en Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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2
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Chmiel JA, Stuivenberg GA, Al KF, Akouris PP, Razvi H, Burton JP, Bjazevic J. Vitamins as regulators of calcium-containing kidney stones - new perspectives on the role of the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:615-637. [PMID: 37161031 PMCID: PMC10169205 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the role of specific vitamins (B6, C and D) in stone formation exists, but no consensus has been reached on how these vitamins influence stone disease. As a consequence of emerging research on the role of the gut microbiota in urolithiasis, previous notions on the contribution of these vitamins to urolithiasis are being reconsidered in the field, and investigation into previously overlooked vitamins (A, E and K) was expanded. Understanding how the microbiota influences host vitamin regulation could help to determine the role of vitamins in stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerrit A Stuivenberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kait F Al
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polycronis P Akouris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bjazevic
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Breeggemann MC, Gluck SL, Stoller ML, Lee MM. A Case Report of Kidney-Only Transplantation in Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1: A Novel Approach with the Use of Nedosiran. Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2023; 13:63-69. [PMID: 37497389 PMCID: PMC10368091 DOI: 10.1159/000531053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a group of diseases characterized by kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, and chronic kidney disease. At stages of advanced kidney disease, glomerular filtration of oxalate becomes insufficient, plasma levels increase, and tissue deposition may occur. Hemodialysis is often unable to overcome the excess hepatic oxalate production. The current surgical management of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is combined liver kidney transplantation. In a subset of PH1 patients who respond to pyridoxine, kidney-only transplantation has been successfully performed. Recently, kidney-only transplantation has also been performed in PH1 patients receiving a small interfering RNA therapy called lumasiran. This drug targets the hepatic overproduction of oxalate, making kidney-only transplantation a potentially practical novel approach for managing PH1 patients with advanced kidney disease. It is unknown if similar effects could be seen with a different small interfering RNA agent called nedosiran. This article will briefly review PH1, describe the small interfering RNA therapies being used to treat PH, summarize the reported cases of kidney-only transplantation performed with lumasiran, and detail a case of kidney-only transplantation performed in a PH1 patient receiving nedosiran.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen L. Gluck
- Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marshall L. Stoller
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marsha M. Lee
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Phosphorylation of Thr9 Affects the Folding Landscape of the N-Terminal Segment of Human AGT Enhancing Protein Aggregation of Disease-Causing Mutants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248762. [PMID: 36557898 PMCID: PMC9786777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mutations G170R and I244T are the most common disease cause in primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1). These mutations cause the misfolding of the AGT protein in the minor allele AGT-LM that contains the P11L polymorphism, which may affect the folding of the N-terminal segment (NTT-AGT). The NTT-AGT is phosphorylated at T9, although the role of this event in PH1 is unknown. In this work, phosphorylation of T9 was mimicked by introducing the T9E mutation in the NTT-AGT peptide and the full-length protein. The NTT-AGT conformational landscape was studied by circular dichroism, NMR, and statistical mechanical methods. Functional and stability effects on the full-length AGT protein were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The T9E and P11L mutations together reshaped the conformational landscape of the isolated NTT-AGT peptide by stabilizing ordered conformations. In the context of the full-length AGT protein, the T9E mutation had no effect on the overall AGT function or conformation, but enhanced aggregation of the minor allele (LM) protein and synergized with the mutations G170R and I244T. Our findings indicate that phosphorylation of T9 may affect the conformation of the NTT-AGT and synergize with PH1-causing mutations to promote aggregation in a genotype-specific manner. Phosphorylation should be considered a novel regulatory mechanism in PH1 pathogenesis.
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5
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Three Tesla magnetic resonance imaging detects oxalate osteopathy in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type I. Pediatr Nephrol 2022:10.1007/s00467-022-05836-3. [PMID: 36472654 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With declining kidney function and therefore increasing plasma oxalate, patients with primary hyperoxaluria type I (PHI) are at risk to systemically deposit calcium-oxalate crystals. This systemic oxalosis may occur even at early stages of chronic kidney failure (CKD) but is difficult to detect with non-invasive imaging procedures. METHODS We tested if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive to detect oxalate deposition in bone. A 3 Tesla MRI of the left knee/tibial metaphysis was performed in 46 patients with PHI and in 12 healthy controls. In addition to the investigator's interpretation, signal intensities (SI) within a region of interest (ROI, transverse images below the level of the physis in the proximal tibial metaphysis) were measured pixelwise, and statistical parameters of their distribution were calculated. In addition, 52 parameters of texture analysis were evaluated. Plasma oxalate and CKD status were correlated to MRI findings. MRI was then implemented in routine practice. RESULTS Independent interpretation by investigators was consistent in most cases and clearly differentiated patients from controls. Statistically significant differences were seen between patients and controls (p < 0.05). No correlation/relation between the MRI parameters and CKD stages or Pox levels was found. However, MR imaging of oxalate osteopathy revealed changes attributed to clinical status which differed clearly to that in secondary hyperparathyroidism. CONCLUSIONS MRI is able to visually detect (early) oxalate osteopathy in PHI. It can be used for its monitoring and is distinguished from renal osteodystrophy. In the future, machine learning algorithms may aid in the objective assessment of oxalate deposition in bone. Graphical Abstract A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Gatticchi L, Grottelli S, Ambrosini G, Pampalone G, Gualtieri O, Dando I, Bellezza I, Cellini B. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of AGXT1 in HepG2 cells as a new in vitro model of Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1. Biochimie 2022; 202:110-122. [PMID: 35964771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AGXT1 encodes alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT1), a liver peroxisomal pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent-enzyme whose deficit causes Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 (PH1). PH1 is a rare disease characterized by overproduction of oxalate, first leading to kidney stones formation, and possibly evolving to life-threatening systemic oxalosis. A minority of PH1 patients is responsive to pyridoxine, while the option for non-responders is liver-kidney transplantation. Therefore, huge efforts are currently focused on the identification of new therapies, including the promising approaches based on RNA silencing recently approved. Many PH1-associated mutations are missense and lead to a variety of kinetic and/or folding defects on AGT1. In this context, the availability of a reliable in vitro disease model would be essential to better understand the phenotype of known or newly-identified pathogenic variants as well as to test novel drug candidates. Here, we took advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to specifically knock-out AGXT1 in HepG2 cells, a hepatoma-derived cell model exhibiting a conserved glyoxylate metabolism. AGXT1-KO HepG2 displayed null AGT1 expression and significantly reduced transaminase activity leading to an enhanced secretion of oxalate upon glycolate challenge. Known pathogenic AGT1 variants expressed in AGXT1-KO HepG2 cells showed alteration in both protein levels and specific transaminase activity, as well as a partial mitochondrial mistargeting when associated with a common polymorphism. Notably, pyridoxine treatment was able to partially rescue activity and localization of clinically-responsive variants. Overall, our data validate AGXT1-KO HepG2 cells as a novel cellular model to investigate PH1 pathophysiology, and as a platform for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gatticchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Gioena Pampalone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ottavia Gualtieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Physiology and Biochemistry Section, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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7
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Grottelli S, Annunziato G, Pampalone G, Pieroni M, Dindo M, Ferlenghi F, Costantino G, Cellini B. Identification of Human Alanine-Glyoxylate Aminotransferase Ligands as Pharmacological Chaperones for Variants Associated with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9718-9734. [PMID: 35830169 PMCID: PMC9340776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1) is a rare kidney disease
due
to the deficit of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent
enzyme responsible for liver glyoxylate detoxification, which in turn
prevents oxalate formation and precipitation as kidney stones. Many
PH1-associated missense mutations cause AGT misfolding. Therefore,
the use of pharmacological chaperones (PCs), small molecules that
promote correct folding, represents a useful therapeutic option. To
identify ligands acting as PCs for AGT, we first performed a small
screening of commercially available compounds. We tested each molecule
by a dual approach aimed at defining the inhibition potency on purified
proteins and the chaperone activity in cells expressing a misfolded
variant associated with PH1. We then performed a chemical optimization
campaign and tested the resulting synthetic molecules using the same
approach. Overall, the results allowed us to identify a promising
hit compound for AGT and draw conclusions about the requirements for
optimal PC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giannamaria Annunziato
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gioena Pampalone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Pieroni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mirco Dindo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferlenghi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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8
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Dindo M, Pascarelli S, Chiasserini D, Grottelli S, Costantini C, Uechi G, Giardina G, Laurino P, Cellini B. Structural dynamics shape the fitness window of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4303. [PMID: 35481644 PMCID: PMC8996469 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The conformational landscape of a protein is constantly expanded by genetic variations that have a minimal impact on the function(s) while causing subtle effects on protein structure. The wider the conformational space sampled by these variants, the higher the probabilities to adapt to changes in environmental conditions. However, the probability that a single mutation may result in a pathogenic phenotype also increases. Here we present a paradigmatic example of how protein evolution balances structural stability and dynamics to maximize protein adaptability and preserve protein fitness. We took advantage of known genetic variations of human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT1), which is present as a common major allelic form (AGT-Ma) and a minor polymorphic form (AGT-Mi) expressed in 20% of Caucasian population. By integrating crystallographic studies and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that AGT-Ma is endowed with structurally unstable (frustrated) regions, which become disordered in AGT-Mi. An in-depth biochemical characterization of variants from an anticonsensus library, encompassing the frustrated regions, correlates this plasticity to a fitness window defined by AGT-Ma and AGT-Mi. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation analysis suggests that structural frustration in AGT1 could favor additional functions related to protein-protein interactions. These results expand our understanding of protein structural evolution by establishing that naturally occurring genetic variations tip the balance between stability and frustration to maximize the ensemble of conformations falling within a well-defined fitness window, thus expanding the adaptability potential of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Dindo
- Protein Engineering and Evolution UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
| | - Stefano Pascarelli
- Protein Engineering and Evolution UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
| | | | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Gen‐Ichiro Uechi
- Protein Engineering and Evolution UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
| | - Giorgio Giardina
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paola Laurino
- Protein Engineering and Evolution UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
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9
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Shee K, Stoller ML. Perspectives in primary hyperoxaluria - historical, current and future clinical interventions. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 19:137-146. [PMID: 34880452 PMCID: PMC8652378 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias are a devastating family of diseases leading to multisystem oxalate deposition, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and end-stage renal disease. Traditional treatment paradigms are limited to conservative management, dialysis and combined transplantation of the kidney and liver, of which the liver is the primary source of oxalate production. However, transplantation is associated with many potential complications, including operative risks, graft rejection, post-transplant organ failure, as well as lifelong immunosuppressive medications and their adverse effects. New therapeutics being developed for primary hyperoxalurias take advantage of biochemical knowledge about oxalate synthesis and metabolism, and seek to specifically target these pathways with the goal of decreasing the accumulation and deposition of oxalate in the body. Primary hyperoxalurias are a devastating family of diseases that eventually lead to end-stage renal disease. In this Review, Shee and Stoller discuss current treatment paradigms for primary hyperoxalurias, new therapeutics and their mechanisms of action, and future directions for novel research in the field. Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a devastating family of rare, autosomal-recessive genetic disorders that lead to multisystem oxalate deposition, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and end-stage renal disease. Traditional treatment paradigms are limited to conservative management, dialysis and inevitably transplantation of the kidney and liver, which is associated with high morbidity and the need for lifelong immunosuppression. New therapeutics being developed for PHs take advantage of biochemical knowledge about oxalate synthesis and metabolism to specifically target these pathways, with the goal of decreasing the accumulation and deposition of plasma oxalate in the body. New therapeutics can be divided into classes, and include substrate reduction therapy, intestinal oxalate degradation, chaperone therapy, enzyme restoration therapy and targeting of the inflammasome. Lumasiran, a mRNA therapeutic targeting glycolate oxidase, was the first primary hyperoxaluria-specific therapeutic approved by the European Medicines Agency and the FDA in 2020. Future work includes further clinical trials for promising therapeutics in the pipeline, identification of biomarkers of response to PH-directed therapy, optimization of drug development and delivery of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shee
- Department of Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Dindo M, Ambrosini G, Oppici E, Pey AL, O’Toole PJ, Marrison JL, Morrison IEG, Butturini E, Grottelli S, Costantini C, Cellini B. Dimerization Drives Proper Folding of Human Alanine:Glyoxylate Aminotransferase But Is Dispensable for Peroxisomal Targeting. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040273. [PMID: 33917320 PMCID: PMC8067440 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal matrix proteins are transported into peroxisomes in a fully-folded state, but whether multimeric proteins are imported as monomers or oligomers is still disputed. Here, we used alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), a homodimeric pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, whose deficit causes primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1), as a model protein and compared the intracellular behavior and peroxisomal import of native dimeric and artificial monomeric forms. Monomerization strongly reduces AGT intracellular stability and increases its aggregation/degradation propensity. In addition, monomers are partly retained in the cytosol. To assess possible differences in import kinetics, we engineered AGT to allow binding of a membrane-permeable dye and followed its intracellular trafficking without interfering with its biochemical properties. By fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we measured the import rate in live cells. Dimeric and monomeric AGT displayed a similar import rate, suggesting that the oligomeric state per se does not influence import kinetics. However, when dimerization is compromised, monomers are prone to misfolding events that can prevent peroxisomal import, a finding crucial to predicting the consequences of PH1-causing mutations that destabilize the dimer. Treatment with pyridoxine of cells expressing monomeric AGT promotes dimerization and folding, thus, demonstrating the chaperone role of PLP. Our data support a model in which dimerization represents a potential key checkpoint in the cytosol at the crossroad between misfolding and correct targeting, a possible general mechanism for other oligomeric peroxisomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Dindo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisa Oppici
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.)
| | - Angel L. Pey
- Departamento de Química Física, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente e Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Peter J. O’Toole
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO23 3GE, UK; (P.J.O.); (J.L.M.); (I.E.G.M.)
| | - Joanne L. Marrison
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO23 3GE, UK; (P.J.O.); (J.L.M.); (I.E.G.M.)
| | - Ian E. G. Morrison
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO23 3GE, UK; (P.J.O.); (J.L.M.); (I.E.G.M.)
| | - Elena Butturini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.A.); (E.O.); (E.B.)
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.G.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-8339
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11
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Salimi Khorshidi N, Salati AP, Keyvanshokooh S. The effects of bisphenol A on liver proteome and mucus vitellogenin in comparison to plasma as a non-invasive biomarker in immature Siberian sturgeons (Acipenser baerii). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100795. [PMID: 33540188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was done to evaluate the effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). As liver is the main organ in the homeostatic adjustments to stress, we used a proteomics method to address molecular response in this tissue. Also, we compared the levels of vitellogenin in plasma and mucus to propose that the last one be a non-invasive method to analyze this biomarker. The fish received 1, 10, and 100 μg g-1 week-1 BPA intraperitoneally for two weeks. The samples were taken on days 0, 7, and 14. Plasma vitellogenin level increased as the highest value was recorded in the group with 100 μg g-1 week-1 of BPA. Changes in the mucus and blood vitellogenin showed a similar pattern, suggesting that mucus could be used for evaluating the changes in blood vitellogenin. Comparative proteomics was used to determine the proteome of the liver of A. baerii in the highest dose of BPA in comparison with the control. Sixteen proteins were identified that their expression changed at least twice between the studied groups. The proteomic results showed that BPA increased the expression of proteins involved in the detoxification and metabolism, activated glycolysis, and produced necrosis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeemeh Salimi Khorshidi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Amir Parviz Salati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
| | - Saeed Keyvanshokooh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
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12
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Catarata MJ, Lourenço M, Martins MF, Frade J, Pêgo A, Cordeiro CR, Medeiros R, Ribeiro R. Pharmacogenetics of advanced lung cancer: Predictive value of functional genetic polymorphism AGXT Pro11Leu in clinical outcome? Pulmonology 2021; 27:116-123. [PMID: 33408043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AGXT gene codes for the enzyme alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase, which is involved in hepatic peroxisomal metabolism of platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. The association of genetic variant AGXT rs34116584 on the clinical outcome and response to chemotherapy of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be established. Our aim was to evaluate the association of functional AGXT gene polymorphism in NSCLC progression, considering as primary and secondary endpoint, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. METHODS Genotyping of theAGXT rs34116584 genetic polymorphism was performed by mass spectrometry on 168 DNA samples from patients with NSCLC (stages IIIA-IVB). Univariate survival analysis included the study of Kaplan-Meier curves with the Log-Rank test, while Cox regression was used as a multivariate analysis. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed shorter PFS for T carriers [HR=2.0, 95% CI, 1.4-3.0, p<0.0001] and shorter OS [HR=1.8, 95% CI, 1.1-3.0, p=0.017] globally, as well as in a subgroup of patients (n=144) treated with first line platinum-based chemotherapy [HR=2.0, 95% CI, 1.3-3.1, p=0.001] and [HR=1.8, 95% CI, 1.1-3.1, p=0.026], respectively. CONCLUSION This polymorphism seems to have an impact on NSCLC progression, opening new perspectives for its inclusion as a pharmacogenetic predictor of response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joana Catarata
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB, Biomedical Engineering Institute, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Fátima Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Frade
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alice Pêgo
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Robalo Cordeiro
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group - Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB, Biomedical Engineering Institute, University of Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Cycloserine enantiomers are reversible inhibitors of human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase: implications for Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1. Biochem J 2020; 476:3751-3768. [PMID: 31794008 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is responsible for glyoxylate detoxification in human liver and utilizes pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) as coenzyme. The deficit of AGT leads to Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I (PH1), a rare disease characterized by calcium oxalate stones deposition in the urinary tract as a consequence of glyoxylate accumulation. Most missense mutations cause AGT misfolding, as in the case of the G41R, which induces aggregation and proteolytic degradation. We have investigated the interaction of wild-type AGT and the pathogenic G41R variant with d-cycloserine (DCS, commercialized as Seromycin), a natural product used as a second-line treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and its synthetic enantiomer l-cycloserine (LCS). In contrast with evidences previously reported on other PLP-enzymes, both ligands are AGT reversible inhibitors showing inhibition constants in the micromolar range. While LCS undergoes half-transamination generating a ketimine intermediate and behaves as a classical competitive inhibitor, DCS displays a time-dependent binding mainly generating an oxime intermediate. Using a mammalian cellular model, we found that DCS, but not LCS, is able to promote the correct folding of the G41R variant, as revealed by its increased specific activity and expression as a soluble protein. This effect also translates into an increased glyoxylate detoxification ability of cells expressing the variant upon treatment with DCS. Overall, our findings establish that DCS could play a role as pharmacological chaperone, thus suggesting a new line of intervention against PH1 based on a drug repositioning approach. To a widest extent, this strategy could be applied to other disease-causing mutations leading to AGT misfolding.
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14
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Cai R, Lin M, Chen Z, Lai Y, Huang X, Zhao G, Guo X, Xiong Z, Chen J, Chen H, Jiang Q, Liu S, Yang Y, Liang W, Zou M, Liu T, Chen W, Liu H, Peng J. Primary hyperoxaluria diagnosed after kidney transplantation failure: lesson from 3 case reports and literature review. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:224. [PMID: 31215412 PMCID: PMC6582561 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare inborn disorder of the metabolism of glyoxylate, which causes the hallmark production oxalate and forms insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that accumulate in the kidney and other organs. Since the manifestation of PH varies from recurrent nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and end-stage renal disease with age at onset of symptoms ranging from infancy to the sixth decade, the disease remains undiagnosed until after kidney transplantation in some cases. Case presentation Herein, we report 3 cases of PH diagnosed after kidney transplantation failure, providing the comprehensive clinical course, the ultrasonic image of renal graft and pathologic image of the biopsy, highlighting the relevance of biopsy findings and the results of molecular genetic testing. We also focus on the treatment and the unfavorable outcome of the patients. Meanwhile, we review the literature and show the additional 10 reported cases of PH diagnosed after kidney transplantation. Additionally, we discuss the progressive molecular understanding of the mechanisms involved in PH and molecular therapy. Conclusions Overall, the necessity of preoperative screening of PH in all patients even with a minor history of nephrolithiasis and the importance of proper treatment are the lessons we learn from the 3 cases, which prompt us to avoid tragedies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-019-1402-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Cai
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Minzhuang Lin
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yongtong Lai
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xianen Huang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xuekun Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zhongtang Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiang Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Minhui Zou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Wenfang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongzhou Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510330, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Weigert A, Martin-Higueras C, Hoppe B. Novel therapeutic approaches in primary hyperoxaluria. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2018; 23:349-357. [PMID: 30540923 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2018.1552940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Currently, three types of primary hyperoxaluria (PH I-III) are known, all based on different gene-mutations affecting the glyoxylate metabolism in the liver. Disease hallmark is an increased endogenous oxalate production and thus massively elevated urinary excretion of oxalate and other type-specific metabolites. Hyperoxaluria induces the formation of calcium-oxalate kidney stones and/or nephrocalcinosis. In addition to that, a chronic inflammasome activation by hyperoxaluria per se, often leads to an early deterioration of kidney function, regularly resulting in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at least in patients with type I PH. Except for vitamin B6 treatment in PH I, therapeutic regimen nowadays consists only of supportive measures, like significantly increased fluid intake and medication increasing the urinary solubility like alkaline citrate. Areas covered: Disease burden can be severe, and both clinicians and scientist are eager in finding new therapeutic approaches. The currently ongoing clinical studies and promising research in this field are reported in this paper. To present a complete overview, we searched electronic databases, like Clinical trial gov, National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed, congress reports, press releases and personal information acquired at congresses and conventions. Searches were conducted using the following medical headings: (primary) hyperoxaluria, PH, therapy, treatment and research. Expert opinion: There is light on the horizon that new treatment options will be available in due time, as there are several promising therapeutic agents currently under investigation, some being at the first levels of drug development, but some already in ongoing clinical trials (phase I-III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weigert
- a Division of Pediatric Nephrology , University Childrens Hospital, Universitatsklinikum Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Christina Martin-Higueras
- a Division of Pediatric Nephrology , University Childrens Hospital, Universitatsklinikum Bonn , Bonn , Germany.,b Institute of Experimental Immunology , University Hospital of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University , Bonn , Germany
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- a Division of Pediatric Nephrology , University Childrens Hospital, Universitatsklinikum Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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16
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Fernández-Higuero JÁ, Betancor-Fernández I, Mesa-Torres N, Muga A, Salido E, Pey AL. Structural and functional insights on the roles of molecular chaperones in the mistargeting and aggregation phenotypes associated with primary hyperoxaluria type I. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 114:119-152. [PMID: 30635080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To carry out their biological function in cells, proteins must be folded and targeted to the appropriate subcellular location. These processes are controlled by a vast collection of interacting proteins collectively known as the protein homeostasis network, in which molecular chaperones play a prominent role. Protein homeostasis can be impaired by inherited mutations leading to genetic diseases. In this chapter, we focus on a particular disease, primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), in which disease-associated mutations exacerbate protein aggregation in the cell and mistarget the peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) protein to mitochondria, in part due to native state destabilization and enhanced interaction with Hsp60, 70 and 90 chaperone systems. After a general introduction of molecular chaperones and PH1, we review our current knowledge on the structural and energetic features of PH1-causing mutants that lead to these particular pathogenic mechanisms. From this perspective, and in the context of the key role of molecular chaperones in PH1 pathogenesis, we present and discuss current and future perspectives for pharmacological treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Fernández-Higuero
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Isabel Betancor-Fernández
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Hospital Universitario de Canarias, ITB, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Noel Mesa-Torres
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Arturo Muga
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Hospital Universitario de Canarias, ITB, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Angel L Pey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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17
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Dindo M, Conter C, Oppici E, Ceccarelli V, Marinucci L, Cellini B. Molecular basis of primary hyperoxaluria: clues to innovative treatments. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:67-78. [PMID: 30430197 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are rare inherited disorders of liver glyoxylate metabolism, characterized by the abnormal production of endogenous oxalate, a metabolic end-product that is eliminated by urine. The main symptoms are related to the precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals in the urinary tract with progressive renal damage and, in the most severe form named Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I (PH1), to systemic oxalosis. The therapies currently available for PH are either poorly effective, because they address the symptoms and not the causes of the disease, or highly invasive. In the last years, advances in our understanding of the molecular bases of PH have paved the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies. They include (i) substrate-reduction therapies based on small-molecule inhibitors or the RNA interference technology, (ii) gene therapy, (iii) enzyme administration approaches, (iv) colonization with oxalate-degrading intestinal microorganisms, and, in PH1, (v) design of pharmacological chaperones. This paper reviews the basic principles of these new therapeutic strategies and what is currently known about their application to PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Dindo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carolina Conter
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Elisa Oppici
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Veronica Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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18
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Mesa-Torres N, Betancor-Fernández I, Oppici E, Cellini B, Salido E, Pey AL. Evolutionary Divergent Suppressor Mutations in Conformational Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E352. [PMID: 30011855 PMCID: PMC6071075 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral and adaptive mutations are key players in the evolutionary dynamics of proteins at molecular, cellular and organismal levels. Conversely, largely destabilizing mutations are rarely tolerated by evolution, although their occurrence in diverse human populations has important roles in the pathogenesis of conformational diseases. We have recently proposed that divergence at certain sites from the consensus (amino acid) state during mammalian evolution may have rendered some human proteins more vulnerable towards disease-associated mutations, primarily by decreasing their conformational stability. We herein extend and refine this hypothesis discussing results from phylogenetic and structural analyses, structure-based energy calculations and structure-function studies at molecular and cellular levels. As proof-of-principle, we focus on different mammalian orthologues of the NQO1 (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1) and AGT (alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase) proteins. We discuss the different loss-of-function pathogenic mechanisms associated with diseases involving the two enzymes, including enzyme inactivation, accelerated degradation, intracellular mistargeting, and aggregation. Last, we take into account the potentially higher robustness of mammalian orthologues containing certain consensus amino acids as suppressors of human disease, and their relation with different intracellular post-translational modifications and protein quality control capacities, to be discussed as sources of phenotypic variability between human and mammalian models of disease and as tools for improving current therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Mesa-Torres
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.
| | - Isabel Betancor-Fernández
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), University of La Laguna, 38320 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Elisa Oppici
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), University of La Laguna, 38320 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Angel L Pey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.
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19
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Belostotsky R, Lyakhovetsky R, Sherman MY, Shkedy F, Tzvi-Behr S, Bar R, Hoppe B, Reusch B, Beck BB, Frishberg Y. Translation inhibition corrects aberrant localization of mutant alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase: possible therapeutic approach for hyperoxaluria. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:621-630. [PMID: 29777253 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is a severe kidney stone disease caused by abnormalities of the peroxisomal alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). The most frequent mutation G170R results in aberrant mitochondrial localization of the active enzyme. To evaluate the population of peroxisome-localized AGT, we developed a quantitative Glow-AGT assay based on the self-assembly split-GFP approach and used it to identify drugs that can correct mislocalization of the mutant protein. In line with previous reports, the Glow-AGT assay showed that mitochondrial transport inhibitors DECA and monensin increased peroxisomal localization of the mutant. Here, we demonstrate that prolonged treatment with the translation elongation inhibitor emetine, a medicinal alkaloid used in treatment of amoebiasis, corrected G170R-AGT mislocalization. Furthermore, emetine reduced the augmented oxalate level in culture media of patient-derived hepatocytes bearing the G170R mutation. A distinct translation inhibitor GC7 had a similar effect on the mutant Glow-AGT relocalization indicating that mild translation inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach for primary hyperoxaluria type 1 caused by AGT misfolding/mistargeting. KEY MESSAGES • There is no effective conservative treatment to decrease oxalate production in PH1 patients. • Chemical chaperones rescue mislocalization of mutant AGT and reduce oxalate levels. • We have developed an assay for precise monitoring of the peroxisomal AGT. • Inhibition of translation by emetine reroutes the mutant protein to peroxisome. • Mild translation inhibition is a promising cure for conformational disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Belostotsky
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmuel Bait Street, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Roman Lyakhovetsky
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmuel Bait Street, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel.,Medical Scientific Unit, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Fanny Shkedy
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmuel Bait Street, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shimrit Tzvi-Behr
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmuel Bait Street, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roi Bar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmuel Bait Street, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn Reusch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yaacov Frishberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmuel Bait Street, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Rojas-Ortega E, Aguirre-López B, Reyes-Vivas H, González-Andrade M, Campero-Basaldúa JC, Pardo JP, González A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Differential Functionalization of Presumed ScALT1 and ScALT2 Alanine Transaminases Has Been Driven by Diversification of Pyridoxal Phosphate Interactions. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:944. [PMID: 29867852 PMCID: PMC5960717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae arose from an interspecies hybridization (allopolyploidiza-tion), followed by Whole Genome Duplication. Diversification analysis of ScAlt1/ScAlt2 indicated that while ScAlt1 is an alanine transaminase, ScAlt2 lost this activity, constituting an example in which one of the members of the gene pair lacks the apparent ancestral physiological role. This paper analyzes structural organization and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) binding properties of ScAlt1 and ScAlt2 indicating functional diversification could have determined loss of ScAlt2 alanine transaminase activity and thus its role in alanine metabolism. It was found that ScAlt1 and ScAlt2 are dimeric enzymes harboring 67% identity and intact conservation of the catalytic residues, with very similar structures. However, tertiary structure analysis indicated that ScAlt2 has a more open conformation than that of ScAlt1 so that under physiological conditions, while PLP interaction with ScAlt1 allows the formation of two tautomeric PLP isomers (enolimine and ketoenamine) ScAlt2 preferentially forms the ketoenamine PLP tautomer, indicating a modified polarity of the active sites which affect the interaction of PLP with these proteins, that could result in lack of alanine transaminase activity in ScAlt2. The fact that ScAlt2 forms a catalytically active Schiff base with PLP and its position in an independent clade in "sensu strictu" yeasts suggests this protein has a yet undiscovered physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erendira Rojas-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Aguirre-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Reyes-Vivas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica-Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín González-Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose C Campero-Basaldúa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan P Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Oppici E, Dindo M, Conter C, Borri Voltattorni C, Cellini B. Folding Defects Leading to Primary Hyperoxaluria. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 245:313-343. [PMID: 29071511 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is becoming one of the main mechanisms underlying inherited enzymatic deficits. This review is focused on primary hyperoxalurias, a group of disorders of glyoxylate detoxification associated with massive calcium oxalate deposition mainly in the kidneys. The most common and severe form, primary hyperoxaluria Type I, is due to the deficit of liver peroxisomal alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). Various studies performed in the last decade clearly evidence that many pathogenic missense mutations prevent the AGT correct folding, leading to various downstream effects including aggregation, increased degradation or mistargeting to mitochondria. Primary hyperoxaluria Type II and primary hyperoxaluria Type III are due to the deficit of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) and 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (HOGA1), respectively. Although the molecular features of pathogenic variants of GRHPR and HOGA1 have not been investigated in detail, the data available suggest that some of them display folding defects. Thus, primary hyperoxalurias can be ranked among protein misfolding disorders, because in most cases the enzymatic deficit is due to the inability of each enzyme to reach its native and functional conformation. It follows that molecules able to improve the folding yield of the enzymes involved in each disease form could represent new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Oppici
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mirco Dindo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Carolina Conter
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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Gámez A, Yuste-Checa P, Brasil S, Briso-Montiano Á, Desviat L, Ugarte M, Pérez-Cerdá C, Pérez B. Protein misfolding diseases: Prospects of pharmacological treatment. Clin Genet 2017; 93:450-458. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gámez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ; Madrid Spain
| | - P. Yuste-Checa
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ; Madrid Spain
| | - S. Brasil
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ; Madrid Spain
| | - Á. Briso-Montiano
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ; Madrid Spain
| | - L.R. Desviat
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ; Madrid Spain
| | - C. Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ; Madrid Spain
| | - B. Pérez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPAZ; Madrid Spain
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23
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Thermodynamics of cooperative binding of FAD to human NQO1: Implications to understanding cofactor-dependent function and stability of the flavoproteome. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 636:17-27. [PMID: 29100982 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The stability of human flavoproteins strongly depends on flavin levels, although the structural and energetic basis of this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we report an in-depth analysis on the thermodynamics of FAD binding to one of the most representative examples of such relationship, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). NQO1 is a dimeric enzyme that tightly binds FAD, which triggers large structural changes upon binding. A common cancer-associated polymorphism (P187S) severely compromises FAD binding. We show that FAD binding is described well by a thermodynamic model explicitly incorporating binding cooperativity when applied to different sets of calorimetric analyses and NQO1 variants, thus providing insight on the effects in vitro and in cells of cancer-associated P187S, its suppressor mutation H80R and the role of NQO1 C-terminal domain to modulate binding cooperativity and energetics. Furthermore, we show that FAD binding to NQO1 is very sensitive to physiologically relevant environmental conditions, such as the presence of phosphate buffer and salts. Overall, our results contribute to understanding at the molecular level the link between NQO1 stability and fluctuations of FAD levels intracellularly, and supports the notion that FAD binding energetics and cooperativity are fundamentally linked with the dynamic nature of apo-NQO1 conformational ensemble.
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24
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Martin-Higueras C, Torres A, Salido E. Molecular therapy of primary hyperoxaluria. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:481-489. [PMID: 28425073 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last few decades, the molecular understanding of the mechanisms involved in primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) has set the stage for novel therapeutic approaches. The availability of PH mouse models has facilitated preclinical studies testing innovative treatments. PHs are autosomal recessive diseases where the enzymatic deficit plays a central pathogenic role. Thus, molecular therapies aimed at restoring such deficit or limiting the consequences of the metabolic derangement could be envisioned, keeping in mind the specific challenges posed by the cell-autonomous nature of the deficiency. Various molecular approaches like enzyme replacement, substrate reduction, pharmacologic chaperones, and gene and cell therapies have been explored in cells and mouse models of disease. Some of these proof-of-concept studies have paved the way to current clinical trials on PH type 1, raising hopes that much needed treatments will become available for this severe inborn error of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martin-Higueras
- Department of Pathology & Nephrology, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Hospital Universitario Canarias, Universidad La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Armando Torres
- Department of Pathology & Nephrology, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Hospital Universitario Canarias, Universidad La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Department of Pathology & Nephrology, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Hospital Universitario Canarias, Universidad La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Department of Pathology, ULL School Medicine, 38320, Tenerife, Spain.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cellini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona (VR), Italy
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26
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Strauss SB, Waltuch T, Bivin W, Kaskel F, Levin TL. Primary hyperoxaluria: spectrum of clinical and imaging findings. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:96-103. [PMID: 27844104 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism with three known subtypes. In primary hyperoxaluria type 1, the most common of the subtypes, a deficiency in the hepatic enzymes responsible for the metabolism of glycoxylate to glycine, leads to excessive levels of glyoxylate, which is converted to oxalate. The resultant elevation in serum and urinary oxalate that characterizes primary hyperoxaluria leads to calcium oxalate crystal deposition in multiple organ systems (oxalosis). We review the genetics, pathogenesis, variable clinical presentation and course of this disease as well as its treatment. Emphasis is placed on the characteristic imaging findings before and after definitive treatment with combined liver and renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Strauss
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E. 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Temima Waltuch
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - William Bivin
- Department of Pathology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frederick Kaskel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Terry L Levin
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E. 210th Street, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
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27
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Population-specific renal proteomes of marine and freshwater three-spined sticklebacks. J Proteomics 2016; 135:112-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Oppici E, Montioli R, Dindo M, Maccari L, Porcari V, Lorenzetto A, Chellini S, Voltattorni CB, Cellini B. The Chaperoning Activity of Amino-oxyacetic Acid on Folding-Defective Variants of Human Alanine:Glyoxylate Aminotransferase Causing Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2227-36. [PMID: 26161999 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rare disease Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I (PH1) results from the deficit of liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), as a consequence of inherited mutations on the AGXT gene frequently leading to protein misfolding. Pharmacological chaperone (PC) therapy is a newly developed approach for misfolding diseases based on the use of small molecule ligands able to promote the correct folding of a mutant enzyme. In this report, we describe the interaction of amino-oxyacetic acid (AOA) with the recombinant purified form of two polymorphic species of AGT, AGT-Ma and AGT-Mi, and with three pathogenic variants bearing previously identified folding defects: G41R-Ma, G170R-Mi, and I244T-Mi. We found that for all these enzyme AOA (i) forms an oxime at the active site, (ii) behaves as a slow, tight-binding inhibitor with KI values in the nanomolar range, and (iii) increases the thermal stability. Furthermore, experiments performed in mammalian cells revealed that AOA acts as a PC by partly preventing the intracellular aggregation of G41R-Ma and by promoting the correct peroxisomal import of G170R-Mi and I244T-Mi. Based on these data, we carried out a small-scale screening campaign. We identified four AOA analogues acting as AGT inhibitors, even if only one was found to act as a PC. The possible relationship between the structure and the PC activity of these compounds is discussed. Altogether, these results provide the proof-of-principle for the feasibility of a therapy with PCs for PH1-causing variants bearing folding defects and provide the scaffold for the identification of more specific ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Oppici
- Department
of Life Sciences and Reproduction, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Montioli
- Department
of Life Sciences and Reproduction, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mirco Dindo
- Department
of Life Sciences and Reproduction, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Maccari
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada
del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Porcari
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada
del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Lorenzetto
- Department
of Life Sciences and Reproduction, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Chellini
- Siena Biotech S.p.A., Strada
del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Department
of Life Sciences and Reproduction, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department
of Life Sciences and Reproduction, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8 37134 Verona, Italy
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29
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Kjersem JB, Thomsen M, Guren T, Hamfjord J, Carlsson G, Gustavsson B, Ikdahl T, Indrebø G, Pfeiffer P, Lingjærde O, Tveit KM, Wettergren Y, Kure EH. AGXT and ERCC2 polymorphisms are associated with clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU/oxaliplatin. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 16:272-9. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and the effects of mutations associated with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I: An overview. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1212-9. [PMID: 25620715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) (EC 2.6.1.44) catalyses the conversion of l-alanine and glyoxylate to pyruvate and glycine, a reaction that allows glyoxylate detoxification. Inherited mutations on the AGXT gene encoding AGT lead to Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I (PH1), a rare disorder characterized by the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals primarily in the urinary tract. Here we describe the results obtained on the biochemical features of AGT as well as on the molecular and cellular effects of polymorphic and pathogenic mutations. A complex scenario on the molecular pathogenesis of PH1 emerges in which the co-inheritance of polymorphic changes and the condition of homozygosis or compound heterozygosis are two important factors that determine the enzymatic phenotype of PH1 patients. All the reported data represent relevant steps toward the understanding of genotype/phenotype correlations, the prediction of the response of the patients to the available therapies, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cofactor-dependent proteins: evolution, chemical diversity and bio-applications.
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31
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The consensus-based approach for gene/enzyme replacement therapies and crystallization strategies: the case of human alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase. Biochem J 2014; 462:453-63. [PMID: 24957194 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein stability is a fundamental issue in biomedical and biotechnological applications of proteins. Among these applications, gene- and enzyme-replacement strategies are promising approaches to treat inherited diseases that may benefit from protein engineering techniques, even though these beneficial effects have been largely unexplored. In the present study we apply a sequence-alignment statistics procedure (consensus-based approach) to improve the activity and stability of the human AGT (alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase) protein, an enzyme which causes PH1 (primary hyperoxaluria type I) upon mutation. By combining only five consensus mutations, we obtain a variant (AGT-RHEAM) with largely enhanced in vitro thermal and kinetic stability, increased activity, and with no side effects on foldability and peroxisomal targeting in mammalian cells. The structure of AGT-RHEAM reveals changes at the dimer interface and improved electrostatic interactions responsible for increased kinetic stability. Consensus-based variants maintained the overall protein fold, crystallized more easily and improved the expression as soluble proteins in two different systems [AGT and CIPK24 (CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase) SOS2 (salt-overly-sensitive 2)]. Thus the consensus-based approach also emerges as a simple and generic strategy to increase the crystallization success for hard-to-get protein targets as well as to enhance protein stability and function for biomedical applications.
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32
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Mesa-Torres N, Salido E, Pey AL. The lower limits for protein stability and foldability in primary hyperoxaluria type I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:2355-65. [PMID: 25461797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mutational effects on protein stability and foldability are important to understand conformational diseases and protein evolution. In this work, we perform a comprehensive investigation on the energetic basis underlying mutational effects on the stability of human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). We study twenty two variants whose kinetic stabilities span over eleven orders of magnitude and are classified into two groups: i) ten naturally-occurring variants, including the most common mutations causing primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1); and ii) twelve consensus variants obtained by sequence-alignment statistics. We show that AGT dimer stability determines denaturation rates, and mutations modulate stability by changes in the effective thermodynamic stability, the aggregation propensity of partially/globally unfolded states and subtle energetic changes in the rate-limiting denaturation step. In combination with our previous expression analyses in eukaryotic cells, we propose the existence of two lower limits for AGT stability, one linked to optimal folding efficiency (close to the major allele stability) and the other setting a minimal efficiency compatible with glyoxylate detoxification in vivo (close to the minor allele stability). These lower limits could explain the high prevalence of misfolding as a disease mechanism in PH1 and support the use of pharmacological ligands aimed to increase AGT stability as therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Mesa-Torres
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad La Laguna, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Tenerife E-38320, Spain
| | - Angel L Pey
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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33
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The chaperone role of the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and its implications for rare diseases involving B6-dependent enzymes. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:158-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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