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Bretas R, Freitas-Ferreira E, Souto Maior R, Tomaz C, Gonçalves-Mendes MT, Aversi-Ferreira TA. Comparative anatomy of the Sapajus sp. (bearded capuchin) hand with comments on tool use in a parallel evolution with the hominid pathway. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1292035. [PMID: 38405122 PMCID: PMC10884321 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1292035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bearded capuchins display a wide variety of manipulatory skills and make routine use of tools in both captivity and the wild. The efficient handling of objects in this genus has led several investigators to assume near-human thumb movements, despite a lack of anatomical studies. Methods: Here, we performed an anatomical analysis of muscles and bones in the capuchin hand. Sapajus morphological traits were quantitatively compared with those of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and baboons. Results: The comparative analysis indicated that the Sapajus hand is more similar to that of baboons and least similar to that of humans according to the muscles, bones, and three-dimensional data. Furthermore, these findings suggest that bearded capuchins lack true thumb opponency. Regarding manipulatory skills, they display rather primitive hand traits, with limited resources for precision grasping using the opponens pollicis. Discussion: These findings suggest that bearded capuchins' complex use of tools depends more heavily on their high cognitive abilities than on a versatile hand apparatus. These findings offer crucial insights into the evolution of primate cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Souto Maior
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Postgraduate Program in Environment, University CEUMA, São Luís, Brazil
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Vanhoof MJM, Wagemans C, van Leeuwen T, Vereecke EE. Branching patters of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb. J Morphol 2022; 283:1273-1284. [PMID: 35915895 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the branching patterns of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb by performing detailed dissections of five unembalmed nonhuman primate specimens belonging to five different species, i.e., rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), and bonobo (Pan paniscus). Results are compared with five embalmed human specimens (Homo sapiens), and anatomical data of previous studies on nonhuman primates are also included to provide a broader comparative framework. The results show that the overall configuration of the forelimb blood vessels and nerves of the different primate species is similar, although some apparent interspecific differences are found. In all nonhuman primates, in contrast to humans, the superficial vena basilica is absent. Moreover, in gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo the superficial v. cephalica is confined to the forearm. In humans, both an arteria interossea anterior and posterior are present, while in the nonhuman primates only an a. interossea anterior is present, which migrates to the posterior side at the level of the musculus pronator quadratus. For the innervation, the nervus medianus and n. ulnaris connect in the forearm of the gorilla and macaque. In the gibbon, the brachial plexus shows some differences in the branching pattern at the fasciculus level compared to the other primates. We conclude that the forelimb innervation branching pattern shows some minor differences between the nonhuman primate species, compared to a higher plasticity in the vascularization. However, the exact functional implications of these differences still remain unclear. Therefore, more research in a broader range of primate species and sampling more specimens for each taxon is needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J M Vanhoof
- Muscles & Movement, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Colette Wagemans
- Muscles & Movement, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Timo van Leeuwen
- Muscles & Movement, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Evie E Vereecke
- Muscles & Movement, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Aversi-Ferreira TA, Malheiros Borges KC, Gonçalves-Mendes MT, Caixeta LF. Gross anatomy of the longitudinal fascicle of Sapajus sp. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252178. [PMID: 34166386 PMCID: PMC8224874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Opposing genetic and cultural-social explanations for the origin of language are currently the focus of much discussion. One of the functions linked to the longitudinal fascicle is language, which links Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area in the brain, and its size should indicate the brain increase in the evolution. Sapajus is a New World primate genus with high cognition and advanced tool use similar to that of chimpanzees. A study of the gross anatomy of the longitudinal fascicle of Sapajus using Kingler’s method found it to differ from other studied primates, such as macaques and chimpanzees, mainly because its fibers join the cingulate fascicle. As in other non-human primates, the longitudinal fascicle of Sapajus does not reach the temporal lobe, which could indicate a way of separating these fascicles to increase white matter in relation to individual function. The study of anatomical structures seems very promising for understanding the basis of the origin of language. Indeed, socio-historical-cultural philosophy affirms the socio-cultural origin of speech, although considering the anatomical structures behind it working as a functional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira
- Department of Structural Biology, Laboratory of Biomathematics and Physical Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Maria Tereza Gonçalves-Mendes
- Department of Structural Biology, Laboratory of Biomathematics and Physical Anthropology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Ferreira Caixeta
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Figueredo‐da‐Silva S, Vasconcelos‐da‐Silva E, Abreu T, Aversi‐Ferreira TA. Comparative anatomy of the brachial plexus and shoulder nerves of the
Sapajus. J Med Primatol 2020; 50:9-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tainá Abreu
- Museum of Morphology Federal University of Palmas Palmas Brazil
| | - Tales Alexandre Aversi‐Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biomathematics and Physical Anthropology Department of Structural Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Alfenas Alfenas Brazil
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Comparative Gross Anatomy of the Forelimb Arteries of the Japanese Monkey ( Macaca fuscata) and a Comparative Pattern of Forelimb Arterial Distribution in Primates. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8635917. [PMID: 32724814 PMCID: PMC7381946 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8635917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Macaca fuscata displays characteristic behaviours, such as stone handling, locomotor behaviour, gait position, and intermittent bipedalism. Differences in characteristic behaviours among primate species/genera could be explained by anatomical details of the body. However, the anatomical details have not been well studied in Macaca fuscata. Arterial models could be one of the anatomical bases for the phylogenetic and functional differences among species, since the arterial supply could be associated with the muscular performance, especially locomotor behaviour. In this study, five thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata adults were dissected to analyse the vessels. Patterns of arterial distribution in the thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata were compared with those in other primates. The results indicated that the arterial distribution in the Japanese monkeys was more similar to those in Macaca mulatta and Papio anubis, which is consistent with phylogenetic similarities. However, compared with Papio anubis and other macaques, there were anatomical differences in several points, including (1) the origin of the common, anterior, posterior circumflex, and profunda brachii, and (2) the origins of the collateralis ulnaris artery. The comparative anatomy of the arteries in the forelimb of Macaca fuscata, along with the anatomical studies in other primates, indicated characteristic patterns of brachial artery division and the number of the palmar arches in primates, which is consistent with the phylogenetic division among New World primates, Old World primates, and apes.
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Terrestrial Behavior in Titi Monkeys (Callicebus, Cheracebus, and Plecturocebus): Potential Correlates, Patterns, and Differences between Genera. INT J PRIMATOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-019-00105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aversi-Ferreira RAGMF, Nishijo H, Aversi-Ferreira TA. Reexamination of Statistical Methods for Comparative Anatomy: Examples of Its Application and Comparisons with Other Parametric and Nonparametric Statistics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:902534. [PMID: 26413553 PMCID: PMC4564798 DOI: 10.1155/2015/902534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Various statistical methods have been published for comparative anatomy. However, few studies compared parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. Moreover, some previous studies using statistical method for comparative anatomy (SMCA) proposed the formula for comparison of groups of anatomical structures (multiple structures) among different species. The present paper described the usage of SMCA and compared the results by SMCA with those by parametric test (t-test) and nonparametric analyses (cladistics) of anatomical data. In conclusion, the SMCA can offer a more exact and precise way to compare single and multiple anatomical structures across different species, which requires analyses of nominal features in comparative anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roqueline A. G. M. F. Aversi-Ferreira
- Graduate School of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Physiology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Department of System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira
- Department of System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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