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Bai JW, Qiu SQ, Zhang GJ. Molecular and functional imaging in cancer-targeted therapy: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:89. [PMID: 36849435 PMCID: PMC9971190 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted anticancer drugs block cancer cell growth by interfering with specific signaling pathways vital to carcinogenesis and tumor growth rather than harming all rapidly dividing cells as in cytotoxic chemotherapy. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) system has been used to assess tumor response to therapy via changes in the size of target lesions as measured by calipers, conventional anatomically based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other imaging methods. However, RECIST is sometimes inaccurate in assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy drugs because of the poor correlation between tumor size and treatment-induced tumor necrosis or shrinkage. This approach might also result in delayed identification of response when the therapy does confer a reduction in tumor size. Innovative molecular imaging techniques have rapidly gained importance in the dawning era of targeted therapy as they can visualize, characterize, and quantify biological processes at the cellular, subcellular, or even molecular level rather than at the anatomical level. This review summarizes different targeted cell signaling pathways, various molecular imaging techniques, and developed probes. Moreover, the application of molecular imaging for evaluating treatment response and related clinical outcome is also systematically outlined. In the future, more attention should be paid to promoting the clinical translation of molecular imaging in evaluating the sensitivity to targeted therapy with biocompatible probes. In particular, multimodal imaging technologies incorporating advanced artificial intelligence should be developed to comprehensively and accurately assess cancer-targeted therapy, in addition to RECIST-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
| | - Si-Qi Qiu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, 515041, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
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2
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Huang X, Hürlimann D, Spanke HT, Wu D, Skowicki M, Dinu IA, Dufresne ER, Palivan CG. Cell-Derived Vesicles with Increased Stability and On-Demand Functionality by Equipping Their Membrane with a Cross-Linkable Copolymer. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2202100. [PMID: 36208079 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell-derived vesicles retain the cytoplasm and much of the native cell membrane composition. Therefore, they are attractive for investigations of membrane biophysics, drug delivery systems, and complex molecular factories. However, their fragility and aggregation limit their applications. Here, the mechanical properties and stability of giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) are enhanced by decorating them with a specifically designed diblock copolymer, cholesteryl-poly[2-aminoethyl methacrylate-b-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate]. When cross-linked, this polymer brush enhances the stability of the GPMVs. Furthermore, the pH-responsiveness of the copolymer layer allows for a controlled cargo loading/release, which may enable various bioapplications. Importantly, the cross-linked-copolymer GPMVs are not cytotoxic and preserve in vitro membrane integrity and functionality. This effective strategy to equip the cell-derived vesicles with stimuli-responsive cross-linkable copolymers is expected to open a new route to the stabilization of natural membrane systems and overcome barriers to biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Hürlimann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik T Spanke
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Dalin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Michal Skowicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Eric R Dufresne
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
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3
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Li Y, Zhou J, Li T. Regulation of the HBV Entry Receptor NTCP and its Potential in Hepatitis B Treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:879817. [PMID: 35495620 PMCID: PMC9039015 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.879817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a globally prevalent human DNA virus responsible for more than 250 million cases of chronic liver infection, a condition that can lead to liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), a transmembrane protein highly expressed in human hepatocytes and a mediator of bile acid transport, has been identified as the receptor responsible for the cellular entry of both HBV and its satellite, hepatitis delta virus (HDV). This has led to significant advances in our understanding of the HBV life cycle, especially the early steps of infection. HepG2-NTCP cells and human NTCP-expressing transgenic mice have been employed as the primary cell culture and animal models, respectively, for the study of HBV, and represent valuable approaches for investigating its basic biology and developing treatments for infection. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of NTCP transcription, translation, post-translational modification, and transport are still largely elusive. Improvements in our understanding of NTCP biology would likely facilitate the design of new therapeutic drugs for the prevention of the de novo infection of naïve hepatocytes. In this review, we provide critical findings regarding NTCP biology and discuss important questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- *Correspondence: Yan Li, ; Tianliang Li,
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4
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Sepahdar Z, Miroliaei M, Bouzari S, Khalaj V, Salimi M. Surface Engineering of Escherichia coli-Derived OMVs as Promising Nano-Carriers to Target EGFR-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719289. [PMID: 34867325 PMCID: PMC8638777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have recently drawn a great deal of attention due to their therapeutic efficiency and ability to target specific cells. In the present study, we sought to probe engineered OMVs as novel and promising carriers to target breast cancer cells. Following the fusion of the affiEGFR-GALA structure to the C-terminal of ClyA as an anchor protein, the ClyA-affiEGFR-GALA construct was successfully expressed on the surface of ∆msbB/∆pagP E. coli W3110-derived OMVs. Morphological features of the engineered and wild-type OMVs were identical. The engineered OMVs induced no endotoxicity, cytotoxicity, or immunogenicity, indicating the safety of their application. These OMVs could specifically bind to EGF receptors of MDA-MB-468 cells expressing high levels of EGFR and not to those with low levels of EGFR (HEK293T cells). Interestingly, despite a lower binding affinity of the engineered OMVs relative to the positive control Cetuximab, it was strong enough to identify these cells. Moreover, confocal microscopy revealed no uptake of the modified OMVs by the EGFR-overexpressing cells in the presence of EGFR competitors. These results suggest that OMVs might internalize into the cells with EGF receptors, as no OMVs entered the cells with any EGFR expression or those pretreated with EGF or Cetuximab. Regarding the EGFR-binding affinity of the engineered OMVs and their cellular uptake, they are presented here as a potential carrier for cell-specific drug delivery to treat a wide variety of cancer cells. Interestingly, the engineered OMVs are capable of reaching the cytoplasm while escaping the endosome due to the incorporation of a fusogenic GALA peptide in the construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sepahdar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Miroliaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Salimi
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Feasibility of Developing Radiotracers for MDM2: Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of an 18F-Labeled Analogue of the MDM2 Inhibitor SP-141. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040358. [PMID: 33924734 PMCID: PMC8070256 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine double minute 2 (MDM2), a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, is overexpressed in several human cancers. Herein we investigate the feasibility of developing 18F-labeled compounds based on the small molecule inhibitor SP-141 for imaging tumor MDM2 expression levels with positron emission tomography (PET). Three nonradioactive fluorinated SP-141 analogues, 1–3, were synthesized, and their binding to the MDM2 protein was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). One of these, a fluoroethoxy analogue, was labeled with fluorine-18 (18F) using 18F-fluorethyl bromide to provide [18F]1 and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. SPR analysis confirmed the binding of the fluorinated analogues to MDM2 at 1.25–20 µM concentrations. Cell uptake studies revealed high uptake (67.5–71.4%/mg protein) and specificity of [18F]1 in MCF7 and HepG2 cells. The uptake of [18F]1 in these cells could be modulated using 100 µM SP-141, potentially reflecting changes in MDM2 expression because of p53 activation by SP-141. [18F]1 exhibited stable uptake and retention in HepG2 tumor xenografts (~3 %ID/g) in vivo, but poor clearance from blood and other normal tissues, yielding low tumor-to-background ratios (<2) at 2 h post injection. Our results suggest that [18F]1 has suboptimal characteristics for in vivo evaluation as a PET tracer for MDM2, but warrant radiolabeling and assessment of the other fluorinated analogues synthesized in this work, 2 and 3, and potentially other molecular scaffolds for developing MDM2 targeted radiotracers.
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6
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Rinne SS, Orlova A, Tolmachev V. PET and SPECT Imaging of the EGFR Family (RTK Class I) in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073663. [PMID: 33915894 PMCID: PMC8036874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR-family, other designations: HER family, RTK Class I) is strongly linked to oncogenic transformation. Its members are frequently overexpressed in cancer and have become attractive targets for cancer therapy. To ensure effective patient care, potential responders to HER-targeted therapy need to be identified. Radionuclide molecular imaging can be a key asset for the detection of overexpression of EGFR-family members. It meets the need for repeatable whole-body assessment of the molecular disease profile, solving problems of heterogeneity and expression alterations over time. Tracer development is a multifactorial process. The optimal tracer design depends on the application and the particular challenges of the molecular target (target expression in tumors, endogenous expression in healthy tissue, accessibility). We have herein summarized the recent preclinical and clinical data on agents for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) imaging of EGFR-family receptors in oncology. Antibody-based tracers are still extensively investigated. However, their dominance starts to be challenged by a number of tracers based on different classes of targeting proteins. Among these, engineered scaffold proteins (ESP) and single domain antibodies (sdAb) show highly encouraging results in clinical studies marking a noticeable trend towards the use of smaller sized agents for HER imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-704-250-782
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7
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Ahmed NM, Youns MM, Soltan MK, Said AM. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Antitumor Evaluation of Novel Indolyl-Pyrimidine Derivatives with EGFR Inhibitory Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071838. [PMID: 33805918 PMCID: PMC8037142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds hybridization is a well-known drug design strategy for antitumor agents. Herein, series of novel indolyl-pyrimidine hybrids were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their antitumor activity. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of all compounds was obtained against MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines, as well as against WI38 normal cells using the resazurin assay. Compounds 1-4 showed broad spectrum cytotoxic activity against all these cancer cell lines compared to normal cells. Compound 4g showed potent antiproliferative activity against these cell lines (IC50 = 5.1, 5.02, and 6.6 μM, respectively) comparable to the standard treatment (5-FU and erlotinib). In addition, the most promising group of compounds was further evaluated for their in vivo antitumor efficacy against EAC tumor bearing mice. Notably, compound 4g showed the most potent in vivo antitumor activity. The most active compounds were evaluated for their EGFR inhibitory (range 53-79%) activity. Compound 4g was found to be the most active compound against EGFR (IC50 = 0.25 µM) showing equipotency as the reference treatment (erlotinib). Molecular modeling study was performed on compound 4g revealed a proper binding of this compound inside the EGFR active site comparable to erlotinib. The data suggest that compound 4g could be used as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Youns
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Moustafa K. Soltan
- Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Said
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-907-5016
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8
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Oroujeni M, Xu T, Gagnon K, Rinne SS, Weis J, Garousi J, Andersson KG, Löfblom J, Orlova A, Tolmachev V. The Use of a Non-Conventional Long-Lived Gallium Radioisotope 66Ga Improves Imaging Contrast of EGFR Expression in Malignant Tumours Using DFO-ZEGFR:2377 Affibody Molecule. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020292. [PMID: 33672373 PMCID: PMC7926986 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many malignancies. EGFR-targeted therapy extends survival of patients with disseminated cancers. Radionuclide molecular imaging of EGFR expression would make EGFR-directed treatment more personalized and therefore more efficient. A previous study demonstrated that affibody molecule [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 permits specific positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging of EGFR expression in xenografts at 3 h after injection. We anticipated that imaging at 24 h after injection would provide higher contrast, but this is prevented by the short half-life of 68Ga (67.6 min). Here, we therefore tested the hypothesis that the use of the non-conventional long-lived positron emitter 66Ga (T1/2 = 9.49 h, β+ = 56.5%) would permit imaging with higher contrast. 66Ga was produced by the 66Zn(p,n)66Ga nuclear reaction and DFO-ZEGFR:2377 was efficiently labelled with 66Ga with preserved binding specificity in vitro and in vivo. At 24 h after injection, [66Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 provided 3.9-fold higher tumor-to-blood ratio and 2.3-fold higher tumor-to-liver ratio than [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 at 3 h after injection. At the same time point, [66Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 provided 1.8-fold higher tumor-to-blood ratio, 3-fold higher tumor-to-liver ratio, 1.9-fold higher tumor-to-muscle ratio and 2.3-fold higher tumor-to-bone ratio than [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377. Biodistribution data were confirmed by whole body PET combined with magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI). The use of the positron emitter 66Ga for labelling of DFO-ZEGFR:2377 permits PET imaging of EGFR expression at 24 h after injection and improves imaging contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.O.); (T.X.); (J.G.)
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.O.); (T.X.); (J.G.)
| | - Katherine Gagnon
- GE Healthcare, GEMS PET Systems, 75015 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Sara S. Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Jan Weis
- Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Javad Garousi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.O.); (T.X.); (J.G.)
| | - Ken G. Andersson
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.G.A.); (J.L.)
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.G.A.); (J.L.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.O.); (T.X.); (J.G.)
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Molecular Targeting of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041076. [PMID: 33670650 PMCID: PMC7922143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are two extensively studied membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that are frequently overexpressed in many cancers. As a result, these receptor families constitute attractive targets for imaging and therapeutic applications in the detection and treatment of cancer. This review explores the dynamic structure and structure-function relationships of these two growth factor receptors and their significance as it relates to theranostics of cancer, followed by some of the common inhibition modalities frequently employed to target EGFR and VEGFR, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), antibodies, nanobodies, and peptides. A summary of the recent advances in molecular imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical imaging (OI), and in particular, near-IR fluorescence imaging using tetrapyrrolic-based fluorophores, concludes this review.
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10
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Liu Y, Zhao Q, Xu F, Wang K, Zhao Y, Chen H, He W, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhang J. Dysregulation of phosphoproteins in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed via quantitative analysis of the phosphoproteome. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:117. [PMID: 33408763 PMCID: PMC7779902 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of cancer in the world. Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, serve an essential role during cancer development. To identify aberrant phosphorylation in HCC, a multiplexed tandem mass tag approach combined with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry was used in the present study. The results are available via ProteomeXchange (identifier no. PXD013934). A total of 4,780 phosphorylated sites distributed on 2,209 proteins were identified and quantified, including 74 and 459 phosphorylated upregulated and downregulated proteins, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed differences and similarities between HCC and normal tissues. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis provided information on biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components and sub-cellular localizations. Protein domains enrichment of differentially expressed proteins was analyzed using InterPro database. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed pathways that may potentially be involved in HCC. Integrative analysis of the functions, pathways, motifs of phosphorylated peptides, protein domains and protein interactions established a profile of the phosphoproteome of HCC, which may contribute to identify novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, as well as novel therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Liu
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qianwei Zhao
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xu
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Chen
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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11
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Wu Y, Li H, Yan Y, Wang K, Cheng Y, Li Y, Zhu X, Xie J, Sun X. Affibody-Modified Gd@C-Dots with Efficient Renal Clearance for Enhanced MRI of EGFR Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4691-4703. [PMID: 32636625 PMCID: PMC7335283 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s244172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gd-encapsulated carbonaceous dots (Gd@C-dots) have excellent stability and magnetic properties without free Gd leakage, therefore they can be considered as a safe alternative T1 contrast agent to commonly used Gd complexes. To improve their potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment, affibody-modified Gd@C-dots targeting non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) EGFR-positive tumors with enhanced renal clearance were developed and synthesized. Materials and Methods Gd@C-dots were developed and modified with Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 through EDC/NHS. The size, morphology, and optical properties of the Gd@C-dots and Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 were characterized. Targeting ability was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. Residual gadolinium concentration in major organs was detected with confocal imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ex vivo. H&E staining was used to assess the morphology of these organs. Results Gd@C-dots with nearly 20 nm in diameter were developed and modified with Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907. EGFR expression in HCC827 cells was higher than NCI-H520. In cell uptake assays, EGFR-expressing HCC827 cells exhibited significant MR T1WI signal enhancement when compared to NCI-H520 cells. Cellular uptake of Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 was reduced, when Ac-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 was added. In vivo targeting experiments showed that the probe signal was significantly higher in HCC827 than NCI-H520 xenografts at 1 h after injection. In contrast to Gd@C-dots, Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 nanoparticles can be efficiently excreted through renal clearance. No morphological changes were observed by H&E staining in the major organs after injection of Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907. Conclusion Gd@C-dots-Cys-ZEGFR:1907 is a high-affinity EGFR-targeting probe with efficient renal clearance and is therefore a promising contrast agent for clinical applications such as diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC EGFR-positive malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Wu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxiang Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Yan
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongna Cheng
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-Imaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150028, People's Republic of China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150028, People's Republic of China
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12
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Herrscher C, Roingeard P, Blanchard E. Hepatitis B Virus Entry into Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061486. [PMID: 32570893 PMCID: PMC7349259 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), an enveloped partially double-stranded DNA virus, is a widespread human pathogen responsible for more than 250 million chronic infections worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies cannot eradicate HBV due to the persistence of the viral genome in a special DNA structure (covalently closed circular DNA, cccDNA). The identification of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) as an entry receptor for both HBV and its satellite virus hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has led to great advances in our understanding of the life cycle of HBV, including the early steps of infection in particular. However, the mechanisms of HBV internalization and the host factors involved in this uptake remain unclear. Improvements in our understanding of HBV entry would facilitate the design of new therapeutic approaches targeting this stage and preventing the de novo infection of naïve hepatocytes. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge about the process of HBV internalization into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Herrscher
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- Plate-Forme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (E.B.); Tel.: +33-2-3437-9646 (E.B.)
| | - Emmanuelle Blanchard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- Plate-Forme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (E.B.); Tel.: +33-2-3437-9646 (E.B.)
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13
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Herrscher C, Pastor F, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Dumans A, Seigneuret F, Moreau A, Patient R, Eymieux S, de Rocquigny H, Hourioux C, Roingeard P, Blanchard E. Hepatitis B virus entry into HepG2-NTCP cells requires clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13205. [PMID: 32216005 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide, with 250 million individuals chronically infected. Many stages of the HBV infectious cycle have been elucidated, but the mechanisms of HBV entry remain poorly understood. The identification of the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) as an HBV receptor and the establishment of NTCP-overexpressing hepatoma cell lines susceptible to HBV infection opens up new possibilities for investigating these mechanisms. We used HepG2-NTCP cells, and various chemical inhibitors and RNA interference (RNAi) approaches to investigate the host cell factors involved in HBV entry. We found that HBV uptake into these cells was dependent on the actin cytoskeleton and did not involve macropinocytosis or caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Instead, entry occurred via the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. HBV internalisation was inhibited by pitstop-2 treatment and RNA-mediated silencing (siRNA) of the clathrin heavy chain, adaptor protein AP-2 and dynamin-2. We were able to visualise HBV entry in clathrin-coated pits and vesicles by electron microscopy (EM) and cryo-EM with immunogold labelling. These data demonstrating that HBV uses a clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway to enter HepG2-NTCP cells increase our understanding of the complete HBV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Herrscher
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Florentin Pastor
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Amélie Dumans
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Florian Seigneuret
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Alain Moreau
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Romuald Patient
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sebastien Eymieux
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Christophe Hourioux
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuelle Blanchard
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Plate-Forme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
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14
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Affibody Molecules as Targeting Vectors for PET Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030651. [PMID: 32168760 PMCID: PMC7139392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Affibody molecules are small (58 amino acids) engineered scaffold proteins that can be selected to bind to a large variety of proteins with a high affinity. Their small size and high affinity make them attractive as targeting vectors for molecular imaging. High-affinity affibody binders have been selected for several cancer-associated molecular targets. Preclinical studies have shown that radiolabeled affibody molecules can provide highly specific and sensitive imaging on the day of injection; however, for a few targets, imaging on the next day further increased the imaging sensitivity. A phase I/II clinical trial showed that 68Ga-labeled affibody molecules permit an accurate and specific measurement of HER2 expression in breast cancer metastases. This paper provides an overview of the factors influencing the biodistribution and targeting properties of affibody molecules and the chemistry of their labeling using positron emitters.
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15
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Chen W, Shen B, Sun X. Analysis of Progress and Challenges of EGFR-Targeted Molecular Imaging in Cancer With a Focus on Affibody Molecules. Mol Imaging 2019; 18:1536012118823473. [PMID: 30799684 PMCID: PMC6348515 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118823473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted cancer therapy requires an accurate estimation of EGFR expression in tumors to identify responsive patients, monitor therapeutic effect, and estimate prognosis. The EGFR molecular imaging is an optimal method for evaluating EGFR expression in vivo accurately and noninvasively. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in EGFR-targeted molecular imaging in cancer, with a special focus on the development of imaging agents, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand, monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, Affibody, and small molecules. Each substrate or probe, whether it is an endogenous ligand, antibody, peptide, or small molecule labeled with fluorochrome or radionuclide, has unique advantages and limitations. Antibody-based probes have high affinity but a long metabolic cycle and therefore offer poor imaging quality. Affibody molecules promise to surpass antibody-based probes due to their small size, stable chemical properties, and high affinity to the target. Small-molecule probes are safe, have favorable pharmacokinetics, and show high affinity and specificity, in addition to having an ideal size, but are inadequate for delayed imaging after injection due to their fast clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Chen
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baozhong Shen
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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16
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Preclinical Evaluation of [ 68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377: A Promising Affibody-Based Probe for Noninvasive PET Imaging of EGFR Expression in Tumors. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090141. [PMID: 30231504 PMCID: PMC6162391 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Radionuclide imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in tumors may stratify patients for EGFR-targeting therapies and predict response or resistance to certain treatments. Affibody molecules, which are nonimmunoglobulin scaffold proteins, have a high potential as probes for molecular imaging. In this study, maleimido derivative of desferrioxamine B (DFO) chelator was site-specifically coupled to the C-terminal cysteine of the anti-EGFR affibody molecule ZEGFR:2377, and the DFO-ZEGFR:2377 conjugate was labeled with the generator-produced positron-emitting radionuclide 68Ga. Stability, specificity of binding to EGFR-expressing cells, and processing of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 by cancer cells after binding were evaluated in vitro. In vivo studies were performed in nude mice bearing human EGFR-expressing A431 epidermoid cancer xenografts. The biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 was directly compared with the biodistribution of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377. DFO-ZEGFR:2377 was efficiently (isolated yield of 73 ± 3%) and stably labeled with 68Ga. Binding of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 to EGFR-expressing cells in vitro was receptor-specific and proportional to the EGFR expression level. In vivo saturation experiment demonstrated EGFR-specific accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 in A431 xenografts. Compared to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377, [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) higher uptake in tumors and lower uptake in spleen and bones. This resulted in significantly higher tumor-to-organ ratios for [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377. In conclusion, [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 is a promising probe for imaging of EGFR expression.
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17
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Case BA, Kruziki MA, Stern LA, Hackel BJ. Evaluation of affibody charge modification identified by synthetic consensus design in molecular PET imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2018; 3:171-182. [PMID: 31467687 PMCID: PMC6715147 DOI: 10.1039/c7me00095b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) correlates to therapeutic response in select patient populations. Thus, molecular positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of EGFR could stratify responders versus non-responders. We previously demonstrated effectiveness of a "synthetic consensus" design principle to identify six neutralizing mutations within a 58-amino acid EGFR-targeted affibody domain. Herein, we extend the approach to identify additional neutralized variants that vary net charge from -2 to either -4 or +4 while retaining high affinity (1.6 ± 1.2 nM and 2.5 ± 0.7 nM), specific binding to EGFR, secondary structure, and stability (Tm = 68 °C and 59 °C). We radiolabeled the resultant collection of five charge variants with 64Cu and evaluated PET imaging performance in murine models with subcutaneously xenografted EGFRhigh and EGFRlow tumors. All variants exhibited good EGFRhigh tumor imaging as early as 1 h, with EA35S (+3/-5) achieving 7.7 ± 1.4 %ID/g tumor at 4 h with 1.5 ± 0.3%ID/g EGFRlow tumor, 34 ± 5 tumor:muscle and 12 ± 3 tumor:blood ratios. The positively charged EA62S mutant (+6/-2) exhibited 2.2-3.3-fold higher liver signal than the other variants (p<0.01). The EA68 variant with higher charge density was more stable to human and mouse serum than neutralized variants. In a comparison of radiometal chelators, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid (NODAGA) exhibited superior physiological specificity to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA). In total, these studies comparatively evaluated a set of EGFR-targeted affibodies varying in net charge and charge density, which revealed functional variations that are useful in engineering an ideal probe for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Case
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Max A Kruziki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lawrence A Stern
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Benjamin J Hackel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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18
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Zhou Q, Li Z, Zhou J, Joshi BP, Li G, Duan X, Kuick R, Owens SR, Wang TD. In vivo photoacoustic tomography of EGFR overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma mouse xenograft. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2016; 4:43-54. [PMID: 27766208 PMCID: PMC5066077 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
EGFR is a promising cell surface target for in vivo imaging that is highly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common cancer worldwide. Peptides penetrate easily into tumors for deep imaging, and clear rapidly from the circulation to minimize background. We aim to demonstrate use of an EGFR specific peptide to detect HCC xenograft tumors in mice with photoacoustic imaging. Nude mice implanted with human HCC cells that overexpress EGFR were injected intravenously with Cy5.5-labeled EGFR and scrambled control peptides respectively. Photoacoustic images collected from 0 to 24 h. Photoacoustic signal peaked in tumors at 3 h post-injection. Images from 0 to 1.8 cm beneath the skin revealed increased target-to-background (T/B) ratio from tumors. The T/B ratio was significantly greater for the EGFR versus control peptide. Clearance of signal was observed by ∼24 h. EGFR overexpression was validated with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. A peptide specific for EGFR delivered systemically can detect HCC xenograft tumors in vivo with photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Bishnu P. Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Gaoming Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xiyu Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Scott R. Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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19
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Yang X, Liu H, Sun CK, Natarajan A, Hu X, Wang X, Allegretta M, Guttmann RD, Gambhir SS, Chua MS, Cheng Z, So SK. Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived xenografts using ⁸⁹Zr-labeled anti-glypican-3 monoclonal antibody. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6964-71. [PMID: 24836949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Imaging probes for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are highly desired to overcome current diagnostic limitations which lead to poor prognosis. The membrane protein glypican-3 (GPC3) is a potential molecular target for early HCC detection as it is over-expressed in >50% of HCCs, and is associated with early hepatocarcinogenesis. We synthesized the positron emission tomography (PET) probe (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 by bioconjugating and radiolabeling the anti-GPC3 monoclonal antibody (clone 1G12) with (89)Zr, and evaluated its tumor-targeting capacity. In vitro, (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 was specifically taken up into GPC3-positive HCC cells only, but not in the GPC3-negative prostate cancer cell line (PC3). In vivo, (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 specifically accumulated in subcutaneous GPC3-positive HCC xenografts only, but not in PC3 xenografts. Importantly, (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 delineated orthotopic HCC xenografts from surrounding normal liver, with tumor/liver (T/L) ratios of 6.65 ± 1.33 for HepG2, and 4.29 ± 0.52 for Hep3B xenografts. It also delineated orthotopic xenografts derived from three GPC3-positive HCC patient specimens, with T/L ratios of 4.21 ± 0.64, 2.78 ± 0.26, and 2.31 ± 0.38 at 168 h p.i. Thus, (89)Zr-DFO-1G12 is a highly translatable probe for the specific and high contrast imaging of GPC3-positive HCCs, which may aid early detection of HCC to allow timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Yang
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chris K Sun
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiang Hu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Samuel K So
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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